Desentralization Waste Mngmt In Vietnam

2007 East Asia Ministerial Sanitation Conference Beppu city, Japan, 30 Nov. – 1 Dec. 2007

DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR DENSE PERI-URBAN AREAS IN VIETNAM

NGUYEN, Viet-Anh, Assoc. Prof. PhD. Centre for Environmental Engineering (CEETIA), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering

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Content 1. 2. 3. 4.

Introduction Measure taken Results Conclusions and Recommendations

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1.Introduction

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Red river delta peri-urban areas: challenges 

      

In-between urban and rural context: – High pressures from urbanization – Low income, limited awareness, less infrastructure investments from higher level governments – Uncovered by urban sanitation services High groundwater table Nutrients reuse High density Mixed production (livestock breeding, food processing, other handicrafts) and living spaces Different water sources (rain, well, public shallow well ...) Flat topography, frequent flood, difficult to separate surface drain and wastewater 4 Toilets can not solve sanitation problem

Lai Xa hamlet, Ha Tay province

Ha no

Lai Xa hamlet 900 households

i: 0

.5

km

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2. Measures taken      

Assurance: willingness to change! Involvement of Community leaders, Group of Activists (40) – from Clusters, Mass Organizations, ... Coordination role! Start with IEC Master Plan for Water Supply and Sanitation for a Community Community choice: – Step-by-step approach in infrastructure development Solid Waste Management

Drainage

Wastewater Treatment

Clean Water Supply

Constant Awareness Raising efforts 6

Technical solutions        

Source separation of solid waste Composting station and sanitary landfill Decentralized scheme of wastewater mgmt CSOs VIP and DVCL for unsewered households Start from household: Screen and Grid removal. Guidance! Regular check! Community BASTAFs + CWs. Step-wise approach. Safe reuse of wastewater(?) 7

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To start from household! Indoor sanitation

Cluster sanitation

Wastewater treatment station

Discharge/Reuse 10

Removal Efficiency (%)

100

80

60

40 COD ST

BOD5 STAF

BAST

TSS BASTAF

Parameter

ST < STAF ~ BAST < BASTAF

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12

13

BASTAF for 80 households

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Non-technical solutions        

Training of trainers (40 activists) Community agreement, signed by households Institutional framework 50/50 share in investment costs Support for the poor Community supervision Setting up of local Sanitation Team Operational costs: household + local government

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Involved Stakeholders

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3. Results   

Visible physical improvements Health improvement Social environment in the village

Table 1. Hygiene behaviour change in Lai Xa Worsen

Stable

Some improv ements

Improve dalot

Acute respiratory Malnutrition

Hand-washing with soap

X

Face washing with individual towels

X

Disease

Practiceinthelast5 years…

Improvements (in % ) last 5 years

Skin Infection Tracoma Schistosomiasis

Clean water used for drinking and cooking Wastewater disposal

X

Protection clothes from wastewater

Intestinal Worms

X

Solid waste disposal

Light stomach problems

Diarrhoea

X X

-40

-20

0

20

40

Frequency reduction

60

80

100 20

Before

After 21

Before

After

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Some other solutions to share

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Further readings 

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

Duncan Mara, Jan-Olof Drangert, Nguyen Viet Anh, Andrzej Tonderski, Holger Gulyas, and Karin Tonderski. Selection of sustainable sanitation arrangements. IWA Journal: Water Policy, 9 (2007), 305–318 pp. Julie Beauséjour, Nguyen Xuan Dzung and Nguyen Viet Anh. Public participation and improved households practices in a small sanitation project in Lai Xa, Vietnam. Proceedings: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2006. J. Beauséjour and A. V. Nguyen. Decentralized Sanitation Implementation in Vietnam: A Peri-Urban Case Study. IWA Journal: Water Science & 25 Technology, Vol. 56 (2007), No. 5, pp 141 – 148.

4. Conclusions and Recommendations      

Community-based sanitation Coordination role of local government Decentralized approach, step-by-step Low-cost technical solutions, innovations Institutional and financial mechanism to sustain the system IEC should go first and stay along with technical solutions to ensure political will, behavior change and system sustainability

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Thank you very much for your attention

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