Electronic Computer Generation
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Electronic Computer Generation • First Generation : 1946-1956 They relied on vacuum tubes to store and process information. They consumed a great deal of power, were short lived and generated a great deal of heat. They used magnetic drum memories.
Maximum memory size was aproxim. 2000bytes With a speed of 10 kilo instructions per sec. EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was the 1st computer (Based on Von Nuemann architecture) to use instructions stored in memory.
• 1st Generation Computers included the UniVersal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) and IBM 650.
2ND Generation :1957 - 1963 • They relied on transistor technology and magnetic core memories . • Computer were then built from individual transistors wired-up together . • Transistors were much more stable and reliable than vacuum tube, they generated less heat and consumed less power. • Memory size expanded to 32KB of RAM • Speeds reached 200000 to 300000 instructions per sec.eg IBM7094,NCR501.
3rd Generation :1964 – 1979 • Used Integrated Circuits (IC) which were made by combining several transistors together. • Magnetic disk was developed during this period for storage purposes. • Computer memories expanded to 2MB RAM and speeds up to 5million instructions per sec. • This period saw the production of First microcomputer(1974). • 3rd Generation consisted of fast mainframe computers e.g IBM 360,370 and 8-bit microcomputers.
4th Generation:1979 - 1989 • They used Large scale integration(LSI – which combined hundreds of transistors) and Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-which combines 200000 to 400000 transistors) circuits. • Memories used include magnetic disks, bubble memories and optical disks. • Memory sizes expanded to several hundred megabytes and speeds to 50 million instructions per sec. • They included mainframes such as IBM 308 as well as the 16-bit and 32-bit microcomputers.
5th Generation :1990-Present • The Major thrust of Fifth generation of computers are distributed computing systems and the merging of telecommunications and computing technology. • Technologies currently used and under research during this generation, include parallel architectures, three dimensional circuit design and super conducting materials. • The above technologies have led to development of supercomputers with speeds of 1G to 1T instructions per sec.
Maximum memory size was aproxim. 2000bytes With a speed of 10 kilo instructions per sec. EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was the 1st computer (Based on Von Nuemann architecture) to use instructions stored in memory.
• 1st Generation Computers included the UniVersal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) and IBM 650.
2ND Generation :1957 - 1963 • They relied on transistor technology and magnetic core memories . • Computer were then built from individual transistors wired-up together . • Transistors were much more stable and reliable than vacuum tube, they generated less heat and consumed less power. • Memory size expanded to 32KB of RAM • Speeds reached 200000 to 300000 instructions per sec.eg IBM7094,NCR501.
3rd Generation :1964 – 1979 • Used Integrated Circuits (IC) which were made by combining several transistors together. • Magnetic disk was developed during this period for storage purposes. • Computer memories expanded to 2MB RAM and speeds up to 5million instructions per sec. • This period saw the production of First microcomputer(1974). • 3rd Generation consisted of fast mainframe computers e.g IBM 360,370 and 8-bit microcomputers.
4th Generation:1979 - 1989 • They used Large scale integration(LSI – which combined hundreds of transistors) and Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-which combines 200000 to 400000 transistors) circuits. • Memories used include magnetic disks, bubble memories and optical disks. • Memory sizes expanded to several hundred megabytes and speeds to 50 million instructions per sec. • They included mainframes such as IBM 308 as well as the 16-bit and 32-bit microcomputers.
5th Generation :1990-Present • The Major thrust of Fifth generation of computers are distributed computing systems and the merging of telecommunications and computing technology. • Technologies currently used and under research during this generation, include parallel architectures, three dimensional circuit design and super conducting materials. • The above technologies have led to development of supercomputers with speeds of 1G to 1T instructions per sec.
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