Dailysocial_hoax_distribution_through_digital_platforms_2018.pdf

H o a x D i s t r i b u t i o n Thr oughDi gi t al Pl at f or ms i nI ndones i a2018

H o a x D i s t r i b u t i o n Thr oughDi gi t al Pl at f or ms i nI ndones i a2018

H o a xi t r o d u c t i o n D i s t r i b u t i o n n Thr oughDi gi t alPl at f or ms i nI ndonesi a2018

Thehi ghgr owt hofi nt er netands mar t phonepenet r at i oni nI ndones i ai snotcompensat ed wi t hvastunder st andi ngofdi gi t all i t er acy .T ec hnol ogyenc ount er sac hal l engi ng t r ans i t i on,par t i c ul ar l yi nt heol dergener at i on( di gi t al i mmi gr ant s ) .Di gi t al i mmi gr ant sr equi r e l ongert i met ounder s t andonl i nepr oduc t ’ sf unc t i onal i t yandc ul t ur e. I nt hei nt er neter a,i nf or mat i onf l owsc ont i nuous l yt hr ought hes oc i al medi a,c hatgr oup,and newsc hannel .Manypeopl ear eunabl et odi ges tt hi si nf or mat i onf ul l yandc or r ec t l y ,buthav e s t r ongdes i r et oi mmedi at el ys har ei twi t hot her s .Unf or t unat el y ,s omei nf or mat i onc anbr i ng manyi nt er pr et at i onsandv i ewpoi nt s .Somei nt er pr et at i onsmayl eadt omi s under s t andi ng.I n I ndones i a,s uc hc as esar eeas yt of i nd,mos tv i s i bl ei npol i t i c al ar eas . Thes ei deaar et hef oundat i onofhoax .Hoax ,ac c or di ngt oadef i ni t i on,i saf al s ehood del i ber at el yf abr i c at edt omas quer adeast het r ut h.I nI ndones i a,“ LawNo.1 1of2008on El ec t r oni cI nf or mat i onandTr ans ac t i on”ar t i c l e28s ec t i on( 2)t hr eat ensanyper s onwho k nowi ngl yandwi t houtaut hor i t ydi s s emi nat esi nf or mat i onai medati nf l i ct i nghat r edor di s s ens i ononi ndi v i dual sand/ orc er t ai ngr oupsofc ommuni t ybas edonet hni cgr oups , r el i gi ons ,r ac es ,andi nt er gr oups( SARA) . I ngener al ,peopl ef eel agi t at edbec auseofhoax es .Ac c or di ngt oas ur v ey ,c onduc t edby Mas y ar ak atT el emat i k aI ndones i ai near l y2017,about84. 5% of1 1 16r es pondent s c ons i der edt obedi s t ur bedbyt hi si s s ue. Dai l y Soc i al c onduc t sar es ear c ht oex pl or et hehoaxdi s t r i but i onf r om t hepl at f or m’ ss i de.I n c ol l abor at i onwi t hJ ak PatMobi l eSur v eyPl at f or m,wesur veyed2032smar t phoneuser si n I ndones i at ounder s t andabouthowhoaxi sdi s t r i but edamongdi gi t al pl at f or ms .

H o a x Me h o d o l o g y D i s t r i b u t i o n t Thr oughDi gi t alPl at f or ms i nI ndonesi a2018

Ther es ear chmet hodi sas ci ent i f i cwayoff i ndi ngandobt ai ni ngdat a.I ti sl i nked wi t ht hepr ocedur ei nconduct i ngr es ear chandi t st echni calpr oces s .I nt hi s r es ear ch,Dai l ySoci alus esaquant i t at i vemet hod.Thedat aobt ai neddi r ect l yf r om r es pondent si st r ans l at edi nt oar epr es ent at i veanddes cr i pt i veexpl anat i on.I t comeswi t ht abl es ,gr aphi cs ,ordi agr amst omakei teas i ert or ead. Expl or i ng cur r ent r el evant i s s ues

Choos i ng dat a col l ect i on model s

Es t abl i s hi ng par amet er s

Col l ect i ng dat a

Anal yzi ng dat a

Publ i s hi ng r epor t

Pr oces s esi nt hi sr es ear char easf ol l ows : 1 .Expl or e,f or mul at e,anddet er mi net hei s s ues . 2.For m ar es ear chmodelandr es ear chpar amet er s . 3.Det er mi net hei ns t r umentofdat acol l ect i on. 4.Col l ectdat af r om t her es ul t s . 5.Pr oces sandanal yzi ngdat a. 6.Cr eat ear epor t . Fur t herr esear chf r om Dai l ySoci al :ht t ps: //dai l ysoci al . i d/r esear ch

R e s p o n d e n tD e mo g r a p h i c s Res pondent sar es mar t phoneus er swhol i vei nt hevar i ousr egi oni nI ndones i a.The t ot alr es pondent swhopar t i ci pat edi nt hi ss ur veywer e2032peopl e.Thef ol l owi ng i sagener aldes cr i pt i onoft hes ur veyr es pondent s 'demogr aphi cs : 1 .Gender

3.Locat i on

Mal e

Java

5 7 . 9 7% 4 2 . 0 3%

7 7 . 2 1 %

Femal e

2.AgeRange

1 . 3 8% 1 4 . 5 2% 3 1 . 3 5% 2 1 . 7 5% <1 6

1 61 9

2025

2629

. 9 2% 3 . 0 2% 1 7 . 0 8% 7 . 9 9% 2 3035

3639

4045

>45

Out si deJava

2 2 . 7 9 %

s u r v e y f i n d i n g s

H o a xp a r t1 D i s t r i b u t i o nS o c i a l P l a t f o r mf o r G e t t i n gI n f o r ma t i o n Thr oughDi gi t alPl at f or ms i nI ndonesi a2018

Q:Whatappl i cat i on( soci almedi a)i susual l yusedt or ecei veani nf or mat i on?

7 7 . 7 6% 7 2 . 9 3% 6 0 . 2 4% 3 2 . 9 7% 2 1 . 7 0% 1 0 . 0 9% O t h e r o p t i o n

2 . 5 1 %

Fac ebook ,What s App,andI ns t agr am ( al l ar eownedbyFac ebookI nc )ar et het opt hr ee got oappsonl ook i ngf ori nf or mat i on.Uns ur pr i s i ngf ac tgi v ent hes et hr eeappsar eal s ot he mos tpopul ars oci al andmes s agi ngappsi nI ndones i a,ac c or di ngAppAnni e’ sdat a.

H o a xp a r t2 D i s t r i b u t i o nT h eP r o c e s so f D e e p e n i n gI n f o r ma t i o n Thr oughDi gi t alPl at f or ms i nI ndonesi a2018

Q:Whenyour ecei veani nf or mat i on,doyour eadt heent i r emat er i al ?

4 . 4 8% 2 2 . 3 9% 7 7 . 7 6%

Readt heent i r ei nf or mat i on

J us tr eadt het i t l e

Noti nt er es t edt or ead

Fr om t hes ur v ey ,t her es ul t swer equi t egood.About73% r es pondent sans wer edt heyr ead t heent i r ei nf or mat i on,whi l ear ound22% onl yr eadt het i t l e.Att hi ss t age,i t ’ sapos i t i v et r end. Howev er ,gi v ent hec ur r entc ondi t i on,wher ehoaxi seas i l ys pr eadi ng,r eadi ngt heent i r e i nf or mat i oni snotf ul l ys uf f i c i ent .Ver i f i c at i onpr oc es soratl eas ts i mpl el ogi c al anal y s i si s r equi r edt or ev i ewani nf or mat i on.

H o a xp a r t3 D i s t r i b u t i o nE f f o r tt oF o r w a r d a nI n f o r ma t i o n Thr oughDi gi t alPl at f or ms i nI ndonesi a2018

Q:Whenyour ecei veani nf or mat i on,doyouf or war di tt osomeoneel se,ei t hert o i ndi vi dualoragr oupofper son? Somet i mes( i fIconsi der i tt obei mpor t ant )

7 7 . 7 6%

Never

1 6 . 0 9%

Of t en( al mostever y news)

1 1 . 8 6%

Thes ur v eyr ev eal s72% amongr es pondent sans wert heys omet i mesf or war dt he i nf or mat i ont oani ndi v i dual oragr oupofper s on( e. gc hatgr oup)i ft hei nf or mat i oni s c ons i der edt obei mpor t ant .Onl y1 1% s ai dt heyal mos tnev erf or war di t .Agai n,t hi spoi nti s c ons i der edc r i t i c al i ft hei nf or mat i oni sdi ges t edwi t houtpr operanal y s i sorv er i f i cat i on.

p a r t4 E f f o r tt oV e r i f ya nI n f o r ma t i o n Q:Whenyour ecei ve i nf or mat i on,doyouver i f yi t ?

5 5 . 6 1 % Yes, al ways

4 1 . 5 8% Somet i mes

2 . 8 1 % No

Whenas k edwhet hert her e’ sef f or tt ov er i f yan i nf or mat i on,mor et hanhal f( 55%)of r es pondent ss ai dt heyal way sv er i f yan i nf or mat i on,wi t h41% s ai dt heys omet i mes v er i f yi t .I t ’ sac r uc i al as pec ti nt hi sc y c l e.Thi s v er i f i c at i oni sanat t emptt oens ur et hev al i di t y andac c ur ac yofani nf or mat i on.Fac ti s s omet hi ngt hatmus tbeabenc hmar ki n as ses s i ngi nf or mat i on.Wi t houtv er i f i c at i on, peopl ec anbemi s l edwi t hopi ni ons .I deal l y i nf or mat i onv er i f i c at i oni si mpor t ants t ept obe donebyev er y one.

a r t5 H o a x p e t e c taH o a x D i s t r i b u t i o n D Thr oughDi gi t alPl at f or ms i nI ndonesi a2018

Q:I nyouropi ni on,i sdet ect i nghoaxdi f f i cul t ?

2 4 . 8 0 % Easy

4 4 . 1 9 % NotSur e

3 1 . 0 0 % Di f f i cul t

Thi sf i ndi ngi squi t eal ar mi ng.Mos tr es pondent s( 75%)f i ndi tdi f f i c ul toruns ur ewhen as ses s i ngahoax . How doyoudet ecthoax? Looki ngf orcompar at i venewssour ces

Aski ngt r ust edcol l eagues

44. 73% Cr osschecki ngt hr oughsear chengi ne

8. 96% Ot heropt i on

32. 82% Assessi ngf r om t hesour ce/ sender 12. 99% Themos tf r equentmet hodt odet ec thoaxar el ook i ngf orc ompar at i v enews our c es ( 44%) ,f ol l owedbyc r os sc hec k i ngv i as ear c hengi ne( 32%) ,andas s es s i ngf r om t he s our c e/ s ender( 13%) .

0. 49%

a r t6 H o a x p o a xF r e q u e n c y D i s t r i b u t i o n H Thr oughDi gi t alPl at f or ms i nI ndonesi a2018

Doyouof t enr ecei vehoax?

5 3 . 2 5% 4 5 . 0 8% 1 . 6 7% Of t en

Somet i mes

Never

Thes ur v eys howst hatmor et hanhal f( 53%)oft het ot al r es pondent ss ai dt heyof t en r ec ei v ehoaxdi s t r i but edt hr ought hei rs oc i al pl at f or ms .Ar ound45% c l ai mst or ec ei ve i ts omet i mes .I t ’ sas er i ousc ondi t i on,gi v enhoaxdi s t r i but i onhasbeenv er ymas s i v e. Q:I nwhatpl at f or m doyouusual l yr ecei vehoax?

8 1 . 2 5% 5 6 . 5 5% 2 9 . 4 8% 1 1 . 3 7% 1 0 . 3 8% 5 . 8 6% O t h e r o p t i o n

1 . 6 7%

Themos tpopul arpl at f or msar eal s owher ehoaxi smos t l yc i r c ul at ed.81% r es pondent shav eenc ount erhoaxi nFac ebook ,f ol l owedby56% i nWhat s App,and 29% i nI ns t agr am. Twi t t eri ss ur pr i s i ngl yc ons i der edasas af erpl at f or m( 10%) ,howev ert hei t ’ smos t l y bec aus eTwi t t eri snol ongerc ons i der edapopul arpl at f or m amongr es pondent s( i n I ndones i a) .Onl y21% r es pondent si nPar t1ar er ec ei v i ngi nf or mat i onf r om Twi t t er , l es st hanat hi r df r om t hes i mi l armet r i cf orFac ebook .

a r t7 H o a x p c t i o n sT a k e nWh e n D i s t r i b u t i o n A R e c e i v i n gaH o a x Thr oughDi gi t alPl at f or ms i nI ndonesi a2018

Q:Whatdoyoudowhenr ecei vi nghoax? Not hi ngandnot bel i evi ngi t Looki ngf orcompl et e i nf or mat i onand pr ovi decl ar i f i cat i on aboutt hef act

5 1 . 0 3% 3 2 . 8 7%

Repr i mandi ngt he per sonwhosenti t

1 1 . 5 6%

Repor t i ngi tt ot he aut hor i t i es

3 . 6 9%

Ot her

0 . 8 4%

Hal foft her es pondent s( 51%)det er mi net or emai ns i l entwhent heyr ec ei v ehoax .I t s i gnal smos tpeopl el i k el yt obeapat het i caboutt hi si s s ue.I not herhand,32% ar e l ook i ngf orc ompl et ei nf or mat i on,whi l e1 1% ar eappr oac hi ngt hes enderand r epr i mandhi m/ her . Apat hyandnegl ec t i ngbehav i ormayhel pt oampl i f yhoax ’ sdi s t r i but i on.I t ’ sac onc er n f oraut hor i t i est omak eeas i erpr oc edur eon r epor t i nghoax .Wi t houtt hi sac t i on,i t ’ s get t i nghar dt os uppr es si t .

c o n c l u s i o n

o n c l u s i o n H o a xc D i s t r i b u t i o n Thr oughDi gi t alPl at f or ms i nI ndonesi a2018

1.Fac ebook ,What s App,andI ns t agr am ar et hemos tpopul arpl at f or mf orr es pondent st o r ec ei v ei nf or mat i on.Theyar eal s oc ons i der edt obet hemos tpopul arpl at f or msf orhoax di s t r i but i on. 2.Mos tr es pondent s( 73%)al way sr eadt heent i r ei nf or mat i on.Howev eronl yar oundhal f ( 55%)t hatal way sv er i f yt heac c ur ac y( f ac tc hec k ) . 3.Ar ound72% ofr es pondent shav et endenc yt of or war dani nf or mat i ont heyc ons i dert obe i mpor t ant . 4.Ac c or di ngt omos tr es pondent s( 75%) ,det ec t i nghoaxi snoteasy .Thec ommonmet hodt o r ec ogni z ei ti sbyf i ndi ngdi f f er ents our c esands ear c ht hei nf or mat i ont hr oughs ear c h engi nes . 5.Mor et hanhal fofr es pondent s( 53%)c l ai mt of r equent l yr ec ei v ehoax ,howev ermos t ( 51%)ar edoi ngnot hi ngwhenr ec ei v i ngi t ,ot hert hanj us tnotbel i ev i ngi t .Ar ound32% t r y t ol ookf ur t hert of i ndc ompl et eandc l ar i f i edi nf or mat i on.

H o a x D i s t r i b u t i o n Thr oughDi gi t alPl at f or ms i nI ndonesi a2018

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