Domestic Violence

Maelyne Llanes Madrazo- Cajayon BSN-RN

 An act of aggression (as one

against a person who resists)  The property of being wild or turbulent  A turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

Domestic Violence  Also known As partner abuse, spouse

abuse, or family violence, occurs when one Person uses force to inflict injury, Either emotional Or physical, upon another Person. It occurs between spouses and partners, parents and children, Grandparents, and brothers and Sisters.

Definition:  is a major health and human rights concern  According to the WHO, The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993) defines violence against women as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life

FORMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Physical Abuse  may be a single act or a series of different acts

Psychological abuse  Refers to acts of

omissions causing or likely to cause mental or emotional suffering of the victim such as but not limited to intimidation, harassment, stalking, damage to property, public ridicule or humiliation, repeated verbal abuse and marital infidelity

Verbal Abuse  Use to humiliates and destroys the self-esteem of the victim

Sexual Abuse  Being demanding against the victim’s will and forcing her to perform acts that are not acceptable to her

Economic Abuse  uses denial or

withdrawal of financial support  Destroy household property  Controlling victims own money or properties or solely controlling the conjugal properties

Social Abuse Types:  Isolation  Public Humiliation

Child Abuse

Child neglect  neglect can be physical in nature

(abandonment, failure to seek needed health care) educational (failure to see that a child is attending school) emotional ( abuse of a spouse or another child in the child’s presence; allowing a child to witness adult substance abuse)



Elder abus

SPOUSE ABUSE  spouse or partner abuse is

commonly termed “domestic violence” While it is a crime penetrated by both genders, it is a crime whose victims are primarily women and often children.

BATTERED WIFE:  it is a recognized

psychological condition to describe woman who becomes depressed and unable to take any independent action that would allow her to escape the abuse

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BATTERY  An intentional

touching of another’s body without the other’s consent (Saunders)

ASSAULT  Occurs when a

person puts another person in fear of a harmful or offensive contact  The victim fears

and believes that harm will result as a result of a threat

 Sexual

Assault

 Any

physical contact of a sexual nature without voluntary consent  US Department of Health and Human Services includes :      

inappropriate touching, anal and oral penetration, sexual intercourse, Rape Attempted rape Child molestation

 is

a crime where the victim is forced into sexual activity, in particular sexual penetration, against his or her will.  rape occurs when sex is non-consensual (not agreed upon), or a person forces another person to have sex against his or her will.  The victim is not required by law to report rape or assault

PERPETRATORS

 In

the United States one in three (1:3) women and one in seven (1:7) men will be sexually assaulted in her/his lifetime.  As of 2006, Rape continued to be a problem, with most cases going unreported. During the year, the PNP reported 685 rape cases  for every 3 Filipino children, one child experiences abuse.

♥ Violent Rape -when violence beyond the rape itself is a part of the assault. ♥ Statutory Rape -any sexual contact with a minor even if he or she agrees to the sexual activity.

♥ Acquaintance (“date”) Rape -between people who are already acquainted, or who know each other socially ♥ Spousal Rape -is also called marital rape, wife rape, partner rape or intimate partner sexual assault (IPSA).

♥ Group Rape -also known as “gang rape” or “pack rape”. -a group of people participate in the rape of a single victim. ♥ Gray Rape -victim is unable to demonstrate non-consent although he or she expresses displeasure at the encounter.

 Power-assertive

rapist -wishing to be an alpha male

 Power-reassurance

rapist -“gentleman rapist”

 Anger-retaliatory

rapist - often a substance abuser, with impulsive behavior and anger-related pathologies.

 Anger-excitation

rapist -considered the most dangerous and elusive -often sadistic



Facilitators -women who intentionally aid men in gaining access to children for sexual purposes.



Reluctant partners -women in long term relationships who go along with the sexual exploitation of a minor out of fear of being abandoned

 Initiating

partners -women who want to sexually offend against a child

 Seducers

and lovers -women who direct their sexual interest adolescents and develop an intense attachment

 Pedophiles

-desire and exclusive and sustained sexual relationship with a child  Psychotics

-suffer from a mental illness and who have inappropriate sexual contact with children as a result

 There

are no hard and fast, right or wrong answers to handle an attacker (National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) explains)  It depends on your emotional state and physical state, the situation, and the attacker’s personality. Surviving is the goal, but NCPC recommends the following:

INTERVENTIONS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Obtain the date of the LMP Determine form of birth control used and last act of intercourse before rape Duration of intercourse, orifices violated, and penile penetration Use of condom by perpetuator Shame, embarrassment and humiliation Anger and revenge Fear of telling others for fear of not being believe

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Sleep disturbance, nightmares Loss of appetite Fears, anxiety, phobias, suspicion Decrease in activities and motivation Disruptions in relationships with partner, family, friends Self-blame, guilt and shame Lowered self-esteem, feelings of worthlessness Somatic complaints

 Attraction

to men

 Consensual

sex later in life

 Flashbacks

(re-living the rape in your mind)

 Nightmares

ABUSE can be physical, sexual, psychological or financial Victims may attempt to dismiss injuries as accidental, and abusers may prevent victims from receiving proper medical care to avoid discovery Victims are often socially isolated Victims may be care providers for the abusers

Neglect can include

unintentional failure to care for the elderly person’s needs or an intentional neglect, such as abandonment

PHYSICAL ABUSE 2. Fractures 3. Lacerations 4. Punctures 5. Bruises 6. Burns

2. SEXUAL ABUSE b. Torn or stained underclothing c. Discomfort or bleeding in the genital area d. Difficulty in walking and sitting e. Unexplained genital infections or disease

1. 2.

3.

4.

Confusion Fearful and agitated Changes in appetite and weight Withdrawn and loss of interest in self and social activities

Asan na ang pera ko ???

Fearful when discussing finances Confused, inaccurate, or no knowledge about finances Inability to pay bills

Dishevelled appearance Dehydration and malnutrition Dressed inadequately or inappropriately Lacking physical needs, such as glasses, hearing aids and dentures Skin breaks Signs of medication overdose

Unexplained bruises, cuts, burns, sprains, or fractures in various stages of healing Bedsores or frozen joints Unexplained venereal disease or genital infections; vaginal or anal bleeding; torn, stained, or bloody underclothing Sudden changes in behavior Staff refusing to allow visitors to see resident or delays in allowing visitors to

Staff not allowing resident to be alone with visitor Resident being kept in an overmedicated state Loss of resident's possessions Sudden large withdrawals from bank accounts or changes in banking practices Abrupt changes in will or other financial documents

Report cases of suspected abuse Assess for physical injuries Assist with providing care to treat physical injuries Assist with legal procedures, such as police reports, order of protection and court-ordered counselling

Explore alternative living arrangements that are least restrictive and disruptive to the victim Assist in financial management protection Encourage counselling and provide referrals to emergency community resources Refer to protective services for adults Arrange counselling and treatment

CYCLE OF VIOLENCE Leonore Walker a sequence of male spouses battering It describes the aggression that intensifies in degree and frequency over time and holds the people involved in an

Child Abuse  intentional acts that result in physical or emotional harm to children. The term child abuse covers a wide range of behavior, from actual physical assault by parents or other adult caretakers to neglect of a child’s basic needs. Child abuse is also sometimes called child maltreatment

TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE Physical abuse - includes deliberate acts of violence that injure or even kill a child.  Unexplained bruises, broken bones, or burn marks on a child may be signs of physical

TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE 2. Sexual abuse - occurs when adults use children for sexual gratification or expose them to sexual activities. Sexual abuse may begin with kissing or fondling and progress to more intrusive sexual acts, such as oral sex and vaginal or anal

TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE 3. Emotional abuse - destroys a child’s self-esteem. Such abuse commonly includes repeated verbal abuse of a child in the form of shouting, threats, and degrading or humiliating criticism.

EFFECTS ON CHILDREN psychiatric

disorders like depression, excessive anxiety, or dissociative identity disorder, as well as an increased risk of suicide. behavior problems often develop after abuse, including violence and juvenile crime.

EFFECTS ON CHILDREN Children who are sexually

abused initially may show an unusual interest in sexual organs. They may demonstrate abnormal behavior, such as public masturbation or public display of their genitals. Long-term effects may include depression, low self-esteem, and sexual problems, such as avoidance of sexual contact, confusion about sexuality, or involvement in prostitution.

Effect in the parent and child: ◦ Rarely touch or look each other; ◦ Consider their relationship entirely negative; ◦ State that they do not like each other.

Risk Factors and behavioral indicators of an abused child: Shows

sudden changes in behavior and school performances; Has not received help for physical or medical problems; Has learning problems; Its always watchful, as though preparing for something bad to happen; Lacks of adult supervision;

Is

overly compliant, an overachiever or too responsible; It comes to school early, stays late, and does not want to go home; Has unexplained burns, bites, bruises, broken bones or black eyes; Has fading bruises or other marks;

Seems

frightened of the parents and protests or cries when it is time to go home from school; Shrinks at the approach of adults; or Reports injury by a parent or another adult caregiver.

Characterization and behavioral indicators of abusing parents: ◦ Shows little concern for the child; ◦ Denies the existence of the child; ◦ Asks the classroom teacher to use harsh physical discipline if the child misbehave; ◦ Sees the child entirely bad, worthless, or burdensome; ◦ Demands the perfection or a level of physical or academic performance the child cannot achieve.

CARE OF ABUSED CHILDREN

(1) separate the child from the parents and place him or her with a relative, foster home, or state institution, or (2) keep the child with the parents and provide the family with social support, such as counseling, food stamps, and child-care services.

L aws

Section 31. Healthcare provider Response to Abuse

Properly document any of the victims physical, emotional or psychological injuries b) Properly record any of victim’s suspicions, observations and circumstances of the examination or visit c) Automatically provide the victim free of charge a medical certificate concerning the examination or visit a)

d) Safeguard the records and make them available to the victim upon request at actual cost; and e) Provide the victim immediate and adequate notice of rights and remedies provided under this Act, and services available to them

Section 6 Penalties Imprisonment

and a fine in the amount of not less than 100,000.00 but nor more than 300,000.00 Undergo mandatory psychological counselling or psychiatric treatment and shall report compliance to court

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