Discourse Analysis

Syllabus

Discourse Analysis

Enter Dr. Sugeng Purwanto, MA

Dr. Sugeng Purwanto, MA

Personal Profile

Dr. Sugeng Purwanto, MA—born in Bandung on January 19, 1959— completed his Doctorate degree in English Language Pedagogy (Dr.) of UNNES in 2007 and his Master Degree (MA) of Griffith University, Australia in 1996 majoring in Applied Linguistics. His research interests include Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Literacy Pedagogy with a special expertise in Functional Grammar and its related subfields, such as Genre Studies, and Appraisal Systems. From 1982-1985 he was involved in Galang Refugee Camp under UNHCR-RI cooperation, as an ESL teacher, curriculum and material developer, finalizing his position as a ESL teacher trainer upon completion of work contract (1985). His book ‘Survival English for Overseas Employment’ was published in 2001. He is currently employed as a Senior Lecturer in Faculty of Language and Cultural Studies, University of Stikubank (UNISBANK) Semarang, specializing in the teaching of Language Research Methodology, Poetry, Drama and Prose Studies and Cross Cultural Understanding. He is now developing EFL multimedia, and this is part of his works.

Syllabus-Part 1

 Language in Use     

A sample of language What is a text? Text and discourse Spoken and written texts Conclusion

 Communication    

Grammar and communication Three kinds of pragmatic meaning Four aspects of communicative competence Conclusion

Syllabus-Part 2

 Context     

Conditions of language use Context and shared knowledge Text-activated context Unshared context Context and shared valued

Syllabus-Part 3

 Schematic Conventions       

Context and situation The concept of the schema Frames of reference Frames and cultural assumptions Interpersonal routines Adjacency pairs Genre

Syllabus-Part 4

 Co-textual relations     

Information structure Text linkage Anaphora and pro-forms Cohesion Cohesion and coherence

Syllabus-Part 5

 The Negotiation of Meaning       

Systemic and schematic knowledge Communicative convergence The cooperative principle The quantity maxim Conversational implicature Maxims of quality, relation and manner Cooperative and territorial imperative

Syllabus-Part 6

 Critical Analysis  Positioning  Terms of reference  Alternative wordings and persuasive purpose  Critical discourse analysis  The significance of textual choice  Implicature and textual choice  Implicature and grammatical choice

Syllabus-Part 7

 Text Analysis    

Actually attested language Norms of usage Patterns of collocation Semantic prosodies

Language in Use

1

A Sample of Language

2

What is a text?

3

Text and Discourse

4

Spoken and Written Text

A sample of language  “KEEP OFF THE GRASS.”  English  Capital letters, monosyllabic  A sentence, imperative  Two main constituents  cf. ‘Put out the light  ‘Put the light out  Keep the grass off

 To analyze Vs to act upon

√ √ √ √ √ √ ×

What is a text?

 A text is the actual use of a language  cf. a sentence (abstract unit of grammatical analysis

 A text is produced for communicative purposes.  To know a text is to be able to interpret it.  Shared knowledge ?  Context of culture  Context of situation

 Correct responses to a text is termed as ‘literate’

Text and discourse

 A text (whatever it looks like) has its own communicative purpose.  Discourse refers to

 What a text producer meant by a text.  What a text means to a receiver.

 Discourse is governed by  Broader issues of social and ideological values  Discourse is an institutionalized use of language  ‘Discourse’ may refer to idealized thoughts.

Spoken and written text

 Spoken text  Fragmented, Ephemeral  Disappearing as soon as it is produced to serve its immediate discourse purposes.  Grammatically intricate  Jointly produced as the discourse

 Written text  Well constructed, lexico-grammatically  Unilaterally produced as permanent record  Lexically dense

Conclusion  Semantic resources are encoded in a particular language assumed to be shared to enact a discourse—to get the intended meaning across to some second party . The linguistic trace of this process is the text.  In spoken text, the text is jointly produced as the discourse proceeds by overt interaction, and typically disappears once it has served its purpose. In writing, the text unilaterally produced and remains a permanent record. The meaning of a text has to be interpreted , and see how far interpretation corresponds with the intention.  Meanings are realized on the basis of lexicon, and context (of situation and of culture). Consider: “Got another battle tonight?”

Sex is not everything; but everything without sex is nothing.