E Earth Work - Test And Procedures

ekrhdke izLrkouk %& ljapuk ladYiu o ekrhps cka/kdkes dj.;klkBh ekrhps xq.k/keZ] iqohZps vuqHko ekfgrh vl.ks vko’;d vkgs o gs Kku tru dj.;klkBh o ,dnqlÚ;kauk lkax.;klkBh lq/nk ,d Bjkfod i/nr] Hkk”kk vl.ks vko’;d vkgs ;keqGs ,dp i/nr Bso.;klkBh vkiY;kdMs ,df=r oxhZdj.k i/nr ¼Unified Classification System½ okijysyh vkgs- ¼Gradation, Plasticity,Compressibility½ i/nr %& ekrhps foLr`Rokus rhu i/nrhe/;s oxhZdj.k dsysys vkgs1½ HkjM d.k ekrh ¼Coarse Grained Soil½ 2½ eÅ d.k ekrh ¼Fine Grained Soil½ 3½ dkcZu;qDr ekrh ¼Organic Soil½ 1½ HkjM d.k ekrh %& 50 VDdsis{kk tkLr ekrhpk Hkkx 75 ek;ØkWu is{kk eksBk vlrksizdkj %& 1½ cksYMj

%& 30 lsaeh is{kk vkdkjkus

eksBs vlrkr2½ dkWcy

%& 30 lsaeh rs 8 lsaeh i;Zar

vkdkj vlrks3½ xzWOgy

%& 50

Hkkx 4-75 feyh 1

VDds

is{kk

tkLr

ehVjis{kk eksBk vlrks- vksG[k ¼G ½ 4½ okGw

%& 50 VDds Iks{kk tkLr Hkkx

4-75 feyhehVjis{kk ygku vlrks- vksG[k ¼S½ eksBh

%& 4-75 rs 2-00feeh

e/;e

%& 2-0 feeh rs 425 ek;ØkWu

ygku

%& 425

ek;ØkWu

rs

75

ek;ØkWu ¼Fines upto 5% Clean, 5 – 12% Boundary, above 12% dirty½

2½ eÅ ekrh ¼Fine Grained Soil½ %& 50 VDds is{kk tkLr ekrh gh 75 ek;ØkWu is{kk

ygku

vlrs-

;kps

oxhZdj.k

dj.;kl

iz;ksx’kkGsP;k fu”d”kkZph vko’;drk vlrsflYV %& ¼M½ %& 75 ek;ØkWu rs 2 ek;ØkWu i;Zar vkdkj vlrks- lqdY;kuarj ekrhyk ux.; rkdn vlrsjsrh ¼Clay½ %& 2 ek;ØkWu [kkyhy d.k vlrkr lqdY;kaurj ekrhyk ¼<sdGkyk½ dkgh izek.kkr rkdn vlrsHkkx %&

2

1½ deh nc.kkjh ¼Low

Compressibility½

nzo e;kZnk

35 VDD;ki;Zar fpUg ¼L½ 2½ e/;e nc.kkjh ¼Medium Compressibility½ nzo e;kZnk 35 rs 50 VDds 3½ tkLr

nc.kkjh

¼High

Compressibility½

nzo

e;kZnk 50 VDdsis{kk tkLr ¼H½

pkp.kh vknzrkizek.k dk<.ks ¼Moisture Contents½ vknZzrk %& Bjkfod ekrhe/;s vlysyh ik.kh o R;kekrhps dksjMs otu ;kaps izek.k Eg.kts vknzZrk gks; % mi;ksx %& 1½ ekrhe/;s miyC/k ik.kh vksG[krk ;srs2½ tkLr ?kurk feGfo.;klkBh felGkos ykx.kkjs ik.kh dk
izek.kko#u

ekrhps

vfHk;kaf=dh xq.k vksG[krk ;srkr-

3

dkgh

i/nrh %& 1½ ekrh HkV~Vhr lqdfo.ks ¼Ovendry Method½ 2½ ekrh okGqr BsÅu lqdfo.ks ¼Sand Bath Method½ 3½ vYdksgksy i/nr

okij.;klkBh ?;ko;kpk uequk %& 90 VDdsis{kk tkLr izek.k

dehr deh vko’;d otu

ikj dj.kkjk vkdkj 425 ek;ØkWu 2 feeh 4-75 feeh 10 feeh 20 feeh 40 feeh

25 xzWe 50 xzWe 200 xzWe 300 xzWe 500 xzWe 1000 xzWe

okGq;qDr ekrhyk HkV~Vhr lqd.;kl lk/kkj.k pkj rkl rj jsrkMekrhl 14 rs 16 rkl ykxrkrdkGth %& 1½ gosus vknzZrk deh gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu Rojhr otus ?;k 2½ gosrhy vknzZrs ‘kks”k.k gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu uequk MsLlhdsVj e/;s FkaM djk3½ uequk iq.kZi.ks lqd.;klkBh ¼Dry½ ueqU;kph otus fLFkj gks.ks vko’;d vkgs4½ uequk

tkLr

Hkktyk

n{krk ?;k4

tk.kkj

ukgh

;kph

2½ fof’k”V xq#Ro %& O;k[;k %& ,dkp fLFkrhe/;s ,d ,dd vkdkjekukP;k ekrhrhy

fuOoG

?ku

¼Solid½

ekrhps

otu

o

rsOk<;kp m/oZirhr ik.;kps otu ;kaps izek.k Eg.kts fof’k”V xq#Ro gks;mi;ksx

%&

lai`Drrk

o

ekrhrhy brj

iksdGh]

xq.k/keZ

gosps

izek.k]

vH;kl.;klkBh

mi;ksx

gksrksfu”d”kZ %& loZlk/kkj.ki.ks ekrhps fof’k”V xq#Ro 2-60 is{kk deh fof’k”V xq#Ro vlysyh ekrh fVdkÅ ulrs o yodj xq.k/keZ cnyrkr lfPN= oLrqps @ ekrhps fo-xq- deh vlrs rj ekrhr yks[kaM lksus vlY;kl fo-xq- tkLr vlrs3½ ?kuhdj.k ¼Compaction½ ekrhyk midj.kakP;k @ ;a=kP;k lgk¸;kus mtkZ nsÅu ?kV~V dj.;kph izfØ;k Eg.ktsp ?kuhdj.k gks;mi;ksx %& ekrh] eq#e fdrh ik.;ke/;s fdrh ?kV~V gksrkr ¼Compact½ gs ikgwu tkLrhr tkLr ?kV~V gks.;kps izek.k Bjfork ;srs- ¼O.M.C.,

O.D.D.½

o

R;ko#u izR;{k dk;Z{ks=kojhy dkekoj fu;a=.k Bsork ;srs-

5

izkDVj

VsLV

%&

vrqRRke

?kurk

¼O.D.D.½

dk<.kslkBh ;k pkp.khpk mi;ksx gksrks- ekrh eq#ekaP;k vkdkjko#u ygku eq#eaklkBh ¼20 feyehVj½ ygku lkP;k ¼1000 feyhehVj½ okijyk tkrks- ¼Light

Test½

Compaction

o 40 feyhehVj

i;ZarP;k eq#ekalkBh eksBk lkP;k ¼2250 eheh½ okijyk tkrks- ;k pkp.khrwu feGkysY;k fu”d”kkZpk mi;ksx {ksf=; dkekoj fu;a=.kklkBh okijyk tkrks-

6

4½ {ksf=; ?kurk pkp.kh %& 1½ okGw i/nr ¼Sand Replacement Method½ %& eq#e Hkjkoke/;s vkgs R;k tkxsojph ?kurk dk<.;klkBh ;k i/nrhpk mi;ks gksrks eq#ekae/;s [kMs vlY;kus fu;fer vkdkjkps fNnz ?ksrk ;sr ukghR;keqGs ;k i/nrhpk voyac d#u fNnz ?ksrys tkrs o R;ke/kwu fu?kkysY;k ekrheq#ekps otu ekstys tkrs o R;k fNnzke/;s ekfgr vlysY;k ?kursph okGw lksMyh tkrs o R;k okGqps otu ekstys tkrsusgehizek.ks

fNnzke/khy

eq#ekaph

vknzZrk

ekstyh tkrs- ¼Moisture Content½ fNnzke/kwu fu?kkysY;k ekrhps otu vksyh ?kurk =

X

okGqph ?kurk fNnzke/khy okGqps otu vksyh ?kurk dksjMh ?kurk = 1 + vknzZZrk izek.k

7

;kizdkjs

izkIr

gks.kkjh

?kurk

gh

izR;{k

tkxsojhy ?kUkrk gks; ¼Placement Density ½ o izkIr vknzZrk ¼Placement Moisture Content½ gh izkIr ?kurk gh BjfoysY;k ekudkizek.ks 98 VDds fujh{k.kke/;s vksMhMhP;k 95 VDds rjh vl.ks vko’;d vkgs rj fM>kbu MsUlhMhP;k 100 VDdsis{kk tkLr vl.ks vko’;d vkgs;k i/nrhe/;s tkxsojhy eq#e dlk vkgs o Fkjkph tkMh fdrh vkgs ;ko#u ygku o eksBs pkp.kh midj.k okijrk ;srs-

midj.kkph fuoM v-

ekrhpk izdkj

ua1 eÅ] e/;e 2 eÅ] e/;e 3

tkM ekrh 90 VDds is{kk tkLr

Fkjkaph tkMh

midj.

15 lsaeh i;Zar 15 rs 25 lsaeh

k ygku eksB

i;Zar 25 lsaeh i;Zar

s eksB s

dksjdVj i/nr %& gsrq %& tkxsojhy ?kUkrk dk<.kseÅ ekrhr gVhZaxlkBh gh i/nr okij.;kr ;srs ;ke/;s ekrhpk 90 VDds is{kk tkLr Hkkx gk 4-75 feeh is{kk ygku vlrks ;k i/nrhr okGw okijyh tkr 8

ukgh R;k,soth 130 feeh ykachph] 100 feeh varxZr O;klkph o 3 feeh tkMhph Vksdnkj uGh tehuhr ekjyh tkrs o uarj O;ofLFkr dk<wu] dkiwu otu d#u vknzZrk o ?kurk dk
v.kqdwphnkj

vl.ks

vko’;d

vkgs-

nqeMysys] osMsokdMs ulkos2½ ojhy Vksd ¼MkWyhps½ cqMsi;Zarp uGh tfeuhr ?kqlokoh R;kis{kk tkLr ?kqlw u;s3½ uGh mHkhp ekjkoh frjdl gksÅ nsÅ u;suGhrhy ekrhps otu vksyh ?kurk = uGhps vkdkjeku vksyh ?kurk dksjMh ?kurk = 1 + vknzZZrk izek.k pkp.kh okjaokjrk %& ifgY;k izR;sd 300 ?keh fdaok FkjklkBh ,d iajrw dehr deh nksu pkp.;k

fQYVlZ 9

/kj.k %& /kj.k ckWMhe/;s ekrh eq#ekrhy ik.;kpk fupjk dj.;klkBh fQYVjph ;kstuk dsysyh vlrs1½ okGq %& ?kV~V] etcqr o fVdkÅ vl.ks xjtsps vkgs- R;krhy ekrhps izek.k 5 VDds is{kk deh vlkos- fof’k”V xq#Ro 2-60 is{kk deh ulkos- okGq pkaxY;k

xzsMhph

vlkoh-

xszMs’ku

doZ

csl

eVsfjvy’kh ¼ekrh’kh½ lekarj vlkok okGq 20 lsaehP;k Fkjkr il#u gyD;k jksyjus ?kV~V djkoh‘krhZ %& v½

M

15

¼Q½ 4-80

M c½

M

15

15

¼c½

¼Q½ 5

M d½

M

85

50

¼c½

¼Q½ 2

M

50

¼c½

fjysfVOg MsUlhVh 10

20

D Max (D - D min) D (D Max – D Min)

70 VDdsis{kk tkLr vlkohD 60

osy xsszMsM Cu > 6

Cu = 10

D 302

Cc

1 to 3

Cc = D 10 X D 60

M

=

d.kkpk vkdkj

pkp.kh %& okGq i/nrhus fdaaok dksvj dVj i/rhus ?;koh fu”d”kZ

%&

lSy

%&

33 VDds o deh

e/;e

%&

33 rs 66 VDds

pkaxyss

%& 66 VDdsis{kk tkLr 11

Drains :Msªu Hkjr vlrkauk ygku lkfgR;kdMwu eksB;k lkfgR;kph Hkj.kh djr tkos FINE TO COARSE

ygku

%& 3 feeh i;aZr

ygku xzOgWy

%& 3 rs 25 feeh

tkM xzOgWy

%& 25 feeh ojhy 75 feeh

i;Zar 1½ fQYVj eVsfjvy ijesfcyhVh gh xq.kakd csl eVsfjvyis{kk 6 iVhus tkLr vlkok2½ ‘krZ D

15

(F) 5 D

D

15

85

(b)

(F) 4 D

15

(b)

v’eiVy %& 12

v’eiVyklkBh

okijyk

tk.kkjk

nxM

otunkj]

dBh.k] etcqr o fu;fer vkdkjkpk vlkokv’eiVyk[kkyhy 15 lsaeh tkMhpk fpikapk Fkj | kok- izR;sd 10 ehVj dWEcj cksMZP;k lgk¸;kus [kkyhoj i.kk psdd#u lQkVhdj.k djkos-

/kj.kkekxs %& nxM mrkjkyk dkVdksukr clkokosr ikBhekxs 30 lsaeh tkMhps v’eiVy djkos ¼fdaok lqpfoY;kizek.ks½ /kj.kkP;k iq<s %& 15 lsaeh okGqps csMhax 15 lsaeh fpiakpk Fkj 45 lseha nxMh iVy

13