Diagnostic Testing
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Diagnostic Testing
KUB – X-ray of the kidneys, ureters, bladders IVP – with contrast medium and X-ray Pre: Give laxative night before; enema in the AM NPO 120 prior Post: Observe reaction to contrast medium Give foods and fluids Retrograde Pyelography – contrast medium is given [sometimes under anesthesia] through the kidneys, then X-rays are taken to outline the structure Pre: Void before examination [same as IVP] Post: Check VS & MIO; withhold food and fluids; WOF reactions CT SCAN – an X-ray beam scans the body from different angles to provide clear, computerized, cross-sectional image of the kidneys Diagnosis of early stages of kidney disease; may or may not contrast medium UTZ – a non-invasive procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce an image or photograph of the kidneys Pre: NPO 120; NO smoking or chew gum Post: None required Cystoscopy – Direct visualization of the urethra, bladder, and urethral orifices with cystoscope; sedatives and analgesics may be Rx Dignositic Testing
2
Collecting Urine Specimens Clean voided specimens – 120 mL (4 oz) Clean-catch (midstream) specimens – identifies MO How? – External urinary meatus is cleansed first with soap and water – Voids 30 mL – Last urine is discarded – Sterile bedpan is used in special cases – Females may be catheterized to get a sterile sample Dignositic Testing
3
Collecting Urine Specimens Sterile specimens from IFC How? – – – –
Requires 3 mL [10 mL for routine urinalysis] Wear disposable gloves Needle G 21-25 Clamp the tube for <30min if urine is found below the collection port – Clean the port with antiseptic swab
24-H (Timed) specimens – Containers are put on either refrigerated, kept on ice, or contains a preservative – May be kept on separate or in one container [marked] – First voided urine is discarded and time is recorded – Last voided urine is collected and bladder is emptied completely Dignositic Testing
4
Collecting Urine Specimens Procedures & Techniques: 1.
Urine must be free of fecal contamination.
3.
Laboratory analysis is difficult if there is paper in the specimen.
5.
Take care not to contaminate other objects with urine.
7.
Take care that the specimen is properly identified.
9.
Urine decomposes when left at room temperature over time.
Dignositic Testing
5
Dignositic Testing
6
KUB – X-ray of the kidneys, ureters, bladders IVP – with contrast medium and X-ray Pre: Give laxative night before; enema in the AM NPO 120 prior Post: Observe reaction to contrast medium Give foods and fluids Retrograde Pyelography – contrast medium is given [sometimes under anesthesia] through the kidneys, then X-rays are taken to outline the structure Pre: Void before examination [same as IVP] Post: Check VS & MIO; withhold food and fluids; WOF reactions CT SCAN – an X-ray beam scans the body from different angles to provide clear, computerized, cross-sectional image of the kidneys Diagnosis of early stages of kidney disease; may or may not contrast medium UTZ – a non-invasive procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce an image or photograph of the kidneys Pre: NPO 120; NO smoking or chew gum Post: None required Cystoscopy – Direct visualization of the urethra, bladder, and urethral orifices with cystoscope; sedatives and analgesics may be Rx Dignositic Testing
2
Collecting Urine Specimens Clean voided specimens – 120 mL (4 oz) Clean-catch (midstream) specimens – identifies MO How? – External urinary meatus is cleansed first with soap and water – Voids 30 mL – Last urine is discarded – Sterile bedpan is used in special cases – Females may be catheterized to get a sterile sample Dignositic Testing
3
Collecting Urine Specimens Sterile specimens from IFC How? – – – –
Requires 3 mL [10 mL for routine urinalysis] Wear disposable gloves Needle G 21-25 Clamp the tube for <30min if urine is found below the collection port – Clean the port with antiseptic swab
24-H (Timed) specimens – Containers are put on either refrigerated, kept on ice, or contains a preservative – May be kept on separate or in one container [marked] – First voided urine is discarded and time is recorded – Last voided urine is collected and bladder is emptied completely Dignositic Testing
4
Collecting Urine Specimens Procedures & Techniques: 1.
Urine must be free of fecal contamination.
3.
Laboratory analysis is difficult if there is paper in the specimen.
5.
Take care not to contaminate other objects with urine.
7.
Take care that the specimen is properly identified.
9.
Urine decomposes when left at room temperature over time.
Dignositic Testing
5
Dignositic Testing
6
