OUR FINDINGS
In 2000, less than a quarter of all native U.S.- and foreign-born residents held a bachelor’s degree or higher, while 69.1 percent of Indian immigrants held such degrees, as did 66.6 percent of those from Taiwan and 42.7 percent from China. See Figure 4 for more detail.
Why They Came to the United States Very few immigrant key founders of engineering and high-technology companies say they entered the United States with the express intention of starting a new company. We found that 52.3 percent primarily came to study, 39.8 percent because of a job opportunity, and only 1.6 percent entered the United States for the sole purpose of entrepreneurship. See Figure 5. Those founders who were willing to disclose their entry-visa information cited the F1 student academic visa and the H1 temporary worker visa.
Figure 4 Educational Attainment of Select Immigrant Groups (2000 U.S. Census)
When They Came to the United States The majority of the key founders who established engineering and technology businesses from 1995 to 2005 entered the country from 1980 to 1999. Moreover, a substantial majority (76.7 percent) entered the United States after 1980. See Figure 6.
Figure 5 Primary Reason for Which Immigrant Founders of Engineering and Technology Companies Came to the United States
Together, these responses paint an interesting portrait of America’s immigrant entrepreneurs. These are individuals who initially entered the United States either as students or as employees of corporations that sponsored their visas, but eventually they created new businesses. These founders are very well-educated, particularly in STEM disciplines, suggesting that research, technical education, and thought leadership are drivers of newbusiness generation. Additionally, we found an average 13.25-year lag between a key founder’s arrival in the United States and firm formation.
Education, Entrepreneurship and Immigration: America’s New Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Part II 8