Depression

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPRESSION

Group Members Abdul Basit Malik Allah Razi Warda Saleem Imran Raza Ahsan Shafique Faisal Adil Rana Salman Asad Saleem

Sadness Feeling of worthless and guilt Withdrawal from others Want to be alone Loss of sleep Loss of appetite Loss of interest in usual activities Frustration Hopeless Low

Depression Is a psychiatric disorder characterized by a pervasive low mood, loss of interest in a person's usual activities and diminished ability to experience pleasure The course varies widely: it can be a once-in-a-lifetime event or have multiple recurrences; it can appear either gradually or suddenly; and can either last for a few months or be a life-long disorder.

Types of Depression Major Types of Depression Psychological Depression

Existential Depression

Types of Depression Psychological Depression 1. Specific, understandable feeling spirits; of disappointment or failure. floating. 2. Caused by recognizable source; problems and difficulties; specific channels of approach; we know why we are depressed. depressed. 3. Temporary—comes and goes with our changing life-situations. repressed. 4. Focused on a specific aspect of being; our lives; localized, isolatable. 5. We can overcome it by correcting the cause or simply letting it pass. embrace it.

Existential Depression 1. Generalized feeling of low indefinable, unintelligible, free2. Uncaused, no recognizable arises from within our selves; no channel of approach; we don't know why we are 3. Permanent—always present in our selves, altho often 4. Pervades every corner of our cannot be isolated. 5. We cannot eliminate it; but we can conceal it or

Psychological Depression Major Depression

Dysthymic Disorder

Psychological Depression Adjustment Disorder, with Depression

Bipolar Depression

Causes of Depression Family Genetic problem Family Crisis Trauma and Stress Financial problem Breakup of a relationship Death of Loved one Work stress

Causes of Depression Pessimistic personality Low self esteem Physical Condition Diseases (eg. Heart diseases, cancer, HIV etc)

Biological Theories Of Mood Disorders

Genetic Data

Psychological Theories Of Depression  Psychoanalytic theory  Cognitive theory

Psychological Theories Of Depression 

Haplessness/ hopelessness theories

learned hopelessness attribution learned helplessness Hopelessness Theory 3- Interpersonal theory of depression. 4- Psychological theories of bipolar disorder.

Psychological Therapies of Depression

 Psychodynamic Therapy  Cognitive and Behavior Therapy

Impacts of depression on women and its causes

Differences between male and female depression

Symptoms of depression in women Psychological symptoms Depressed mood Reduction of interest pleasure in activities, Hopelessness and worthlessness Suicidal thoughts

Physical symptoms •Sleep disturbance (insomnia or hypersomnia) •Appetite/weight •Changes Attention/concentration difficulties •Decreased energy or unexplained fatigue •Psychomotor disturbances

Biological causes of depression in women Premenstrual problems Pregnancy and infertility Postpartum depression Perimenopause and menopause

Social and cultural causes of depression in women Role strain Unequal power and status Sexual and physical abuse Relationship dissatisfaction

Psychological causes of depression in women Coping mechanisms Stress response Puberty and body image

Treating depression in women The main treatment approaches are Psychotherapy Antidepressant therapy Or a combination of the two

Psychotherapy Used to treat depression in several ways. supportive counseling. cognitive therapy works to change the pessimistic ideas Cognitive therapy can help the depressed person recognize which life problems are critical, and which are minor.

Medications Medication is usually an option, rather than a necessity Only helps you to feel better by controlling certain symptoms The medications used to treat depression include Tricyclic antidepressants monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), bupropion.

Depression in Children And Teens Experts used to think that only adults can get depression. Now we know that even a young child can have depression that needs treatment to improve.

What is depression in children and teens? Depression is a serious mood disorder that can take the joy from a child’s life. It is normal for a child to be moody or sad from time to time. You can expect these feelings after death of a pet or a move to a new city But if these feeling’s last for months they may be a sign of depression.

Symptoms of Depressed Child

Lose or gain weight Sleep too much or too little Feel hopeless, worthless or guilty Thinks about death or suicide.

How is Depression Diagnosed? Physical examination of a doctor How Is It Treated? Teaching the family and the child about depression can be a big help. it makes them less likely to blame themselves

Depression in old people particular problems for old age people Physical symptoms and depression Long-term illness Confusion and memory loss A new sense of loneliness

Why they get Depressed?

Painful events Past depression Physical illness medicines

Help yourself Ask for help Try to get out Try to eat properly Keep reminding yourself that you are fine Try not to keep your feelings to your self Try not to use drugs or cigarettes to make you feel better Don’t alter the number of tablets Try not to think that depression leads to senile and dementia.

Medical Treatment for Depression Antidepressants

Therapies for mood disorders  Psychological Therapies  Biological Therapies

Psychological Therapies for depression Psychodynamic Therapies Cognitive and behavior Therapies The NIMH treatment of depression collaborative research program

Mindfulness based cognitive therapy

Social Skill training Behavioral Activation Therapy Couple & family Therapy    

From individual to conjoint therapy Cognitive behavioral approaches Integration behavioral couples therapy Emotionally Focused therapy

Psychological therapies for bipolar depression

Biological Therapies of depression Electroconvulsive Therapy Drug Therapy   

Tricycles Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Monoamine Oxides (MOA) inhibitors.

drug therapy of bipolar disorder