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ETRE ET AVOIR EDUCATIONAL PACK ENGLISH VERSION

SYNOPSIS Everywhere in France, there are still single class schools where the same teacher is in charge of all the village children throughout nursery and primary school. These small heterogeneous groups share their everyday lives, for better and for worse. This film was shot in one of those schools, somewhere in the heart of Auvergn CREDITS Directed by : Nicolas Philibert Starring the children of Saint-Etienne sur Usson's school : (From the youngest to the oldest:) Alizé (3 years old), Jojo, Johann, Marie, Jessie, Létitia, Axel, Laura, Guillaume, Jonathan, Olivier, Julien and Nathalie (11 years old) And the teacher : Georges Lopez

1.THE LOCATION OF THE FILM •

A FEW FACTS ABOUT AUVERGNE

Auvergne is a French administrative region made up of the departements of Allier [03], Cantal [15], Haute-Loire [43], and Puy-de-Dôme [63]. Area : 26 052 km² (4,78 % of national territory). Population : 1 308 910 inhabitants [1999] (2,24 % of country's population). Main city : Clermont-Ferrand

Auvergne is famous for its volcanoes (the last erruption took place 5 800 years ago!) : the Puys range. Climate : In the mountains, the seasonal changes are very marked ; long cold winters followed by short summers (grass season). This is one of the coldest regions in France. Population: Auvergne is sparsely populated : 51 inhabitants per km², which represents only half the national average. Agriculture: An important Auvergne tradition. Big farms have from 50 to 100 cows. The local species (Salers) are being gradually replaced by the charolaises which produce better quality milk and meat. Origins: The name Auvergne comes from the Gallic Arvernes tribe, which resisted the Roman invasion for a long time.

To find out more about Auvergne, go to the following address :

http://www.encyclopedie-hachette.com/

SAINT-ETIENNE

SUR

USSON,

THE VILLAGE IN THE FILM

www.st-etienne-sur-usson.com (see in particular the photos of the Hamlets)



SCHOOL AND LIFE IN THE COUNTRY

Here are a few facts found on the site of the Education Nationale: La fréquence des écoles à classe unique dépasse 24 % dans les départements ruraux de Corse, Hautes-Alpes, Somme ou situés sur une diagonale Nord-Est/Sud-Ouest ; elles sont en revanche rares en Ile-de-France, dans le Sud-Est, en Bretagne et Pays de Loire. « L'état du réseau scolaire en milieu rural et sa dispersion sont liés à l'histoire de l'institution et à celle des politiques éducatives, il répond au souci d'égalité des chances exprimé en terme d'accès des enfants et des jeunes à l'enseignement primaire (au début du siècle) puis au premier cycle secondaire (au début des années soixante). En premier lieu, la "crise" du monde rural a retenti sur le système éducatif. Les transformations économiques qui ont affecté et affectent encore les campagnes - le monde rural n'est plus un monde agricole (…) Ces transformations affectent l'école, la désertification entraînant des fermetures de classes et d'écoles (ou l'existence de très petits collèges), à l'inverse, les fermetures peuvent accélérer la dévitalisation de certaines zones rurales. La scolarisation en milieu rural ne constitue donc pas seulement un enjeu éducatif, elle est également devenue un

enjeu pour l'aménagement du territoire. A ce titre, elle intéresse évidemment l'Etat, mais aussi les collectivités territoriales. Enfin, dans le débat général autour de l'école a émergé le souci d'efficacité qui peut se traduire pour l'école rurale par la question suivante : les petits établissements ruraux sont-ils de la même "qualité" que ceux des villes, offrent-ils à leurs élèves les mêmes chances de réussite? La question de la scolarisation en milieu rural est présentée ainsi parfois sous forme d'une alternative : faut-il maintenir un service public de proximité en zone rurale pour assurer la survie et même redynamiser les campagnes ou bien faut-il abandonner des petites structures scolaires pour assurer la qualité de l'enseignement? » Le système éducatif en milieu rural (rédacteur en chef : Françoise OEuvrard) http://www.education.gouv.fr/dpd/texweb/ef43dev.html DISCUSSION / DÉBAT

Que veulent dire ces deux phrases : Le monde rural n’est plus un monde agricole La scolarisation en milieu rural est un enjeu pour l’aménagement du territoire Discutez en groupe autour des deux dernières questions du texte.

DOCUMENTAIRE Le film a été réalisé en dix semaines, le tournage s’étalant de décembre à juin 2001. Au final, plus de 60 heures de pellicule parmi lesquelles il a fallu opérer une sélection sévère pour obtenir les 105 minutes du film. DISCUTEZ À votre avis, qu’est-ce qui aurait été différent si le film avait été une fiction ? Voici l’opinion d’un réalisateur de documentaires : "Un documentariste est simplement quelqu’un qui filme ce qu’il voit" Dominique Dubosc Ce à quoi Nicolas Philibert, le réalisateur du film, répond : "Bien souvent, on a tendance à considérer le documentaire comme la réalité brute… C’est oublier qu’une scène est filmée dans un cadre précis, que la caméra est à telle hauteur et qu’elle est fixe ou mobile. Si chacun de nous assiste à un même événement, on sait bien que l’on obtiendra autant de récits qu’il y a de témoins. Raconter, c’est immanquablement développer un point de vue personnel et subjectif." Qu’en pensez-vous ? Lequel des deux vous semble être le plus proche de la vérité ?

DOSSIER

DE

PRESSE

Être et Avoir a été présenté au festival de Cannes 2002, hors compétition. La même année, le documentaire Bowling for Columbine de l’Américain Michael Moore était sélectionné pour la compétition officielle. Les journaux ont souvent rapproché ces deux films. Ainsi le journaliste Claude Martino concluait son articles sur ces mots : "Et s’il fallait rassurer le monde, disons le tout net : grâce à des profs comme ça, et malgré le peu de moyens dont disposent les enseignants dans les classes uniques, on préfère de loin voir des minots armés pour la vie comme ils le sont ici plutôt qu’armés comme ils le sont aux Etats-Unis." Qu’en pensez-vous ? Un autre journaliste commençait sa critique des deux documentaires en citant George Sand (Les idées d'un maître d'école) : "Je voudrais qu’il fût possible de laisser l’enfant grandir sans savoir que le mal existe." Discutez

Être et Avoir a fait un million d’entrées à la fin du mois d’Août, The attendance of single class schools is above 24% in the rural departements of Corsica, Hautes-Alpes, Somme, or situated on a NorthEast/South-West diagonal line ; they are on the other hand few and far between in the Paris region, in the South-East, Brittany, and the Pays de Loire. « The state of the school network in rural areas and its dispersal are linked to the institution's history as well as to that of educational policies. By giving children and young people access to primary education (at the beginning of the century) and then to secondary school (in the early sixties), it is an answer to preoccupations about equal opportunities. In the first place, the rural « crisis » has affected the educational system. Economic transformations have affected and still affect the countryside – the rural world is no longer an agricultural world (...) These transformations affect schools, as they bring about class or school closures, or the existence of very small schools. This is a two way process, as schools closing down can bring about people leaving rural areas. Therefore education in rural areas has become more than an educational challenge ; it is the national and regional development which is at stake. This is why not only the State is obviously interested in the issue, but also the territorial authorities. Finally, amidst the general debate about schools, has emerged the preoccupation with effectiveness which as far as country schools is concerned, can be formulated in the following terms : is the quality of teaching in small rural schools as high as in towns, and do these schools offer the same opportunities for success? Indeed the question of schooling in rural areas is sometimes presented

as an alternative :should the public service in rural areas be maintained so as to insure the survival of those areas, or should small school structures be scraped to concentrate on the quality of the teaching? » The educational system in rural areas (editor : Françoise Oeuvrard) http : // www.education.gouv.fr/dpd/texweb/ef43dev.html DISCUSSION/DEBATE - What do the two following sentences mean : The rural world is no longer an agricultural world Schooling in rural areas is crucial to national and regional development Discuss in small groups the two last questions in the text. Documentary The film took ten weeks to shoot, from December to June 2001. The result was more than 60 hours worth film out of which 105 minutes had to be selected. DISCUSS According to you, what would have been different if the film had been a fiction? _ Here is the opinion of a documentary director : « A documentary maker is simply someone who films what he/she sees » Dominique Dubosc. To which Nicolas Philibert, the director of the film, answers : « Documentaries are often considered to be the depiction of reality just as it is ..... however that is to forget the fact that a scene is filmed in a specific environment, the camera is placed at a certain height and is static or mobile. If several of us witness the same event, we know noone will report it in the same way. To tell a story is to automatically develop a personal and subjective point of view. » What do you think? Which of the two statements seems to you closer to the truth? Press review Etre et Avoir was presented at the Cannes Festival, outside the official competition.The same year, Bowling for Columbine by the American Michael Moore was selected as part of the official competition. Newspapers have often compared both films ; journalist Claude Martino concluded his article in the following terms : « And if the world needed to be reassured, let's be honest : thanks to teachers like this, and despite the fact that teachers in single class schools have so few means, it is by far preferable to see kids armed for life as they are here than armed as they are in the US. »

What is your opinion? Another journalist started his review of both documentaries by quoting George Sand (Ideas of a School Master): « I wish it were possible to let a child grow up without knowing that evil exists. » Discuss. By the end of August, one million spectators had seen Être et Avoir, 1557 906 have seen it since, and the film is still showing! French cinema is in tip-top form. 2002 was a success-packed year, with huge numbers of spectators and French productions. Discuss. Do you like French films? Are many French films screened in your city? Find two adjectives, one positive, one negative, that according to you describe French cinema well. Compare. Two addresses to find out more about the director and the film : http : //www.filmsdulosange.fr/fr a laffiche fiche%20etre.php http : //chipsquaw.free.fr/etreetavoir/index_2.html

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