Eenadu Pratibha 101-115

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Damodar: Hi, Krupakar, I couldn't see you the whole of yesterday. What were you doing? (

éπ%-§ƒéπ-®˝, E†oçû√ †’´¤y éπ-E°œç-îª-™‰-ü¿’, àç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤?)

Krupakar: Busy playing the game - making as many sentences as we could - with my sister and prabhakar. ( Sister, prabhakar Game Sentences Form Busy

´÷

ûÓ éπLÆœ

-Ç-úø’-ûª÷ áEo O©-®·ûË ÅEo îËÆæ÷h ÖçúÕ-§Úߪ÷) Damodar: What game was that? (àç

í¬

Game?) Krupakar: You find the game in the hundredth lesson of spoken english. It's a simple game - forming sentences, as many as we can by adding suitable words after 'be' forms and action words - sentences to be not only statements but also questions, both types, 'wh' and 'non wh' questions, with not and never too...

4) How well Rupa sings that song! 5) The teacher never made a joke

É™« áEo Sentences îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ. ûª®√yûª ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô©’ îËJa Sentences extend îËߪ’çúÕ. eg: 1) Vineet bought a book at the college stores. 2) When did Naresh meet you to give you the book. 3) She does not like me because I do not like her. 4) How well Rupa sings that song from the movie, nuvvu naaku nachau. 5) The teacher never made a joke while teaching.

É™«çöÀ sentences O’®Ω’ O’ friends etc., ûÓ îËߪ’çúÕ. I, We, You, he, she, it and ûÓ èπÿú≈ sentences îËߪ’çúÕ.

practice they

u

u

u

Renuka: Urmila, why don't you lend me the book. I have to prepare for the exam the day after tomorrow. exam prepare Urmila: Sorry Renuka, Bhoomika has taken it away. She has to prepare for the exam as well. You are a little late.

(Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç é¬Ææh É≤ƒh-¢√? á©’xçúÕ Å¢√Lq ÖçC.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

101

-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 23 -ï-†-´-J 2006

èπ◊

'be' forms. Have to be, has to be,

OöÀ

must be, should be. (Have to be/ has to be - I, we, you and

´Ææ’hçC. He, ûÓ has to be ´Ææ’hçC.) -O-ô-Eoç-öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç – Öçú≈L – ÅE. ÅC äéπJ Çïc (command) é¬´îª ’a, NCµ (duty) é¬´îª ’a, necessity (Å´-Ææ®Ωç) 鬴a.

they subjects

ûÓ

have to be

(éπFÆæç Í®°æ-öÀ-ÈéjØ√ -Å-ûª-úø’ -Åéπ\-úø’ç-ú≈L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ Å´-鬨¡ç éÓ™p-û√úø’. – necessity.) ÉC èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Pramod: I am happy to have got the job, Sir.

she and it subjects

When have I to be here to report for duty, Sir? (Job

´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬ ÖçC. îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ/ Duty™ Join Å´-ö«-EéÀ á°æ¤-púø’ ®√-¢√-©çúŒ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ?) (Have to be Ééπ\úø duty E ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’çC.) Report

Have to be, has to be, should be, must be =

Öçú≈L,

present

™í¬F,

future

™í¬E.

Vinod: Let me go. I have to be at home in ten

Prasanth: You have to be here by 9.30 every-

minutes. Dad will be angry if I am late.

day.

(††’o ¢Á∞¡xF. ؈’ 10 EN’-≥ƒ™x Éçöx Öçú≈L. ™‰èπ◊ç-õ‰ ´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ éÓ°æç ´Ææ’hçC)

(9.30 éπ-™«x Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈-L- †’´¤y.

You have to be here till 5.30 in the evening. (

È®çúø÷

I have to prepare

5.30 ´®Ωèπÿ Öçú≈L– Ñ

commands.) Your colleague

too, has to be here at the same time.

(F Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓuT èπÿú≈ ÅçûË. Ééπ\úø command.)

has to be

Pramod: I will start work now itself sir,

(î√-™« Simple game ÅC. sub + verbverb 'be' form Ŵa, action word Ŵa, ü∆E ûª®√yûª ´÷ô©’ îË®Ω’a-èπ◊çô÷ §Ú-´ôç– Sentences statements ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, Questions, Exclamations èπÿú≈. Questions È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩 Questions – 'wh' words ûÓ 'non wh' words ûÓ èπÿú≈. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈, not ûÓ never ûÓ èπÿú≈) Damodar: Was that so? O I missed the game. How many sentences were you able to frame? game miss Sentences

(Å™«í¬? Å®·ûË Øˆ’ Åߪ÷u†’. O’È®Eo í¬®Ω’?)

îËߪ’-í∫-L-

Krupakar: We didn't count, but we were able to make a good number. We have understood that we can improve our english by this kind of practice more than by reading books on spoken english.

(™„éπ\°ôd-™‰ü¿’ é¬F î√™«ØË î˨»ç. Spoken english O’ü¿ books îªü¿-´ôç éπçõ‰ É™«çöÀ practice ü∆y®√ØË English ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç ´Ææ’hç-ü¿E Å®Ωn-¢Á’içC) °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†oô’d, practice ´©x confidence °®Ω-í∫-ô¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, English Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç Å©-¢√-ô-´¤-ûª’çC. v°æA-®ÓW Friends ûÓ Ñ game practice îËߪ’çúÕ. Ñ Lesson ™ éÌClí¬ ûËú≈ûÓ É™«çöÀ game ÉçéÓöÀ îª÷ü∆lç. O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’– verbs ™ È®çúø’®Ω鬩’. ¢Á·ü¿-öÀC 'love' ™«çöÀN. OöÀéÀ á´-JE, üËEE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ ¢√∞¡x†’ ÅØÓ, ü∆EE ÅØÓ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ´Ææ’hçC. È®çúÓ ®Ωé¬--E-N - walk (†-úø-´ôç) ™«çöÀN. á´-JE †úø-´ôç, üËE-E †úø-´ôç Åçõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ®√ü¿’ éπü∆. Ñ≤ƒJ game ™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ®Ωéπç verbs ûÓ sentences îËߪ’çúÕ. statements ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, questions, exclamations ûÓ Ææ£æ…, Not/ never ûÓ èπÿú≈ O’èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ-†Eo verbs ûÓ á†o-®·ûË ÅEo. eg: 1) Vineet bought a book 2) When did Naresh meet you? 3) She doesnot like me (at all)

Spoken English

(Sorry, exam prepare Renuka: I thought of buying the book yesterday, but I had to take mom to hospital, so I didn't find the time. I must get the book somehow. Otherwise I'll be doing very badly in the exam. book hospital

¶µº÷N’éπ Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç BÆæ’Èé-R}ç-C. ûª†’èπ◊ Å¢√y-©E.) èπÿú≈

(E†oØË éÌØ√-©E ņ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’, é¬E èπ◊ BÆæ’Èé∞«}Lq ´÷ Å´’t†’ ´*açC. é̆-™‰-éπ-§Úߪ÷. ᙫíÓ äéπ-™«í¬ Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L ؈’. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË á©’xçúÕ exam -¶«í¬ ®√-ߪ’-™‰éπ-§Ú-û√--†’-.)

Urmila: I must pay the fees today. Today is the last date. I should go to the bank and get the money. fees Bank Renuka: That's true. We must submit exam applications by tomorrow. That's the rule. Exam applications submit rule.) Urmila: The applications should have the signature of the parent or the guardian, shouldn't it? (Application parent/ guardian

(É¢√∞¡ ®ÓV.

éπ-ö«dL ؈’. -É-¢√-∞Ï -*-´-J èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xL, úø•’s ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L.)

(Eï¢Ë’.

Í®°æöÀ ™°æ©

îÁߪ÷uL. ÅüË

™ Ææçûªéπç Öçú≈L, éπü∆?)

Renuka: Yes, that's the rule. Further we must mention the amount paid, and enclose the fee receipt. clear fee receipt Urmila: OK then. Bye. I must hurry.

(ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈, áçûª úø•’s éπöÀdçD í¬ ü∆-E-ûÓ ïûª-°æ®Ω-î√L.) ûÁ-©-§ƒ-L,

(´≤ƒh Å®·ûË. ؈’ -ûªy®ΩΩ-°æ-ú≈L.) Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù™E sentences †’ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. 1) I have to prepare 2) She has to prepare 3) I had to take 4) I must get 5) I must pay 6) We must submit 7) The application should have the signature 8) We must mention. sentences verbs: have to + 1st RDW; has to + 1st RDW; had to + 1st RDW; must + 1st RDW; should + 1st RDW

°j

™E

.

Have to/ has to, had to, must, should rule

É´Fo èπÿú≈ NCµí¬, v°æ鬮Ωç, ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æ†’-©†’ ûÁ©’°æ¤û√®·.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

because I have to be thorough with

Suman: Hari too has to be at home in ten minutes. He doesn't like to miss the serial. Isn't it so, Hari?

my job.

(£æ«J èπÿú≈ 10 EN’-≥ƒ-©èπ◊ Éçöx M. SURESAN Öçú≈L. Åûª-úÕéÀ serial miss Å´ôç É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË éπü∆ £æ«J?) Hari:

That's right. I have to hurry now. Bye. (

Eï¢Ë’. ؈’ -ûªy®ΩΩ-°æ-ú≈L)

Suman: Don't forget tomorrow's exam time. You have to be at the centre by 9.45

(Í®°æ¤ exam time ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-éπçúÕ. O’®Ω-éπ\úø 9.45 éπ-™«x Öçú≈L) Ééπ\úø îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. Present ™í¬F, future ™í¬F 'Öçú≈L— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ have to be/ has to be ¢√ú≈ç. äéπ Order / Command ´©x, NCµ ´©x (Åçõ‰ Duty), ™‰éπ§ÚûË Å´-Ææ®Ωç (Necessity) ´©x Öçú≈Lq´ÊÆh, Å°æ¤púø’ Have to be/ has to be ¢√úøû√ç. a) O’®Ω’ 10éπ-™«x office ™ Öçú≈L. You have to be at office by 10 (Command) b)

(؈’ É°æ¤púË v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ-≤ƒh†’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Ø√ °æE ؈’ èπ~◊ùoçí¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’éÓ-¢√L éπü∆ (Ééπ\úø have to be - necessity). I understand I have to be at office for atleast 6 hours. (éπFÆæç 6 í∫çô©ÊÆ°æ-®·Ø√ office ™ Öçú≈-©E Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Ééπ\úø have to be NCµE ûÁ©’°æ¤ûÓçC éπü∆.) Now practice the following in English: Kranthi:

†’´¤y éπFÆæç ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç È®çúø’ í∫çô© ´®Ω-ÈéjØ√ Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈L, Å®Ωn-´’-®·çü∆? Shanthi: Yes, Madam. Ñ®Ó-ñ‰é¬-ü¿’, Í®°æ¤ -èπÿú≈ ÉüË ¢Ë∞¡™x Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈-©E ûÁ©’Ææ’ madam. Kranthi: Watchman ûÓ îÁ°æ¤p, Åûª-Eç-é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L ÅE; pass Ö†o¢√∞¡’x ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ™°æ© Öçú≈-©-F. Shanthi: Ok, Madam. Åûª-E-éπ\úø 8 í∫çô©´®Ωèπÿ Öçú≈-©E èπÿú≈ îÁ§ƒh†’. Kranthi: OK. ñ«ví∫ûªh. Ø√èπ◊ meeting ÖçC. Åéπ\úø ؈’ 1.30 éπçû√ Öçú≈L. ØËØÌîËa ÆæJéÀ files ÅFo ready Å®·-Öç-ú≈L. ûÁL-Æœçü∆? Shanthi: Readyí¬ Öçö«®·, madam.

v°æA ÖüÓuT 10 †’ç* 5´®Ωèπ◊ Office ™ Öçú≈L

Answer:

Every employee has to be in the office

Kranthi: You have to be here till atleast 2 in the

from 10 to 5 (Command)

afternoon, understand?

c) I have to be at office by 10.

؈’ 10éπ-™«x

office

™ Öçú≈L.

Shanthi: Yes, Madam. I Understand too, that (Duty =

NCµ)

d) She has to be at office for a minimum of Six hours.

not only today, but also tomorrow I have to be here during the same time. Kranthi: Tell the watchman that he has to be a

(-Ç-¢Á’ éπFÆæç 6 í∫çô-©-ÊÆ-°jØ√ Office ™ Öçú≈L = Duty/ NCµ)

little more careful, that only those who

e) I have to be at the station at 2 or I shall

Shanthi: Ok, Madam. I will tell him too that he

miss the train.

؈’

station

-™ È®çúÕçöÀéÀ Öçú≈L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ Å´¤-û√†’. (ÉC necessity, Åçõ‰ Å´-Ææ®Ωç éπü∆) train miss

f) He has to be here atleast by tomorrow.

have passes have to be here. has to be here till 8 o'clock. Kranthi: Ok. Be careful. I have a meeting. I have to be there by 1.30. By the time I return all the files must be ready. Shanthi: They shall be, madam.

Otherwise he will miss the chance.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Hitesh: Hi Mallesh, I coludn't see you the whole of yesterday. What happened?

(E†oçû√ éπ-E°œç-‰ü¿’. àç ïJTçC?) Mallesh: (I was) Busy at home. I had to be at home attending to some repairs for the house. Dad was out of town. busy repairs

d) Action word: have to + 1st Regular Doing Word, has to + 1st Regular Doing Word. (Have to go, have to do, has to go, has to do etc,

¢Á∞«}L, îËߪ÷L ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) Éçé¬ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC– a) ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’© ´©x Öçúø-´-©-Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’, (Éçöx í¬ ÖØ√o. ÉçöÀ îËߪ’-´-©-Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’– have to be/ has to be; îª÷Ææ’éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ÉçöxØË Öçú≈Lq ´*açC. have to + 1st RDW/ has to + 1st RDW. Ø√†o- Ü∞x ™‰®Ω’.) eg: a) Attend = College/ School/ Class ™«çöÀ 1) I have to be at home by 8. ¢√öÀéÀ, functions/ meetings/ marriages ؈’ 8 éπ-™«x Éçöx Öçú≈L. (™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ´÷ Ø√-†o™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ £æ…ï-®Ω-´ôç. éÓ°æ p-úøû√®Ω’) b) attend to = äéπ °æE îË°æ-ôd-ôç / ¶«üµ¿u-ûªí¬ 2) He has to be here by 10. Otherwise we îËߪ’ôç; 'I am attending to the repairs'. can't start. c) Attend on = ÅA--ü∑¿’-©èπ◊, ®Óí∫’-©èπ◊ Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’ (Åûª-E-éπ\úø 10éπ-™«x Öçú≈L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω™‰ç) îËߪ’ôç,

When I was ill, my sister, attended on me. Hitesh: You remember we have to go to Naresh's for his birthday party. It's already 5. Shall we start? (Naresh birthday party

Èé∞«x-©E í∫’®Ω’hç-Céπü∆? É°æp-öÀÍé 5 Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. •ßª’-©’üË®Ω-ü∆-´÷?)

3) They have to see the doctor today. The appointment is for today. doctor appointment 'have to' has to

(É¢√∞¡ ¢√-∞¡Ÿx ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞«xL. Çߪ’† Ñ Éî√aúø’)– Ééπ\úø ®ÓVèπ◊ (Åçõ‰ èπÿú≈) ´’†ç ´·çü¿’ E®Ωg-®·ç-èπ◊†o °æEéÀ ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. Å™«Íí–

éÌØ√-L-éπü∆?)

(ûªy®Ω-°æ-ú≈L ´’J.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

í∫ûªç™ Éûª-®Ω’© •©-´çûªç´©x-í¬F, E•ç-üµ¿-†© ´©xí¬F ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷-Lq-†-°æ¤púø’/ Öçú≈-Lq†°æ¤púø’ πÿú≈ had to ¢√úøû√ç. 1) Lord Rama had to go to forests to honour his father's word.

¢√∞¡x-Ø√†o ´÷ô E©-¶„-ôd-ö«-EéÀ X®√-´·úø’ Åúø-´¤©èπ◊ -¢Á∞«x-Lq- ´-*açC. 2) He had to live in the forest for 12 years

°æØÁoç-úË∞¡x ´†-¢√Ææç îËߪ÷Lq ´*açC. 3) He had to pay a fine of Rs. 250/- for driving the wrong way.

102

4) Pramila had to submit the application the day before yesterday. She submitted it yesterday, so she had to pay a late fee of Rs. 10/-.

c) Before you build a house, you should submit the plan for approval. plan submit ´ Should past form 'had to' have to/ has to sentences

(É©’x éπõ‰d ´·çü¿’, ÉçöÀ Ç¢Á÷-ü∆-EéÀ îËߪ÷L) èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ØË, ©èπ◊ ™«í¬. Ñ éÀçC †’ §Ú©açúÕ.

a) The Players should be at the field by 9 AM field present/ future b) The players had to be at the field by 9 AM. Players field Past. have to/ should has to, should have to/ has to powerful.

ûÌN’t-Cç-öÀ-éπ-™«x véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’©’ ™ Öçú≈L. Ŵa. ÉC

9 éÀ ™ Öçú≈Lq ´*açC– ÉC ´·êu í∫´’-Eéπ: E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, Å´-Ææ-®√-© π◊ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, éπçõ‰ á π◊\´

Å´-èπÿ-úøü¿’.)

You have to do it

(Éçûªéà †Í®≠ˇ ´ßª’Ææ’q áçûª’ç-úÌ--îªaç-ö«´¤? ÉC ÅûªE áØÓo birthday?– DEéÀ English ™‰ü¿’.) Hitesh: He must be 18 now. I think it is his 18th birth anniversary. birthday AnniversaryMallesh: We are all the same age then, give or take a few months.

(18 à∞¡Ÿxç-ú≈L. ÉC ÅûªE 18´ ņ’-èπ◊çö«. ¢√J{-éÓûªq-´ç)

4) He has to return my book today. He said he would.

(Åûª†’ Ø√èπ◊ -Ñ®Ó--V °æ¤Ææhéπç ÉîËa-ߪ÷L. É≤ƒh-†-Ø√oúø’.) b) Éûª-®Ω’© •©-´çûªç´©x-í¬F, àüÁjØ√ E•ç-üµ¿-†© (Å®·ûË ´’†-´’çû√ ØÁ©© ûËú≈ûÓ äÍé ´©-xí¬F (Rules) ´’†ç îËߪ÷-Lq-†-°æ¤púø’/ Öçú≈Lq-†-°æ¤púø’ have to/ has to ¢√úøû√ç. ´ßª’Ææ’q™ ÖØ√o´’-†o-´÷ô.)

Hitesh: Ok. Let's start. Mallesh: We must get back home early. Don't forget our exams from the day after tomorrow. Because of the change in the exam hours, we must be at college 10 minutes before nine.

(´’†ç ûªy®Ωí¬ ÉçöÀéÀ AJT ´îËa-ߪ÷L. á©’xçúÕ †’ç* ´’†èπ◊ exams ÅE ´’®Ω-*§Úèπ◊. ´÷J† ¢Ë∞¡© v°æ鬮Ωç College ™ 10 EN’-≥ƒ©’ ûªèπ◊\´ 9 éπ-™«x -Öçú≈-L-.) éÀç-ü¿-öÀ lesson ™ have to be/ has to be Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? äéπ-≤ƒJ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊ ûÁa-èπ◊çü∆ç. a) I, We, You, They subjects Å®·ûË have to. b) He, She, It Å®·ûË has to. c) be form: have to be/ has to be (Öçú≈L ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ).

-v°æ-¨¡o: 1)

¢√£æ«-Ø√© ¢Á†éπ ®√ÊÆ 'please Å®Ωnç N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. 2) ¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ö«EéÀ Ææ´÷† Å®Ωnç ´îËa ÉçTx≠ˇ °æü¿ç à¢Á’iØ√ Öçü∆? – >™«E, é¬éÀ-Ø√úø sound horn'

-ï-¢√-•’:

b)

(Åûª†’ wrong direction ™ drive îËÆœ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ 250 ®Ω÷-§ƒ-ߪ’© -ï-J-´÷-Ø√ éπö«dLq ´*açC.)

Mallesh: But we should buy some gift for him. gift Hitesh: We must hurry then. We shouldn't be late. late Mallesh: What, do you think, is Naresh's age now?

(àüÓ

-•’-üµ¿¢√®Ωç 25 -ï-†-´-J 2006

1) Please sound horn

Åçõ‰ horn ¢Á÷Tç-îªçúÕ ÅE Å®Ωnç. äéπ ¢√£æ«†ç ¢Á†-éπ-´¤†o ¢√£æ«†ç, ´·çü¿J ¢√£æ«-Ø√Eo ü∆öÀ ´·çü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, horn ¢Á÷TÊÆh, ´·çü¿J ¢√£æ«†ç, ¢Á†éπ ¢√£æ«-Ø√-EéÀ ü∆JÆæ’hçü¿E îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ Å™« ®√≤ƒh®Ω’. 2) '¢Á·£æ«-´÷ôç— Å†o-´÷-ôèπ◊ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Å†-í∫-L-TçC 'unassertive'. 'assertive' Åçõ‰ E®Ìt-£æ«-´÷-ôçí¬ Öçúøôç, 鬕öÀd, 'unassertive' Åçõ‰ ¢Á·£æ«-´÷ôç í∫© ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-´îª’a.

Spoken English

1) You have to show the ticket on demand. Keep it safe until the journey is over. [ Ticket

ÅúÕT†°æ¤púø’ (öÀÈéö¸– öÀ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) îª÷§ƒL. v°æߪ÷ùç °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’-u´-®Ωèπ◊ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öç-. On demand = ÅúÕT†°æ¤púø’-]

2) Kumar has to pay the fees tomorrow. (kumar

Í®°æ¤

fees

éπö«dL.)

3) The boss has asked us to be at office half an hour earlier than usual. We have to be at office at 9. (Boss ´’†Lo ã Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çü¿’ office èπ◊ ®Ω´’t-Ø√o®Ω’ éπü∆. ´’†ç 9 éπ-™«x office ™ Öçú≈L.) Have to/ has to á°æ¤púø÷ present/ future situations èπ◊ ´Jh-≤ƒh®·. ÅüË past ™ ´’†ç îÁ§ƒp©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ had to ¢√úøû√ç. lesson v§ƒ®Ω綵º Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ Mallesh -à-´’-Ø√oúø’?I had to be at home (Yesterday - past) ÅE. Åçõ‰ ØËEçöx Öçú≈Lq ´*açC. 鬕öÀd í∫ûªç™– a) --à-üÁj-Ø√ °æJÆœn-ûª’©´©x-í¬E, E•ç-üµ¿-†©´©x-í¬E, Éûª-®Ω’© •©-´ç-ûªç-´©xí¬E áéπ\-úÁjØ√ Öçú≈Lq ´ÊÆh, had to be, àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷-Lq-´ÊÆh had to + 1st Regular Doing Word (RDW) ¢√úøû√ç. 1. He had to be at station by 8, as his friend was coming. (Station friend

™ Åûª†’ 8 éÀ Öçú≈Lq ´*açC, ¢√∞¡x á´®Ó ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ 鬕öÀd)

2. Santhi had to go to Vijayawada last Sunday to attend a marriage.

(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç ¨»çA Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø, °RxéÀ ¢Á∞«}Lq ´*açC.) 3. Vishal had to pay the fees yesterday; he had no money, so I had to lend him the amount.

(N¨»™¸ E†o fees îÁLxç-î√Lq ´*açC. ÅûªE ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s-™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE ØË-†’ -Å®Ω’-´¤ -É¢√yLq ´*açC.)

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

(v°æO’© ¢Á·†oØË application submit îËߪ÷-LqçC – é¬F E-†o îËÆœçC, Åçü¿’-éπE 10 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ late fee îÁLxç-î√Lq ´*açC.) ´’Sx lesson ¢Á·ü¿öx Ö†o Ææ綵«-≠æù ã≤ƒJ îª÷úøçúÕ: Mallesh: We should buy some gift for him. Hitesh: .... We shouldn't (should not) be late.

Ééπ\úø

'should'

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷ü∆lç. ÉC èπÿú≈ have to/ has to èπ◊ î√-™« ü¿í∫_®Ωí¬ Öçô’çC. DEéÀ 'be' form should be = Öçú≈L ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ;

You have to do it =

O’JC îËߪ÷L = You Ééπ\úø you have to do it èπ◊, you should do it éπØ√o force áèπ◊\´, Åçõ‰ ÉçéÌç-îÁç í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æpôç.

should do it.

M. SURESAN

Now practise the following in English: Prema:

´’†ç á°æ¤púø’ -•-ߪ’-©’-üË®√-L? Preethi: ÉçéÓ í∫çô™/ 9 í∫çô-©éπ-™«x ´’†ç airport Action word, should + 1st RDW (should go, ™ Öçú≈L. Passport, visa, Éûª®Ω docushould know, should do, etc.) = ¢Á∞ «xL, ments Åçû√ ready í¬ Öç-éÓ-¢√L. ¢√-∞¡Ÿx ûÁL-ߪ÷L/ ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L, îËߪ÷L, etc. Å®√n-©ûÓ) -Å-úøí∫ç-í¬ØË îª÷°œç-îª-í∫-©í¬L. should á°æ¤púø÷ ´’†ç Öçú≈-Lq† ÆæÈ®j† B®Ω’†’ Prema: ´‚úø’ Ø√©’í∫’ ´çü¿-© *©x-®Ω èπÿ-ú≈ Öçí∫’-Jç-*, ÆæJí¬ îËߪ÷Lq† °æEE í∫’-Jç-* éÓ-¢√L éπü∆. àüÁjØ√ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ®√´îª’a. ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’çC. Preethi: Airport entrance ticket é̆’-éÓ\-¢√-©-E O’ a) You should be here at 10 everyday. friends ûÓ îÁ§ƒpL †’´¤y. ¢√∞¡Ÿx lounge †’´¤y ®ÓW °æ-Cç-öÀéÀ -Ééπ\-úø -Öç-ú≈-L. ™ØË èπÿ®Óa-¢√L. b) He should understand that we are his well wishers.

Prema: OK. Answer:

´’†ç ÅûªE v¨ÏßÁ÷-Gµ-™«-≠æfl©-´’ØË N≠æߪ’ç Åûª†’ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ¢√L. c) You should refer to the dictionary when you are in doubt.

Prema: When have we to start? / When should we start? Preethi: In an hour from now. We have to be at

FÍé-üÁjØ√ ÆæçüË£æ«ç Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ Dictionary îª÷ú≈L. (îª÷úøôç ÆæÈ®j† °æE) E•ç-üµ¿-†© v°æ鬮Ωç ÆæÈ®j†D, é¬E-D ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’ π◊ πÿú≈ should ¢√úø-´îª’a.

the airport by 9. We have to have our

a) You should not drive at more than 20 kmph

Prema: We have to have / should have three

along this road.

(Ñ road ™ O’®Ω’ 20 éÀ-™O’-ô®Ωx ¢Ëí¬-Eo -N’ç-* -†-úø°æ®√-ü¿’.) (Kmph = KPH = Kilometres per hour) b) Passengers should be at the airport half an hour before the flight departure.

(N´÷†ç •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-ö«-EéÀ Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çü¿’ v°æߪ÷-ùÀèπ◊©’ airport ™ Öçú≈L.) flight = N´÷-†-ߪ÷†ç/ °æéÀ~ áí∫-®Ωôç, Departure = •ßª’-™‰l-®Ωôç

passport, visa and other documents ready. We should be able to show them when they ask for it. hundred to four hundred rupees in change in case of need. Preethi: You should tell your friends that they have to buy the airport entrance ticket. They have to sit all the time in the lounge. Prema: OK.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Vipula: Hi Klupta, what's new?

must 1) The application must be in the candidate's own handwriting = 2) No column must be blank =

°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™

(àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’?– ÉC É°æ¤púø’ ¶«í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™éÀ ´Ææ’h†o °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ ´÷ô) Klupta: O nothing. Just getting on.

(àç ™‰´¤. àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC) Vipula: Is your application for the job ready? (job Application ready Klupta: What's the hurry, Vipula? We have plenty of time, haven't we? time Plenty of = Vipula: What are you talking? Only four days are left, you know. You must hurry.

èπ◊ °æ秃-Lq† í¬ Öçü∆?) î˨»¢√?/

Æœü¿l¥ç

(àçöÀ ûÌçü¿®Ω? é¬-¢√-Lq-†çûª î√™«) éπü∆?

ÖçC,

¢√úÕ† Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ îª÷úøçúÕ Ææyü¿-Ææ÷h-J™ Öçú≈L

ë«Sí¬ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. ´’†ç ®√ߪ÷L. ïûª-°æ-®√aL. îË®√L. ´’†™ î√-™« ´’çCéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’ – must Åçõ‰ ûª°æpEÆæJÅE. Must be - be form = Öçú≈L; 3) We must write = 4) You must enclose = 5) must reach =

Must + 1st RDW - Action word (Must go, must write, etc,) = etc.) Lesson have to/ has to, should must must (must be) / (must + 1st RDW)

¢Á∞«xL, ®√ߪ÷L, ™ èπ◊ èπÿ î√-™« ü¿í∫_®Ω Ææç•çüµ¿ç ÖçC – Å®Ωnç™, †’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç™. °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ N°æ¤© E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, Åçõ‰ ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬ Öçú≈-Lq-†O îËߪ÷-Lq-†O ¢√úøôç í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. éÀçCN èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ. éÀçü¿öÀ

(àçöÀ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? Ééπ Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV™‰í¬ ÖçC?ûªy®Ω-°æ-ú≈L) left = N’T-LçC Klupta: Dad's going to fill it in tonight and it will be ready by tomorrow afternoon. application ready

(´÷ Ø√†o É¢√∞¡ ®√vA îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Í®°æ¤ ´’üµ∆u-£æ…o-E-éπ™«x Öçô’çC.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

°æ‹Jh í¬

a) Voters must show their ID cards to the polling Officers = Voters polling officers cards (ID cards = Identity cards) b) Students must get their own geometry box to the exam = Geometry box

èπ◊ ûª´’ í∫’Jhç°æ¤ îª÷§ƒL. (E•ç-üµ¿†)

103

-¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 27 -ï-†-´-J 2006

°æK-éπ~èπ◊ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ ¢√∞¡x ≤Òçûª ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L. (E•ç-üµ¿†)

Karthik:

´’†ç lab ™ 9 éπ™«x Öçú≈L. àN’öÀ Ç©Ææuç? úø•’s ready í¬ØË ÖçC-éπü∆? Sravan: Éçöx á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’. ´÷ Å´’t ´îËa-ü∆é¬ Çí¬L ؈’. ûª†’ ´îËaü∆é¬ Öçúø-´’E ´’K í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°œpçC. Karthik: ´’-†ç 9 éπ™«x lab ™ Öçú≈L, éπ*a-ûªçí¬. ؈’ ¢Á∞¡xØ√? Sravan: Åçûª -éπç-í¬-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? °æéπ\ØË ÖØ√oúø’í¬ ÅPyE. ¢√úÕ bike O’ü¿ ¢Á∞«lç. b) police officer: time ? Shopkeeper: 10.30 Police officer: 10.30 shop

É°æ¤púø’

Shopkeeper:

áçûª ü∆öÀçC. éπ™«x ´‚ÂÆ-ߪ÷u-©E -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü∆? ´‚ÂÆ-ߪ÷u-L- O’-J-°æ¤púø’. •ßª’ô showcase ÖçC. ü∆Eo -™°æ©Â°ö«dL.

You must finish the work Vipula: Klupta, don't talk like a child. Don't you know that the application must be in the candidate's own hand writing? It must be complete in with all particulars. No column must be blank. If a column does not apply to us, we must write in it, Does not apply / Not applicable' No dashes either. fill Application

(*†o-°œ-©x™« ´÷ö«x-úøèπ◊. O’ Ø√†o îËߪ’ôç (Eç°æôç) àN’öÀ? ŶµºuJn Ææyü¿-Ææ÷h-JûÓ Öçú≈L. ÅEo N´-®√-©ûÓ °æ‹Jhí¬ Öçú≈L. à column èπÿú≈ ë«Sí¬ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. ´’†èπ◊ ´Jhç-îªE column àüÁj-Ø√ Öçõ‰ Does not apply/ Not applicable ÅE ®√ߪ÷L. Dash ©’ ™«çöÀN èπÿú≈ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’.) Candidate (é¬uEf-úÁ-ß˝’ö¸ – é¬u, bank ™ b ™«í¬ é¬u ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) = ŶµºuJn particulars (°æöÀèπ◊u-©ñ¸ öÀ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç, r silent, *´J ñ¸, size ™ z ™«í∫) = N´-®√©’. blank = -ë«-S. Does not apply/ Not applicable = ´Jhç-îªü¿’. No... either = 'no' -ûÓ é¬F, not ûÓ é¬F also ¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’, No/ not either Åçö«ç. Column = 鬩ç = Application ™ ÅúÕÍí Å稻©’ – Åçü¿’èπ◊ ´’†ç ®√ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ÖüËl-Pç-*† ë«S Ææn©ç)

Klupta: I don't know how to fill in properly.

(´’J- Ø√èπ◊ ÆæJí¬ Eç°æôç ®√ü¿’. Properly = v§ƒ°æ-L = ÆæJí¬_) Vipula: Take your dad's help. Remember too that you must enclose all the certificates. The application must reach the office on or before the 31st January. fill certificates Application, office st Jan Certificate -

(O’ Ø√†o ≤ƒßª’çûÓ îÁß˝’. ÅEo ïûª-°æ-®√aL. Ç èπ◊, ™‰ü∆ Åç-ûªèπ◊´·çü¿’í¬-F îË®√L. 31 ÆæöÀ-°∂œ-Èé-ß˝’ö¸ – Èé ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) Klupta: I must hurry up. (Å®·ûË Øˆ’ ûªy®Ω°æ-ú≈L)

Spoken English

Varun: When will you be back, Kuber?

Police Officer: Even if the Governor comes, you must close shop by 10.30. Don't forget. game practice Infinitive lesto + Ist Regular Doing sons Word. eg: to go, to come, to know, etc,

É°æ¤púø’ Ñ *†o îËߪ’çúÕ. Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆– Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ™ N´-Jçî√ç– OöÀE ´‚úø’ Nüµ∆-©’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. 1) ¢Á∞¡xôç, ®√´ôç, ûÁ-L-ߪ’ôç/ ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç, ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. To go now will be the right thing

É°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡xôç ÆæÈ®jç-Cí¬ Öçô’çC. ¢Á∞«x-©E, ®√¢√-©E, ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©E ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ I want to go = ¢Á∞«x-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. 3) ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ, ®√´-ö«-EéÀ, ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ 2)

a) He is getting ready to go

¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ she is going out to buy a book

°æ¤Ææhéπç é̆-ö«-EéÀ ¢Á∞hçC. game. É™«çöÀ infinitives Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç* sentences form îËߪ’ôç – áEo îËߪ’-í∫-L-TûË ÅEo, áEo varieties Å®·ûË ÅEo – statements & É°æ¤púø’

questions, negative sentences (no/ not/ never dialogue form eg: 1) She wants to sing 2) To smoke is not good for health. ( smoke 3) She has came to borrow a book from me

ûÓ, O©-®·ûË

™.

§ƒú≈-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-öçC

Police officer:

(èπ◊¶‰®˝, á°æ¤púø’ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh¢˛?) Kuber: Only after 5. Till then I must be M. SURESAN at office. I must close the accounts before I leave office. office Office accounts close kuber, must duties (office

(5 í∫çô© ûª®√yûË. Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ™ØË ´C-™‰-´·çü¿’, Öçú≈L. èπÿú≈ îËߪ÷L) †’ ûª† Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ éπü∆? ™ Öçú≈Lq† Æ洒ߪ’ç, îËߪ÷-Lq† °æ†’©’ – É™«çöÀ Nüµ¿’©’/ duties) ÉN must èπ◊ -Ö†o È®çúÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç –

Must expresses duties. Udaya: May I go now Madam? Sandhya: No. You must stay here for another hour; understand? You must finish the work I have given you and then only leave.

(¢Á-∞Ôx-î√açúŒ?)

(™‰ü¿’. ÉçéÓ í∫çô Öçú≈L †’Ny-éπ\úø. ØËE-*a† °æE °æ‹JhîËÆœ† ûª®√yûË ¢Á∞«xL †’´¤y. -ûÁ-LÆœçü∆?) Ééπ\úø Sandhya ´÷ô©Fo commands/ orders = Çïc©’. Åçõ‰ ÇïcL-´y-ö«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ must ¢√úøû√ç. É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o must uses: 1) Rules (E•ç-üµ¿-†-©èπ◊) 2) duties (Nüµ¿’-©èπ◊) 3) commands/ orders (Çïc-©èπ◊) Now practice the following in English: a) Karthik: Sravan:

†’´¤y ready Ø√? •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ü∆´÷? é¬Ææh Çí∫’. ؈’ Ñ®Ó-V °∂‘V-éπ-ö«dL. Åçü¿’-éπE úø•’s ûÁa-èπ◊ç-ö«†’. Karthik: Í®°æ¤ éπôd-èπÿ-úøü¿÷? Sravan: Í®°æöÀ†’ç* ®ÓVèπ◊ Rs 10/- ïJ-´÷† éπö«dLq Öçô’çC.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

؈’ ´’Sx O’ shop 10.30 ûª®√yûª ûÁ®Ω* Öçúøôç îª÷úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’, ûÁL-Æœçü∆? Shopkeeper: ÉçéÓ police officer à¢Ó- éÌ-†-ú≈-EéÀ ´î√a®Ω’. ÅC é̆ôç °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u-ü∆é¬ shop ûÁJ-* -Öç-îª-´’E Çïc Éî√a®Ω’, sir. Police officer: Governor shop

´*aØ√ ®√vA 10.30èπ◊ éπõ„d-ߪ÷uL. ´’Ja-§Úèπ◊.

Answers: a) Karthik: Are you ready? Shall we start? Sravan: Wait I must pay the fees today. Let me get the money. Karthik: Why can't you pay tomorrow? Sravan: From tomorrow, we must pay a fine of Rs.10/- per day. Karthik: We must be at the lab by 9. What's the delay? You have the money. Sravan: No one is at home. I must/ have to wait till mother comes back. She has told me that I must wait till she is back. Karthik: We must be at the lab at 9. Shall I go? Sravan: Why are you so worried? Aswini is here. We can go on his bike. b) Police officer: What is the time now? Shopkeeper: Past 10.30 Police officer: Don't you know that you must close shop by 10.30? you must close it now. Shopkeeper: The showcase is outside. I must keep it in. Police officer: I must not see the shop open after 10.30 again; understand? Shopkeeper: Some other Police Officer came here to buy something. He ordered me to keep the shop open until his purchases are complete, sir. (Purchases =

é̆’-íÓ©’)

îËߪ’ôç Ç®Ó-í¬u-EéÀ ´’ç*Cé¬ü¿’)

(Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æ¤Ææhéπç BÆæ’éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ´*açC) 4) Where do you want to go now?

É°æ¤púø’ áéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤? 5) Vasanth: Which college do you want to join? Hemanth: I have come to consult you. Vasanth: To join our college will be the best. Hemanth: But to join your college will be expensive, won't it? game practice

É™«ç-öÀN Ñ

™

îËߪ’çúÕ.

-v°æ-¨¡o: †’-´¤y -´’®Ω-*-§Ú-û√-¢Ë-¢Á÷-†-E í∫’®Ω’h -îË-¨»-†’. 'Lest you should forget that I have reminded you' Lest should

Ñ ¢√éπuç ÆæÈ®j-†®√¢√-L -éπü∆? üËØ√? ´ÊÆ h i) ¢√úÕûÓ Øˆ’ îÁ§ƒpE îÁ°æ¤p Fèπ◊ Ç °æE-îËÆ œ °úø-û√úø’.ii) †’´¤y Å™« ņ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-´E Ø√èπ◊ ´·çüË ûÁ©’Ææ’. -O-öÀ-E ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? iii) old boy Åçõ‰ close friend ÅØË Å®Ωnç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? – ®√ñ¸- π◊-´÷®˝, ü¿Jz -ï-¢√-•’: 1. †’´¤y ´’Ja-§Ú-û√-¢Ë¢Á÷†E í∫’®Ω’h î˨»†’ – DEéÀ correct English - I have reminded you lest you (should) forget. 'That I have reminded you; 2. Start early lest you should be late

ûª°æ¤p

Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-™‰l®Ω’. 3. He carried an umbrella lest he (should) get drenched

ûªúÕ-Æœ-§Ú-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ íÌúø’í∫’ BÂÆ\-∞«xúø’. ™ îËߪ’-´îª’a. ™ èπÿú≈ BÊÆÆœ, ņ-´îª’a.

No 1, No 3 sentences should omit No. 2 should lest you be late Lest = so that not. i) Tell him it is from me. He will do it. (It is from me = ii) I knew that you would think so. iii) Close friend old boy correct,

؈’ îÁ§ƒp-†E îÁ°æ¤p)

†’,

ņôç

Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Subodh: Pramod, we must travel by some morning train to avoid hot sun. So let's have our tickets booked by an early morning train.

(´’†ç Öü¿-ߪ’ç-°æ‹ô train ™ ¢Á∞«xL, áçúø ûªí∫-©-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊. Åçü¿’-éπE ´’†ç §Òü¿’l-†-°æ‹ô train èπ◊ tickets book îË®·ç-èπ◊çü∆ç.)

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 29 -ï-†-´-J 2006

b) We must carry enough cash. cash

î√L-†çûª BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞«xL ´’†ç, (™‰èπ◊çõ‰ É•sçC °æúøû√ç)

c) If I want to avoid the queue, I must be there atleast by 8. (Q

™ E©-´-èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, ؈-éπ\úø 8 éπ™«x Öçú≈L)

d) I must check up with him and see that every thing is ready.

Pramod: And as it's going to be a long journey, we must carry enough cash with us as well. We must be careful about spending too, not at every place can we find an ATM of our bank.

(î√™« ü¿÷®Ω v°æߪ÷ùç 鬕öÀd ûªT-†çûª úø•’s èπÿú≈ BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞«xL. ÅC èπÿú≈ ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ ê®Ω’a °ö«dL. ÅEo-îÓö«x ´’† bank ATM Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a) (ATM = Automatic Teller Machine - Bank card

ûÓ úø•’s §Òçü¿-í∫© à®√pô’)

Subodh: We must carry food too. The food on the train is very expensive and not at

(ÅFo Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ÖØ√oßÁ÷ ™‰üÓ ¢√úÕûÓ ´÷ö«xúÕ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L) °j ¢√é¬u-©-Eoçöx èπÿú≈ must, necessity (Å´-Ææ®√Eo – Åçõ‰ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’© v§Úü¿s©ç´©x ´’†èπ◊ 鬴-©Æœ† N≠æ-ߪ÷©-†’, ´’†ç îËߪ’-´-©-Æœ-†N) ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª’çC. ´·êuçí¬ í∫´’-Eç-î√-LqçC: Have to/ has to, should, must-

Ñ ´‚úø’ èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬™x î√™« ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ ÖØ√o®· éπü∆. Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀF èπÿú≈ ´’†ç, Rules, duty, commands, necessity ©†’ express îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç.

all good.

(´’†ç A†-ú≈-EéÀ èπÿú≈ à¢Á’iØ√ BÆæ’Èé-∞«xL. Train ™ ǣ慮Ωç êKüË é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¶«í∫’çúøü¿’ èπÿú≈) Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ must ûÓ ´*a† expressions îª÷ü∆lç.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

1) Must expresses rules.

have to/ has to expresses command,

duty, necessity, etc., more powerfully than

á°æ¤púø÷ î√™« †í∫-©ûÓ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hç-ü∆¢Á’. ¶«í¬ Ö†o ¢√∞Îkx Öçú≈L. 2) I see prasanth's name on the book. It should be his.

should. Must

Ñ ´‚úÕçöx ÅEo-öÀ-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æ¤hçC, commands é¬F, duty é¬F, necessity é¬F, rules é¬F. 'Must' is stronger than have to/ has to or

-Ç •’é˙ O’ü¿ v°æ¨»çû˝ Ê°®Ω’çC. ÅC Åûª-EüÁj Öçú≈L. practice the following in English Kesav:

èπ◊´÷-®˝E ¢ÁçôØË Øˆ’ éπ©-¢√L. ÅûªúÕûÓ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-Lq† ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç äéπ-ô’çC. I should goGangadhar: Éçöx Öçú≈L°æ¤púø-ûª†’ ´’J. Å®Ω-í∫çô ؈’ ¢Á∞«xL; éÀçü¿õ‰ ؈’ phone îËÊÆh îÁ§ƒpúø’ ûªØÁ-éπ\-úÕéà ¢Á∞¡xôç ™‰ü¿E DØËo ÉçéÌçîÁç í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰– I have to goKesav: Å®·ûË Øˆ’ ¢ÁçôØË ¢Á∞«xL. †’´‹y ´≤ƒh¢√? Éçé¬ í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰– I must go. Gangadhar: ´÷ ÇNúø ûª††’ áéπ\-úÕéÓ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡xÉO should, have to/ has to, must èπ◊ ÖçúË ´’çC. ØË¢Á-∞«xL ¢ÁçôØË. ÇNúø Ø√éÓÆæç ûËú≈©’. wait îËÆæ÷h Öçô’çC ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. should.

We must be careful

Must travel, must carry, must be careful.

-É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o

104

鬕öÀd

must Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’. (E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-

ûª’çC) Candidates must report for the interview at 9 AM on 2nd Feb 2006. (2nd Feb 2006

interview

èπ◊

£æ…ï®Ω’ 鬢√L) 2) Must expresses commands must

(Çïc-L-´y-ö«-EéÀ

¢√úøû√ç)

(O’JC ´’Sx îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’) 3) Must expresses duty. I must be at office until 5.

(âCçöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ؈’ office ™ Öçú≈L) ´’Sx °j Ææ綵«-≠æù îªCN must Ö†o expressions í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. a) We must carry enough cash. cash

a) You should be punctual punctual b) He should not talk like that

train

í¬ Öçú≈L– Öçúøôç ´’ç*C).

(Åûª-†™« ´÷ö«x-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’– Å™« ´÷ö«x-úø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçõ‰ ´’ç*C) should éπØ√o, have to/ has to, force áèπ◊\´. éÌçîÁç í∫öÀdí¬ command É´y-ö«-EéÀ, Nüµ∆-ߪ’éπç ÅE îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÃ, E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ éÌçîÁç force ûÓ ûÁ©-°æö«-EéÀ have to/ has to ¢√úøû√ç. a) I have to take my sister to the hospital (more powerful than, 'I should take')... b) He has to do whatever I want him to do

BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞«xL. î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç

BÆæ’Èé-∞«xL ´’†ç

b) We must travel by some morning train.

´’†ç §Òü¿’l†

should

should

(†’´¤y

You must not do it again.

î√L-†çûª

Oô-Eoç-öÀ™ mild (ûªèπ◊\´ force). ´·êuçí¬ àC îËÊÆh ÆæJ, àC é¬ü¿’ ņ-ö«EéÀ áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç. Å®·ûË

®ÓV Ŷµºu-®Ω’n-©’

™ ¢Á∞«xL.

c) We must be careful.

ØËØËC ¢√úÕo îÁߪ’u-´’ç--ö«ØÓ ¢√úøC îÁߪ÷u-LqçüË.

´’†ç ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L. °j ´‚úø’ ¢√é¬u™x must, necessity (Å´-Ææ-®√Eo) ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC éπü∆? Åçõ‰ ´’†ç É•sçC °æúø-èπ◊çú≈, ´’†èπ◊ îÁúø’ ï®Ω-í∫-èπ◊çú≈ ´’† Å´-Ææ-®√Eo ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ must ¢√úøû√ç. a) We must hurry or we'll miss the beginning of the movie.

´’†ç ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ning miss Å´¤û√ç.

movie begin-

c) They have to finish the work by the evening

(≤ƒßª’ç-vû√-E-éπ™«x ¢√-∞«} °æE °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ÷-LqçüË). b), c) ™ should ¢√úø-´îª’a have to/ has to èπ◊ •ü¿’©’. Å®·ûË have to/ has to Åçûª force ®√ü¿’. d) He has made mistakes and has to face the consequences.

(ûª°æ¤p©’ î˨»úø’ 鬕öÀd °∂æLûªç ņ’-¶µº-Nç-î√-LqçüË).

-v°æ-¨¡o: Learn èπ◊ past ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ È®çúø’ learned, learnt ÅE ÖØ√o®·. Å™«Íí past èπÿú≈. Å®·ûË she learnt english ÅØ√™«? She learned english ÅØ√™«? Å™«Íí passive voice ™ English was learned ņ-´î√a? English was learnt ÅØË ÅØ√™«? Å™«Íí burnt, burned, dreamt, dreamed © í∫’-Jç-< N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. – á. éπ%≠æg-U-û√-®Ω’b†, Eúø-ü¿-¢Ó©’ -ï-¢√-•’: Learned, learnt- past tense éπ®·Ø√, past participle éπ®·Ø√ OöÀ È®çúÕöx àüÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a – ÅFo äéπõ‰, passive ™ èπÿú≈. ÅüË Nüµ¿çí¬, burned, burnt, dreamt, dreamed N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ àüÁjØ√, à voice ™ØÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. Å®·ûË learned E ¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æœ† (àüÁjØ√ subject) ÅØË Å®Ωnç™ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤úø’, learned (pronunciation - ™„Eú˛ – ™„ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç.

For commands, duties, necessity and rules. must have to/ has to should stronger strongest least than form strong should Commands, rules must Must

Å®·ûË ¢ÁçôØË ¢Á∞¡Ÿx. ¶µ«®Ωu© N≠æߪ÷™x ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L ´’†ç. Gangadhar: †’´¤y ņ’-¶µº´çûÓ îÁ•’ûª’-ç-ú≈-L (´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç: ™«çöÀN áçûª ûªèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úÕûË Åçûª Kesav: Ok. Ok. ؈’ M. SURESAN îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o. ´’K í∫öÀdí¬ Çñ«c-°œç-îªôç, ´’çü¿-Lç´’ç*C. îªôç Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÅC ´’†ç àüÓ ´’† ÇCµ-éπu-ûª†’, Answer: ÅCµ-é¬-®√Eo îª÷°œç--èπ◊-†oô’d Å´¤-ûª’çC. ≤ƒ´÷- Kesav: I must / have to meet kumar urgently. †uçí¬ Çñ«c-°œç-îªôç, E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω-îªôç There is an important matter I have to Å®·ûË shall, should ©ûÓ ÇT-§Ú-´ôç good talk to him about./ I have to talk to him manners. Must, manners ûÁL-Æ œ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx Çïc-©èπ◊ about something important. î√--™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Duty, necessity ûÁ©-°æ- Gangadhar: He must be at home now. A shortö«-EéÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd àüÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a). while ago I called him and he told Should, must-

-Ñ È®ç-úÕ-ç-öÀ-F ´’†ç éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁ©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. Åçõ‰ ÉN perhaps (•£æ›-¨¡) èπ◊ opposite. Pramod: Any idea where Praful is?

(v°æ°∂椙¸ áéπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ à¢Á’iØ√ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) Manoj:

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

He must be at home. He is expecting some guests. guests

(ÉçöxØË Öçú≈L ´’J. á´®Ó éÓÆæç áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’) Pramod: Who are the guests? (á´®Ω’ guests?) Manoj:

participles

Spoken English

Kesav:

His cousins from the states on a short visit to India. cousins - India

(Å¢Á’-J-鬙 Ö†o -ÅûªE -´î√a®Ω’. éÌCl ®ÓV--©’ç-ö«®Ω’)

èπ◊

Pramod: That should keep him busy for another two days then.

(Åçü¿’-´©x Åûªúø’ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV©’ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ busy í¬ Öçö«úø’) Ééπ\úø

must be at home, should keep him

busy-

É´Fo èπÿú≈ ´’†ç éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-C/ -Öç-ô’çC ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©èπ◊. ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©èπ◊ must, should ¢√úøû√ç. 1) See her always with a lot of jewellry on. She must be quite rich.

me he wouldn't be going anywhere. Kesav: Then I must rush. Are you coming with me? Gangadhar: My wife wanted me to take her somewhere. I must go home at once, she must be waiting for me. Kesav: Then go. We must be careful about things connected with them. Gangadhar: You must be speaking from experience. Kesav: Ok. Ok. I'm going.

Ñ≤ƒJ Ñ game practice îËߪ’çúÕ. éÀçü¿öÀ≤ƒJ É*a† game ™ infinitive practice î˨»-®Ω’-í∫ü∆. Ñ≤ƒJ sentence ™ verb èπ◊, infinitive èπÿ ´’üµ¿u me, us, you, him, her, it, them °öÀd practice îËߪ’çúÕ. eg: a) I want you to go; b) She wants him to sing c) What do you want me to do? d) Dad doesn't want me to waste time. practice sentences

É™«ç-öÀN îËÆœ áEo îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Sravan: Hi Pavan, how was the movie yesterday? ( movie Pavan: Not very good, but not so bad either.

E†o

ᙫ ÖçC?)

(Åçûª ¶«í¬-™‰ü¿’, Åçûª îÁúø’í¬ ™‰ü¿’) Sravan: (Do) you suggest that I see it? suggest = Pavan: I leave it to you. leave it to you =

One of all time greats: All time great -

Ñ ´÷ô á°æ¤púø÷ íÌ°æp-¢√-∞¡Ÿx-í¬ / -íÌ-°æp-Ní¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îË¢√∞¡Ÿx/ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îËN ÅE Å®Ωnç. a) Sankarabharanam is an all time great. b) Tendulkar is an all time great. all time great meaning and use. hall Was showing:

ÅD

(îª÷úø-´’ç-ö«¢√?

Ææ÷*ç-îªôç)

(ÅC F É≠ædç Ææ’hØ√o. F É≠ædç)

FéÌ-C-™‰-

Sravan: The other day, I happened to watch an old English movie. 'The ten commandments' on the TV. A real good movie - one of the all time greats. TV English movie, 'The ten commandments movie.

(¢Á·ØÁo-°æ¤púÓ äéπ ®ÓV†

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 31 -ï-†-´-J 2006

*vûªç -äéπ (í∫ûªç™)

Kranthi:

The movie is excellent. You must see it. I feel like seeing it a second time. Prasanth: Where is it showing?

Pavan: Why didn't you tell me?

(Ø√Èéç-ü¿’èπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’?) Sravan: I didn't know myself that it was showing. I just turned on HBO channel and there it was. HBO channel movie Pavan: Was it very good?

It is showing in Chitramahal.

(ÅC *vûª-´’-£æ«-™¸™ Çúø’-ûÓçC) ™ Çúøôç =

theatre showing Last week it was showing in Chitradarsini. I don't know where it is showing now. Some other movie is showing in Chitradarsini.

*vûªç -äéπ

best sequence in the movie .

(Ç *vûªç™ ÅC Öûªh´’ ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç)

(ÅC áéπ\úø Çúø’-ûÓçC?) Kranthi:

™ §ƒûª

îª÷¨»†’. Eïçí¬ íÌ°æp á°æp-öÀéà íÌ°æp¢Ë ņ’-èπ◊ØË ¢√öÀ™x -Å-üÌéπöÀ. (All time great - á°æ¤púø÷ íÌ°æp)

™ -Çúø’-ûª÷çC

(í∫ûª ¢√®Ωç ÅC *vûª-ü¿-Jz-E™ Ç-úÕç-C.É°æ¤úø’ áéπ\úø Çúø’-ûª’çüÓ ûÁMü¿’. *vûª-ü¿-Jz-E™ ÉçÍéüÓ movie Çúø’-ûÓç-C-°æ¤púø’)

b) Most of the shots in the movie were shot in Kashmir ( ✓ Role= = part. a) SV Rangarao could act any role with ease (SV (with ease) b) His is the most important role in the movie ( act a role = do a role = take on a role ( a) Nageswara Rao acted the role of Narada in Bhukailas \ Nageswara Rao did the role of Narada .

Ç *vûªç™ î√-™« ÆæEo-¢Ë-¨»©’ é¬Qt-®˝™ B¨»®Ω’ -§ƒ--vûª ®Ωçí¬-®√´¤ à §ƒvûª-ØÁjØ√ Ææ’Ø√-ߪ÷-Ææçí¬ †öÀçîª-LÍí-¢√úø’)

Ç *vûªç™ Åûª-EC ÅA ´·êu-¢Á’i† §ƒvûª) äé𠧃vûª™ †öÀç-îªôç)

(Ø√èπ◊ ûÁMü¿’ ÅC -´-≤Úhç-ü¿-E Ü-JÍé A§ƒp†’. Ñ éπE-°œç-*çC)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

(î√™« ¶«í∫’çü∆?)

105

(Ø√Íí-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤ Ø√®Ωü¿’úÕ §ƒvûª ¢Ë¨»®Ω’)

Answers: Sruthi: Hi Laya, weren't you (were you not) at home yesterday? Laya: No, I went to a movie. I had not going better to do. (I went to a movie, having - nothing better to do.) Sruthi: Which movie, and where is it showing? Laya: Premaku Kallu Levu. At Chitrajyothi. Sruthi: Was it good? Laya: My God! What a bore (it was)! Sruthi: Who were the actors? \ What was the cast? Laya: The movie featured a big cast./ The actors were all great./ The cast included all great actors. Sruthi: How did they act?/ How did they do?/ How did they perform?/ How was their

Sravan: You can say that again and again.

(´’Sx-´’Sx -îÁ§Òpa. Ç ´÷ô.) It ran to packed houses for weeks together those days Houseful

(Ç ®ÓV™x ¢√®√© ûª®Ω-•úÕ †úÕ-*çC)

Tendulkar is an all time great

í¬

Pavan: Who were the cast?

(û√®Ω-™„-´®Ω’?) Sravan: The movie features Charlton Heston as Moses and Yul Brynner as the Pharaoh. Charlton Heston, Pharaoh (Moses Yul Brynner MosesPharaoh Egyptian-

í¬

í¬ ¢Á÷ñ‰Æˇ; ´Jh)

†öÀç-î√®Ω’. §∂ƒ®Ó

îªvéπ-

Pavan: Any special feature of it? movie Sravan: The cleavage of the sea. It's a grand shot. I have yet to see such a shot in any movie. It looked as though the sea really parted by a path. That's the highlight of the movie. Shot

(Ç

™ àçöÀ -v°æ-ûËuéπ-ûª?)

(Ææ´·vü¿ç <©ôç – Å™«çöÀ †’ ؈’ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ à ÆœE-´÷-™†÷ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’. Eïç-í¬ØË Ææ´·vü¿ç È®çúø’-§ƒ--ߪ’© ´’üµ¿u ü∆Í®-®ΩpúÕ†ô’d îª÷°œç-î√®Ω’. Ç movie-™ v°æ-üµ∆-† Çéπ-®Ω{ù ÅüË.)

Pavan: can we get a CD of it? CD Sravan: Definitely

(ü∆E

üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’çü∆?) (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈) Ñ Ææ綵«≠æù©çû√ ÆœE´÷ í∫’JçîË éπü∆. Ñ lesson™ movie èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† vocabulary (°æü¿-ñ«©ç) ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ü∆´÷ ? -´·ç-ü¿’ -Ñ ´÷ô©’ îª÷úøçúÕ; movie, TVéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†N.

1. Movie 2. Watch a movie on the TV 3. One of all time greats 4. Was showing 5. turned on 6. ran to packed houses 7. cast 8. featured 9. shot 10. highlight English movie. Cinema English cinema hall, hall The cinema English film That cinema is good hall

´÷´‚-©’í¬ îª©-†-*vûªç -Åç-õ‰ ™ Åçõ‰ ™ Ç ™ Åçõ‰ -†-*vûª°æJÇúË *vûªç é¬ü¿’. ™ ÅE èπÿú≈ ņv¨¡´’. -†-*-vû√Eo Åçõ‰ Ç ÆœE´÷ ´îª’a. ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿ØË é¬F, Åçü¿’™ Çúø’-ûª’†o *vûªç ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿E é¬ü¿’. See / watch a movie = movie îª÷úøôç. (Å®·ûË am seeing / is seeing / are seeing a movie ņç. Am+ing / is+ing / are + ing ¢√ú≈Lq ´ÊÆh am watching / is watching / are watching a movie ņôç correct) TV™ = on the TV. We are watching an interesting programme on the TV. (in the TV é¬ü¿’)

Spoken English

Ran to packed houses: Houseful Packed house = houseful Run to packed houses = houseful ✓ movie run ✓ movie The movie has run for the past four weeks.

í¬ ÇúÕçC.

b) He acted the role well ( ✓ Live a role = ✓ Do justice to a role = ✓ Comic role = ✓ Tragic role = ✓ Perform = ✓ He performed well = His performance as Sri Rama deserves all praise.

performance?

Ç §ƒvûª™ Çߪ’† ¶«í¬ †öÀç-î√úø’) Laya: They couldn't §ƒvûª ™  @Nçî ª ô ç act well./They í¬ †úø-´úøç. §ƒvûª è π ◊ Ø√uߪ ’ ç îË è π ÿ ® Ω a ôç didn't do well. Çúø-ö«Eo ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç. £æ … Ææ u §ƒvûª , Sruthi: So I need not Ç É°æpöÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ 4 ¢√®√©’ ÇúÕçC. ü¿’”ê-§ƒvûª see it. E®Ωy£œ«ç-îª-úøç Ñ≤ƒJ Ñ game ÇúøçúÕ. M. SURESAN ✓ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ 100 ®ÓV©’ Çúø’-ûª’çC = Çߪ’† ¶«í¬ †öÀç-î√úø’. I know what to do. It will certainly run for a hundred days. ✓ movie Åçü¿Ko Çéπ-J{ç-îË-ü¿-®·ûË– (ØËØËç îËߪ÷™ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’) Ééπ\úø O’®Ω’ îËߪ÷-LqçIt's a big draw. ü¿ ™«x ÉüË †´‚-Ø√™ O’®Ω’ îÁ°æp-í∫-L_-†Eo sentences (X®√-´·-úÕí¬ Çߪ’† †ô† ¢Á’a-éÓ-ûª-í∫_C.) a) This movie will be a big draw îÁ ° æp-í∫-©_úøç. Variety èπÿú≈ Öçú≈L. Åçõ‰, no ûÓ†÷, ✓ (Deserve = Å®Ω|ûª éπLT Öçúøôç. (Ñ movie Åçü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æ-ú≈h®Ω’/ ÅC Åçü¿Ko questions, dialogue form èπÿú≈ ®√¢√L. Å®Ωnç corHe deserves an award Çéπ-J{-Ææ’hçC.) rect í¬ Öçú≈L. (Çߪ’† •£æ›-´’-AéÀ Å®Ω’|úø’) (It will run to packed houses) eg: a) Hema forgot how to open the box ✓ Comedy = Ææ’ë«ç-ûª-¢Á’i-†/-£æ…-Ææu-v°æ-üµ∆-†-¢Á’i-† éπü∑¿ b) *vûªç™ àüÁjØ√ ã ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç î√-™« -íÌ-°æp-ü¿-®·ûË, ÅC (box ᙫ ûÁ®Ω-¢√™ Ê£«´’ ´’Ja-§Ú-®·çC) /movie / Ø√ôéπç èπÿú≈ big draw ØË. b) She did not know where to sit ✓ Tragedy = ü¿’”ë«ç-ûª-¢Á’i† Ø√ô-éπç/-*-vûªç/-éπü∑¿ The chariot race in Benhur is a big draw (áéπ\úø èπÿ®Óa-¢√™ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ûÁM-™‰ü¿’) a) Missamma is a comedy (Benhur ™ ®Ωü∑∆© °æçüÁç ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç ´·êu Çéπ-®Ω{ù.) c) Do you know when to start? b) Devadasu is a tragedy ✓ Movie™ ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç = sequence (Æ‘ÈéyØ˛q) Big (á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) Comic role = £æ…Ææu §ƒvûª; draw, high light ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé Å®Ωnç éπ©-N = ´·êuÑ sentence pattern í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Tragic role = ü¿’”ê-°æ‹-J- §ƒvûª Ç-éπ-®Ω{ù. a) Brahmanandam is known for his comic roles Sub. ûª®√yûª verb, Ç ûª®√yûª 'Wh' Word, Ç ûª®√yûª ✓ caste = û√®√-í∫ùç, movie /drama™. (£æ…Ææu-§ƒ-vûª-©èπ◊ -v•£æ…t-†ç-ü¿ç v°æÆ œ-Cl¥-§Òç-ü∆úø’) infinitive éπü∆. Ñ dialogue èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ. a) 'Danaveera Sura karna' casts Rama Rao in the roles of Duryodhana, Krishna and Karna.

(ü∆†-O-®Ω-¨¡⁄-®Ω-éπ-®Ωg™ ®√´÷-®√´¤ -ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-†, éπ%-≠æ-g, éπ®Ω’gúÕí¬ ´‚úø’ §ƒvûª-™x †öÀç-î√úø’) b) He is cast as a villain in the movie ( movie villain c) The cast of the movie has chitrakumar as hero and chitrasri as the heroine (

Ç

™ ÅûªEC

(N©Ø˛) §ƒvûª)

Ç *vûªç-™ -*-vûªèπ◊-´÷®˝ £‘«®Óí¬, -*-vûª-vQ -£‘«®Ó®·-Ø˛í¬ -†-öÀç-î√®Ω’) d) Feature ÅØ√o èπÿú≈ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅüË.

b) Some artists are suitable for tragic roles ( comedian

éÌçü¿®Ω’ †ô’©’ ü¿’”ê-§ƒ-vûª©’ ¶«í¬ îË≤ƒh®Ω’.) £æ…Ææu-†-ô’úø’ = (éπO’-úÕ-ߪ’-Ø˛–'-O’—-ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç Relangi was a great comedian comedienne

£æ…Ææu-†öÀ = (éπN’-úŒ-ߪ’Ø˛), úŒ, O’ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©-é¬L.

Practice the following in English. Sruthi: Hi Laya,

†’´¤y E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Éçöx

™‰¢√? ™‰†’. àçîË-ߪ÷™ ûÓîªéπ Movie Èé∞«x†’ à áéπ\-ú≈-úø’-ûÓçC? vÊ°´’èπ ◊ éπ ∞ ¡ Ÿx ™‰´¤. *vûª-ñ u-A™. 'E†’o ؈’ °∞«x-ú≈†’— *vûªç™ †õ‰≠ˇ, ÅGµ-ØËvA ¶«í∫ ’ çü∆? v°æüµ∆†§ƒvûª, v°æüµ∆† §ƒvûªüµ∆®Ω’©’. áçûª bore éÌöÀdçüÓ? ™ é¬F Ø√ô-éπç™ é¬E.) †ô’-™„-´®Ω’? íÌ°æp-†-ô’™‰ ÖØ√o®Ω’. é¬F movie àç ¶«í¬Ç *vûªç™ û√®Ω-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ íÌ°æp-¢√∞Ïx.) ™‰ü¿’. Åûª†’ Ç ™ ã *†o-§ƒ-vûª™ éπEp-≤ƒhúø’.) Sruthi: ¢√∞Îx™« î˨»®Ω’? Laya: ¢√∞¡⁄x à´’çûª íÌ°æpí¬ †öÀç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’. *vûªç™ ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç = Sruthi: Å®·ûË Øˆ’ îª÷úø-éπ\-®Ω-™‰-ü¿-†o-´÷ô.

a) The movie, Ninnu Nenu Pelladanu features Natesh and Abhinetri in the lead roles ( Lead role = movie b) The movie features all great actors ( c) The movie features him in a minor role ( movie ✓ Shot = sequence. a) That's the best shot in the movie=That's the

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

Laya = Sruthi: movie, Laya: Sruthi: Laya: My God, Sruthi: Laya:

Prem: Do you remember when to start?

(á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™ ñ«c°æéπç Öçü∆?) Syam: I do, but you did not tell me where to go.

(ûÁ©’Ææ’. é¬F áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«x™ †’´¤y îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.) É™« Ñ game practice îËÆœ áEo sentences ®√ߪ’í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ. -v°æ-¨¡o-: éπÈ®-Fq -ØÓ-ôx-O’-ü¿ -

'I PROMiSE TO PAY THE BEARER THE SUM OF TWENTY RUPEES'

Å-E -Öç-ô’ç-C.-D-E -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ? -áÆˇ.-á-¢˛’.-úÕ. -É®√p¥-Ø˛, -†ç-ü∆u©- -ï-¢√-•’.- Currency notes O’ü¿ Ç sentence ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ÅC à N©’-´-™‰E ´÷´‚©’ é¬Tûª¢Ë’ Å´¤-ûª’çC. Currency notes ñ«K-îË-ÊÆC Reserve Bank of India. ü∆E ÅCµ-é¬J Governor of Reserve Bank of India. Ç ÅCµ-é¬J ´’†-éÀîËa £æ…O’ßË’ Ç sentence - Ñ é¬Tûªç- Ö-†o á´-J-ÈéjØ√ (bearer) ؈’ ®Ω÷. 20/– (™‰éπ-§ÚûË ÉçÈéç-ûª-®·Ø√) îÁLx-≤ƒh-†E.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Priya: Hi Divya, We really enjoyed the movie yesterday, didn't we? movie enjoy Divya: Certainly. Chitrasri's performance as the heroine was really superb. Heroine Heroine Superb: Priya: The movie will be a runaway success.

(E†o

Eïçí¬

î˨»ç, éπü∆?)

(Eïç-í¬ØË í¬ *vûªX †ô† Åü¿’s¥ûªç) £«®Ó-®·Ø˛– £« ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç Ææ÷u°æ¶¸ – °æ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. (Ñ *vûªç ¶«í¬ Nï-ߪ’-´çûªç Å´¤-ûª’çC)

Divya: It can't be otherwise with that kind of story line, brilliant action and clever direction

(Å™«çöÀ éπü∑¿, ´’ç* †ô†, ûÁL¢Áj† ü¿®Ωz-éπûªyçûÓ ÅC ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ ™‰ü¿’) Priya: The main characters brought out the talent of the lead pair.

(´·êu-¢Á’i† §ƒvûª©’ v°æüµ∆† ïçô v°æA-¶µº†’ ¢ÁL-éÀ-ûÁ-î√a®·) Character: é¬u®Ωéπd – é¬ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç; é¬, ¶«uçé˙™ ¶«u ™«í¬ = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç – Q©ç/ í∫’ù-í∫-ù«©’/ Ææy¶µ«´ç. é¬F Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç– ã éπü∑¿™, Ø√ô-éπç™ ÆœE-´÷™ §ƒvûª. Lead Pair = v°æ´·ê ïçô – ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ éπü∑¿™/ Ø√ô-éπç™/ *vûªç™ Ø√ߪ’-é¬-Ø√-®·-éπ©’. Divya: They have been a hit pair - chitrakumar and chitrasri. Their combination has been successful. hero, heroine hit.

(¢√R}-ü¿lJ – *vûª-èπ◊-´÷®˝, *vûªX ïçô – í¬ Â°ü¿l ¢√∞¡xC Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i† ïçô Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊)

Priya: They are teaming up again in the next movie 'premikulugane vundam'

(®√¶-ûª’†o *vûªç 'vÊ°N’-èπ◊-©’-í¬ØË Öçü∆ç—™ èπÿú≈ ¢√∞¡Ÿx éπLÆœ †öÀÆæ’hØ√o®Ω’) Divya: They show themselves at their best when they are cast opposite each other

(¢√∞¡Ÿx ïçôí¬ / Ø√ߪ’-é¬-Ø√-®·-éπ-©’í¬ †öÀÊÆh ¢√∞¡x v°æA¶µº î√™« ¶«í¬ îª÷°œ-≤ƒh®Ω’)

c) No one has the formula to make a movie a runaway success -

ã *vû√Eo ņ÷-£æ«u-K-A™ ÅA ûªy®Ωí¬ Nï-ߪ’´çûªç îËߪ’-í∫© Ææ÷vû√©’ á´-J-´ü∆l ™‰´¤. Formula Ææ÷vûªç. Flop, Runaway success èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπç. 3) Story line

éπü∑∆ ÆæçN-üµ∆†ç – ã *vûªç éπü∑¿†’ ü¿®Ωz-èπ◊úø’ îª÷°œçîË B®Ω’. DEÍé ÉçéÓ-´÷ô Plot a) His movies have the same basic story but the story line differs

ÉC Çߪ’† ¢Á·ü¿öÀ flop à¢Á÷? Åûª-úÕ-éÀ -É*a† §ƒvûªèπ◊ Åûªúø’ suit Å´-úøE Ø√ ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç. team up. b) The movie failed because of its weak story Srikanth: Çߪ’† à §ƒvûª-ÈéjØ√ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√úø’, à The three boys teamed up to decorate the line §ƒvûª®·Ø√ Ææ’Ø√-ߪ÷-Ææçí¬ îËߪ’-í∫-©úø’. room éπü∑¿™/ éπü∑∆ ÆæçN-üµ∆-†ç™ °æô’d™‰éπ-§Ú-´-úøç -´-™‰x Ç í∫CE Å©ç-éπ-Jç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´·í∫’_®Ω’ äéπ ïô’dí¬ b) Vinitha: Hi Sunitha, E†o ؈’ TV™ 'àN’öà ÅC N°∂æ-©-¢Á’içC. N*vûªç— îª÷¨»†’. áçûª ¶«í∫’çüÓ! à®Ωp-ú≈f®Ω’. c) Weak story line is the cause of most 8) Cast opposite: äéπ †öÀ (≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ heroine) Sunitha: ؈C á°æ¤púÓ îª÷¨»†’. §Ú®·† ØÁ© failures ņ’-èπ◊çö«, ¢Ájñ«-í˚™. äéπ †ô’úÕ (hero) Ææ®Ω-Ææ† †öÀÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’ they are î√™« *vû√©’ °æô’-d™‰E éπü∑¿ ´©x üÁ•s-Aç-ô’Vinitha: î√™« ¶«í∫’çC éπü∆. Åçü¿’™ hero, cast opposite each other Åçö«ç. Ø√o®·. heroine © Ê°Í®xçöÀ? ¢√Rx-ü¿l-Jéà ¢Á·ü¿öÀ a) Vikram is cast opposite Sada/ Sada is cast *vûªç ņ’-èπ◊çö«. opposite Vikram/ Vikram and Sada are Sunitha: Å´¤†’. ¢√∞¡x ¢Á·ü¿öÀ Å´-é¬-¨¡ç-™ ØË ´’ç* cast opposite each other in Aparichitudu v°æA¶µº éπ†-•-®Ω-î√®Ω’. Å°æ-J-*-ûª’-úÕ™ Vikram, Ææü∆ Ææ®Ω-Ææ†/ Ææü∆, Vinitha: É°æ ¤púø’ ¢√Rx-ü¿l®Ω÷ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ *vû√™x Nvéπ¢˛’ Ææ®Ω-Ææ† / Nvéπ¢˛’, Ææü∆ äéπJ Ææ®Ω-Ææ† äéπ®Ω’ ´·êu ïçôí¬ -†-öÀÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 106 †öÀç-î√®Ω’. ÅûªúÕ *vû√© ´‚©-éπü∑¿ äéπõ‰, é¬F éπü∑∆ ÆæçN-üµ∆†¢Ë’ ûËú≈

d) The movie flopped/ flopped at the box office/ The movie was a flop, because of its thin story line

ü∆E •©-£‘«† éπü∑¿/ éπü∑∆ ÆæçN-üµ∆†ç ´©x Ç *vûªç üÁ•s-AçC. Thin èπ◊ Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç weak ÅE. ü∆E ÅÆæ©’ Å®Ωnç– Ææ†oE/ °æ©aE. 4) Character: éπü∑¿™ / Ø√ô-éπç™/ *vûªç™ §ƒvûª. Ç¢Á’ ÆœF-®Ωçí∫ç v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç FéÓ-Ææ¢Ë’ *vûªçûÓØË o ´’†ç role ÅE-í¬F part ÅE-í¬F ņ-´îª’a. ņ’-èπ◊çö«, Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ à *vûªç èπÿú≈ N°∂æ-©- a)DØËNTR played the character/ role/ part of ´’-´y-™‰ü¿’) Karna in the drama Her action in "Aunantara, Kadantara?" is Ç Ø√ô-éπç™ NTR éπ®Ω’gúÕ §ƒvûª ¢Ë¨»úø’/ †öÀç-î√úø’. really memorable b) One of the main characters in the movie is (å†ç-ö«®√, é¬ü¿ç-ö«®√? *vûªç™ Ç¢Á’ †ô† Lord Venkateshwara played by Suman ´’®Ω-°æ¤-®√-EC) Ç *vûªç™ ´·êu-¢Á’i† §ƒvûª™x äéπöÀ Suman Divya: Ok. I must be going Priya. Meet you †öÀç*† ¢Ëçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y-®Ω-≤ƒyN’ §ƒvûª. tomorrow. Bye c) He played his part well (ØË ¢Á∞«xL. Í®°æ¤ éπ©’-≤ƒh†’. Bye) ÅûªúÕ §ƒvûª†’ Åûªúø’ ¶«í¬ †öÀç-î√úø’. Priya: Bye Play ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Å®·ûË Çúøôç, Ééπ\úø †öÀç-îªúøç. éÀçü¿öÀ Lesson ™ -†-*-vû√-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´÷ô©’ î√™« îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo 5) lead pair= ´·êu-ïçô– Ø√ߪ’é¬ Ø√®·-éπ©’. (the hero and the heroine) îª÷ü∆lç. É´Fo ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ a) NTR and Anjali Devi are the lead pair in ¢√úø’-ûª÷çõ‰ Conversational English î√™« Lavakusa ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. ÉN îª÷úøçúÕ. ©´-èπ◊¨¡ *vûªç™ ¢√Rx-ü¿l-JD ´·êu-¢Á’i† ïçô 1. Superb 2. A runaway success 3. storyline Åü¿’s¥ûªç/ Å¢Á÷°∂æ’ç = àüÁj-Ø√-ÆæÍ® – 鬴a, ã íÌ°æp °æ¤Ææhéπç 鬴a, äéπJ †ô†/ véÃúø/ äéπ®Ω’ ≤ƒCµç-*çC – É¢Ë-¢ÁjØ√ ÆæÍ® Åü¿’s¥-ûªçí¬ Öçõ‰ Superb Åçö«ç. a) It is a superb hattrick by Irfan Pathan = hattrick. Hattrick

É®√p¥Ø˛ °æ®∏√-Ø˛C Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i† Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆ – ´‚úø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x ´®Ω-Ææí¬ Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCµÊÆh, ´·êuçí¬ véÃúø™x, ÅD äÍé Player Å®·ûË, hat-trick Åçö«ç.

b) The movie is superb= c) Tendulkar's was a superb century Century 2) A runaway success

ÅûªúÕ

®Ωï-F-é¬çû˝, ñuAéπ Ç *vûªç™ v°æüµ∆† §ƒvûªüµ∆-®Ω’©’, ïçôí¬. c) They have proved a hit pair

Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i† ïçô. 6) Hit pair

*vû√-EéÀ Nïߪ’ç îËèπÿÍ®a/ Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†/ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊© ÅGµ-´÷†ç §ÒçC† ïçô (´÷´‚-©’í¬ hero, heroine §ƒvûª™ x) a) They make a hit pair

ïûª éπ©-´ôç, ïçôí¬ †öÀç-îªúøç– ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬

ûªyJ-ûª-¢Á’i† Nïߪ’ç a) The movie was a runaway success.

Ç *vûªç Núø’-ü¿-™„j† ¢ÁçôØË Nïߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’içC. b) Missamma was a runaway success.

hero, heroine. a) They are teaming up again in the next movie

®√†’†o *vûªç™ ´’Sx ¢√Rx-ü¿l®Ω’ éπLÆœ †öÀ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.

N’Ææq´’t ÅA ûªy®Ωí¬ Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’içC Ü£œ«ç-îªE KA™.

b) Surya and Asin are cast opposite each other

¢√∞¡Ÿx äéπJ Ææ®Ω-Ææ† äéπ®Ω’ †öÀ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. 9) Debut: ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-Jí¬ ÆæGµ-èπ◊© ´·çü¿’ Ø√ôuç îËߪ’úøç/ ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ- M. SURESAN ≤ƒ-Jí¬ *vû√™x †öÀçîªôç/ ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒ-Jí¬ ®Ωçí∫-v°æ-¢Ë¨¡ç (¨»Æ‘Yߪ’ †%ûªu Ææçv°æü∆-ߪ’ç™ DEo Ç®Ωç-Íívôç Åçö«ç) Debut- pronunciation - úÁß˝’•÷u – úÁ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒ-Jí¬ ®Ωçí∫-v°æ-¢Ë¨¡ç îËߪ’ôç Make a debut/ Have a debut. a) She made her debut in this movie.

-É-C Ç¢Á’ ûÌL-*vûªç. Ñ *vûªç™ Ç¢Á’ ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-Jí¬ †öÀç-*çC. b) His debut wasn't very successful

ÅûªúÕ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ †ô† Åçûª Nï-ߪ’-´çûªç 鬙‰ü¿’. ´·êuçí¬ Ø√ôuç, Ø√ôéπç ™«çöÀ éπ∞¡© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ØË áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. äéÓ\-≤ƒJ N’í∫û√ ®Ωçí¬-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.


Debut


He made his debut in politics in 1999 1999

™ Çߪ’† ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’-®Ωçí∫ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç î˨»®Ω’.

Now Practise the following in English:

7) Teaming up

Åü¿’s¥ûªç.

Spoken English

(Hero, heroine). b) The lead pair in the movie is Rajanikanth and Jyothika

¢√Rx-ü¿l-JD Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i† ïçô. Åçõ‰ ¢√∞¡Ÿx †öÀç-*† *vû√-©Fo hits ÅE.

Ç *vûªç î√™« íÌ°æpí¬ ÖçC.

Team up: äéπ movie N≠æ-ߪ’ç-™ ØË é¬èπ◊çú≈, à °æE îËߪ’-ö«-E-ÈéjØ√ éÌçûª-´’çC éπLÊÆh, They

Yasvanth:

He made his debut in..

Priya: I think she made her debut in nee kosame. She hasn't had a failure in her career (

4. characters 5. lead pair 6. hit pair 7. teaming up 8. cast opposite 9. debut 1) superb= Movie

-í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 2 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

b) They have teamed up again

´’Sx ¢√∞Ïx éπLÆœ †öÀ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

a) Yasvanth: Hi Srikanth, heroine

F favourite hero, © ïçô Ñ≤ƒJ Åçûª Nïߪ’-´çûªç 鬙‰üËç? Srikanth: Ç éπü∑¿™  °æô ’d-™‰ü¿’. ¢√∞¡Ÿx ¶«í¬ØË †öÀç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆? Yasvanth: †’´¤y ¢√∞¡x ÅGµ-´÷-EN éπü∆. Åçûª-éπçõ‰ à´’ç-ö«´¤? Srikanth: †’¢Ëy- ¢Á ’iØ√ îÁ°æ¤p, ¢√-R}-ü¿l®Ω’ éπ-LÆœ †öÀç-î√®Ω’ 鬕öÀd Ç ´÷vûª-¢Á’iØ√ ÖçC Ç *vûªç. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ °æ‹Jhí¬ üÁ•s-A-ØËüË. Yasvanth: ¢√∞¡x †ô† ´™‰x *vûªç üÁ•s-Aç-ü¿-E -Åç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Srikanth: ØËØÌ-°æ¤p-éÓ†’. ¢√-∞¡x-C Nï-ߪ ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á ’i† ïçô. ¢√∞¡x í∫ûª *vûªç ņ÷-£æ«u-¢Á’i† Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCµç-*çCéπü∆? Ç hero ®Ωçí∫-v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç îËÆœ-†-°æp-öÀ-†’ç* flop ÅØËC ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆?

Sunitha:

´·êuçí¬ Ç heroine ´’ç* †öÀí¬ í∫’Jhç°æ¤ ûÁa-èπ◊çC.

Answers: a) Yasvanth: Your favourite lead pair has not been very successful this time, has it? Srikanth: The movie has a weak story line. They have acted well. Yasvanth: You are their fan. What else can you say? Srikanth: Whatever you say- the movie is atleast that good because they have acted in it. Otherwise it would have been an utter flop. (utter = Yasvanth: The movie is a flop because of their action. That's what people say. Srikanth: I don't agree. They are a hit pair. Their last movie was a runaway success. The hero hasn't had a failure since his debut. Yasvanth: This might be his first flop. I feel that he doesn't suit the role/ the character. Srikanth: He suits any role. He can do any role with ease. b) Vinitha: Hi Sunitha, yesterday I watched the movie, 'Emitivichitram' on the TV. What a movie it is! / How good it is! Sunitha: I saw it long ago. I think it was last month, in Vizag. Vinitha: Isn't it good? What are the names of the lead pair, I think they made their debut in the movie. Sunitha: Yes. Even in their debut they displayed their talent. (Display = Vinitha: They are acting as the lead pair in two or three movies. Sunitha: The heroine especially has won recognition as a good actor/actress.

°æ‹Jh)

v°æü¿-Jzç-îªôç)

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Hemanth: Hi Vasanth, I didn't see you the whole of yesterday. What was wrong?

We celebrate Deepavali every year in the month of Kartheekam.

Vasanth: The Deepavali effect you know. We enjoyed the festival the day before Yesterday. We were so tired yesterday. We were resting almost the whole of yesterday.Fortunately yesterday was a Sunday.

Charlie (over phone from the US): Hello Sampath, this is Charlie from the states. How are you? ( ,

-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 4 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

v°æ-A Ææç-´-ûªq®Ωç é¬-K-héπ-´÷Ææç-™ -D-§ƒ-´-S -ï®Ω’°æ¤èπ◊ç-ö«ç. àçöÀ E†oçû√ †’´¤y éπ†°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’. àçöÀ Festival†’ enjoy èπÿú≈ îË≤ƒhç – We enjoy a fesN≠æߪ’ç? tival.

Éü¿çû√ D§ƒ-´R v°æ¶µ«´ç. ¢Á·†oçû√ °æç-úøí∫ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÌ-ØË-Ææ-JéÀ E†oçû√ ÅL-Æœ§Úߪ÷ç. ü∆ü∆°æ¤ E†oçû√ °æúø’-èπ◊ØË ÖØ√oç. Åü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª÷h E†o ÇC-¢√®Ωç. Hemanth: So you celebrated it with all enthusiasm. We did too, but we were off the fireworks by about 10. We were in bed by 10.30pm

Åçûª Öû√q-£æ«çí¬ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-èπ◊-Ø√o-®Ω-†o-´÷ô. ¢Ë’´‚ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-èπ◊Ø√oç. é¬F ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’ 鬩aúøç 10 í∫çô-©Íé ÇÊ°¨»ç. 10.30 éπ-™«x °æúø’-èπ◊Ø√oç. Enthusiasm - ÉØ˛ü∑¿÷uÆœ-ߪ÷ï¢˛’. ü∑¿÷u ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. *´®Ω 'ï— size ™ z™«í¬, = Öû√q£æ«ç. fireworks = ¶«-ùÆæçî√/ ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’ Vasanth: We were enjoying the fireworks till almost eleven. Dad was liberal this time. We let off Rs. 800/-work of crackers sparklers this time. 11

´®Ωèπÿ 鬩’-Ææ÷hØË ÖØ√oç. ´÷ Ø√†o Ñ≤ƒJ úø•’s©’ ¶«í¬ØË Éî√a®Ω’. 800 ®Ω÷§ƒßª’© ¶«ù-Ææçî√ 鬙«aç worth - ´û˝ (bird ™«í¬)= -N-©’´ Ö†o. crackers = vé¬éπñ ¸ = Ê°™‰ ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’, sparklers = ≤ƒpéπxñ ¸ = ¢ÁL-ÍíN (´’û√-•’©’, é¬éπ®Ω °æ¤¢Ìy-ûª’h©’ etc) let off = ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’ 鬩aôç = Let off fire

works) Hemanth: So it was a grand affair after all. Some how I feel spending so much on fire works is a waste

¢Á·ûªhç-O’ü¿ î√™« Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úø’-°æ¤-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’ .affair, Å°∂–°∂ ØÌèπ◊\û√ç = N≠æߪ’ç. Vasanth: It's just once a year. A few hundred rupees shouldn't matter much.

Ææç´-ûªq-®√-EéÀ äéπ-≤ƒJ éπü∆. ã È®çúø’ ´‚úÌç-ü¿©’ Åçûª Ææ´’Ææu èπÿú≈ é¬üË)

£æ«-™ Ææç-°æ-û˝ ؈’ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ †’ç* îµ√M ´÷-ö«xúø’-ûª’Ø√o. -á-™« -Ö-Ø√o-´¤?)

Sampath: Fine, Charlie, thank you, how are you? ( Charlie: Same here, thank you. Can we have a chat over the net ? Matter of 20 to 30 minutes ( 20, 30 Sampath: Sorry, Charlie. It is morning here you know. I am very busy celebrating Sri Ramanavami. (

Lord Rama.

°æ‹ï îËÆœ X®√-´·úÕo éÌ©’≤ƒhç. É∞¡x™x, í∫’∞¡x™x, Oüµ¿’-©-èπÿ-úø-∞¡x™x èπÿú≈. -v°æ-ûËuéπ -´ç-¶«í∫’-Ø√o-†’ -îµ√-M.- -üµ¿-†u-¢√-ü∆-©’. -F-´¤ -á-™« -Ö-Ø√o-´¤? ) ôé¬-©-ûÓ -¶µ-ï-†ç -îË≤ƒhç.´-úø°æ°æ¤p, -§ƒ-†éπç -X®√-´·-úÕéÀ -ØÁj-¢Ë-ü¿uç °--úø-û√ç. Pandal = °æçCJ Éç-ô®˝-ØÁ-ö¸™ ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç- putup = à®√pô’ îËߪ’-ôç/-E-Jtç-îªôç as well = èπÿú≈ EN’-≥ƒ©’ °æôd-´îª’a.) ü∆´÷? (Green gram = °Ææ©’/°Ææ-®Ω-°æ°æ¤p (´úø-°æ°æ¤p) jaggery = ¶„©xç offering = ØÁj¢Ëü¿uç ≤ƒ-K..X®√-´’-†-´N’ ÂÆ-©-v¶‰-ö¸ - feast = Nçü¿’ / °æç-úøí∫ ¶µï†ç

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

107

îËÆæ’èπ◊çô÷ ؈’ î√™« -G-@í¬ ÖØ√o É°æ¤p-úÕ-éπ\úø Öü¿ßª’ç.) Charlie: What's Sri Ramanavami, sampy? What's its significance?

Deepavali, Chavithi, Christmas vals.

Vinayaka Ramzon, festi-

É´Fo

In a mood to celebrate = in a celebration mood = Pakistan was in a mood to celebrate = Pakistan was in a celebration mood

¢Ëúø’-éπí¬ -ï-JÊ° ´’†-ÆœnA.

§ƒéÀ-≤ƒhØ˛ ¢Ëúø’-éπ (¢√∞¡x Nï-ߪ÷Eo) ï®Ω’-°æ¤-èπ◊ØË ™ ÖçC.

mood ❏ Let's not stop him. He is in a celebration mood

Vasanth: Well, we all had new clothes. Told you, dad was quite liberal this time. He was in a mood to celebrate. He let us buy whatever clothes we liked, and sister had the greatest luck. She had a pair of ear rings.

-Å-ûª-úø’ Ææç•-®Ωç™ ÖØ√oúø’. ¢√úÕE ǧÒü¿’l. Ê°©aôç = -ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’© ´Ah = ´Ah ¢ÁL-Tç-îªôç) Ê°©ôç =

Sparklers, crackers Let off fireworks fuse ( Light the fuse = explode / blow/ go of = (with a loud sound/noise) Explode blow = 'go off' = Feast = Dishes = Chat over the net = significance = Significance of a festival = festivities a) The festivities of Dasara last for 9 days

Åçü¿®Ωç éÌûªh •ôd©’ é̆’-èπ◊\Ø√oç. îÁ§ƒp†’í¬ ´÷Ø√†o î√™« Öü∆-®Ωçí¬ ÖØ√o®Ω’. ¢Ë’ç -É-≠d°æ æ-úÕ-† -•-ôd-©-Fo -BÆæ’éÌ-î√a®Ω’. °æçúøí∫ mood ™ ÖØ√o®Ω’. Åçü¿-J-éπçõ‰ ´÷ îÁLx Åü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’-®√©’. éπ´’t© ïûª ´*açC ûª†èπ◊.

°ü¿l-°ü¿l Ê°©’-∞¡xèπ◊ ¢√-úøû√ç. Ê°©’∞¡ x ´©x ÅßË’u üµ¿yçÆæç. êuç -à-N’-öÀ?) ô§ƒé¬-ߪ’-©èπ◊ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC. Sampath: It's an important festival for us in Nçü¿’ (≤ƒ´‚-£œ«-éπçí¬) °æç-úøí∫ Nçü¿’ India. We celebrate the birth of lord ´çô-鬩’/ §ƒvûª©’ SriRama on the occasion. ØÁ-ö¸ Ææ綵«-≠æù Hemanth: We had new clothes too and of (ÉçúÕ-ߪ÷™ ÉC î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ÆœTo-°∂œ-ÈéØ˛q v§ƒ´·êuç = course the feast too. Mom prepared °æçúøí∫. X®√-´·úÕ °æ¤öÀd† ®ÓV†’ °æç-úøí∫ v§ƒ´·êuç. wonderful dishes and delicious °æçúøí∫í¬ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-èπ◊çö«ç) °æ ç úø í ∫ Ææ ç •® √©’ = sweets. Occasion = ÅÍé-ß˝’-ïØ˛–Íé ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©é¬-L. ¢Ë’´‚ éÌûªh •ôd©’ ûÁa-èπ◊Ø√oç. °æçúøí∫ -ï, vision ™ ïØ˛-™«í∫ = Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç. ü¿Ææ®√ Ææç•-®√©’ 9 ®ÓV©’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·. ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ ´÷ Å´’t ´’ç* ´çô-鬩’, Charlie: How do you celebrate it? b) The Festivities are keeping us busy ᙫ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-û√®Ω’? ®Ω’*-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Æ‘y-ö¸q èπÿú≈ îËÆœçC. °æçúøí∫ ¢Ëúø’-éπ-©’ -´’-†-Lo -G-@í¬ -Öç--û√®·. Feast °æçúøí∫ ¶µï†ç/ Nçü¿’. Sampath: We offer worship to Lord Sri Rama °æçúøí∫ Öû√q£æ«ç = The enthusiasm for a fesdishes = úÕ≠œñ ¸ (ñ¸–size ™- z ™«) by performing Pooja. We do it at

a festival.

í∫ûª àú≈C ÅC •’üµ¿-¢√®Ωç ´*açC. Now Practise the following: a) Sunil: Anil:

áéπ\-úÕoç* ´Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤, ÅE™¸? X®√-´’-†-´N’ °æçCJ †’ç*. Åéπ\úø üË´¤úÕ Å©éπ®Ω-ù î√© ¶«í∫’çC. Sunil: Å®·ûË Øˆ’ èπÿú≈ ¢ÁR} îª÷úøØ√? Anil: Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ àç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤? Sunil: Éçöx °æ‹ï É°æ¤úË Å®·çC. é¬Ææh ´úø-°æ°æ¤p, Charlie: Well, have a happy time, then call you §ƒ†éπç BÆæ’\ç-ü¿’´¤ ®√. later. Anil: ÆæÍ®. Ç ûª®√yûª †’´¤y °æçCJ †’ç* ÉçöÀ(Å®·ûË ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ í∫úø’°æ¤.´’Sx -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îË≤ƒh.) °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ùçû√ °æçúøí∫© í∫’-Jç-îË -éπü∆. DEéÀ Ææç•ç- Sunil: Èé-ã∞ÏÍéx°.æ¤úø’ ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ®√. Cµç-*† éÌEo expressions í∫’-Jç-* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. b) °æçúøí∫ = festival

(-X®√-´’-†-´-N’ -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? -ü∆-E -v§ƒ--´·- °æçúøí∫ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-´ôç = celebrate a festival. We enjoy a festival=´’†ç °æç-úø-í∫†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ï®Ω’-°æ¤- M. SURESAN èπ◊çö«ç. ¶«-ù-Ææçî√=fireworks. Ê°™‰ ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’ = crackers; ¢ÁLÍí ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’= sparklers

á´J ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷©’ ¢√∞¡xN. N’í∫û√ N≠æߪ÷© Ææçí∫A àçöÃ? Opinion- ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç. differ - ¶µ‰C-≤ƒh®·.

Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù °æçúøí∫ í∫’-Jç-* éπü∆. °æç-úø-í∫© Ææçü¿®Ωs¥çí¬ ¢√úË expressions éÌEo ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç Ñ≤ƒJ. Festival = °æçúøí∫, °æçúøí∫ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-´ôç = celebrate

b) Last year it fell on a Wednesday

Have a happy time...

Hemanth: Opinions differ. Well what about the other things?

Vasanth: That's good.

Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç °æç-úøí∫ ÇC¢√ç Å´¤-ûª’çC/ÇC-¢√®Ωç ®ÓV†.

home and in temples too. We do it special pandals put up at street corners as well.Then we eat a good feast too with special dishes. Greengram soaked in water and jaggery water are the offerings to

tival

❏ We celebrated Deepavali with enthusiasm

¢Ë’ç D§ƒ-´R Öû√q-£æ«çûÓ í∫úø’-°æ¤-èπ◊Ø√oç. ❏ °æçúøí∫ äéπ ®ÓV-®√-´úøç The festival is / falls on a day. a) This year the festival falls on a Sunday/ is on a Sunday.

Prem: Syam:

àçöÀ? F îÁ®·u-Íé-´’-®·çC? E†o ô§ƒ-é¬-ߪ’©’ Ê°™‰a-ô-°æ¤úø’ äéπöÀ Ø√ îËA™ØË Ê°LçC. ü∆E ´Ah î√© §ÒöÀdí¬ ÖçC. Prem: îË®· ¶«í¬ é¬Lçü∆? Syam: Å®Ω-îË®·, È®çúø’ ¢Ë∞¡Ÿx -¶«í¬ é¬-™«®·. -ú≈éπd®˝ ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé∞Ïh éπô’d éπö«dúø’. Prem: ¶«í¬ ¶«üµ¿í¬ Öçü∆? Syam: Åç-ûªí¬ ™‰ü¿’. Prem: èπ◊úÕ îË®· éπü∆. °æçúøí∫ Nçü¿’ à™« AØ√o´¤? Syam: Ç ¶«üµ¿™  Å´-Fo ´’Ja-§Úߪ÷.ÉçöÀ-éÌ-îËa-ÆæJéÀ ®√vA 12 Å®·çC. Answers: a) Sunil: Where are you coming from Anil? Anil: From the Sri Ramanavami pandal. The decorations are really beautiful. Sunil: Shall I go and see too. Anil: What have you been doing so far? Sunil: We have just finished the puja at home, come in and have some vadapappu and panakam. Anil: Ok. On your way back from the pandal come to my home. Sunil: Ok b) Prem: Hi Syam, What is wrong with your hand? Syam: While letting off crackers yesterday, one of them went off in my hand. It had a short fuse. Prem: Are the burns very bad? (burns =

é¬L†

í¬ßª÷©’) Syam: The palm and two fingures. Doctor bandaged / dressed the injuries. Prem: Is it paining a lot? Syam: Not so bad now. Prem: It's your right hand. How could you eat? Syam: I forgot all that in the pain by the time I came back home it was 12 midnight.

≤Úpéπ-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.- URL: http://www.eenadu.net/ spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Navya: Hi Sreya, any idea when we are starting for the picnic spot tomorrow?

(Í®°æ¤ ´’† Picnic îÓô’-Èé-°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™ à´’Ø√o idea Öçü∆?) Spot = îÓô’ Sreya: None, dear. Divya must be able to tell us. She is making the arrangements.

(ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. C´u ´’†èπ◊ îÁ°æp-í∫-©ü¿’. ûªØË à®√pô’x îË≤ÚhçC éπü∆) Navya: I called her home. Her mom told me she was out. Must be busy with arrangements.

(¢√∞¡x ÉçöÀéÀ Phone î˨»†’. •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-Rxç-ü¿E ¢√∞¡x´’t îÁ°œpçC. ¶«í¬ busyí¬ Öçúø’ç-ú≈L ´’J) Sreya: Let's ring up Kavya. Divya is taking kavya's help. So Kavya should be knowing about Divya. She should be able to tell us where Divya is. Phone

(´’†ç 鬴uèπ◊ îËü∆lç. C´u, 鬴u Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-öçC. 鬕öÀd C´u í∫’Jç* 鬴uèπ◊ ûÁLÆæ’ç-úÌa. C´u í∫’Jç* é¬-¢Ëu îÁ°æp-í∫-©í¬L.)

2) Kashmir must be quite cold now

É°æ¤púø’ é¬Qt®˝ ¶«í¬ îªLí¬ Öçú≈L. (ÉC èπÿú≈ Bhavan éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æߪ’ç) 3) He should be on the way

-Å-ûªúø’ ü∆J™ Öçú≈L. (ÉC éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æߪ’ç.) É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x must, should ¢√úøû√ç. Ñ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x have to/ has to ¢√úøç. É°æ¤púø’ Ñ lesson ™E ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ dialogue ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ îª÷úøçúÕ. Åçü¿’™ must ûÓ, should ûÓ Ö†o expressions.

ÅßË’u

time

(°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ á´-JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Á÷ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L. Å®·ûË É°æ¤púø’ †ØËoç-îË-ߪ’-´’ç-ö«´¤?)

1) Divya must be able to tell us. 2) Must be busy with arrangements.

Meghana: I want to apologize to him. Won't you come with me?

3) Should be knowing. 4) Should be able to tell us.

OöÀ™x (1), (2) ´’†ç éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®·. (3), (4) äéπ®Ω’çúË °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’™x ¢√∞¡x †’ç* ´’†ç ÇPçîË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®· éπü∆. ÉD must èπ◊,should èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç.

Navya: Kavya should know at least the time of starting. (Start

-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 6 -°∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 108

Å®·Ø√ 鬴uèπ◊ ûÁL-Ææ’ç-

ú≈L)

(ØËØ√-ߪ’-†èπ◊ éπ~´÷-°æù îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o†’. †’´¤y Ø√ûÓ ®√¢√? Apologize = ŧÒ-©-ñ„jñ ¸– §Ò ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. *´®Ω 'ñ¸— size ™ Z ™«í∫ – Å®Ωnç– éπ~´÷-°æù éÓ®Ωôç Apology = ŧÚ-©> = éπ~´÷-°æù) Maithri:

(Sympathy = Sympathize with = size Z =

Æœç°æA. 'Æœç— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = Æœç°æ-ûÁjñ ¸– ñ¸ ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A. ™ ™«í∫. ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A îª÷°æôç. innocent Ɇ-Ææçö¸– É ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-™„j†).

c) You ought not to talk to your father like that

O’ Ø√†oûÓ Å™« ´÷ö«x-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’ †’´¤y (ÆæÈ®j† v°æ´-®Ωh† é¬ü¿’) NOW PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN ENGLISH: Prabha: Hi Subha, file no. 10

áéπ\-úø’çC? ¨Ïê-®Ωo-úø’í∫’. Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÁL-ߪ÷L. E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÅC Çߪ’† table O’ü¿ ÖçC. Prabha: ¨Ïê®˝ áéπ\úø? (ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«lç °æü¿. ؈’ ´’Sx ¢ÁçôØË Subha: 5 EN’-≥ƒ© véÀûªç Manager í∫C-™éÀ ¢Á∞«xúø’. ¢Á†éÀ\ ®√¢√L, ´÷ Å´’t†’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËçÅéπ \úË Öçú≈L ´’J. ü¿’èπ◊– Ç¢Á’ äçöx ¶«í¬ ™‰ü¿’.)

Let's hurry then. I ought to be back soon. None to attend on my sick mother.

Subha:

Sreya: That's right. Let's ring her up.

(éπÈ®Íéd

Phone

îËü∆lç Öçúø’)

Navya: Let's wait. They will call us and tell us. We must be there for the picnic after all.

(é¬Ææh Çí∫’ü∆ç. ¢√∞Ïx ´’†èπ◊ Phone îËÆœ îÁ§ƒh®Ω’. picnic ïJ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’†ç Öçú≈L éπü∆.)

We ought toers respect elda) Bharat: Why did India lose the match? (India

Sreya: OK. I must be going. Bye.

(ØË ¢Á∞«xL ´’J.

áçü¿’èπ◊ ãúÕ-§Ú-®·çC?)

Lakshman: Ask Dravid about it. He is the captain. He must know.

Bye)

Navya: Bye

í∫ûª éÌEo lessons ™ must, should Å®√n©’, Ö°æßÁ÷-í¬©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oç-í∫ü∆. ¢√öÀE ã≤ƒJ Ææçví∫£æ«çí¬ í∫´’-Eü∆lç. Must, have to/ has to, should1)

Ñ ´‚úø’ èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç™ ¢√úø’-éπ™ î√™« ü¿í∫_®Ωí¬ Öçö«®·. 2) ´‚úø’ èπÿú≈ commands (Çïc©’), duty (NCµ), necessity (Å´-Ææ®Ωç), Obligation †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. warnings (£«îªa-Jéπ)©†’ èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. 3) Must, should ´’†ç éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’†o, ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç. Bhavan: Hi Sravan, When are you leaving for Kashmir?

(F¢Á-°æ¤púø’ é¬Qt-®Ω’èπ◊ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?) Sravan: The coming Friday.

(´îËa ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√®Ωç) Bhavan: That's just two days off. You must be busy making arrangements because you are going to be there for a few weeks. Kashmir must be quite cold now. Carry enough warm clothing. Pavan is also joining you, isn't he?

(Éçéπ È®çúø’-®Ó-V™‰. à®√pôxûÓ î√™« busy í¬ Öçúø’ç-ö«´¤ éπ*a-ûªçí¬; éÌEo ¢√®√-©’ç-úø¶-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. é¬Qt®Ω’ ¶«í¬ îªLí¬ Öçú≈-L°æ¤púø’. Pavan èπÿú≈ FûÓ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’ éπü∆?) (Carry enough warm clothing = î√L†Eo ¢ÁîªaöÀ •ôd©’ BÆæ’-Èé∞¡Ÿx.)

(Ç N≠æߪ’ç vü∆N-ú˛†’ Åúø’í∫’. Çߪ’† captain éπü∆. Çߪ’-†Íé ûÁL-ߪ÷L.) Åçõ‰ Dravid, captain 鬕öÀd, ãôN’éÀ 鬮Ωù«©’ Çߪ’-†’oç* ÇPç-îªúøç Kumar: How is the financial position of India?

(¶µ«®Ωû˝ financial position = ÇJnéπ °æJ-ÆœnA ᙫ Öçü¿ç-ö«´¤?) Saradhi: How do I know? The finance minister should be able to tell you.

(Ø√Íéç ûÁ©’Ææ’. -Fèπ◊ Ç N≠æߪ’ç Finance îÁ°æp-í∫-©-úø’) É™«çöÀ uses have to/ has to èπ◊ ™‰´¤. Minister

Maithri:

Hi Meghana, what brings you here?

(àçöÀ-™«-´-î√a´¤?) (F ≤ƒßª’ç 鬢√L.) Regarding? (üËE N≠æߪ’ç)

Meghana: I wasn't very polite to our lecturer yesterday. I am sure my words hurt him

(E†o ´’† lecturer °æôx ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ v°æ´Jhç-îª-™‰ü¿’. Ø√ ´÷ô©’ Çߪ’Eo éπ*aûªçí¬ í¬ßª’-°æ-J-î√-ߪ’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. hurt = í¬ßª’-°æ-®Ω-îªôç. Maithri:

Prabha:

ü∆ØÓx §Ú®·-†-¢√®Ωç Å´’t-鬩 N´-®√©’Ø√o®· éπü∆? Subha: Fèπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ÷L ÅC. Å´’t-鬩 N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ îª÷ÊÆC †’¢Ëy éπü∆? Prabha: àçöÀ Åçûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ ÖØ√o´¤? Subha: Office °æF, ÉçöÀ °æF ¶«í¬ Å©-Ææô éπL-T-Ææ’hØ√o®·. M. SURESAN Prabha: î√™« Weak í¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. ¢ÁçôØË a) ought to be ('be' form) = Öçú≈L doctor E îª÷ú≈L †’´¤y. F Ç®Óí∫uç b) ought to go, ought to respect, ought to N≠æߪ’ç™ ñ«ví∫ûªh BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L éπü∆? O’ know- ought to + 1st RDW- action word= Çߪ’† ÉçöÀ °æE™ éÌçûª ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ÷L ¢Á∞«xL, íı®Ω-Nç-î√L, ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L, etc. éπü∆? Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ must, should, have to/ has to ©èπ◊ Subha: Çߪ’-†èπ◊ office °æØË ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC. ought to Ææ´÷-†¢Ë’. Å®·ûË ought to ņo-°æ¤púø’ Prabha: Doctor ü¿í∫_-®Ω-éπ-®·Ø√ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«xL éπü∆? Çïc©’, E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, Nüµ¿’©’, Å´-Ææ-®√-©-´©x é¬èπ◊çú≈ Subha: É¢√∞¡ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«h-†-Ø√o®Ω’. ´’†ç FA v°æ鬮Ωç Öçúø-´-©-Æœ† ÆœnA, îËߪ’-´-©-Æœ† °æ†’©’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. Åçõ‰ ØÁjAé𠶫üµ¿u-ûª©’ (Moral ANSWER: obligations).

Meghana: I need your help. Maithri:

Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ought to ¢√ú≈ç-éπü∆. Ought to ÅØ√o èπÿú≈, must, should ™«í¬ØË, Öçú≈L, îËߪ÷L ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆. Å®·ûË éÌçûª ûËú≈– î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ûËú≈ ÖçC. ´·çü¿’ Å®Ωnç îª÷ü∆lç–

Meghana, not the first time for you to be rude to elders.

(°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x-°æôx Å´’-®√u-ü¿í¬ Öçúøôç FéÀüËç ¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJ é¬ü¿’ éπü∆.) You ought to know manners. (Fèπ◊ manners ûÁL-ߪ÷L/ †’´¤y manners ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L.)

°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™

ought to

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç* îª÷úøçúÕ:

1) You ought to know manners

†’´¤y manners ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. (ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË ´’†-™„o-´®Ω÷ PéÀ~ç-Ω’– é¬F ûÁ©’-Ææ’éÓ-´ôç ´’† ØÁjAé𠶫üµ¿uûª.) 2) I ought to be careful how I talk to elders

°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L. (v°æ´-®ΩhØ√ ¶«üµ¿uûª) 3) We ought to remember who we are talking to

á´-JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Á÷ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L. (v°æ´-®ΩhØ√ ¶«üµ¿uûª) 4) I ought to be back early to attend on my sick mother

ï•’sûÓ Ö†o ´÷ Å´’t†’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ûªy®Ωí¬ AJT ®√¢√L. (Ø√ ØÁjAéπ NCµ/ ¶«üµ¿uûª) Meghana: Yes, I ought to be careful how I talk Sravan: Yes, He should be on the way because ÉC ought to èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç, ´’Sx to elders. I ought to respect elders. he has to be here this evening. îª ÷úøçúÕ. (Å´¤†’. °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ (Å´¤†’. Ñ ≤ƒßª’ç-vû√Eéπ™«x Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈L ؈’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L. °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x†’ íı®Ω- a) °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x†’ íı®Ω-Nç-î√L 鬕öÀd Åûªúø’ ü∆J™ Öçúø’ç-ú≈L.) You ought to respect elders. Nç-î√L.) Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ Must be, should be ûÓ b) Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-©†’ ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷-AûÓ îª÷ú≈L. Maithri: We ought to remember who we talk Expressions í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. You ought to sympathize with innocent peoto when we talk to elders. So what 1) You must be busy = †’´¤y busyí¬ Öçú≈L. do you want me to do now? ple.) (Bhavan éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æߪ’ç)

Spoken English

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

Prabha: Hi Subha, any idea where file no. 10 is?/ Do you know where file no. 10 is?/ Where is file no 10? Subha: Ask Sekhar about it. He should know / must know. The file was on his table last evening. Prabha: Where is Sekhar? Subha: He went to the manager's room 5 minutes ago. He must be there now. Prabha: Why are you so weak? Subha: The work at office and at home is very tiring/ is tiring me. Prabha: You look very weak/ run down. You ought to see a doctor immediately. You ought to take care of your health. Your husband ought to help you in the work at home. Subha: His office work takes his whole time. Prabha: He ought to take you atleast to the doctor. Subha: He said he would take me today.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Dinakar:

Where did you buy those fruits yes-

-•’-üµ¿-¢√®Ωç 8 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

b) She doesn't need any body's help

terday? They were quite fresh and

Ç¢Á’Èé´J ≤ƒßª’ç Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’

sweet.

X She needs every body's help

(E†o Ç °æçúø’x áéπ\úø éÌØ√o´¤? î√™« û√ñ«í¬ Bߪ’í¬ ÖØ√o®· ÅN) Fresh - û√ñ«. (Opp: Stale/ rotten stale. E©y Ö†o (´·êuçí¬ ´çúÕ-†N); rotten - ´·J-T-§Ú®·†, èπ◊Rx-§Ú-®·†. stale - ÂÆdß˝’™¸, rotten ®√-ô-Ø˛ – Aô’d-°æü¿ç èπÿú≈. These rotten movies (îÁûªh movies)/ rotten fellow ´’E-≠œE Aôdúøç, NENE NÆœ-T-§Ú-®·† jokes - stale jokes.

Ç¢Á’-éπç-ü¿J (v°æA-¢√J) ≤ƒßª’ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç (鬢√L) c) Animals need oxygen

ïçûª’-´¤-©èπ◊

oxyzen

Å´-Ææ®Ωç.

d) He doesn't (does not) need any more money e)

Åûª-E-éπç-ûª-éπçõ‰ úø•’s Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. Ç¢Á’Íéç Å´-Ææ®Ωç (àç 鬢√L?)

f)

¢√úÕéÀ

What does she need? Rs.100/-

a) She has to be there X She need not be there

Padma:

ûª† ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* ã ´·êu-¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Å´-Ææ®Ωç (鬢√L) Ø√èπ◊. îÁ°æ¤p, ûª†èπ◊ ؈’ (؈C ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L) X †’´¤y ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ Phone îËߪ÷-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC. fruits now? Oô-Eo-öÀ™ verb, need/ needs éπü∆? c) Have I to go? X You need not go Kamala: †’´¤ y worry 鬆-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ûª† Phone Ñ sentences ™ need Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬-EéÀ, °j con(áçü¿’-éπ-úø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? É°æ¤púË´’Ø√o (¢Á ∞ «x ™ « X Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’) number èπÿú≈ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’, Ç¢Á’ °æéπ\ versation ™ç* BÆœ† sentences (3) and (4) ™ °æçúø’x Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷ Fèπ◊?) [a) You must go - †’´¤y ¢Á∞«xL. í∫ C ™ ØË ÖçC. ¢ÁRx ´÷ö«xúø’. need ¢√úø-é¬-EéÀ ûËú≈ îª÷ü∆lç. Dinakar: Yea. I need some to present to my b) You must not go - †’´¤y ¢Á∞¡x-èπÿ-úøü¿’ b) Krupakar: ¢√úÕ-°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√L ´’J. 3) You need not go that far uncle. You bought them at Sarvam c) You need not go - ¢Á-∞¡}-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç ¢Á∞¡x-éπ\Í®xü¿’. Dayakar: ¢√úø-Ææ©’ ¢Á∞¡x-éπ\-Í®xü¿’ Super Market, didn't you? b) éÀ, c) éÀ ûËú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ. ÅüË Nüµ¿çí¬ should èπÿ, 4) You need not spend so much Krupakar: áçü¿’-éπE? (Å´¤†’. ´÷ uncle èπ◊ °æçúø’x present have to/ has to èπÿ èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC.] Åçûª ê®Ω ’ a °ôd é π \ Í ® x ü ¿ ’ . Dayakar: ؈’ ¢√úÕo éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ûÁ´’t-Ø√o†’. Ç îËü∆l-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ÅN †’´¤y 'Ææ®Ωyç— Need í∫’Jç* ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o points. °æ¤Ææh-é¬-L-éπ\úø ÖØ√oß˝’. ÅN èπÿú≈ Super Market ™ éÌØ√o´¤ éπü∆? 1) Need †’ independent í¬ äéπ\-öÀí¬ ¢√úÕûË é¬¢√L É°æ¤púøçûª Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊. Madhukar: No. That's very far off. You need ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÅØË ¶µ«´ç ´Ææ’hçC. Krupakar: ÅN Ø√èπ◊ Å´-Ææ®Ωç. îª÷°œç. ¢√öÀ-E not go that far. If fruits are what you 2) Need + 1 st RDW (´÷´‚-©’í¬ not ûÓ)– ØË † ’ îª ÷ú≈L. need, there's a good fruit shop -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 109 Ç I RDW ûÓ îÁÊ°p-°æE îËߪ’-éπ\-Í®xü¿’ ÅE Å®Ωnç. nearby. I bought them there. Dayakar: †’¢Ëyç îª÷úø-éπ\-®Ω-™‰-C°æ¤púø’. Í®°æ¤ îª÷úø’. Madhukar: Why are you asking? Do you need

éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.

He doesnot need more than Rs. 100/-

b) I must know it X You need not know it

ANSWERS:

You need not spend so much Dinakar:

How costly are they? Perhaps you

3)

bought them at Rs.70 a dozen.

(¢√öÀ êKüÁçûª? dozen 70 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© v°æ鬮Ωç éÌØ√o¢Ë¢Á÷ éπü∆?) Madhukar: No. You need not spend so much. They are quite cheap there.

(Åçûª °ôd-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. ÅN î√™« éπ Ç shop ™) Dinakar:

Will you show me the shop?

(Ç

shop

îª÷°œ-≤ƒh¢√?)

Madhukar: You don't need my help, old boy.

™

verb need spend need + 1st regular doing word

4) Need + 1 st RDW (not

must/ should/

Need + infinitive (to + 1 st RDW)

èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

not go

•ü¿’©’ – ¢√úø-´îª’a.

Need + 1st regular DW M. SURESAN not verb I RDW (Need not go =

(´÷´‚©’í¬ ûÓØË Å®·ûË, †’ •öÀd Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC) ¢Á∞¡x-éπ\-Í®xü¿’) Öçô’çC. Need not spend = ê®Ω’a °ôd-éπ\-Í®xü¿’

You find 'Sufala' fruit shop. That's it.

(Ééπ\úø verb - need be - ÉC be form Öçúø-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ (not ûÓ) ÉC need èπ◊ È®çúÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. ¢Á·ü¿-öÀC – need †’ independent í¬ ¢√úÌa. È®çúÓC– need + 1st RDW (´÷´‚©’í¬ not ûÓ).

OK, bye

[ You need not go =

Madhukar: OK.

Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù™ Åçû√ need ûÓ Ö†o expressions áèπ◊\´ ÖØ√o®· éπü∆. Need Å®√n©÷, ¢√úøéπç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç Ñ lesson ™.

You don't need to go [ She need not sing =

ņ-´îª’a.

She does not need to sing

ņ-´îª’a.

Karuna: Must you go now?

2. I need some

(†’´¤y ¢Á∞«}™«? É°æ¤púø’?)

3. You need not go that far.

Aruna: I need not go. It's enough if I call

4. You need not spend so much

(؈’ ¢Á∞¡x-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.

5. You don't need my help

Phone

îËÊÆh î√©’.

Karuna: You should go tomorrow at least

´’†çü¿Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. need Åçõ‰ Å´-Ææ®Ωç Å-E, 鬢√L ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´îËa Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÅE.

(éπFÆæç ͮ°jØ√ ¢Á∞«xL †’´¤y) Sumana: No, she need not go tomorrow either

1. Do you need fruits now?

(Í®°æ¤ èπÿú≈ ¢Á∞¡x-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’) FéÀ°æ¤púø’ °æçúø’x Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷? (鬢√™«?)

Karuna: She has to be there at least the day after (tomorrow)

2. I need some

Sumana: No, I tell you, she need not be there on any day.

Ø√èπ◊ éÌEo Å´-Ææ®Ωç/ 鬢√L 3. You don't need my help

Ø√ ≤ƒßª’ç Féπ-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’/ Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ °j Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©-Eoç-öÀ™ need Åçõ‰ Å´-Ææ®Ωç/ 鬢√L, Åçõ‰ 'Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’—èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ a) I need your help

F ≤ƒßª’ç Ø√éπ-´-Ææ®Ωç (鬢√L)

Spoken English

need

Padma: You need not know it./ You don't need to know it. Kamala: Why do you need her number? Padma: I need some important information from her. Tell me (her number). I need to phone to her.

a) You don't need to go now

Kamala: You needn't worry. You don't need her phone number either, she is in the

É°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«}-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç -™‰-ü¿’. b) She needs to be there at least for an hour

éπFÆæç ã í∫çõ„jØ√ Ç¢Á’ Åéπ\úø Öçúøôç Å´-Ææ®Ωç. c) I need to go home now

ØË-†’ ¢Á∞«x-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC.

next room. Go talk to her. b) Krupakar: He must start now, mustn't he? Dayakar: He need not go. Krupakar: Why? Dayakar: I told him to get some books. They

NOW PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN ENGLISH: a) Padma: Hi Kamala,

é¬Ææh Karuna Phone Number É≤ƒh¢√? ûª†ûÓ urgent í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC Ø√èπ◊. Kamala: üËE í∫’Jç*? Padma: †’´¤y ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-†-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’™‰ Kamala: FÈéç-ü¿’éπ´-Ææ®Ωç ûª† number?

are (available) here. I don't need them even now either. Krupakar: I need them. Let me see them. I must see them. Dayakar: You need not see them now. See them tomorrow.

-v°æ-¨¡o:

ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç:

1. Do you need fruits now?

™

don't/ doesn't need to go

ûÓ) have to/ has to èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπç

You need not be here

Ø√ ≤ƒßª’ç Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. Éô’--¢Áj°æ¤ ¢ÁR} èπ◊úÕ°æéπ\èπ◊ A®Ω’í∫’. Ç shop éπ†-°æ-úø’ûª’çC)

talk to her urgently. Kamala: What about?

3) She need not go

™«çöÀ

sentences

phone number. I must/ I need to

verb need go need + 1st regular doing word

Walk along this way and turn right. (

Dinakar:

4)

™

a) Padma: Hi Kamala, let me have Karuna's

(á°æ¤púø÷ Åéπ\úø Öçúø-éπ\-Í®xü¿’) Ñ conversation ™ must/ should/ has to Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç– àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷L/ Öçú≈L Å-E. Need not be -Å-†o°æ¤p-úø’ opposite meaning ´≤ÚhçCéπü∆ îËߪ’-†-éπ\-Í®xü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓ. ÉC ´·êuç.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

É¢Ë OöÀéÀ Ö†o Å®√n-©Fo. 1) ®√´·úø’ Ç °æEE îËÆ œ Öçúø-´îª’a

Rama could have done that work Rama could haven't done that work

Ñ È®ç-úÕçöÀéÀ áEo Å®√n-©’-Ø√oßÁ÷ ûÁ©°æçúÕ. Would, could Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ ÅFo ®√ߪ’çúÕ. He might have done the work – Åçõ‰ àO’ îÁߪ’u-™‰-ü¿Ø√? îËÆœ Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´-îªaØ√? He may have done éÀ might / would éÀ may ≤ƒn†ç™ à Å®√n-©’-Ø√oßÁ÷ ûÁ-©°æçúÕ. – áÆˇ. ®√´·, ûÁØ√L

ï-¢√-•’:

Rama might have done that work.

DE Å®Ωnç, Ç °æEE îËÆœ Öçúø-í∫-L-Íí-¢√úø’ é¬ü¿’. é¬E î˨»úø’ ÅE.

§

®√´·úø’ Ç °æE î˨»úø’ Rama has done that work.

2)

îËÆœ Öçúøúø’, (é¬F î˨»úø’) Rama wouldn't have done it.

-

îËÆœ Öçú≈-LqçC é¬ü¿’, é¬F î˨»úø’ He shouldn't have done it.

§

-Ç °æEE îËÆœÖçúø-í∫-L-Íí-¢√úË é¬F îËߪ’™‰ü¿’.

DEéÀ

®√´·úø’ Ç °æE îËÆœ Öçú≈-LqçC (é¬E îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’) Rama should have done that work.

§

1. Rama could have done that work Rama 2. Rama could haven't done that work correct form, Rama couldn't have done that work. Rama

§

-

îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ Rama could not do it.

§ He may have/ might have done

îËÆœ Öçúø-´îª’a.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Ranjit: Sanjai, we need to be careful.

You don't need it any more.

(´’†ç ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC.) Sanjai: What about?

(üËE í∫’Jç*?) Ranjit: About the way we are spending money.

(´’†ç úø•’s ê®Ω’a îËÆæ’h†o N≠æߪ’ç.) We have to manage with this money till the month end.

(Ñ úø•’sûÓ ØÁ™«-ê®Ω’ ´®Ωèπÿ í∫úø-§ƒL.) We need an extra Rs. 500/- for the book I need.

(FéπCçéπ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.) Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù need í∫’JçîË éπü∆? ´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ lessons ™ need Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ éÌEo ûÁ©’-Ææ’èπ◊Ø√oç. ´’J-éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç. Need †’ independent í¬ ¢√úøû√ç; Éûª®Ω verbs ûÓ éπL°‘ ¢√úøû√ç.I. Need †’ independent í¬ ¢√úÕûË, Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öç-úø-ôç, Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’-´ôç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC, éπü∆? 1) We need an extra Rs. 500/-

c) They will need it when they are there.

´’†èπ◊ Åü¿-†çí¬ 500 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’-´¤û√®· (鬢√L)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

-¨¡Ÿ-véπ-¢√®Ωç 10 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

2) You do not need it any more.

110

Fèπ◊ -ÅCçéπ Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’.

¢√∞¡x-éπ\-úø’-†o-°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡x-éπC Å´-Ææ®Ωç Å´¤-ûª’çC. d) Kumar needed some money yesterday. Kumar èπ◊ -E-†o éÌç-ûª -úø-•’s Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’içC. Ñ sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™ need †’ Éûª®Ω verbs combination ™‰èπ◊çú≈ independent í¬ ¢√ú≈ç.

àüÁjØ√ E•ç-üµ¿-†í¬, Çñ«c-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç, NCµí¬, îËߪ’ôç ´’ç*C ÅE îËߪ÷Lq -´ÊÆh/ Öçú≈Lq ´ÊÆh, must/ should, have to/ has to ¢√úøû√ç éπü∆. DEéÀ ´uA-Í®éπçí¬ îËߪ’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’/ Öçúø-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ ņo-°æ¤púø’, need not ¢√úøû√ç. a) You must do it

(†’´¤y ÅC îËߪ÷L) You need not do it.

Need I go there now?

(†’´¤y ÅC îËߪ’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰-ü¿’) b) She has to be here at 10.

(10éÀ Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø Öçú≈L) She need not be here

(Ø√ éπ´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æ¤Ææh-é¬-EéÀ Åü¿-†çí¬ Rs. 500 Å´-Ææ®Ωç). Sanjai: That's true. But you need not worry. I called Dad yesterday and told him to send us Rs. 1000. He is sending it. We'll get it in a day or two. worry phone

(Eï¢Ë’, é¬E †’´¤y Å´-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. îËÆœ ã ¢Á®·u ®Ω÷§ƒE†oØË Ø√†oèπ◊ ߪ’©’ °æç°æ-´’Ø√o. äéπ-öÀ È®ç-úø’ ®Ó-V-™x (-úø-•’s) ´Ææ’hçC.)

Ranjit: I have to pay for the tuition I am taking. tuition fees

(؈’ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’†o éπö«dL éπü∆?)

èπ◊ èπÿú≈

Sanjai: Do you need (to) continue the tuition? (Tuition continue Ranjit: I need not continue.

îËߪ’ôç Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷?)

II. Need verbs

†’ ´’†ç Éûª®Ω ûÓ éπL°œ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. Å°æ¤púø’ Ç verbs ûÁLÊ° °æE-îË-ߪ’-†-´Ææ-®Ωç-™‰-ü¿E Å®Ωnç. Ñ use áèπ◊\´ not ûÓ ´Ææ’hçC, ™‰-ü∆ question form ™ Öçô’çC.

É°æ¤púø’ Ñ

(Å®·ûË Ç°®·u. É™« èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡⁄h Öçúø-ü¿E Å®Ωnç Öçõ‰ Fèπ◊ îªü¿-´-ö«-EéÀ îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√L (îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq-† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC).

†’ îª÷úøçúÕ:

(verb: need send;

M. SURESAN

(verb - need + be)

Ç¢Á’ É°æ¤púËç úø•’s °æç-§ƒ-

Ç¢Á’ ®√†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. (verb - need come)

a) Need I go there now?

look at the following sentences: a) I need your help

F Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç Ø√éπ-´-Ææ®Ωç b) She needs some dresses.

Å´-Ææ®Ωç

(1) Tarun: Varun,

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

a) He should do it b) He should not do it c) He need not do it

ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆, (a), (b) Commands. (c) opposite of (a). Å®·ûË have to/ has to N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ é¬Ææh ûËú≈. Have to/ has to èπ◊ not îËJÊÆh need not meaning ´Ææ’hçC.

(É°æ¤púø’ -ØË-†’ ¢Á-∞«x-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçü∆?verb need go.) b) Need you take so much trouble?

She has to be here

†’´yçûª trouble BÆæ’éÓ¢√-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçü∆? – verb- need take.) III. Need not ņôç, must, should, have to/ has to èπ◊ opposite ÅE èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.

Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø Öçú≈L. She doesn't have to be here She need not be here

Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø Öçúø-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.

àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’? PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN ENGLISH Varun: ؈’ ´’Lx-é˙†’ ¢ÁçôØË éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC. Tarun: áçü¿’èπ◊? Sudheer: Worry Å´--†-´Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’™‰. ØË-†’ éπ†’-éÌ\E Ñ ≤ƒßª’ç-vûª¢Ë’ Varun: Åûª-úÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* éÌçûª information Å´-Ææ®Ωç Ø√èπ◊. îÁ§ƒh. ؈’ Phone îË≤ƒh™‰. Tarun: üËE í∫’Jç*? Sumanth: F´¤ îËߪ’-éπ\-Í®x-ü¿’™‰. ØËØË îË≤ƒh. Varun: ¢Ë’ç ´îËa¢√®Ωç A®Ω’-°æA ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oç. Åéπ\úø ü¿®Ωz†ç N≠æߪ’ç™ ANSWERS: Åûª-úÕ help 鬢√L. Tarun: ü∆E-Èéj-ûË †’´¤y ´’Lxé˙ ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞¡x-éπ\-®Ω-™‰-ü¿’™‰. ´÷ ¶«¶«®· Åéπ\úø 1) Tarun: Hi Varun, What news? °æE-îË-Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’. ؈’ -Fèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©†’. Varun: I need to meet Mallik immediately. Varun: Çߪ’†’o ᙫ éπ©’-Ææ’éÓ-¢√-L ؈’? (immediately = ¢ÁçôØË) Tarun: †’¢Ëyç worry é¬-†éπ\®Ω-™‰-ü¿’. Åéπ\úø Çߪ’† Fèπ◊ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Tarun: Why? Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç Åçû√ îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Varun: I need some information from him. Varun: Å®·ûË ´’Lxé˙ ü¿í∫_-®Ω-†’ç* ØËØËç Introduction letter Tarun: What about? BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? Varun: We are going to Tirupathi next week. We need his help Tarun: Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. Åéπ\-úÕ-Èé-Rxç-ûª-®√yûª Çߪ’† E†’o áéπ\-úÕéÀ á°æ¤púø’ in the matter of darsanam. ®Ω´’tçõ‰ Åéπ\-úøèπ◊ ¢Á∞«xL †’´¤y. Çߪ’† éÌClí¬ éÓ°œ≠œd. Tarun: If it is for that you need not go to Mallik. My uncle works Varun: ÅüËç °æ®Ω-¢√-™‰-ü¿’™‰. Å™«Íí. there. I can help you. (2) Sumanth: Hi Sudheer, F Ææ©£æ… Å´-Ææ®Ωç Ø√èπ◊. FéÓÆæç ¢Áûª’-èπ◊Varun: How do I meet him? ûª’Ø√o. †’-¢Ëy éπE-°œç-î√´¤. Tarun: You need not worry at all. He will give you all help you Sudheer: üËE í∫’Jç*? Ø√ Ææ©£æ… Fèπ◊ Eïçí¬ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’iûË, ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ need. É≤ƒh. Varun: So I need not take any introduction letter from Mallik. Sumanth: ؈’ bike é̆’-éÓ\-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. Bike Ø√èπ◊ î√™« Å´Ææ®Ωç É°æ¤púø’. second hand é̆’-éÓ\Ø√, éÌûªhC é̆’-éÓ\Ø√? Tarun: No need. Once you go there you should be and you should go wherever and whenever he wants you to. He Sudheer: ÅC F ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†o úø•’s†’•öÀd Öçô’çC éπü∆? †’´¤y -¶µº-Jç-îªí∫is a bit short tempered. L-TûË, éÌûªhüË better éπü∆. (Short tempered = ûªy®Ωí¬ éÓ°æpúË Ææy¶µ«´ç) Sumanth: Ø√èπ◊ bank loan Å´-Ææ®Ωç, éÌûªhC éÌØ√-©çõ‰. Loan ûÁaéÌ-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ èπÿú≈ F ≤ƒßª’ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Varun: Don't you worry. OK.

Spoken English

îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’.

†’´¤y ´÷èπ◊ Coffee îËߪ’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. éÀ éÀ ûËú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ: b) èπÿú≈, a) ™«í¬ èπ◊ opposite éπü∆. ÉüË èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ´Jh-Ææ’hçC.

؈’ Åûª-úÕ Ææ©£æ… BÆæ’éÓ

™ need Éûª®Ω verbs ûÓ comûÓ ´≤ÚhçC, ´·êuçí¬ not ûÓ. èπÿú≈ ´≤ƒh®·.

Coffee

b) c) Command. c) Command should

-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’) Ñ

c) Need I go there now?

†’´¤y ´÷èπ◊

Lq-† -Å-´Ææ-®Ωç -™‰ü¿’.)

sentences bination Questions

b) She need not come

îËߪ÷L.

c) You need not make Coffee for us.

c) I need not take advice from him (verb: need take-

Coffee

b) You must not make Coffee for us

b) She need not send any money now.

Åéπ\úø -É°æ¤p-úø’ ؈’ç-úø-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’.

dresses

†’´¤y ´÷èπ◊

†’´¤y ¢Á∞¡x-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’.)

a) I need not be there now

Ç¢Á’èπ◊ éÌEo

a) You must make Coffee for us

a) You need not go now. (verb: need go; =

؈-éπ\úÕéÀ -É°æ¤p-úø’ ¢Á∞¡xôç Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷?

(Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’) Sanjai: Then stop it. You need to understand that if you continue to attend tuitions, you don't have the time to study. tuitions time

sentences

(Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø Öçúø-†-éπ\®Ω™‰ü¿’.) ÉC í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.

2) Sumanth: Sudheer, I need your advice. I have been looking for you, I see you here now. Sudheer: What's it about? If you really need my advice, you have it/ I will give it. Sumanth: I want to buy a bike. I need a bike very badly now. (need badly =

î√-™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç).

Shall I buy a second hand one or a new one? Sudheer: Depends on the money you have. If you can afford it, have a new one. (afford =

Å°∂æú˛ = °ô’d-éÓ-í∫-©í∫-úøç/- ≤Úh-´’ûª)

Sumanth: If I want to buy a new one, I have to take a bank loan. I need your help for that too. Sudheer: Don't worry/ No need to worry. I will find out and call you this evening. Sumanth: You need not. I'll call you.

Ñ≤ƒJ Ñ game practice îËߪ’çúÕ: He gave me advice sentence subjects different verbs frame logue form

Ñ

ûÓ,

†´‚-Ø√í¬ îËÆæ’èπ◊E áEo sentences, different ûÓ, not ûÓ, question form ™, dia™ áEo îËߪ’-í∫-L-TûË ÅEo îËߪ’çúÕ.

eg: a) Saritha showed me her chain. b) Sunil did not give me the book c) Why did they offer him the job? d) Mukesh: Are you paying me the money now? Ganesh: I am not promising you anything. I will try. Mukesh: Send me the money tomorrow atleast.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Harihar:

Hi Subhakar, do you know Murthy?

(Fèπ◊ ´‚Jh ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) Subhakar: Of course. We Went to school together. We were the same class. We used to sit on the same bench too. We were together for three years at school.

(ûÁ-L-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´-ô-¢Ë’çöÀ? ¢Ë’ç äÍé school ™ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊Ø√oç. Classmates. äÍé bench O’ü¿ èπÿ-ØË-¢√∞¡xç èπÿú≈) Harihar:

Subhakar: That's right too. We cant' do two things at the same time. We have to choose between the two.

(ÅD Eï¢Ë’. äÍé-≤ƒJ È®çúø’ °æ†’©’ îËߪ’™‰ç éπü∆. àüÓ äéπöÀ ᆒo-éÓ-¢√L.) Harihar:

Bye then. Time for me to go for my Physics tuition class. (Physics tuition

¢Á∞«xL ؈’, ´≤ƒh.

Subhakar: Bye

Ñ dialogue ™ Ñ îª÷úøçúÕ.

I happened to meet him on train. He told me about you.

expressions

1) We used to sit on the same bench.

(؈-ûª-úÕE train ™ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√o. F í∫’Jç* îÁ§ƒpúø’.)

2) We used to be close

Subhakar: We are still in touch with each other. He joined a college in Hyderabad, and I stayed on here.

É™«çöÀ ¶µ«¢√-©†’ ûÁ©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ – used to ¢√úøû√ç. °j dialogue ™ èπÿú≈ É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀÍé used to ¢√úøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. 1) He used to help me

3) He used to help me

(É°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈ ¢Ë’ç äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ®Ωç touch ™ ÖØ√oç. ¢√úË¢Á÷ Hyderabad college ™ îË®√úø’, ØËE-éπ\úË ÖçúÕ-§Úߪ÷) Harihar:

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 12 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËÊÆ-¢√úø’

4) He used to be very good at studies.

2) We used to be close

5) You used to be the opener

3) He used to be good at studies

6) I used to play

¢Ë’ç ÆæEo-£œ«-ûªçí¬ ÖçúË-¢√∞¡xç îªü¿’-´¤™ ¶«í¬ ÖçúË-¢√úø’ (¶«í¬ îªC-¢Ë-¢√úø’ – ÉüË ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ – He used to study well )

Quite a nice fellow, isn't he?

4) You used to be the opener

(î√™« ´’ç* ¢√úø’, éπü∆?) Subhakar: Certainly. We used to be close. He used to help me in studies, especially in maths. He used to be very good at studies

(Eï¢Ë’. ¢Ë’ç î√™« ÆæEo-£œ«-ûªçí¬ ÖçúË¢√∞¡xç. Ø√èπ◊ îªü¿’-´¤™ ´·êuçí¬ maths ™ ≤ƒßª’ç îËÊÆ-¢√úø’. ¶«í¬ îªC-¢Ë-¢√úø’) Harihar:

He told me you used to play cricket very well. It seems you used to be the opener for your school team

(†’´¤y cricket î√™« ¶«í¬ ÇúË-¢√-úÕ-´E îÁ§ƒpúø’. O’ school team èπ◊ †’´¤y opener í¬ ÖçúË-¢√-úÕ-´ô éπü∆?) Subhakar: Yes. I used to play, but not as well as Murthy has told you.

(Eï¢Ë’, ØËØ√-úË-¢√úËo, Å®·ûË ´‚Jh îÁ°œp-†çûª ¶«í¬ é¬ü¿’) Harihar:

Why aren't you playing now?

Subhakar: I used to find a lot of time to play at school. Now my concentration is on EAMCET. No time for games now. (school ™ î√™« time ÖçúË-C Ø√èπ◊. É°æ¤púø’ ؈’ EAMCET O’ü¿ concentrate îËÆæ ’hØ√o. Games èπ◊ time üÌ®Ω-éπôç ™‰ü¿’) I used to play shuttle regularly, but I gave it up after I joined college. Dad wont' let me play any game now. shuttle college

ÇúË-¢√-úÕE. é¬F ´÷Ø˨», ™ îËJ† ûª®√yûª ´÷ Ø√†o ä°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç ™‰ü¿’)

-v°æ-¨¡o: 1) ¢- Á·-ü¿-öÀ®Ó-V Office èπ◊ ¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o-úø’ -Å-†-ú≈-Eo 'He is going to office for the first time' correct

- Å-E Å-îª-C-¢√-†’. -Å-C ´¤-ûª’ç-ü∆? -D-Eo- ´’®Ó N-üµ¿çí¬ -á-™« ®√≤ƒh®Ω’? 2 ) ''Phonetics'' ØË®Ω’aèπ◊-ØËçü¿’èπ◊ -äéπ -´’ç-* °æ¤Ææhéπç Ææ÷-*ç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. – á. -¢Ë-ù’íÓ-§ƒ-™¸, -Å-Mx°æ‹®˝

is going to office for the first time = office This is the first time he is going to office 2) Oxford, longman's Dictionaries

¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJí¬ (®ÓV é¬ü¿’) èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√oúø’. ÉüË Å®Ωnç ´îËaô’x,

í¬ ÖçúË-¢√-úÕN.

°j ™ ques™ ûÓ, ûÓ ¢√úøôç îª÷úøçúÕ. É™« èπÿú≈ O’®Ω’ used to ¢√úø-´îª’a. ´’J-éÌEo îª÷úøçúÕ. a) Å-ûªúÁ-°æ¤púø÷ punctual í¬ ÖçúË-¢√úø’ é¬ü¿’ He never used to be punctual? b)

ÅûªúÕ ≤ƒßª’ç †’´¤y ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË-¢√-úÕ¢√? Did you use to take his help often?

(N’í∫û√ verbs èπ◊ ™«í¬ØË used to question -ûÓ é¬F not ûÓ é¬F ¢√úÕûË did use Å´¤-ûª’çC. -Å-ûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ °ü¿l ≤ƒßª’ç àO’ îËÊÆ-¢√úø’ é¬ü¿’ He didn't use to help me much. [Used to present/ future actions of being ]

èπÿ

states

èπÿ ®√ü¿’

She used to sing well 7) I used to find a lot of time.

Ñ expressions ÅFo èπÿú≈ used to èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†¢Ë éπü∆. É°æ¤púø’ used to Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. used to èπ◊ be form used to be; Action word: used to + 1st Regular Doing word e.g: used to play, used to sing, etc.,

í∫ûªç™ Å©-¢√-ô’í¬, véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†o ÆœnAE é¬F, Ωu (action)†’ é¬F ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. Ñ used to èπ◊, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úË use èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. Subhakar ´÷ô we used to sit on the same bench

äÍé bench O’ü¿ èπÿØË ¢√∞¡xç (A regular action of the past)

6) I used to find a lot of time

(It used to be so);

Ananth:

es a habitual state of being or action.

Sumanth:

Pramod: Your teacher at M. SURESAN school was at our place this afternoon. She's dad's cousin

O’ School teacher ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ ´*açC ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç. ÇNúø ´÷ Ø√†o cousin. Cousin éπ>Ø˛ – 'éπ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç, > size ™ z ™«í¬. Å®Ωnç = ®Ωéπh Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰E ü¿í∫_®Ω ö«d-©ç-ü¿®Ω’ English™ cousins. Children of your parents (

Åçõ‰ O’ ´÷´’ߪ’u éÌúø’-èπ◊©÷, èπÿûª’-∞¡Ÿx -Åç-ü¿®Ω÷ O’ cousins - cousin sister, cousin brother ÅØË ´÷ô©’ English ™ ™‰´¤. ÅN ¢√úøç)

¢√úø’ ®ÓW ÇúË-¢√úø’ (He used to play every day);

Prasanth: She used to like me a lot she was a very good teacher.

Ç¢Á’ ¶«í¬ §ƒúËC They used to quarrel with each other.

-v°æ-¨¡o: -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù °æ‹-Jhí¬ -ØË®Ω’aéÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ Ææ’-´÷®Ω’ 275 -¢√éπu -†-´‚-Ø√-©’ (patterns or structures) -î√-©-E -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -¢√uéπ®Ω-ù °æç-úÕ-ûª’-© -Å-Gµ-v§ƒ-ߪ’ç. -Ç 275 -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -ûÁ-©’í∫’ -vö«-Ø˛q™‰-≠æ-Ø˛- Ææ£æ… -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’. – Èé.®√-´÷®√--´¤, -N-ï-ߪ’-¢√-úø ï-¢√-•’: O’®Ω-†oC correct. Å®·ûË ´·ç-ü¿’í¬ fundamentals ¶«í¬ ûÁLÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’ O’®Ω’ îÁ°œp† ¢√éπu †´‚-Ø√©’ (sentence patterns) practice îËߪ’-´îª’a. Åçü¿’èπ◊ ûªT† vocabulary èπÿú≈ °çîª ’-éÓ-¢√L éπü∆, slots fill îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊. Thanks for the sug-

î√©’.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

Ananth: Sumanth:

Ananth: Sumanth: Ananth: Sumanth: Ananth:

Prasanth: Didn't she use to say, 'understand?' at the end of her every sentence?

(v°æA sentence *´®√ (Ç¢Á’ teach îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, 'understand?' ÅØË-C-éπü∆?) Pramod:

That she used to. I observed too. Most teachers, I think say that.

(Å´¤†’ Å™« Åçô’ç-úËC. ؈÷ í∫´’Eçî√†’. Teachers î√™«-´’çC Å™« Åçö«-®Ω-†’-èπ◊çö«.) Prasanth: I never used to find our Maths teacher say that. He used to say, 'Isn't it?' quite often.

(´÷ Maths teacher Å™« ņôç ØËØÁ°æ¤púø÷ NØË-¢√-úÕE 鬆’. Çߪ’† á°æ¤púø÷, 'Isn't it?' ÅØË-¢√úø’.

É¢√-∞ÏçöÀ Éçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ Evü¿-™‰-î√´¤? Ñ ´’üµ¿u ؈’ ûªy®Ω-í¬ØË ™‰Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. ´‚úø’ ØÁ©© éÀçü¿öÀ ´®Ωèπ◊ late í¬ ™‰îË¢√-úÕE – college hours áE-N’C †’ç* äçöÀí∫çô ´®Ωèπ◊ ´÷Í®a´®Ωèπ◊ áçü¿’-éπçûª Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ™‰îË-¢√-úÕN? ®√vA î√™«-ÊÆ°æ¤ îªC¢Ë ¢√úÕE. Ç©-Ææuçí¬ °æúø’-èπ◊ØË ¢√úÕE. Åçü¿’-éπE Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ™‰îË¢√-úÕE. ´’ü¿u ™‰îË-ô-°æp-öÀ-éÀ-Èéçûª time ÅßË’uC ü¿í∫_®Ω ü¿í∫_®Ω 8 ÅßË’uC. áçûª £æ…®·í¬ ÖçúËüÓ Øˆ’ -´÷vûªç Ç®Ω’Íé ™‰îË-¢√-úÕE. É°æ¤púø’ âCç-öÀÍé ™‰Ææ’hØ√o. àüÁjØ√ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ™‰´-ô¢Ë’ Ø√éÀ≠dçæ . Hi Sumanth, why are you up so early? How is it you are up so early? How is it you got up so early?

Pramod: Though I was n't her student, I used to go to her for tuition.

(ØËØ√¢Á’ student Å´éπ§Ú-®·Ø√, Ç¢Á’ ü¿í∫_-®ΩéÀ tuition -¢Á∞Ïx-¢√-úÕE.)

Hi Sumanth,

ANSWER:

(؈çõ‰ Ç¢Á’ ¶«í¬ É≠æd-°æ-úËC/ ÅGµ-´÷†ç ÇNúø î√™« ´’ç* teacher)

(¢√∞¡Ÿx -äéπ-J-ûÓ äéπ®Ω’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-éÌ-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx)–

gestion.

NOW PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN ENGLISH

Ø√èπ◊ î√™« time üÌJ-ÍéC 鬕öÀd 'used to' express-

brothers and sisters are all your cousins.

ûÁ©’-í∫’™: Å°æ¤-úø™« ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-úËC

ņ-´îª’a.

Spoken English

opener

؈’ ÇúË-¢√-úÕE

(she used to sing well);

(؈’

ï-¢√-•’: 1) He

111

Used to

(É°æ¤púø’ áçü¿’é¬-úøôç ™‰ü¿’?)

Harihar:

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

†’´¤y

5) I used to play

Used to conversation tion not never

get up = How is it = be up. 'be up' natural)

àçöÀ?

=

Evü¿-™‰-´ôç ÅEo-öÀ-éπçõ‰ simple,

Sumanth: Of late I have been getting up early. I used to get up late till 3 months ago- till the college hours were changed from 8 AM to 1 PM Ananth:

Why did you use to get up so late?

Sumanth: I used to study till late in the night. So I used to get up/to be up late. Ananth:

what used to be the time when you got up/when you were up?

Sumanth: It used to be nearly 8. How happy I was!/ How I enjoyed it! Ananth:

I used to get up at 6. Now I get up at 5 itself.

Sumanth: What ever you may say. I like getting up late.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Ii I Himakar: Who do I see here? Dinakar? Oh what a surprise! When did you come?

Ñ

™ éÀçC í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.

expressions

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

I used to find ... I used to eat out He used to be quite active here. He used to get up quite late I am used to it. I could not get used to the food He was used to keeping awake late He will be used to it. éÀçü¿öÀ lesson™ ´’†ç used to Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’

(àß˝’, á´®Ω÷? C†-éπ®√? Ǩ¡a®Ωuçí¬- -Öç-C! á°æ¤p-úÌ-î√a´¤?) Dinakar: Yesterday. The first thing I thought I would do was see you and here I am

(E†o, ®√í¬ØË ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿ô îª÷ú≈©†’èπ◊Ø√o. ´îËa¨»)

conversation

E†’o

Himakar: Real pleasure seeing you. So how's Bangalore?

(E†’o îª÷úøôç Eïçí¬ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. í∫ûªç™ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúøf Bangalore ᙫ ÖçC?) Æœnûª’-©èπÿ, Ωu-©èπÿ (Habitual status of being/habitDinakar: A beautiful city. I went there in the winual actions in the past) ¢√-úø-û√ç -Å-E °j† exprester. I used to find the cold difficult to sions from 1 to 4 ü∆EéÀ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’ éπü∆. bear, but now I am used to it. 1. I used to find the cold difficult to bear (Åçü¿-¢Á’i† †í∫®Ωç. ؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ îªL-é¬-©ç™ Ç îªL ûªô’d-éÓôç éπ≠dçæ í¬ ÅE-°œç-îËC. ¢Á∞«x. Ç îªL ûªô’d-éÓ-´úøç éπ≠dçæ í¬ ÖçúËC. 2. I used to eat out é¬-F É°æ¤púø’ Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úÕ-§Úߪ÷) •ßª’ô AØË-¢√úÕo. Himakar: What about the food? (-ǣ慮Ωç -´÷-õ‰ç-öÀ?) Dinakar: No trouble now. I cook for myself. I used to eat out in the beginning but I could not get used to the food. I started cooking, and I am happy now.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

(É°æ¤púËç É•sçC ™‰ü¿’. ØËØË ´çúø’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o†’. ¢Á·ü¿öx £æ«Ùô™x AØË-¢√-úÕE. é¬-F -Å-©¢√ô’ îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷. ´çúø’-éÓôç ¢Á·ü¿-©’-°ö«d. É°æ¤púË É•sçD ™‰ü¿’. (Eat out = Restaurants ™ A†ôç)

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 14 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

112

No. 5 to 8 îª÷úøçúÕ. ¢Á·ü¿ô 5, 7 and 8 îª÷úøçúÕ 5. I am used to it 7. He was used to keeping awake late 8. He will be used to it 5, 7 and 8 expressions ™ used to ´·çü¿’ be forms (am, was, will be) Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈, used to ûª®√yûª 'be' form é¬F, Regular doing word é¬F ®√éπ-§Ú-´ôç îª÷úøçúÕ. Used to, ûª®√yûª, It é¬F, ing form é¬F ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®· éπü∆. Åçõ‰ 5, 7 and 8™ ´’†ç ¢√úÕçC. 'be' form (am/was/willbe) + it/...ing form (Expressions 1, 2, 3, 4™ ¢√úÕçC. (Used to + be / Ist Regular Doing Word) Used to + be/1st RDW

í∫ûªç™ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†o ÆœnA/ ïJ-T† °æE. É-D É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç îª÷ÆœçC.

future, past™ üËE-ÈéjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. a) I am used to coffee in the morning (Coffee - noun) (Ø√èπ◊ §Òü¿’l† coffee Å©-¢√ô’) I am used to taking coffee in the morning Ø√èπ◊ §Òü¿’lØË coffee B≤Ú\-´ôç Å©-¢√ô’. (Ééπ\úø am used to ûª®√yûª, taking, ... ing form

®√´ôç í∫-´’-Eç-îªç-úÕ) b) He is used to long walks / taking long walks in the morning

(†úøéπ, †úø-´ôç Å-ûª-úÕéÀ Å©-¢√ô’.) c) Ram: Your boss seems to be an angry man. (O’ boss éÓ°œ-≠œd™« éπ-EpÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’?) Rahim: I just don't bother. I am used to his anger.

(ØËØËç ™„éπ\-îË-ߪ’†’. Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úÕ-§Úߪ÷

She used to be beautiful

Himakar: You know our friend Bhaskar, don't you? He works in a Call Centre there. (Fèπ◊ ¶µ«Ææ \®˝ ûÁ©’-Ææ’í¬. ¢√úø-éπ\úø Call Centre ™ °æE-îË-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’) Dinakar: How is he? He used to be quite active here

3. He used to be quite active here

É°æ¤úø’ 'be' form + used + it/ ...ing form (expressions, 5, 7 and 8 ™ ÖçC) –

Ééπ\úø î√™« ®Ω’í¬_ ÖçúË-¢√úø’. 4. He used to get up quite late

Çߪ’† éÓ§ƒ-EéÀ.)(am used to - his anger) d) Bhavan: His wife appears to be the nagging type.

¶«í¬ Ç©Ææuçí¬ ™‰îË-¢√úø’.

ÉC äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúøôç –any time – past, 1) Past ™ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†o Æœnûª’-©èπÿ, ïJ-T† present or future †’ ûÁ-L-ߪ’Himakar: He is OK. except for his odd hours of °æ†’-©èπÿ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. Present, futureèπ◊ ñ‰Ææ’hç-C. duty. He has to work late night shifts. M. SURESAN á°æ¤púø÷ ¢√úøç. (í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆, used to + It's troubling him a bit. 2) Used to ûª®√yûª 'be' é¬F, Ist Regular Doing be/ 1st RDW - past Íé (-Ç-úø÷u-öà -¢Ë-∞¡-©’ ûª°æp ¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√oúø’. Words (used to + go / Walk) Sleep, etc) é¬F °æJ-N’ûªç) ®√-vA -¢Ë-∞¡-™x °æ-E-îË-ߪ’-úøç -Å-ûª-Eo -É-•sç-C ´≤ƒh®·. ÉC ´’†ç last lesson™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. a) Kesav: How do you find Delhi in Summer? °-úø’-ûÓç-C) ´’Sx îª÷úøçúÕ. (¢ËÆæN™ Delhi ᙫ ÖçC?) Dinakar: He was used to keeping awake late at 1) ´÷éπ-°æ¤púø’ ¢√®√-EéÀ 5 ®ÓV™‰ ÖçúË-C Eswar: Quite hot. But I have been used to (ᙫ ÖØ√oúø’? Ééπ\úø Åûª†’ î√™« ®Ω’í¬_ ÖçúË-¢√úø’)

Used to

night here. He used to get up quite late here. what's the problem?

(Ééπ\úø á°æ¤púø÷ ®√vA î√™«-ÊÆ°æ¤ ¢Ë’™\´ôç Å©-¢√õ‰ éπü∆ Åûª-EéÀ. Ç©Ææuçí¬ØË Evü¿™‰îË¢√úø’ éπü∆?) Himakar: But there he has to get off duty too late, after 12 mid night, and so he can get up only after 9 or 10 in the morning. This is his problem. He hopes he will be used to it in a course of time

(é¬F -Åéπ\úø ´’K Ç©Ææuç.®√vA 12 ûª®√yûË duty Å®· Evü¿-§Ú-´ôç, Åçü¿’-´©x Öü¿ßª’ç 9, 10 ûª®√yûË Evü¿ ™‰´ôç, ÉD ÅûªE Ææ´’Ææu. 鬩-véπ-¢Ë’ù« Å©¢√ô’ °æúø-û√-†E ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’) Dinakar: Best of luck for him

We used to have school only for 5 days a week. 2)

ûª®Ωîª÷ Ø√ ü¿í∫_-JéÀ ´Ææ’hç-úË-¢√úø’. He used to visit me frequently

3)

Ç¢Á’ Åûª-ØÁo-°æ¤púø÷ É≠æd-°æ-úËC é¬ü¿’ She never used to like him

4)

EØÁo-°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ É•sçC °õ‰d¢√úÕØ√ ؈’? Did I ever used to trouble you?

5)

¢√úø’ °æí∫©çû√ Ééπ\úË í∫úÕ-Ê°-¢√úø’ He used to spend the whole of day being here.

6)

¢√úø’ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-çí¬ ÖçúË-¢√úø’ Ç¢Á’ Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçúËC

She used to be beautiful used to ¢√úøéπç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆? conversation expressions...

É°æ¤púø’ °j

-†’ç* BÆœ†

-v°æ-¨¡o: éÀç-C °æ-ü∆-© π◊ ÆæÈ®j-† Pronunciation -ûÁ-©°æí∫-©®Ω’? Bear, Owl, yacht, Menace, Cheer (v), Cheers (n), Cop, Cheerful (adj), tyrant, martyr, Chaos, Career .

–-öÀ. -P-´, -†ç-CéÌ-ô÷\®Ω’ -ï-¢√-•’: 1) Bear=¶„-Å; 2) Owl=ñ˜™¸ -(Å--Ö™¸), 3) yacht=ߪ÷ö¸ 4) Menace=¢Á’†Æˇ ('¢Á’—ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) 5) Cheer=*µßª’; Cheers=*µßª’ñ¸.('ñ¸— size™ z™«) 6) Cop=鬰ˇ (鬖°-ü¿-´¤©’ í∫’çvúøçí¬ A°œp, Ø√©’éπ ´çéπ-®Ω-°-ôdçúÕ) 8) Cheerful='-*µßª’-°∂ˇ™ ¸ – '*µ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. 9) tyrant=õ„j®Ω-Ø˛ö¸ ('õ„j ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) 1) 10) martyr=´÷ô ('´÷— ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç)11) Chaos=Èéߪ’Æˇ ('Èé— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) 12) Career=éπJߪ’ ('JØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç)

Spoken English

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

(have been (be form) + used + to the heat (noun) (üËE-ÈéjØ√ ´’†ç ÉîËa Ê°®Ω’ noun. ü∆E •ü¿’©’ it / that / this etc. ™«çöÀN ¢√úø-´îª’a) b) Åûª-úÕéÀ night shifts (®√vA-¢Ë-∞¡©’ – duties) Å©-¢√õ‰ – He is used to night shifts. c) É™«çöÀ v¨¡´’ Åûª-úÕéÀ éÌûªh. éÌçûª é¬-™«-EéÀ

Å©-¢√ô’ °æúøû√úø’

He used to be very helpful to me 6)

the heat for past three years.

(áçúøí¬ØË Öçô’çC. é¬F í∫ûª ´‚úË-∞¡Ÿxí¬ ØËØ√ áçúøéÀ Å©-¢√ô’ °æú≈f. É°æ¤púø’ ÅC Ææ´’Ææu é¬ü¿’).

This kind of hard work is new to him, but he will be used to the work in course of time. d) ¢√úÕ boss Å´-´÷-Ø√©’ Åûª-úÕéÀ Å©-¢√õ‰ He is used to the insults from his boss. e) Pratap: How are you able to carry such a load?

(Åçûª •®Ω’¢Á™« ¢Á÷ߪ’-í∫©’_ûª’Ø√o´¤?) Sekhar: What a question? Weren't we (were we not) used to carrying heavier loads of books at school? (àç -v°æ-¨¡o -Å-C? School™ ´’†èπ◊ Éçûª-

éπØ√o •®Ω’-´¤†o °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ¢Á÷ߪ’ôç Å©--¢√-õ‰ éπü∆?) 鬕öÀd be used to Åçõ‰ Å©-¢√ô’ Öçúøôç, éÌûªh é¬éπ-§Ú-´ôç. be used to ûª®√yûª noun form (this food, the heat, the insults etc) é¬F, '... ing' form é¬F ´Ææ’hçC. be used to Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo- •öÀd, present,

(†Ææ-°õ‰d ®Ωéπç-™« ÖçC ¢√úÕ ¶µ«®Ωu .) Sravan: He is so used to her nagging that without it he feels he misses something.

(Ç †Ææ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË àüÓ ¢Á-L-Aí¬ Ö†oô’d ¶«üµ¿°æ-úø-û√úø’ ¢√úø’. Ç †Ææ-éπçûª Å©-¢√ô’ °æú≈fúø’) (is used to -nagging) Now practise the following:Sekhar:

†’´¤y *†o-°æ¤púø’ ¶«í¬ °æJ-Èí-ûËh-¢√-úÕN éπü∆? É°æ¤p-úËçöÀ ÅÆæ©’ éÌçûª ü¿÷®Ωç èπÿú≈ †úø-´-™‰éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? Pramod: Ñ office™ join Å®·-†-ûª-®√yûª Ø√èπ◊ ¢√£æ«†ç ÖçC éπü∆. *†o *†o ü¿÷®√-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈ bike O’ü¿ ¢Á∞¡xôç Å©-¢√--õ„i-§Ú-´-úøç ´©x, †úøéπ ûªT_çC. Sekhar: Å°æ¤púø’ ¶«í¬ slim í¬ ÖçúË ¢√úÕN èπÿú≈. Pramod: Ñ Nüµ¿-¢Á’i† @N-û√Eéπ©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úøôç ´©x weight èπÿú≈ °J-TçC. Eï¢Ë’. Sekhar: Bike ¢√úøôç ´÷ØËÆ œ urgent é¬E °æ†’-©èπ◊ †úø’. Pramod: †úø-¢√-©-E°œçîªü¿’ Ø√èπ◊. é¬F v°æߪ’-Aoç-î √L. à´·ç-C™‰, È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV©’ †úÕÊÆh Å©¢√ô’ °æúÕ-§Ú-û√†’. Å´¤†÷, †’´¤y Delhi ™ Öçô’-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆?Åéπ\úø AçúÕ Fèπ◊ °æúø’ûÓçü∆? Sekhar: Ææ´’ÊÆu ™‰ü¿’. Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-ú≈f†’. b) Dushyant: Hi Bharat, àçöÀ ´’K Sundays èπÿú≈ busy í¬ Öçô’-Ø√o´¤? Bharat: àç îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«´¤? Busy life éπ©-¢√-ô’-°æú≈f†’. É°æ¤púø’ °æE-™‰-éπ-§ÚûË àç ûÓîªü¿’. Dishyant: Í®°æ¤ promotion ´ÊÆh ¶«í¬ BJéπ Öçô’çC éπü∆? Å°æ¤púËç îË≤ƒh´¤? Bharat: Å°æ¤púø’ ü∆EéÀ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-û√†’. àüÁjØ√ ´÷®Ω’p éÌEo ®ÓV™‰ Ææ´’Ææu. Ç ûª®√yûª ü∆EéÀ Å©¢√-ô’-°æ-úøû√ç. Dushyant: Å´¤†’. Correct ´÷ ņo†’ ´÷ Å´÷t, Ø√†o î√™« Ææ’êçí¬ Â°çî√®Ω’. É°æ¤púø’ îª÷úø’. business™ ®ÓW 8 í∫çô-©-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ °æE-îË-≤ƒhúø’.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Balaram: Hi Damodar, how's your new bike? bike Damodar: I have used it for just a few days. I feel it is heavy for a man my size. So I find it a bit difficult to handle it. ( Size handle

(F éÌûªh

ᙫ ÖçC?)

éÌCl-®Ó-V-©’-í¬ØË éπü∆ ØË ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√o éπC éÌçîÁç •®Ω’¢Ë ÅEpü∆Eo. Ø√ îÁߪ’uôç ≤ÚhçC. Åçü¿’-éπE ü∆Eo é¬Ææh éπ≠dçæ í¬ ÖçC)

Balaram: Could it be a wrong choice? selection)

1) I will get used to 2) You will get used to handling it 3) He has got used to holding its weight 4) I got used to it Lessons be used to be used to be used to noun '...ing' form 1) She is used to the rudeness of her mother-inlaw.

Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ™ ¢√ú≈ç Åçõ‰ Å©-¢√ô’ éπü∆. ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ °æúøôç ÅE, é¬F, é¬F ´Ææ’hç-ü¿E.

Ç¢Á’ Åûªh-í¬J ü¿’®Ω’-Ææ’-ûª-Ø√-EéÀ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúÕ-§Ú®·çC. (Ééπ\úø rudeness, noun)

(F áç°œéπ (Åç-ûª ÆæÈ®jçC é¬üË¢Á÷ ņ’èπ◊ç-ö«¢√?)

2) They are used to working for low wages.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

ûªèπ◊\´ @û√-©èπ◊ °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç ¢√∞¡x-éπ-©-¢√õ‰. (Åçõ‰ éÌûËhO’ é¬ü¿’. ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿’™ éÌûªhí¬ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-ú≈Lqç-üËO’ ™‰ü¿’)

113

b) Having been poor till now, he is yet to be used/ yet to get used to/ yet to become used to, the comforts of rich life

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Hü¿-¢√-úø’í¬ Öçúø-ôç-´©x, üµ¿Eéπ @Nûª Ææ’ë«-©-éÀçé¬ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-™‰-ü¿-ûª†’/ ÅN Åûª-EéÀçé¬ éÌûªh/ -Å-ûª-EéÀ ÅN É•sç-Cí¬ ÖØ√o®·.

I got used to it Damodar: (I) Can't say anything now. I think I will get used to it as days pass.

(É°æ¤púËç îÁ°æp-™‰†’. ®ÓV©’ í∫úÕîËéÌDl Å©-¢√ô’°æúø-í∫-©-†-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o)

3) This street boy is used to the cold of the winter.

Ñ OCµ-¶«-©’úø’ Qû√-é¬-©°æ¤ îªL-éπ-©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úøf-¢√úË. äéÓ\-≤ƒJ, noun •ü¿’©’, is èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC. M. SURESAN °j conversation ™ get used to èπÿ, Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ´’†ç îª÷Æœ† be used to èπ◊ Å®Ωnç™, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç™ áçûÓ ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’. 'be used to' èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd ÆæÈ®j† tense form ûÓ get used to ¢√úÌa:

Balaram: I think so too.

(؈÷ Å™«Íí ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o) Damodar: Once it begins to move I feel very comfortable riding it. Only when I have to stand it do I feel the weight

(éπü¿-©ôç ¢Á·ü¿-™„jûË î√™« £æ…®·í¬ Öçô’çC. ü∆Eo Stand ¢Ëߪ÷Lq ´*a-†°æ¤púË •®Ω’-´-E-°œ-Ææ’hçC). But I enjoy the ride.

(Å®·ûË ü∆EO’ü¿ Ææ-¢√-K î√™« Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ Öçô’çC) Balaram: Don't worry. You will get used to handling it. Look at Arjun. He is Shorter than you and his bike heavier than yours. I See him handling it with ease. He has got used to holding its weight.

(àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. †’´¤y ûªy®Ω-í¬ØË ü∆E •®Ω’´¤èπ◊ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-û√´¤. Å®Ω’b-Ø˛†’ îª÷úø’ ¢√úø’ F éπçõ‰ §ÒöÀd, ¢√úÕ bike F ü∆Eéπçõ‰ •®Ω’´¤. é¬E ü∆Eo ¢√úø’ î√™« Ææ’©’´¤í¬ handle îË≤ƒhúø’. ¢√úø’ Å©-¢√ô’ °æú≈fúø’) Damodar: Yes That was my Experience of my cycle too, when I had my First Cycle, I Was just 7 or 8 years old and the cycle felt heavy , but I got used to it. Cycle Cycle

(Å´¤†’ Ø√ ûÓ Å†’-¶µº´ç èπÿú≈ ÅüË. ؈’ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJí¬ é̆o°æ¤púø’, Ø√èπ◊ àúË∞x áE-N’-üË∞x Å°æ¤púø’ Ø√èπ◊ Cycle •®Ω’-´-E°œç-îËC. é¬F Å©-¢√ô’ °æú≈f ü∆E •®Ω’-´¤éÀ.

Balaram: I ride a bike well, but I have yet to get used to the traffic of Hyderabad. I think it will be a few more weeks before I can drive comfortably in such traffic. Traffic drive

(Ø√éÀçé¬ Ñ Â£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ™ îËߪ’ôç Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-™‰ü¿’. ÉçéÌEo ¢√®√©-èπ◊-í¬E Ææ’êçí¬ drive îËߪ’-™‰-†-†’-èπ◊çö«)

OK. I must be going. Bye (Oh, Bye) Damodar: Bye Conversations Get used to expressions Lessons be used to

ØËEéπ ¢Á∞«xL

Ñ

™ ûÓ Ö†o í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ™ Åçû√ èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† N´-®√©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ Get used to ®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:

Spoken English

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 16 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

a)

b)

ÉO be used to, got used to, became used to Å®√n©÷, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’. ´’Sx Ææçví∫-£æ«çí¬... 1) be (get/ become) used to ûª®√yûª noun é¬F, ...ing form é¬F ´≤ƒh®·. Ist RDW ®√ü¿’. Å®Ωnç – Å©-¢√-ô-´ôç, éÌûªh-é¬-éπ-§Ú-´ôç, É•sçC éπ©-í∫-éπ§Ú-´ôç. 2) be (get/ become) used to à tense ™ØÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a, Öçúøôç, Ωu ïJÍí 鬙«-Eo-•öÀd. PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN ENGLISH: Sneha: Hi Maithri:

¢Á’ivB, ᙫ ÖçC Ééπ\úÕ éÌûªh @Nûªç? Ø√Íéç éÌûªh ÅE°œç-îª-ôç-™‰ü¿’. Å©-¢√-õ„j-§Ú®·çC. ô÷d F™«çöÀ friends Öçúø-ôç-´©x Sneha: ´’J O’ Çߪ’† Ææçí∫A? In the beginning I could not adjust to the Maithri: Çߪ’-†Íé é¬Ææh Ææ´’-Ææuí¬ ÖçC. Çߪ’-†C hostel food, but I got used to it as time went marketing job éπü∆? Ééπ\úÕ market B®Ω’on/but I am now used to it ûÁ-†’o-©-éÀçé¬ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-™‰-ü∆-ߪ’†. Ééπ\úÕ ¢Á·ü¿ô hostel food °æúËC é¬ü¿’, é¬F ®ÓV©’ market Çߪ’-†èπ◊ °æ‹Jhí¬ éÌûªh. í∫úÕ-îË-éÌCl Å©-¢√-õ„j-§Ú-®·çC; É°æ¤úø’ ؈’ ü∆EéÀ Sneha: Åçü¿’™ ¶µ«≠æ èπÿú≈ ûËú≈ éπü∆? é¬Ææh time °æôd-´îª’a Å©-¢√ô’ °æúø-ö«-EéÀ. Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-ú≈f†’. Maithri: ÉçTx ≠ˇ ûÁL-Æœ†îÓôx Çߪ’-†-ÍéO’ °∂æ®√y-™‰ü¿’. How long did it take for you to get used to Çߪ ’ -†èπ◊ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ Ææ綵«-≠æù Å©-¢√õ‰. the climate of Kashmir? ≤ƒnEé𠶵«≠æ Å®·-ûËØË Ææ´’Ææu. é¬Qt®˝ ¢√û√-´-®Ω-ù«-EéÀ Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úø-ö«-E-Èéçûª time Sneha: ´’£æ… Å®·ûË ÉçéÓ ØÁ© °æôd-´-a™‰. Ç °æöÀdçC Fèπ◊? ûª®√yûª Å©-¢√õ„j §Úûª’çC.

c) I think he hasn't yet got used to working for long hours here unlike in his previous job

Ééπ\úø áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ°æ¤ °æE-îË-ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úÕçé¬ Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úø-™‰-ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«, ¢√úÕç-ûª-èπ◊-´·ç-ü¿’†o job ™™« é¬èπ◊çú≈. d) People in government jobs find it difficult to get used to working in private organisations. private

v°æ¶µº’ûªy 鬮√u-©-ߪ÷™x °æE-îËÊÆ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ÆæçÆæn™x °æEîËߪ’ú≈-EéÀ Å©¢√ô’ °æúøôç éπ≠dçæ í¬ Öçô’çC. °j (b), (c), (d) ™x `be used to' èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.

b) How long did it take for you to get used to...? = How long did take for you to be used to....? c) I think he hasn't yet got used to working = I think he hasn't been used to working d) People in government jobs find it difficult to get used to working- People in government jobs find it difficult to be used to working in... become ´ be used to, get used to used to a) I've got used/ I've become used to/ I've been used to this kind of treatment from the Boss Boss (treatment=

¢√úË îÓôx

èπÿú≈ ¢√úÌa.

†Eo™« îª÷úøôç ¢Ájü¿uç, ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç. Ééπ\-úø Å®Ωnç äéπ®Ω’ ÉçéÌ-éπJo îª÷úøôç, Åçõ‰ íı®Ω-Nç-îªôç, ©-éπ-†í¬ îª÷úøôç, üËy≠æç Öçúøôç, ™„éπ\-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´ôç ™«çöÀN: Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬ boss ††’o îª÷úøôç (treat îËߪ’ôç) Ø√èπ◊ éÌûËhO’ é¬ü¿’.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

ANSWER: Sneha: How is the new life here, Maithri? Maithri: I don't find it new/ different any more; especially with friends like you around. Sneha: What about your husband/ hubby? Maithri: He finds it a little problem/ He has some trouble. Hence a marketing job, isn't it? He hasn't yet got used to/ He has yet to get used to the trends of the market here. The market here is entirely/ completely/ totally new to him.

Sneha: Moreover the language here is different, so he may take (some) time to get used to it. Maithri: Where English is known/ Where people know English, he hasn't any problem. He is used to communicating in English. The problem is with the local language. Sneha: At the most he may take a month to get used to the circumstances/ situation here. That's all.

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç-Ø√-öÀ -Å-¶µ«u≤ƒ-© Ææ-´÷-üµ∆-Ø√-©’:

a) Sekhar: You used to be good at running/used to run well/used to be a good runner when you were young. Why aren't you able to walk even a short distance? Pramod: After I joined this office, I got a vehicle. I am used to going on the bike even for short distances. So I walk less now. Sekhar: You used to be very slim. Pramod: True. Because I am used to this kind of life and my weight has increased too/ has gone up too/ I have put on weight. Sekhar: Stop using the bike. Walk for things not urgent. Pramod: I don't feel like. But I must try. That's nothing, of course. If I walk for 2 or 3 days, I will be used to walking you are in Delhi now. Are you used to the food there? Sekhar: No problem. I am used to it. / I have got used to it. b) Dushyant: Hi Bharat, you are busy on Sundays too/ even on Sundays, what's the matter? Bharat: What can I do. I am used to this busy life. I feel bad/ out of sorts if I don't have enough work. Dushyant: If you get promotion, you will have a lot of leisure. What will you do then? Bharat: I will be used to it then change a problem for only a few days. After that we are used to it. Dushyant: Yes, that's right. My parents brought up my brother in all comfort. But look now. In his business, he now works for more than eight hours.

-v°æ-¨¡o: 1. Leave letter ®√Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’, (Head mas- -v°æ-¨¡o: Am, is, are + V3 = ï®Ω-í∫-•úÕ Öçúøôç ™‰ü∆ ter †’ address îËÆæ÷h ï®Ω-í∫-•-úøúøç (™‰ü∆) È®çúø’ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ Ææç-ü¿-®√s¥-†’Teachers) Kindly grant me, ≤ƒ-®Ωçí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√™«? -á-™« ¢√ú≈-L? ÅE ®√ߪ’úøç ûª§ƒp, may I – -áÆˇ.-ü¿’®√_®√-´¤, é¬éÀ-Ø√-úø request you ÅE ®√ߪ’úøç cor- -ï-¢√-•’: am/ is / are + v3 (past participle) Ñ rect Å´¤-ûª’çü∆, ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. combination ™ Ö†o verb passive voice ™ Öçô’çC. Å®Ωnç '•úø’— ÅE ´Ææ’hçC. 2.Respected Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a, Yours sincerely / Yours 1) The poem is written by John = John îËûª Ç faithfully -à-C -Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√-L? poem ®√ߪ’-•-úÕçC Å-E Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√L. The poem has been written/ was written by – -G-.-vQ-E-¢√Æˇ, éÌ-´‹y®Ω’ John ÅØËC Éçûª-éπçõ‰ better form. -ï-¢√-•’: 1. È®çúø÷ correct. May I request you ÅØËC am/ is/ are + pp (past participle - v3) - ÉC habité¬Ææh formal. 2. Respected Sir, ņôç correct é¬ü¿’. Sir, ÅE ual action èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√ú≈L. Å®·-§Ú-®·† action Ææç¶-CµÊÆh î√©’. Respected sir ÆæÈ®j† English Å®·ûË, has been + pp/ was/ were + pp ¢√úøôç é¬ü¿’. Leave letter ´’†-éπçõ‰ °j ÅCµ-é¬-JéÀ ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’, time state îË-¨»-´÷, ™‰ü∆ Å-ØËü∆Eo •öÀd. address îËÆ œ-†-°æ¤púø’ yours faithfully, ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ. 2) He is gone ¢√úø’-éπ™  ÖçC– He has gone ÅØË Yours sincerely ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Å®Ωnç-ûÓ. -É-ç-ü¿’™ ûª°æ¤p-™‰ü¿’.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Jagan: Mohan, when did you last meet kumar?

Jagan: I see him the other day when he was talking to someone.

(èπ◊´÷®˝†’ á°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√o´¤, *´-®Ωí¬?) Mohan: Just yesterday. He was going home from office. office

(E†oØË. ¢√úø’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh†o°æ¤púø’)

†’ç* ÉçöÀéÀ

Jagan: Do you meet frequently?

(O’®Ω’ ûª®Ωîª÷ éπ©’Ææ’èπ◊ç-ö«®√?) Mohan: We used to. Of late, however, we haven’t been seeing each other that frequently. His writing stories for the magazine keeps him busy.

(í∫ûªç™ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË¢√∞¡xç. Ñ ´’üµ¿u Åçûª ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ éπ©-´ôç ™‰ü¿’. °ævA-éπèπ◊ éπü∑¿©’ ®√ߪ’ôç™ Åûªúø’ busy í¬ Öçö«úø’) Of late = lately = Ñ ´’üµ¿u = recently. of late/ lately éÀ, late èπ◊ Å®Ωnç™ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’ – late = Ç©Ææuç

(-¢Á·-ØÁo°æ¤p-úÓ Åûªúø’ á´-J-ûÓØÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª’çõ‰ ؈ûªEo îª÷¨») Mohan: He has a number of admirers.

(Åûª-úÕE ÅGµ-´÷-EçîË¢√∞¡Ÿx î√™«´’çC ÖØ√o®Ω’.) admirers = ÅGµ-´÷-EçîË¢√∞¡Ÿx = fans. Admire = äéπJ v°æA-¶µº†’ ¢Á’a-éÓ-´ôç Jagan: He deserves verbs including habits, facts of science, universal truths 1st column verbs I RDW, II column verbs II Regular Doing Words

Ñ

(Åûªúø’ ü∆EéÀ Å®Ω’|úË) deserve = Å®Ω|ûª éπLT Öçúøôç

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Mohan: He writes well. He has written about 40 stories and short stories so far.

™

†’

†’

2)

(É°æ¤púË °æ‹®Ωh-®·† °æ†’-©èπ◊, -´÷-ô-©-†’ ¢√úøû√ç) (îªC-¢√†’ –

îÁ°æpôç ™‰ü¿’)

c) They have just gone out -

¢√∞¡Ÿx á°æ¤p-úÌ≤ƒh®Ω’ ®ÓW Ééπ\-úÕéÀ?

-¢√--∞¡Ÿx -É°æ¤p-úË •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞«x®Ω’. IV He has been writing for long. have been + ing / has present been + ing. perfect continuous tense

Do you meet him frequently?

(Åûªúø’ ¶«í¬ØË ®√≤ƒhúø’. É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 40 éπü∑¿©÷, éπü∑∆-E-éπ©’ ®√¨»úø’)

ûª† 50-´ †´©†’ Çߪ’† ´îËa Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç °æ‹Jh îË≤ƒh-úø-†’-èπ◊çö«.

Jagan: Has he been writing for long?

(Åûª†’ î√™«é¬©çí¬ ®√Ææ’h-Ø√oú≈?) Mohan: He started writing at the age of 18 itself. He had written for the school and college magazines before he took to serious writing

(18 à∞¡xÍé ®√ߪ’ôç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√-úø-ûª†’. ®√ߪ’ôç serious í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË´·çü¿’ school, college magazines èπ◊ ®√¨»úø’) Jagan: Any idea of bring out a collection of all his stories?

(ÅEo éπü∑¿©’ äéπ Ææç°æ¤-öÀí¬ -ûÁ-îËa Ç™-îªØË-´’Ø√o Öçü∆?) Bringing out = v°æ-Jç-îªôç, collection = (®Ω N≠æ-ߪ’ç™) Ææç°æ¤öÀ Mohan: A publishing company will soon publish it. It will be out this June, I think.

(ã v°æ-®Ω-ù«-©ßª’ç ûªy®Ω-™ØË Ç Ææç°æ¤öÀE v°æ-J-Ææ’hçC. Ñ June ™ v°æ-J-≤ƒh-®Ω-†’èπ◊çö«)

Jagan: My best wishes to him. tenses lesson

(î√™«´’çC §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊©’ Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’ç-úø-ôçûÓ Ñ îËÆæ’hØ√ç, í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ)

í∫’Jç* ´’Sx ´’Sx ™ tenses revise

Åûªúø’

É™« ᙫçöÀ ÈéjØ√

¢√úøû√ç.

Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ

ÅØ√o äéπõ‰,

ÅØ√o äéπ\õ‰.

É™«çöÀ verb forms †’ present simple/ present indefinite tense Åçö«®Ω’.- Ñ verbs ™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ column ™ Ö†o verbs †’ I, we, you and they ûÓ, È®çúÓ column ™E verbs- sings, writes, etc -†’ he, she, it ûÓ -¢√-úø-û√ç. Question ™, not ûÓ 1st column ™ ÖçúË verbs èπ◊ ‘do’ ´Ææ’hçC. II column ™ ÖçúË verbs èπ◊ does ´Ææ’hçC.

É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o °æ†’-©èπ◊ Ñ a) I am reading the paper - É°æ¤púø’ b) She is singing - É°æ¤púø’ c) They are walking - É°æ¤púø’

Åçö«ç– í∫ûªç™ v§ƒ®Ω綵º-¢Á’i Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o °æ†’-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.

year and a half

-à-ú≈-C-†o®Ωí¬

AP

E é¬çvÈíÆˇ §ƒL-≤ÚhçC.

PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING IN ENGLISH: Prabha:

Ææ’ï† ††’o ûª®Ω disturb îËÆæ’hçC. †ØÁo-°æ¤púø’ disturb îËߪ’ü¿’. Prabha: Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ø√èπ◊ -Ø√--©’í∫’≤ƒ®Ω’x phone îËÆœçC. Subha: Ø√éÀç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. Prabha: Ǣ˒üÓ é¬®Ω’-éÌ-Eç-ü¿ô. Ç N≠æߪ’ç É°æp-öÀéÀ Ø√èπ◊ °æ-C≤ƒ®Ω’x phone îËÆœçC. Subha:

ANSWER:

¢√úøû√ç.

Prabha: Sujana disturbs me often. Subha: She never disturbs me. Prabha: She has phoned four times so far

III. have (for, I, we, you and they) + past participle/ has (for, he, she, it) present perfect tense. 1) for past actions, time not stated time 2) for action going on from then till now,

ÉC

DE-E–

(í∫ûªç™ ïJT,

-D-E-E

Congress has been ruling AP for the past

îË≤ƒhúø’.

É-C

Do you meet him frequently? verb - do meet. do meet meet meet, meets, sing sings write writes come comes watch watches

Ééπ\úø

smoke He smokes (Habit) 4) The sun rises in the east - universal truth. Regular Regular actions Doing Words M. SURESAN present simple Tense. 5) Writing for the magazine keeps him busy. II. am + ...ing / is + ...ing / are + ...ing for actions taking place now. This tense is present continuous tense. tense 3)

Å-ØË

a) I have read some of his novels, Time b) He has studied here for the past one year

When do they come here everyday?

Mohan: He will be completing his fiftieth novel next year

just, just now

(äéπ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωçí¬ Çߪ’† Ééπ\úø îªC-¢√úø’)

He comes here everyday.

114

3) for actions just completed.

véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ïJÍí °æ†’-©èπ◊–

èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. ™ Åçö«ç. 1) ¢√úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®ÓW ´≤ƒhúø’

Jagan: I have read some of his stories. They are quite good.

(؈’ ÅûªúÕ éπü∑¿©’ éÌEo îªC¢√. ¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o®·)

-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 18 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

today. Subha: She hasn’t called me so far. Prabha: She has bought a car. She has phoned about it to me 10 times.

ûÁL-ߪ’E °æ†’-©èπ◊)

(Å°æpöÀ†’ç* – É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æ†’-©èπ◊)

-v°æ-¨¡o: ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ Being, Been °æü∆©’ passive voice ™ é¬èπ◊çú≈ Éçé¬ à Nüµ¿çí¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√ßÁ÷ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Öü∆: éÀçC ¢√é¬u-™-x ¶µ«¢√Eo ûÁ©-°æ-ö«-EéÀ ؈’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-*† Been, Being °æü∆© v°æßÁ÷í∫ç ÆæJí¬_ ÖçüÓ, ™‰üÓ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. 1. Being their faithful servant, finally he cheated them. 2. Being she is very intelligent, she succeeded in dealing the situation. 3. Being it is one of the finest products of Wipro, today it is known to every customer/ consumer. 4. Being she was disgraceful in public by him, she has decided not to talk Ravi from now on. class today. 6. Been our companion for 6 months, she is not coming to us as she has became a famous TV anchor today. 7. Miss Savithri Been practising the violin since 6 months, now she has improved.

Spoken English

– v¨»´ùÀ, †çü∆u©

-¢√-öÀéÀ

corrections.

ÉC ûª°æ¤p. Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’. †´’t-éπ-¢Á’i† ÊÆ´-èπ◊-úø-´ôç ´©x ¢Á÷Ææç î˨»úø’– ÉC ûª°æ¤p éπü∆. †´’t-éπ-¢Á’i† servant í¬ Öçô÷ØË – Åçõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’, Inspite of being their faithful servant.... Åçõ‰ ÆæÈ®j-† Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. 2) Being she is very intelligent - ÉC Wrong construction. Being ï¢√•’: i) a) Being ÅØ√o having been ÅØ√o Å®Ωnç– Öçúøôç, ûÓ verb ÖçúË group of words ®√-´¤. (Ñ group ™ is ÅØË verb Öçúøôç ´©x, ÖçúÕ-†ç-ü¿’-´©x (í∫ûªç™, ´·êuçí¬ having ÖçC éπü∆) – Ééπ\úø correctionbeen ņo-°æ¤púø’). Öûªh been ®√ü¿’. Being very intelligent, she succeeded.... b) being/ having been ûª®√yûª verb ûÓ Ö†o group of words ®√´¤. 3) Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈, °j sentence ™ ™«í¬ØË, i) Being : We don’t like his being here

ii) Having been: His having been a collector was helpful to us. (Åûªúø’ collector í¬ Öçúøôç ´÷èπ◊ ¢Ë’©-®·uçC– í∫ûªç™) Ñ È®çúø’ sentences ™ being Åçõ‰ É°æ¤púø’ Öçúøôç, Having been Åçõ‰ í∫ûªç™ Öçúøôç ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC éπü∆? Being / Having been = Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x / Å®·†çü¿’´©x a) Being weak, he is unable to walk

8. Been/ Being it was very hot sunny they didnot attend the

sentences-

1) Being their faithful servant, he cheated them -

Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø Öçúøôç ´÷éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’. (being = Öçúøôç)

5. Been/ Being beaten by his master Ravi didnot come to

meeting yesterday.

Ééπ O’

•©-£‘«-†çí¬ Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x, †úø-´-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. b) Having been weak, he was unable to walk

•©-£‘«-†çí¬ Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x †úø-´-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ (í∫ûªç).

Being one of the finest products of Wipro, it is known today.... 4) Being disgraced in public by him, she has decided not to talk to him. 5) Having been beaten by his master, Ravi did not come to class action past having been Being today. beaten

-Ééπ\-úø é¬-•-öÀd, ®√-ü¿’. 6) Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈, though / inspite of ¢√ú≈L.

-´Ææ’hç-C.

Inspite of having been our companian for 6 months, she .... today. ( ‘been’

Öûªh

®√ü¿’)

7) Having been practising the violin for the past six months,... 8) It being a hot / sunny day.....

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

II Sravan: Hi Bhavan, when do you start for your class? class Bhavan: Usually at 10. Today I am a little late.

(O’

èπ◊ †’´¤y á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-û√´¤?)

(´÷´‚-©’í¬ 10 éÀ. É¢√∞¡ é¬Ææh Ç©Ææuç Åߪ÷u) Sravan: And when does the class begin? (Class

´÷´‚-©’í¬ á°æ¤púø’ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’-´¤ûª’çC?)

Bhavan: Usually at 10.30.

(´÷´‚-©’í¬ 10.30 éÀ) ™‰¢Ë¢Á÷ éπü∆?)

(Eï¢Ë’. ´÷ °ôd®Ω’)

II (b)

™ èπÿú≈ The boys (they) are coming ™ D†®Ωnç ¢√∞¡Ÿx É°æ¤úø’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ ÅE É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o action †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. Å™«Íí Hemanth is playing cricket - DØÓx verb is playing - is + ...ing É°æ¤púø’ Çúø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, ÅE É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o action †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓçC. 鬕öÀd am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing - they talk verb - are + coming - are + ...ing.

about actions going on now.

Ñ

Sravan: Perhaps you donot have the class on Sundays. (Sunday classes Bhavan: That’s true. The teacher does not hold classes on Saturday either. teacher classes Sravan: Does he teach only for five days a week?

-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 20 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing forms of verb

- present continuous tense. Are you coming? - verb, are coming -

†’´¤y

´Ææ’h-Ø√o¢√ (É°æ¤púø’)?

¨¡E-¢√-®√©’ èπÿú≈

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

a) I am leaving for Guntur tomorrow

b) My sister is coming here next week next week time is comfuture action ing c) My Parents (they) are starting for Kasi tomorrow

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈

115

PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING

؈’ Í®°æ¤ í∫’çô÷®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o†’. (Tomorrow, future (´·çü¿’ ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ûÓç-ü¿E) ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓçC éπü∆?) ÅE

îÁ°æpôç ´©x, †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓçC.

When does the class begin? (Åçõ‰ Çߪ’† ¢√®√-EéÀ 5 ®ÓV™‰Ø√ class îÁÊ°pC?)

Who is singing? - verb, is singing -

Am I talking toomuch - verb - am talking - am + ing -

Bhavan: Yes, we like it that way too.

áèπ◊\´ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oØ√ (É°æ¤púø’)? (´·çü¿’ ï®Ω-í∫-¶ßË’) èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç, time í∫†éπ îÁÊ°h. Åçõ‰ Past action, time known (í∫ûªç™ ïJT à time™ – °∂晫Ø√ ®ÓW, Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç, Æ洒ߪ’ç ûÁLÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç Å™«çöÀ actionsèπ◊) Past doing word ¢√úøû√ç a) He has gone out (has gone- has + pp; •ßª’-öÀÈé-∞«xúø’– No time mentioned) b) He went out an hour ago (í∫çô éÀçü¿ô ÅE time îÁ°æ¤ hØ√oç 鬕öÀd - went - past doing word. u am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing, future actions

(´÷èπÿ ÅüË É≠ædç)

M. SURESAN Look at the following sentences from the dialogue above. 1) When do you start for college? 2) When does the class begin? 3) You do not have classes on Sundays. 4) The teacher does not hold classes. 5) Does he teach only for 5 days a week? lesson I Regular Doing Words (come, go, sing I, we, you and they II Regular Doing Words (comes, goes, sings he, she, it regular actionsnot question I Regular Doing Word (I RDW) - do + Ist RDW II Regular Doing Word (II RDW) does + Ist RDW conversation pick up sentences 1) When do you start? - verb - do start (Question start (in a statement) 2) When does the class begin? - verb - does begin (in a question) = begins (statement 3) You do not have classes on Sundays - verb do have (not have (not 4) The teacher does not hold classes - verb does hold (not holds (not 5) Does he teach only for ... ? - verb - does teach (question teaches (statement II Compare the following pairs of sentences: (compare = pairs = I (a) I go to college at 10 b) I am going to college II (a) The boys come here in the evenings b) The boys are coming. III (a) Hemanth plays cricket b) Hemanth is playing

éÀçü¿öÀ

™ ´’†ç– ™«çöÀN, ûÓ ¢√úËN), ™«çöÀN, ûÓ ¢√úËN) í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. OöÀE véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ïJÍí °æ†’-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Éçé¬ OöÀE ûÓ, ™ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’

Å´¤-ûª’çC, É¢Ë Â°j

Å´¤-ûª’çC. ™ ™ ÖØ√o®· îª÷úøçúÕ:

îËÆœ†

鬕öÀd) =

a) I have bought the book b) I bought it yesterday

™ time ™‰ü¿’ – 鬕öÀd have bought - have + PP. (b) ™ yesterday ÅE time îÁ°æ¤ hØ√oç, 鬕öÀd - bought - past doing word] [ (a)

Past doing word - came, went, walked, cooked, liked, loved

™«çöÀN not ûÓ é¬F, ques™ é¬E did + 1st Regular Doing Word Å´¤-û√®· éπü∆? tion

a) He came yesterday X He did not come yesterday (Not

™‰éπ-§ÚûË)

ûÓ) =

™‰èπ◊çú≈)

鬕öÀd) =

§Ú©açúÕ,

™)

ïûª©’)

sentences (I (a), II (a), III (a)) verbs, I RDW and II RDW regular actions I (b) verb - am going - am + ...ing college action

°j

™

éπü∆? Åçõ‰ ÅN

†’ îÁ§ƒh®·.

™

ÉC èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o†’, ÅE É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.

Spoken English

ÖçC 鬕öÀd

did come)

Question: Did he come yesterday? (Question-

™)

ûÓ) =

á´®Ω’ §ƒúø’-

ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’ (É°æ¤púø’)?

did come)

ÅE time îÁ°æpôç, are coming èπÿú≈ †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓç-ü¿E Å®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûª’çC. u éÌEo verbs †’ am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing form ™ ¢√úøç éπü∆: ÅN a) ´’†-Ææ’èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç*† love, hate, like, dislike, feel ™«çöÀN b) ´’† mind èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† know, understand, remember, forget, think ™«çöÀN; c) appear, Tomorrow future action

belong, comprise, contain, consist of, need, am + ing/ is seem + ing/ are + ing forms

™«çöÀN. OöÀ™x ¢ËöÀéÀ èπÿú≈ ™‰´¤.

u have + past participle/ has + participle present perfect formpast action, time not stated a) They have seen the movie (verb - have seen movie - have + pp

DEo DEéÀ äéπ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç, éπü∆?

Åçö«ç.

¢√∞¡Ÿx ûÁLߪ’ôç ™‰ü¿’)

îª÷¨»®Ω’– á°æ¤p-úø-ØËC

They saw the movie yesterday verb saw past doing word. simple past tense

(¢√∞¡Ÿx E†o îª÷¨»®Ω’– Ñ ¢√é¬uEo Åçö«ç)

ÉC

-ï-¢√-•’:

– ®Ω-´’-ù, -ߪ÷-Ø√ç

†’Oy ´’üµ¿u ¨¡çûª-Ø˛-ØË-´’Ø√o éπL-¨»¢√? á°æ¤púÓ ¢√®Ωç-éÀçü¿ éπE-°œç-î√úø’. ¢√úø’ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ ¢Á∞Ïx N≠æߪ’ç FûÓ à´’Ø√o îÁ§ƒpú≈ Ç®ÓV? Suman: ¢√úø’ next monday •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. Pavan: ¢√úø’ Ø√èπ◊ éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-é¬-L-î √aúø’. ¢√öÀE AJTîËaߪ÷©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ¢√úø’ ††’o ¢√®Ωçí¬ éπ©-´-™‰ü¿’. Suman: Åûª†’ EFo-®ÓV éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-úø-†’-èπ◊çö«. Pavan: FÈ陫 ûÁ©’Ææ’? Suman: ¢√®Ωç éÀçü¿ éπL-¨»†’ éπü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ Ø√ûÓ ÅØ√oúø’. ANSWER Pavan: Have you met Santhan recently/ of late? Suman: I saw him about a week ago Pavan: Did he tell you/ talk to you that day about his going to the US Suman: He is leaving next monday. Pavan: He has given me some books. I want to return them. He hasn’t (has not) met me for a week. Suman: I think he is meeting/ is seeing/ will see you today. Pavan: How do you know? Suman: I met him a week ago, didn’t I? He told me then.

Ñ game practice îËߪ’çúÕ Suneetha gave the book to me.

(Ææ’Fûª Ø√ π◊ °æ¤Ææhéπç É*açC) ¢ËÍ® subjects, ¢ËÍ® verbs ûÓ ™, ûÓ, dialogue form ™ áEo ®√ߪ’-í∫-©’-í∫’-û√®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ.

sentences question not

É™«çöÀ

b) I saw him last night X I did not see him last did see) night (not c) They bought a car a year ago X They did not buy a car a year ago. (not did buy) did + 1st RDW: Questions Did you see him last night? Did they buy a car a year ago?

eg: a) They distribute sweets to children b) Harish did not show his book to me c) Does he tell his secrets to you? Raghu: Has he written any letter to you? Ramana: I wrote one to him yesterday. Raghu: He made a call to me yesterday. He gave his address to me. Do you want it? Ramana: Give it to me.

3) None of the sentences is correct. The correct sentence is: If you have two pens, please give me one/ please give one to me.

-v°æ-¨¡o: ؈’ ûÁ©’í∫’ O’úÕߪ’ç Nü∆u-JnE-E. 鬙¸ ÂÆçô®˝ ÖüÓuí∫ç îËߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. éπÈ®-é˙dí¬ English spell îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ Pronunciation Audio Casettes , Foreign Accent èπ◊ Ææç•çCµç* Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË cassettes í∫’Jç* ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. •’é˙q à¢Á’iØ√ ´÷È®\öx -Öç-ö«ßª÷? – Èé.--´’-ߪ‚-J, é¬--@Ê°-ô -ï-¢√-•’:

ÖçC 鬕öÀd

ÖçC 鬕öÀd

™ èπÿú≈

-v°æ-¨¡o:

Where we have to use ‘to’ 1. I) Naveen told Ramana. II) Naveen told to Ramana. Which is correct ? 2. I) After the meeting, please come to me. II) After the meeting, please come me. 3. I) If you have two pens please give me. II) If you have two pens please give to me. Which is correct? Please tell me proper usage of ‘to’. Generally we use ‘off’ as switch off, Turn off, power off like that in order to stop some thing. In your article you had told that ‘how did the marriage go off’. Tell me the usage of ‘off’ also. 1) Naveen told Ramana is correct. ‘Tell’ is not followed by to. 2) Please come to me - is correct, come is followed by to before a place/ person.

Pavan: Suman: Pavan:

The uses of to: It has a number of uses. We use ‘to’ before a place, a person, after a number of verbs. Please refer to the earlier lessons of spoken English on prepositions, for the correct uses of to, off, etc. ‘How did the marriage go off?’ In this sentence ‘go off’ is a phrasal verb, and ‘off’ is a part of it. ‘Go off’- the set of words here, as a whole means, ‘take place’.

1) Pronunciation Audio Casettes, CIEFL (Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages) Casettes book shops BBC, CNN TV Channels Newscasts 2) Books Oxford/ Langman’s Dictionary pronunciation follow British/ AmericanPronunciation

¢√∞¡x û√®·. °ü¿l ´·êuçí¬ N†çúÕ. N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh

O’èπ◊°æßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø™ üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√®·.

Å´çúÕ– È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩

¢√öÀ™ x

É≤ƒh®Ω’.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm