The Centristation Concept, early writings CENTRISTATION III
J. E. D. Cline Dec. 17, 1989
A pair of unmanned engine/control system flyback modules boost a segment of a centrifugal space habitat toroid into LEO; during launch, space station segment is serving as the fuel tank.
This document outlines a conceptual design that is squarely on the path to space colonization. A lowcost, safe centrifugal space station, with its launching system, that is worthy of the 1990's. See sketch. This very economical space station conceptual design perhaps can rekindle America's interest in the adventure of space, while providing a solid stepping stone towards extending mankind's living resources beyond earthsurface. An adventurous, yet practical, Space Station Habitat.
Features:
utilizes proven technologies.
a lowcost, versatile, rotating centrifugal 1gee large space station is created.
a new class of launch vehicles is created, consisting of a pair of winged flyback modules containing only engines and control systems ... the first flyback engine cluster module drops off prior to orbital insertion, and the second smaller singleenginemodule returns after placement of the habitatmodule in position in orbit; and an upper stage which is built both as a furnished space station habitat module, and also as the fuel tank during launch.
This Space Station Habitat design is a segmented toroid, for indefinitely long habitation, a precursor to an IslandOne Stanford Torus space habitat. Each segment of the torus circumference is built to also function as the upper stage and fuel tank during launch. The reuseable engine(s) and control system return as stubby winged reentry vehicles back to the launch pad site after finishing putting a segment of the toroid into LEO. (A pair of refurbishable strapon boosters, perhaps of AMROC LOX/SRB form, could be used instead of the second flyback engine module).
PURPOSE AND ADVANTAGES 1. Economical, safe space station construction is achieved by building the toroidal habitat on the ground in nearly finished form; by shrinking the space shuttle orbiter to mere pair of unmanned engine/control system flyback stubby winged shapes; making each toroidal space station habitat segment into a fuel tank temporarily for the launch as the upper stage; and automatic docking of the modules to form the toroidal ring of dozens to hundreds of segments. The ring is then spunup and ready for occupancy. The inhabiting workers reach the freefall vacuum industrial environment by climbing through spokes to the toroidal ring's hub.
2. Centristation demonstrates space colonization, and quickly in the coming decade. As we know, largescale space colonization potentially can be an alternative to the crowding out of fellow lifeforms on the planet, consuming finite natural resources rapidly, and littering our home planet with enormous heaps of garbage and refuse.
3. This project supplies the drama of space colonization started in the 1990's. Mankind needs daily drama in life just like food and shelter. Witness the lure of television shows and newspaper headlines. Life in space needs to encompass all the functions of being human, in addition to being interesting and sometimes adventurous. Life there needs to be shown to be capable of being very comfortable, safe, and supporting the mating and familyraising activities that humans normally need. The drama of achieving these in the vast room and resources of space can excite the imagination of humanity, supplying a new confidence in the future of humanity and of planet earth's ecology. And Centristation could be modified for relocation at Mars' moon Phobos, or be boosted to GEO when KESTS (KineticEnergy
Supported Transportation Structures) are operational. (An alternative way of financing this project thus might be to present it as an ongoing TV series, realtime, from inception to completion, showing also the spinnoffs developed by the Centristation project, such as recycling, agriculture, and group lifestyles in action.)
4. The rotating ring, or toroid shape, has long been in American awareness as the design for a permanently occupied space station, because it provides the artificial gravity needed for normal bodily function. The centrifugal force simulated gravity is assumed to be able to provide the means to overcome the unhealthy effects of weightlessness, such as immune system disfunction, bone loss and muscular atrophy; and allow a human being to have normal bodily functions such as bathroom activities. And people need the companionship of other lifeforms: the animals, fish and plants also need "gravity."
5. While it is a testing ground for the Stanford Torus Island One much larger design...to be built from lunar raw materials later..., it will test those selfsufficient agricultural processes and family lifestyles in the relatively nearby LEO.The habitat additionally serves as home to workers for adjacent freefall, hardvacuum manufacturing facilities, and is comfortable waystation for early manned missions back to the moon and perhaps beyond to Mars' moon Phobos.
(For a free drawing of this concept, send a SASE stamped, selfaddressed envelope, to:
JED Cline CENTRISTATION III 5632 Van Nuys Blvd. Ste. 110 Van Nuys, CA 91401
Hand sketch of Centristation concept made in November 1989 by Jim Cline Number: 2931 Name: CENTRISTATION IV Address: J.E.D.CLINE1 Date: 930403 Approximate # of bytes: 4666 Number of Accesses: 15 Library: 3 Description: A concept for a relatively lowcost space station which goes far beyond the current space station's purposes. Would consist of a pair of prefab toroids in LEO, one a zerog facility and module platform, and the other toroid spinning for artificial gravity inside, as a coed crew living quarters and biospheric r&D facility. The toroid's are built of segments, which are first prefab for wet launch, assembled and tested on the ground, then modules are separated and sequentially wetlaunched by a reuseable winged engine control module of space shuttle technology. Keywords: spacestation, centristation,toroid,settlement,biosphere
CENTRISTATION IV: ECONOMICAL MULTIGOAL SPACE STATION
By J. E. D. Cline A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE CONCEPT: Centristation IV consists of a pair of adjacent toroids in low earth orbit, one is a relatively earthnormal living quarters & biosphere, and the other a zerog facility. The toroids are built of prefab segments, which are built and tested on the ground first, then dissassembled and sequentially wetlaunched into LEO by a reuseable winged engine/control module. The living quarters is a small spinning hardshell toroidal space station/colony, with 1gee internal for earthnormal living inside. The zerog basic facility is a similar, but nonspinning toroidal shell structure, with internal sealed areas as well as being a rigid platform for mounting of external modules. The prefab construction, "wet" launch, and minimum modular assembly in free fall is are unique parts of the concept. The segments of the toroids are prefabricated, tested in use on the ground. Then sequentially each toroidal segment dual compartments (appropriately designed and constructed for wet launch) are filled with fuel & oxidizer for use as the fuel tanks for its own launch into orbit, and
lifted into LEO by an unmanned winged engine/control module. After orbital insertion and positioning of each segment, the winged engine/control module is returned back to the earthsurface launch site to lift the next toroidal segment/fuel tank.
VALUE: Minimum launch costs, minimum orbital assembly, artificial gravity for manned portions of living and working quarters, and smallscale testing of toroidal space habitat concepts.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS: All components are either part of the spacestation toroid or are reused in subsequent launches. Provides hardshell 1gee living space for coed crew and life supporting agriculture. Preassembled on the ground, in adjusted gravity orientation, for extensive testing as a multiperson coed living habitat. After insertion into LEO, the segments are robotically moved together to form the toroid, linked securely together, pressurized and spun up for 1gee inside, all before occupancy by the crew. Access to freefall equipment is gained through moving through spokes to the toroid's hub.
ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES: Requires the design, engineering, and construction of a new launch system mostly using proven technologies. Space shuttle type reuseable liquid fueled engines, winged tiled reusable airframe. Skylab technologies including preoutfitting fuel tanks for use as orbiting living quarters and workspace; flybywire control systems, reuseable strapon booster engines; automatic or remotely guided freefall docking; biosphere artificial ecological system studies; harmonious group studies.
RELATION TO MAJOR SPACE PROGRAM OBJECTIVES: Provides a rigid basic structure for external material processing modules; economical, highquality living space for workers in LEO; testing of key concepts essential to artificial gravity space agricultural systems, and later is adaptable for lunar orbit, transit to Mars, and placement in permanent Mars orbit. This has suggested an alternative to the current FREEDOM type of space station, which has been rejected due to excessive costs. This alternative features low cost, much less environmental pollution
during launches, and in addition to providing zerog basic materials platformi, is a major step toward the real goal of space colonization & space resource utilization.
The LOW COST derives from the use of prefab components, requiring very little manned construction in freefall, and the launch technology being extremely efficient. All components except the launch fuel are either reused or are part of the space station.
The ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IS MINIMIZED by relatively few launches being required for its component placement into LEO orbit.
It IS A MAJOR STEP ON THE WAY TO SPACE COLONIZATION because it provides living quarters which test concepts of centrifugal artificial gravity in one of the toroids. This project may be able to remind humanity of the purpose of the space program, that of freeing mankind from the ecological limitations of a closed earth surface system, and removing much of the burden mankind has been placing on Mother Earth.
It PROVIDES ZEROG FACILITIES because a second, adjacent toroid is not spinning and thus provides the stiff shell structure for
attachment of various experiment modules that FREEDOM space station would have provided.
REFERENCES: GEnie Spaceport Library files # 1071, 1537, & 1718, by J.E.D.CLINE1.