Edexcel A-level Bio3 June 2005 Qp
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- Words: 1,254
- Pages: 20
Centre No.
Surname
Paper Reference
6 1 0 3
Candidate No.
0 3
Initial(s)
Signature
Paper Reference(s)
6103/03
Examiner’s use only
Edexcel GCE
Team Leader’s use only
Biology Biology (Human)
Question Leave Number Blank
Advanced Subsidiary Unit 3 Paper 03 Monday 6 June 2005 – Morning
1 2 3
Time: 1 hour Materials required for examination Ruler
Items included with question papers Nil
Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature. The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper. Answer ALL THREE questions in the spaces provided in this booklet. Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used. Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.
Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). The total mark for this question paper is 38.
Advice to Candidates You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.
Total This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2005 Edexcel Limited. Printer’s Log. No.
N21427A W850/R6103/57570 8/8/7/7/
Turn over
*N21427A0120*
Leave blank
Answer ALL of the questions in the spaces provided. 1.
The diagram below shows a simplified carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere D A
C B
Plants Feeding
Fossil fuels
Animals
Death and decay (a) Each box represents a process. Write the name of the process in each of the boxes A, B, C and D. (2) (b) With reference to an example, explain what is meant by the term carbon sink. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (2)
2
*N21427A0220*
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(c) (i) The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been linked to global warming. Explain what is meant by the term global warming. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2) (ii) Name two gases, other than carbon dioxide, which are thought to contribute to global warming. 1. ............................................................................................................................ 2. ............................................................................................................................ (2)
Q1
(Total 8 marks)
*N21427A0320*
3
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4
*N21427A0420*
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2.
Domestic breeds of cattle are used in many parts of the world for the commercial production of meat. Cattle feed by grazing the plant material found on grassland. (a) State the trophic level at which cattle feed. ....................................................................................................................................... (1) (b) The table below shows the energy intake, usage and losses for a 600 kg cow.
Intake from food /kJ day–1
Incorporated into new tissues or storage /kJ day–1
Respiration losses /kJ day–1
Lost in urine or faeces /kJ day–1
92 000
6 000
38 000
48 000
Using the data in the table, calculate the percentage loss of energy per day for a 600 kg cow. Show your working.
Answer .............................. (2) (c) It has been suggested that an area of land used to grow crops such as maize could produce more food than the same area used to graze cattle. Explain how your answers to parts (a) and (b) support this suggestion. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
*N21427A0520*
5
Turn over
Leave blank
(d) The diagram below shows the skull of a cow showing the tooth and jaw structure. Hard pad
Incisors and canines
Molars
Lower jaw
Suggest how the structures labelled in the diagram would be used by a cow grazing on grassland. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
6
*N21427A0620*
Leave blank
(e) The diagram below shows some of the parts of the digestive system of a cow. Small intestine
Rumen
Omasum
Oesophagus Reticulum Abomasum
With reference to the diagram suggest why cattle are more efficient at obtaining energy from plants than many other mammals. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
Q2
(Total 12 marks)
*N21427A0720*
7
Turn over
Leave blank
3.
South East Asia is one of the Earth’s most important biodiversity “hotspots”. Much of the land is covered by tropical rainforest. The tall, dense forest contains valuable timber trees such as teak and dipterocarps. Dipterocarps are hardwood trees with large, straight trunks, which reach heights of 70 m and are much desired by timber companies. As a consequence, the rainforests have been exploited at an increasing rate over the last 50 years. Figure 1 shows the area covered by closed tropical rainforest as a percentage of the total land area in five countries from 1973 to 1988. This type of forest has trees growing close together. The crowns of the trees form a dense canopy with few gaps. There is no continuous grass cover on the forest floor. Closed tropical rainforest has not been cleared for agriculture in the past 20 to 30 years. Figure 1. Bar chart showing the area of closed tropical rainforest in five countries as a percentage of the total land area from 1973 to 1988.
90 80 % area of 70 closed tropical 60 rainforest 50 40 30 20 10 0
8
Papua New Guinea Brunei Malaysia Indonesia Thailand
1973
1978
Year
1983
1988
*N21427A0820*
Leave blank
In Malaysia, large areas of rainforest are selectively logged. This means that only the high value timber trees are removed, leaving the rest of the forest intact. Figure 2 shows the effect of selective logging on the density of groups of gibbons and two species of langur. A gibbon is a type of ape and langurs are monkeys. Figure 3 is a photograph of a white-handed gibbon in the canopy of a tropical rainforest. Figure 2. Table showing the density of gibbons, maroon langurs and white-fronted langurs found within a rainforest before and after selective logging.
Density of gibbons and langurs / groups km–2
Time of sampling
Gibbon
Maroon langur
White-fronted langur
Before logging
4.73
0.38
0.87
Immediately after logging
1.36
0.21
0.57
2 years after logging
2.08
1.25
Present but not seen during survey
4 years after logging
2.00
0.05
1.50
Figure 3. White-handed gibbon swinging through the canopy of a closed tropical rainforest.
Ecoscene/Papilio Robert Pickett
*N21427A0920*
9
Turn over
BLANK PAGE
10
*N21427A01020*
Leave blank
(a) Using the information in Figure 1, compare the changes in the area of closed tropical rainforest in Papua New Guinea, Brunei and Thailand. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3) (b) One reason for the loss of tropical rainforest is the harvesting of the timber trees. Give two other reasons for the loss of tropical rainforests. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (2)
*N21427A01120*
11
Turn over
BLANK PAGE
12
*N21427A01220*
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(c) Explain how the removal of rainforest trees can lead to soil erosion. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3) (d) Suggest how deforestation can affect the water cycle. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
*N21427A01320*
13
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14
*N21427A01420*
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(e) Suggest how selective logging will change the rainforest habitat. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
*N21427A01520*
15
Turn over
BLANK PAGE
16
*N21427A01620*
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(f) (i) Using the data in Figure 2, describe the effects of selective logging on the density of gibbons and the two species of langur. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2) (ii) Suggest reasons for the differences you described in (f)(i). ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2)
Q3
(Total 18 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 38 MARKS END
*N21427A01720*
17
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18
*N21427A01820*
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*N21427A01920*
19
BLANK PAGE
20
*N21427A02020*
Surname
Paper Reference
6 1 0 3
Candidate No.
0 3
Initial(s)
Signature
Paper Reference(s)
6103/03
Examiner’s use only
Edexcel GCE
Team Leader’s use only
Biology Biology (Human)
Question Leave Number Blank
Advanced Subsidiary Unit 3 Paper 03 Monday 6 June 2005 – Morning
1 2 3
Time: 1 hour Materials required for examination Ruler
Items included with question papers Nil
Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature. The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper. Answer ALL THREE questions in the spaces provided in this booklet. Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used. Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.
Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). The total mark for this question paper is 38.
Advice to Candidates You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.
Total This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2005 Edexcel Limited. Printer’s Log. No.
N21427A W850/R6103/57570 8/8/7/7/
Turn over
*N21427A0120*
Leave blank
Answer ALL of the questions in the spaces provided. 1.
The diagram below shows a simplified carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere D A
C B
Plants Feeding
Fossil fuels
Animals
Death and decay (a) Each box represents a process. Write the name of the process in each of the boxes A, B, C and D. (2) (b) With reference to an example, explain what is meant by the term carbon sink. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (2)
2
*N21427A0220*
Leave blank
(c) (i) The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been linked to global warming. Explain what is meant by the term global warming. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2) (ii) Name two gases, other than carbon dioxide, which are thought to contribute to global warming. 1. ............................................................................................................................ 2. ............................................................................................................................ (2)
Q1
(Total 8 marks)
*N21427A0320*
3
Turn over
BLANK PAGE
4
*N21427A0420*
Leave blank
2.
Domestic breeds of cattle are used in many parts of the world for the commercial production of meat. Cattle feed by grazing the plant material found on grassland. (a) State the trophic level at which cattle feed. ....................................................................................................................................... (1) (b) The table below shows the energy intake, usage and losses for a 600 kg cow.
Intake from food /kJ day–1
Incorporated into new tissues or storage /kJ day–1
Respiration losses /kJ day–1
Lost in urine or faeces /kJ day–1
92 000
6 000
38 000
48 000
Using the data in the table, calculate the percentage loss of energy per day for a 600 kg cow. Show your working.
Answer .............................. (2) (c) It has been suggested that an area of land used to grow crops such as maize could produce more food than the same area used to graze cattle. Explain how your answers to parts (a) and (b) support this suggestion. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
*N21427A0520*
5
Turn over
Leave blank
(d) The diagram below shows the skull of a cow showing the tooth and jaw structure. Hard pad
Incisors and canines
Molars
Lower jaw
Suggest how the structures labelled in the diagram would be used by a cow grazing on grassland. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
6
*N21427A0620*
Leave blank
(e) The diagram below shows some of the parts of the digestive system of a cow. Small intestine
Rumen
Omasum
Oesophagus Reticulum Abomasum
With reference to the diagram suggest why cattle are more efficient at obtaining energy from plants than many other mammals. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
Q2
(Total 12 marks)
*N21427A0720*
7
Turn over
Leave blank
3.
South East Asia is one of the Earth’s most important biodiversity “hotspots”. Much of the land is covered by tropical rainforest. The tall, dense forest contains valuable timber trees such as teak and dipterocarps. Dipterocarps are hardwood trees with large, straight trunks, which reach heights of 70 m and are much desired by timber companies. As a consequence, the rainforests have been exploited at an increasing rate over the last 50 years. Figure 1 shows the area covered by closed tropical rainforest as a percentage of the total land area in five countries from 1973 to 1988. This type of forest has trees growing close together. The crowns of the trees form a dense canopy with few gaps. There is no continuous grass cover on the forest floor. Closed tropical rainforest has not been cleared for agriculture in the past 20 to 30 years. Figure 1. Bar chart showing the area of closed tropical rainforest in five countries as a percentage of the total land area from 1973 to 1988.
90 80 % area of 70 closed tropical 60 rainforest 50 40 30 20 10 0
8
Papua New Guinea Brunei Malaysia Indonesia Thailand
1973
1978
Year
1983
1988
*N21427A0820*
Leave blank
In Malaysia, large areas of rainforest are selectively logged. This means that only the high value timber trees are removed, leaving the rest of the forest intact. Figure 2 shows the effect of selective logging on the density of groups of gibbons and two species of langur. A gibbon is a type of ape and langurs are monkeys. Figure 3 is a photograph of a white-handed gibbon in the canopy of a tropical rainforest. Figure 2. Table showing the density of gibbons, maroon langurs and white-fronted langurs found within a rainforest before and after selective logging.
Density of gibbons and langurs / groups km–2
Time of sampling
Gibbon
Maroon langur
White-fronted langur
Before logging
4.73
0.38
0.87
Immediately after logging
1.36
0.21
0.57
2 years after logging
2.08
1.25
Present but not seen during survey
4 years after logging
2.00
0.05
1.50
Figure 3. White-handed gibbon swinging through the canopy of a closed tropical rainforest.
Ecoscene/Papilio Robert Pickett
*N21427A0920*
9
Turn over
BLANK PAGE
10
*N21427A01020*
Leave blank
(a) Using the information in Figure 1, compare the changes in the area of closed tropical rainforest in Papua New Guinea, Brunei and Thailand. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3) (b) One reason for the loss of tropical rainforest is the harvesting of the timber trees. Give two other reasons for the loss of tropical rainforests. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (2)
*N21427A01120*
11
Turn over
BLANK PAGE
12
*N21427A01220*
Leave blank
(c) Explain how the removal of rainforest trees can lead to soil erosion. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3) (d) Suggest how deforestation can affect the water cycle. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
*N21427A01320*
13
Turn over
BLANK PAGE
14
*N21427A01420*
Leave blank
(e) Suggest how selective logging will change the rainforest habitat. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
*N21427A01520*
15
Turn over
BLANK PAGE
16
*N21427A01620*
Leave blank
(f) (i) Using the data in Figure 2, describe the effects of selective logging on the density of gibbons and the two species of langur. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2) (ii) Suggest reasons for the differences you described in (f)(i). ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2)
Q3
(Total 18 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 38 MARKS END
*N21427A01720*
17
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18
*N21427A01820*
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*N21427A01920*
19
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20
*N21427A02020*
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