Diagnos Gynoncol

Diagnostic Methods in Gynaecological Oncology Akinyinka O. Omigbodun Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Purpose Initial Assessment to Plan Patient’s Management  Monitoring of Response to Therapy  Assessing Prognosis 

Methods History & Physical Examination  Imaging  Endoscopy  Biochemical Markers 

Methods (2) Immunological Markers  Cellular/Tissue Diagnosis  Genetic Markers & Gene Probes 

Imaging 

Ultrasonography 

Transabdominal (TAUS) 

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Transvaginal (TVUS) 

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Cervix/Corpus/Ovaries/Trophoblast Cervix/Corpus/Ovaries/Trophoblast

Colour Doppler 

Corpus/Ovaries/Trophoblast

Imaging 

(2)

Plain X-rays 

Generally of Limited Value  Chest  Abdomen  Skeletal Survey

Imaging 

(3)

Conventional Contrast Studies  Intravenous Urography  Hysterosalpingography  Pelvic Angiography  Lymphangiography

Imaging 

(4)

Computerized Tomography Plain  Contrast 

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Plain  Contrast (with Gadolinium) 

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Positron Emission

Imaging 

(5)

Experimental Methods  Optical Coherence Tomography 

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Images analysed quantitatively for intensity of backscattered light from the epithelia and for rates of signal decay over the depth of epithelia OCT images, which contain information about epithelial and stromal structure, can be clinically obtained. Image features of normal and abnormal cervical epithelium differ significantly.

OCT is a novel technique that can map subsurface tissue structure to a

Endoscopy Colposcopy  Hysteroscopy  Laparoscopy  Cystoscopy  Procto-sigmoidoscopy  Culdoscopy 

Biochemical Markers Electrolytes & Urea  Creatinine/Uric Acid  Calcium, Phosphorus  Enzymes (e.g. LDH)  Liver Function Tests  Developmental (Embryonal) Proteins – hCG, αFP, CEA etc 

Cellular / Tissue Diagnosis 

Cytology 

Conventional 

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Fine Needle Aspiration (FNAB) 

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Vulva/Vagina/Cervix/Corpus/Ovaries/Peritoneum /Urine Breast/Vulva/Ovaries

Histology  

Regular Stains (Haematoxylin & Eosin) Special Stains (PAS, Silver Stains,

Genetic Markers/Gene Probes  

Chromosomal Markers Specific Genes & Gene Products    

BRCA 1; BRCA 2 Ras protein Her2-neu p53

THANK YOU

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