Dos Commands
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Dos Commands as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,248
- Pages: 6
Internal vs. External • Internal – DATE
DOS COMMANDS You will use these more than you think!
– TIME – VER – PROMPT – PATH – DIR – CD, MD ,RD
• External – FORMAT – FDISK – SYS – ATTRIB – COPY – XCOPY – DELTREE
– DEL – EXIT
Internal DOS Commands • • • • •
Only need the “basic three” to be active All contained within COMMAND.COM No need for PATH statement No need for CONFIG.SYS No need for AUTOEXEC.BAT
DATE MM-DD[-YY] • Used to set the CMOS date on the computer • Occurs at the point of the • Stored at the number of milliseconds since about 1980 • For HELP type DATE /?
External DOS Commands • Always need the “basic three” • All require that an executable file by that name is available for use • PATH statement frequently necessary • Usually do not need CONFIG.SYS • Usually do not need AUTOEXEC.BAT
TIME HH:MM[:SS[.XX[A/P]]] • Used to set the CMOS time on the computer • Occurs at the point of the • Stored in the CMOS as the number of milliseconds since about 1980 (32 bit clock will last till some time in 2020s)
• The HH must be on 24 hour basis • The XX above are for hundredths of seconds and is optional • The A/P (AM/PM) designation is optional.
1
VER • Displays the current version number of DOS • No parameters
PROMPT [ PARAMETERS] • Usually set to: – $P – to give the current directory – $G – to give the “greater than” symbol after the current directory
• Check out PROMPT /? To get other parameters. • Demo
PATH [;] or PATH= [path1][;path2] [etc..] • No Parameters—display the current path specification • Only the “ ;” mark—erase the current path specification • Otherwise: – Look first in path1 – Then in path2 – Then is subsequent listed paths in the specified order.
Interesting DOS Questions • What happens when one does: – DIR C: vs. DIR C:\ ? – Why – Can one do a DIR on the a: drive from the c: drive? – What is the difference between a DIR C: from the D: drive and a DIR C:\ from the D: drive?
DIR [ PATH] [SUBSET] • Path – may refer to any disk and directory • Subset – only displays files and directories that match the “subset criteria.” • Wild cards frequently used • Demo
Making a Directory MD [path\]name[\] (or MKDIR) • Used to create a new directory • Path\ when not present is assumed to be the current directory • Do not have to be within the directory where new directory will reside
2
Remove Directory RD [path\]name[\]
CD PATH (CHDIR)
(or RMDIR)
• Used to switch from the current directory to the directory described in the path part of the statement. • Valid abbreviations (for all directory commands):
• Used to delete or remove the directory name • When Path\ not present is considered to be the current directory • Can not delete directory with any contents • Do not have to be within the directory being removed
– Single dot . —relative to current directory – Double dot .. —relative to parent directory – Back slash \ — The preceding is either the root directory or a directory name
Wildcards—when referring to filenames
DEL [ PATH\] FILENAME • Deletes the file(s) described by filename • Wildcards frequently used here • Once deleted files are frequently possible to “undelete”
EXIT • Will close current window if running in a window • Will close current DOS shell if active • Will NOT close the root or primary DOS shell • In older versions also included the STOP function • Demo –
• The ? Character: –may be used to represent any single valid character for inclusion in the specification. Example: DIR ab??c.txt • The * character: – To the left of the filename dot: The * character is assumed to be representing any and all combinations of characters to its left including itself. – To the right of the filename dot: The * character is assumed to be representing any and all combinations of characters to its right including itself.
External DOS Commands • Need the “Basic 3” plus • Also need the specific executable file • May need PATH in AUTOEXEC.BAT – Where are the DOS commands in WINDOWS? – How would one issue DOS commands with and without the PATH statement
3
Help with DOS External Commands
External DOS Commands • • • • • •
FORMAT FDISK SYS ATTRIB COPY XCOPY
• • • • • •
SCANDISK CHKDSK DELTREE DEFRAG DEBUG DISKCOPY
• From the command prompt in WINDOWS: – Command name /? – This will list the various switches and options – Note: c:\windows\command must be within the path specification.
• From the command prompt in older DOS: – HELP [DOS COMMAND NAME] – The Help file and the QBASIC.EXE are necessary
FORMAT FDISK • Used to make either floppies or hard disks usable by DOS • Creates on the disk: – – – – –
Master Boot Record—“Size media” Sectors, tracks and cylinders Fills Clusters with F6h and numbers them Two copies of the FAT table Root directory
SYS [DRIVE1 PATH1] DRIVE2 • Used to transfer current “Basic 3” OS files found on DRIVE1\PATH1 to the device Named as DRIVE2 • The disk (Drive2) should then be bootable • If a floppy, the disk usually needs to be completely blank first • Same effect when FORMAT DRIVE2 /S switch used
• Used to partition a hard disk • Creates and writes to Hard Disk two copies of the “partition table” • Undocumented /MBR switch to restore backup copy of partition table
ATTRIB +or- attribute [ path\] filename • Possible attributes: – – – –
Hidden—not seen with DIR command System—system file, can not be deleted Read only—cannot be changed Archive—file has changed since last backup
• Path – The path to filename file • Filename – The file with attributes – (wildcards used frequently)
• DEMO
4
COPY filename1 filename2 • • • • • •
Both filenames may have a path given No path implies the current directory filename1 is the source file copied filename2 is the destination filename Wildcards frequently used Lots of other switches /?
DISKCOPY SOURCE DESTINATION • SOURCE—Source drive (A:) • DESTINATION—Destination Drive (B:) • Makes an exact copy hidden files, errors and even corrupt files • Copies Disk Image • Possible to do DISKCOPY A: A:
CHKDSK • Like SCANDISK but only runs in DOS • Can find errors, but does not fix them • A legacy from older DOS
XCOPY or XCOPY32 • Used to copy entire directories & subdirectories • Will copy hidden files with /H switch • Check /? Switch to get full switches
SCANDISK • Used to correct errors in FAT • Cleans up and corrects problems • Runs in both WINDOWS and DOS
DELTREE • Used to delete an entire directory & all of its sub-directories • Powerful but dangerous • Be careful with this one!
5
DEFRAG
DEBUG
• Used to make a hard disk run faster • Causes all clusters of a file on a hard disk to be contiguous • May take a lot of time!
• Used to manipulate and view very specific parts of memory or disks • Discussed later in this course.
End
6
DOS COMMANDS You will use these more than you think!
– TIME – VER – PROMPT – PATH – DIR – CD, MD ,RD
• External – FORMAT – FDISK – SYS – ATTRIB – COPY – XCOPY – DELTREE
– DEL – EXIT
Internal DOS Commands • • • • •
Only need the “basic three” to be active All contained within COMMAND.COM No need for PATH statement No need for CONFIG.SYS No need for AUTOEXEC.BAT
DATE MM-DD[-YY] • Used to set the CMOS date on the computer • Occurs at the point of the
External DOS Commands • Always need the “basic three” • All require that an executable file by that name is available for use • PATH statement frequently necessary • Usually do not need CONFIG.SYS • Usually do not need AUTOEXEC.BAT
TIME HH:MM[:SS[.XX[A/P]]] • Used to set the CMOS time on the computer • Occurs at the point of the
• The HH must be on 24 hour basis • The XX above are for hundredths of seconds and is optional • The A/P (AM/PM) designation is optional.
1
VER • Displays the current version number of DOS • No parameters
PROMPT [ PARAMETERS] • Usually set to: – $P – to give the current directory – $G – to give the “greater than” symbol after the current directory
• Check out PROMPT /? To get other parameters. • Demo
PATH [;] or PATH= [path1][;path2] [etc..] • No Parameters—display the current path specification • Only the “ ;” mark—erase the current path specification • Otherwise: – Look first in path1 – Then in path2 – Then is subsequent listed paths in the specified order.
Interesting DOS Questions • What happens when one does: – DIR C: vs. DIR C:\ ? – Why – Can one do a DIR on the a: drive from the c: drive? – What is the difference between a DIR C: from the D: drive and a DIR C:\ from the D: drive?
DIR [ PATH] [SUBSET] • Path – may refer to any disk and directory • Subset – only displays files and directories that match the “subset criteria.” • Wild cards frequently used • Demo
Making a Directory MD [path\]name[\] (or MKDIR) • Used to create a new directory • Path\ when not present is assumed to be the current directory • Do not have to be within the directory where new directory will reside
2
Remove Directory RD [path\]name[\]
CD PATH (CHDIR)
(or RMDIR)
• Used to switch from the current directory to the directory described in the path part of the statement. • Valid abbreviations (for all directory commands):
• Used to delete or remove the directory name • When Path\ not present is considered to be the current directory • Can not delete directory with any contents • Do not have to be within the directory being removed
– Single dot . —relative to current directory – Double dot .. —relative to parent directory – Back slash \ — The preceding is either the root directory or a directory name
Wildcards—when referring to filenames
DEL [ PATH\] FILENAME • Deletes the file(s) described by filename • Wildcards frequently used here • Once deleted files are frequently possible to “undelete”
EXIT • Will close current window if running in a window • Will close current DOS shell if active • Will NOT close the root or primary DOS shell • In older versions also included the STOP function • Demo –
• The ? Character: –may be used to represent any single valid character for inclusion in the specification. Example: DIR ab??c.txt • The * character: – To the left of the filename dot: The * character is assumed to be representing any and all combinations of characters to its left including itself. – To the right of the filename dot: The * character is assumed to be representing any and all combinations of characters to its right including itself.
External DOS Commands • Need the “Basic 3” plus • Also need the specific executable file • May need PATH in AUTOEXEC.BAT – Where are the DOS commands in WINDOWS? – How would one issue DOS commands with and without the PATH statement
3
Help with DOS External Commands
External DOS Commands • • • • • •
FORMAT FDISK SYS ATTRIB COPY XCOPY
• • • • • •
SCANDISK CHKDSK DELTREE DEFRAG DEBUG DISKCOPY
• From the command prompt in WINDOWS: – Command name /? – This will list the various switches and options – Note: c:\windows\command must be within the path specification.
• From the command prompt in older DOS: – HELP [DOS COMMAND NAME] – The Help file and the QBASIC.EXE are necessary
FORMAT FDISK • Used to make either floppies or hard disks usable by DOS • Creates on the disk: – – – – –
Master Boot Record—“Size media” Sectors, tracks and cylinders Fills Clusters with F6h and numbers them Two copies of the FAT table Root directory
SYS [DRIVE1 PATH1] DRIVE2 • Used to transfer current “Basic 3” OS files found on DRIVE1\PATH1 to the device Named as DRIVE2 • The disk (Drive2) should then be bootable • If a floppy, the disk usually needs to be completely blank first • Same effect when FORMAT DRIVE2 /S switch used
• Used to partition a hard disk • Creates and writes to Hard Disk two copies of the “partition table” • Undocumented /MBR switch to restore backup copy of partition table
ATTRIB +or- attribute [ path\] filename • Possible attributes: – – – –
Hidden—not seen with DIR command System—system file, can not be deleted Read only—cannot be changed Archive—file has changed since last backup
• Path – The path to filename file • Filename – The file with attributes – (wildcards used frequently)
• DEMO
4
COPY filename1 filename2 • • • • • •
Both filenames may have a path given No path implies the current directory filename1 is the source file copied filename2 is the destination filename Wildcards frequently used Lots of other switches /?
DISKCOPY SOURCE DESTINATION • SOURCE—Source drive (A:) • DESTINATION—Destination Drive (B:) • Makes an exact copy hidden files, errors and even corrupt files • Copies Disk Image • Possible to do DISKCOPY A: A:
CHKDSK • Like SCANDISK but only runs in DOS • Can find errors, but does not fix them • A legacy from older DOS
XCOPY or XCOPY32 • Used to copy entire directories & subdirectories • Will copy hidden files with /H switch • Check /? Switch to get full switches
SCANDISK • Used to correct errors in FAT • Cleans up and corrects problems • Runs in both WINDOWS and DOS
DELTREE • Used to delete an entire directory & all of its sub-directories • Powerful but dangerous • Be careful with this one!
5
DEFRAG
DEBUG
• Used to make a hard disk run faster • Causes all clusters of a file on a hard disk to be contiguous • May take a lot of time!
• Used to manipulate and view very specific parts of memory or disks • Discussed later in this course.
End
6
Related Documents
Dos Commands
April 2020 6
Dos Commands
May 2020 5
Dos Commands
April 2020 8
All Dos Commands
November 2019 8
New Dos Commands
June 2020 7
150 Dos Commands
May 2020 4More Documents from ""
Dos Commands
May 2020 5
Swalahudeen Front.docx
November 2019 6
Doc4.docx
December 2019 15
70.thetell-tleheart.pdf
May 2020 14
