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Allergy Research Group® Newsletter

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March 2006

Dr. Leo Galland's New Fat Resistance Diet Leo Galland, M.D., discusses his new book The Fat Resistance Diet™, and how to use specific foods to combat leptin resistance, the underlying cause of the obesity epidemic.

In This Issue Glutathione from Whey Protein: The Latest Developments . . . 1 The Fat Resistance Diet™ by Leo Galland, M.D. . . . . . . . . . 2 In The Spotlight: Rye Grass Extract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Cysteine-Containing Peptides Offer Superior Absorption for Glutathione Production . . . . .4 Comprehensive Ayurvedic Herbs for Superior Blood Sugar Stabilization . . . . . . . .7

Turn to page 2 for more on Dr. Galland's new book.

In The Spotlight: Rye Grass Extract Rye Grass Extract, a unique, multipurpose remedy used for asthma and immune support. Turn to page 3 for more on Rye Grass Extract.

Glutathione from Whey Protein: The Latest Developments Cysteine-Containing Peptides Offer Superior Absorption With almost thirty years of research behind it, the use of whey protein for raising hepatic glutathione levels to support patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, HIV, and cancer, has evolved into some very high quality whey products. Research from such groundbreaking doctors as Dr. Gustavo Bounous and Dr. Paul Cheney, M.D., Ph.D., have paved the way for breakthroughs in the world of whey. Now, a "next-generation" whey protein product has emerged from a technology utilizing a proprietary live enzymatic process yielding a superior whey protein with cysteine-containing peptides, which offers what we believe to be highly bioavailable glutathione precursors. Such bioavailability makes it possible to reduce dosages from what used to be 10-20 grams per day down to 3.5 grams to produce desired results. Turn to page 4 for more on Cysteine-Containing Peptides.

Comprehensive Ayurvedic Herbs for Superior Blood Sugar Stabilization Allergy Research Group® 2300 North Loop Road, Alameda, CA 94502 Phone: 800-545-9960/510-263-2000 Fax: 800-688-7426/510-263-2100 www.allergyresearchgroup.com

Dr. Aditya Sharma, Ph.D., Clinical Ayurvedic Specialist and Herbalist, has utilized a comprehensive combination of herbs and nutrients for blood sugar stabilization. His approach includes a variety of well-documented Ayurvedic herbs with the addition of alpha-lipoic acid, chromium and vanadium. For more on Dr. Sharma's herbs & nutrients for blood sugar control, turn to page 7.

The Fat Resistance Diet™ Using Food to Combat Leptin Resistance, the Underlying Cause of the Obesity Epidemic By Leo Galland, M.D. SUMMARY: Chronic obesity results from resistance to leptin, an auto-regulatory fat-derived hormone, or adipokine. The major cause of leptin resistance appears to be the chronic low-grade inflammation that is associated with obesity. This vicious cycle: weight gain, inflammation, leptin resistance and increasing obesity, can be broken by a weight loss diet built around anti-inflammatory foods. An annotated scientific bibliography supporting this dietary approach, with sample menus and recipes, can be found in my new book The Fat Resistance Diet™. The discovery that fat cells produce hormones (adipokines) revealed that fat is a biologically active tissue, not simply an inert storehouse of unused calories. Through the actions of adipokines, excess fat by itself can cause hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, stroke and osteoarthritis. More important, by producing adipokines, fat regulates itself. Adipokines can increase or decrease appetite and metabolic rate, making weight control easier or harder. Leptin, the first adipokine, informs the brain of the size of the body’s fat stores, functioning as part of a negative feedback loop. When an animal or human is overfed and begins to gain weight, the increase in body fat leads to increased leptin synthesis, which in turn suppresses appetite and stimulates fat burning, helping to restore normal weight. The more body fat, the higher the circulating levels of leptin. Obesity results from the failure of leptin signaling, a condition called leptin resistance, which is analogous to the insulin resistance that underlies type 2 diabetes. When scientists at the University of Texas developed a breed of rats that were genetically protected against developing leptin resistance, they found that they 

Focus March 2006

could force feed the rats without mak- tion is promoted by dietary factors that ing them obese. In all other respects, include trans-fatty acids, saturated fat, these rats were the same as controls. a high omega-6/omega-3 ratio, refined For humans, the major cause of carbohydrates and a corresponding leptin resistance appears to be chronic lack of dietary fiber. Inflammation is inflammation, a biochemical state in- also promoted by exposure to environduced in the body through the actions mental pollutants like organochlorines of cytokines, prostanoids, kinins and and phthalates. other inflammatory molecules. Obesity I designed the Fat Resistance Di itself adds to inflammation, because et™ as an anti-inflammatory weight loss fat tissue produces inflammatory cy- diet, enriched with foods that reverse tokines like TNF-alpha and interleu- leptin resistance by combating inflamkin-6. Chronically overweight people mation. Omega-3 fats, fiber, polyphesuffer from a vicious cycle of inflam- nols, carotenoids, isothiocyanates and mation, leptin resistance, obesity, more sulfides are abundant. Saturated and inflammation, greater weight gain. In omega-6 fats and the glycemic load are this cycle, inflammation causes leptin carefully controlled. To make this diet resistance indirectly, by stimulating appealing and attractive, I asked Jonathe synthesis of blocking molecules than Galland, a gourmet cook, to decalled suppressors of cytokine signal- sign and test delicious, easy to prepare ing (SOCS). recipes and meal plans based on classic To limit the damage produced American and international favorites, by the inflammatory response, the adapted to meet exacting standards of body offers a counter-regulatory, anti- nutritional quality. The food elevates the inflammatory response, spearheaded science and makes it practical. by anti-inflammatory SOCS molecules. SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 interfere with cells’ ability to respond to leptin. SOCS-3 also blocks the response to insulin and is a key factor in insulin resistance. The SOCS counter-regulatory response is a major cause of leptin Metabolic Co-Factor resistance and a major facItem #74710 tor in the development Unique multinutrient formula designed to support the body in of obesity. To turn off utilization and metabolism of essential fatty acids.* Developed the production of SOCS by Dr. Galland. chemicals that cause leptin resistance, one has to turn SlimGreens off the inflammation that Item #75690 causes cells to make them. Unique "super green" powder providing broad-spectrum nutritional support. Specially formulated by Dr. Galland for use with Research on several fronts The Fat Resistance Diet™. has shown that inflamma-

To order Dr. Galland's new book or the ARG products he recommends call: 800-545-9960

Dr. Galland recommends the following products available from ARG:

RenewPro™

Item #75600 Super concentrated whey protein powder that supports detoxification, immune function and energy levels.* *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

In The Spotlight: Rye Grass Extract What is Rye Grass Extract? Rye Grass Extract (RGE) is a patented extract of the young rye plant, Secale cereale L., which is harvested while the rye grass is still green, and at its peak in nutrient density. RGE is produced in Australia, where it is recognized as an over-the-counter remedy for the temporary relief of the symptoms of coughs, colds, flus and sore throats by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration. The rye grass used in RGE is cultivated from biodynamically grown Secale cereale grain. The biodynamic preparations were developed as indicated by Dr. Rudolf Steiner in 1924: a specific manure preparation ("cow horn") is used to enliven the soil in which the Secale is grown to increase the microflora content and bioavailability of nutrients and trace elements. While the biodynamically grown Secale cereale plant contains traditional nutrients, such as proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, it is also rich in beta-1, 3-glucan, squalene, coenzyme Q10, phytoestrogens, genistein, daidzein, matairesinol, phytosterols and sterolins. RGE & Asthma Study at John Hunter Hospital In April 1999, the John Hunter Hospital in New South Wales, Australia, completed a controlled clinical trial on the effectiveness of RGE on mild to moderate asthma in adults. During the study, patients taking RGE reported improvement in asthma symptoms and general well-being, as well as improved ability to ex-

ercise and significantly improved lung function. The researchers concluded in their report that clinicians may consider the use of RGE for patients who are seeking complementary asthma therapies. RGE & Cancer Study at University of Witwaterstrand, South Africa A study of RGE for anti-tumor activity in vitro using five cancer cell lines was conducted in 2002 by the Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwaterstrand, South Africa. Research professors Indres Moodley and Ntyiso Shengwenyana reported that RGE caused a concentration-related inhibition of cell proliferation in all five cancer cell lines. Calculated in percentages, the level of inhibition reached for each cancer cell line is shown below:

cells enhance the function of specialized cytotoxic cells, which kill off cells infected with bacteria or viruses. In HIV, for example, it is known that immune suppression is due to the body’s failure to make sufficient lymphokines which stimulate the activity of cytotoxic cells. In 2001, the Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine (Vol. 16, No. 3), published an article by Daniel Rubin, N.D., on RGE as a primary immune activator. Dr. Rubin reported on five cases which clinically illustrate the therapeutic effect of RGE on people with HIV. The article suggests that RGE's positive effect on the immune system is via augmentation of the natural defenses, and most likely includes mobilization of the latent CD4+ leukocyte population.

In all five cases, the T-cell count rose and the viral load dropped after adLiver Carcinoma 89% ministration of RGE. In addition, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia 78% RGE improved patient tolerance to Renal Cancer 52% medication regimens, the side-efBreast Cancer 89% fects of which are often debilitating. Liver Cancer 55% The improved tolerance not only enhanced quality of life, but also The researchers stated that the level improved patient compliance. of inhibition was equal to or greater than that produced by commonly "My personal experience with RGE used cytotoxic agents. as a physician has been compelling and I feel it is my duty to share this RGE & HIV clinical data which I believe repreJournal of Orthomolecular Medicine sents an important marker for the The Secale plant contains phytoster- well being and longevity of people ols and sterolins. These plant fats, with HIV and AIDS. I believe that when present together, have been RGE finds its strengths mainly in shown to modulate the function of promoting quality of life and well T-cells by enhancing T-cell division being, while effectively augmentand their secretion of lymphokine- ing the immune system..." - Dan activated killer cells. These killer Rubin, N.D. Cancer Cell Line Inhibition



Cysteine-Containing Peptides Offer Superior Absorption for Glutathione Production Whey protein extract/filtrate (WPEF) is a new development in hydrolysed whey protein powder that is specifically designed to support glutathione production in the liver. Cysteine is an important precursor to glutathione, one of the most powerful antioxidant nutrients. Research suggests that the key active ingredient in WPEF, cysteine-containing peptides, are easier for the body to absorb. Glutathione plays a major role in detoxification and is synthesized primarily in the liver. There have been a number of researchers over the years that have suggested that glutathione may be the missing link in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Dr. Paul Cheney is considered one of the preeminent researchers in the etiol-

was demonstrated by concomitant elevation of lipid peroxides (a good indirect indicator of glutathione deficiency) in the same subjects. (For more on the history of CFS & whey protein see opposite page). Glutathione for Autism & Parkinson's In the work of S. Jill James, et al. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6):1611-7), it was found that glutathione was depleted in autistic children, and that this resulted from a partial block in the methylation (also called methionine) cycle, and that this partial block resulted in part from genetic variations in the genes for certain enzymes and proteins associated with sulfur metabolism, and that it interfered with the conversion of methionine

“Glutathione deficiency has been very refractory to treatment, with very few strategies available. That has changed significantly, however, with the advent of partially hydrolyzed/undenatured whey protein.” Dr. Paul Cheney, M.D., Ph.D. Leading Chronic Fatigue Researcher

ogy, pathophysiology and treatment of CFS. Dr. Cheney has a “unifying” concept that explains and integrates the complex and diverse factors involved in the pathogenesis of CFS, including the defect in detoxication and elevated xenobiotic toxicity: relative glutathione deficiency. In a 1999 presentation at a medical meeting in Dallas, Dr. Cheney reported finding glutathione deficiency in virtually all CFS patients tested over the previous 10 years; one-half to one-third of patients had below normal glutathione levels (whole blood) while the remainder fell in the very low normal range compared to controls. Additional evidence of the biological importance of this phenomenon 

Focus March 2006

to cysteine, which is the rate-limiting amino acid for the synthesis of glutathione. They found that by using certain supplements, they could lift the block in the methylation cycle and restore glutathione levels. It has long been recognized that most Parkinson’s patients manifest flaws in their ability to detoxify various chemicals to which they are exposed. Intravenous glutathione treatments have been shown to considerably improve some of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease including difficulties with rigidity, walking, movement, coordination and speech. A marked reduction of tremor has been observed as well as a decrease in depression.

David Perlmutter, M.D. and Patricia Kane, Ph.D., are among doctors utilizing I.V. glutathione therapy. Perlmutter, a pioneer in the therapy, has developed a protocol used at the Perlmutter Health Center. Dr. Perlmutter states that: “Eighty to ninety percent improve dramatically. It’s felt that the mechanism that allows it to work is in increasing the sensitivity to certain receptors to dopamine. Glutathione doesn’t raise dopamine levels, but it allows the dopamine in the brain to be more effective. Glutathione not only increases sensitivity to dopamine, but also to serotonin, which may explain why many of our depressed Parkinson's patients have a remarkable improvement.” Informal Human Trials In informal product trials, 11 volunteers taking WPEF reported experiencing improved energy, motivation, sleep, and mental alertness. The subjects reported they felt increased natural energy levels, which allowed them to get more things done. Their comments include the following: “feels like a nice even flow of energy, not hyper energy”, “its not a fake type of energy”, “just feeling better, more energy”, “more alive, but don’t know how to explain it.” After the study was completed, many of them wanted more WPEF for themselves and for family and friends. Most of the subjects began to notice the health benefits of WPEF within 3 days to 1 week of taking it. Animal Studies In an independent animal study, rats were fed a standard, casein-based diet in which the supply of sulfur-containing amino acids (GSH precursors) was increased by 40%. The total protein content of the diet was 20%, a part of it (max. 50%) was replaced by

cysteine-containing peptides. In rats given a reference diet low in cysteine, the baseline levels were re-established, whereas in the WPEF group, almost two times more GSH was synthesized. Higher amounts of cysteine did not increase the liver glutathione synthesis further because a feedback level was reached. In a second study, the researchers wanted to determine the effect WPEF would have on liver glutathione levels after severe toxic and oxidative stress. They discovered that when glutathione binds to toxins in the liver for detoxification, glutathione levels can be completely exhausted, even if there was a high glutathione level before the challenge. In rats given WPEF, baseline glutathione levels were re-established, with an increase of 40%. These results indicate that following a stressful condition, the liver will attempt to produce more glutathione, which can only occur in the presence of increased amounts of its limiting precursor, cysteine. The researchers also observed quicker restoration of liver tissue integrity after oxidative challenge. These studies demonstrate that glutathione levels can be dramatically altered with WPEF. New Human Clinical Study: Effect of WPEF after Oxidative Challenge by Alcohol In a 21-day placebo controlled, blind study, human subjects consumed 40 g of alcohol (2 glasses of red wine) per day on a controlled diet. The test group received 3.4 g WPEF (1 level tablespoon) per day, while the placebo group received 3.4 g of an amino acid mixture identical to WPEF, but without the key active ingredient cysteine-containing peptides. After 21 days, biomarkers were measured: urine F2-isoprostanes (F2IP), a marker of lipid peroxidation, was found to be reduced in the WPEF group to a statistically significantly degree. In addition, plasma C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker for

systemic inflammation as well as a cardiovascular disease risk marker, was also found to be reduced to near statistically significant levels. In light of the fact that this was a small study, this is an impressive result. Alcohol was chosen as a model for this particular study on oxidative stress, but we believe that the majority of oxidative stressors could be offset with the compound. Much of chemical stress is oxidative. Even emotional stress can precipitate oxidative stress because of the autooxidation of stress hormones. Infection can stimulate oxidative stress through the free radical oxidative burst of phagocytes. Physical trauma can also precipitate oxidative damage through iron and copper catalyzed single electron transfers. Glutathione is often considered by experts to be the key antioxidant that the body produces. These results demonstrate that WPEF reduces oxidative stress after hepatic challenge (in this case, alcohol). The results were presented by the manufacturer in December 2005, and are set to be published in a peer-reviewed journal in 2006. More History on Whey Protein & Chronic Fatigue In 1978, Dr. Gustavo Bounous initiated a novel research program to search for a dietary protein source that would boost the immune system. In collaboration with colleague Dr. Patricia Kongshavn, studies led to the discovery of an undenatured serum milk concentrate that sustained normal glutathione levels and promoted immune enhancing activity. In 1993, subsequent identification of the active ingredients present in this protein mixture led to the production of one of the more well-known whey protein powders called Im-

munocal®. From 1978 to 1989, Bounous and Kongshavn published 14 papers on their research (see www. immunocal.com). Dr. Bounous originally patented the use of whey protein for HIV and cancer based upon the fact that it enhanced glutathione production. WPEF is an extension of his work and the work of Dr. Paul Cheney, however with WPEF, one can take 3 or 4 grams for efficacy as opposed to taking the 10 to 20 grams needed with Immunocal®. The Advantages of WPEF Supplementation Glutathione fulfills most of its biological functions intracellularly. It generally cannot be transported as a tripeptide into cells. The transport mechanism comprises the degradation of glutathione, coupled with the transfer of free cysteine into the cell. Therefore, to be effective, glutathione supplements generally must first be broken down to cysteine, absorbed, and then re-synthesized by the liver to fulfill glutathione’s many biological functions. WPEF, which contains cysteine-containing peptides, offers a unique solution to this metabolic challenge. The whey proteins have captured the attention of many innovative physicians and appear to be a more advanced method of glutathione precursor supplementation over Nacetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Although NAC is still a well documented and proven way to enhance glutathione levels, there have been reports of stomach upset at higher doses. Of the available whey protein products, cysteine-containing peptides are a more convenient method of supplementation because they can be used at much lower doses and have a neutral taste, and are supported by both animal and human studies. q

“The new WPEF whey product is absolutely phenomenal. I am very excited about it because raising liver glutathione is so critical as the liver is the chief repository of glutathione and seeds it to all the other key organs including the intestines.” Dr. Michael Rosenbaum, M.D.



CoQsol-CF 100% Crystal-Free Superior Bioavailability CoQsol-CF™ is a unique, patent-pending, oil-based softgel formulation of CoQ10, tocopherol (vitamin

™

AllergyResearchGroup

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Superior Absorption CoQsol-CF™

CoQ10 in soy bean oil

CoQsol-CF™ is a NEW all natural, patent pending matrix at 200X magnification

CoQ10 powder and soy bean oil mixture (A non CoQsol® product) at 200X magnification

E), and d-limonene. Tocopherols are added to enhance the biological function of CoQ10, which helps maintain the antioxidant state of vitamin E. Food grade d-limonene is a distilled fruit oil extract that serves as a non-polar, organic solvent. This combination results in a liquid, 100% crystal-free solution of CoQ10 that provides exceptional bioavailability.* (See comparison photos).

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Mucolyxir™ A DNA-Based Nutritional Supplement

5 Reasons to try Mucolyxir... Again! • Bigger bottle (2-month supply), same price! • New, improved dropper bottle works better than before! • New seal for maximum stability! • New hypoallergenic formula with no synthetic preservatives! • People are loving it!

Developed to support respiratory health.* Based on preclinical investigations and clinical trials, Mucolyxir™ appears to be supportive in the regulation of mucus.* The small amount of DNA in Mucolyxir™ may support healthy mucus levels via a regulatory mechanism.* "Microdose DNA is different than other DNA-based therapies. This approach does not effect gene transfer; it relies on the physical molecule itself to place into motion a series of events at the cellular level. This agent can be of considerable help to many people." Albert Dahlberg, M.D., Ph.D. Professor, Brown University, Providence, RI

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.



Focus March 2006

Comprehensive Ayurvedic Herbs for Superior Blood Sugar Stabilization by Dr. Aditya Sharma, Ph.D., Clinical Ayurvedic Specialist, Herbalist Dr. Aditya Sharma, Ph.D., has over 20 years experience in the nutritional and pharmaceutical field. His expertise is in the formulation of vitamins, minerals and Ayurvedic herbs. He is also a founder of the Geeta Ayurvedic Healing Center in Southern California. Dr. Sharma practices Ayurvedic medicine and also teaches the principles of Ayurveda. For many years, Dr. Sharma has utilized a broad spectrum approach using various Ayurvedic herbal and nutrient adaptogens with his patients for blood sugar stabilization. According to Dr. Sharma, the most common response of benefits in patients occurs in 2-4 days, however, some patients require up to 2-3 weeks. Dr. Sharma also states that the herbs are appropriate for all three Ayurvedic doshas (Vata, Pitta and Kapha). These herbs and nutrients include: Trigonella foenum-graecum extract (fenugreek), Gymnema sylvestre extract (gurmar), guggul extract, green tea extract, Azadirachta indica extract (neem), Eugenia jambolana extract (jambu), Momordica charantia extract (bitter melon), alpha-lipoic acid, chromium polynicotinate, vanadyl sulfate, bilberry extract, turmeric (curcumin 95%), cayenne pepper extract, banaba leaf extract, and cinnamon extract. The following is Dr. Sharma’s detailed description of these compounds and their actions:

Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Extract (Fenugreek)

Gymnema Sylvestre Extract (Gurmar)

Fenugreek has a long history in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for numerous indications, including labor induction, aiding digestion, and as a general tonic to improve metabolism and health. Preliminary animal and human trials suggest possible hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties of oral fenugreek seed powder.1

Gymnema sylvestre is a plant native to the tropical forests of India, and has long been used as a treatment for diabetes. Recent scientific investigation has upheld its effectiveness in both Type I and Type II diabetes. Gymnema is probably the most practical herbal recommendation for improving blood sugar control in diabetics. There is some evidence that it may regenerate or revitalize the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.

Fenugreek contains a number of steroidal sapogenins. The alkaloids trigonelline, trigocoumarin, trimethyl coumarin and nicotinic acid are also present. Mucilage is a prominent constituent in the seeds.2 Fenugreek has been mentioned in early literature as a hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory agent. Its effects as an oral hypoglycemic have been evaluated.3 Anti-ulcer properties have been studied in rats.4 Hypocholesterolemic and anti-inflammatory effects have been observed, forming the basis of its medicinal use in rheumatic disorders and spondylosis.5,6 It is used as an adjunct in diabetes mellitus, and is indicated in hyperlipidemia.7 1. Altern Med Rev 2003;8(1):20-27 2. Hardman, R.J. et al.: Phytochemistry 19 :698 (1980) 3. Sulman, F.G. and E.Menczel: Harokeach Haire 9:6 (1962). Chem. Abstr. 57:11308 e(1962) 4. Al-Mesgakm I.A et al.: Abstr. Int. Symp. Chinese Med. Mat.Res. Hong Kong, June 12, p. 48 (1984) 5. Singhal, .C. et al. Curr. Sci. 51 : 136 (1982) 6. Khare, A.K. et al : Ind. Drugs, February, p.191 (1982) 7. Selected Medicinal Plants of India, CHEMEXCIL, Mumbai (1992)

The leaves of gymnema have been found to be antidiabetic and insulinotropic.4,5 They contain several O-isopropylidene derivatives of gymnemagenin, crystalline gymnemagenin, gymnestrogenin, and gymnemic acid, which is a complex mixture of at least nine closely related acidic glycosides.1,2,3 Research suggests that the topical and selective anesthetic effect of the plant might result from the competition between these active glycosides and sweet substances for the receptor sites.6 In a study of Type II diabetes, 22 patients were given 400 mg gymnema extract daily along with their oral hypoglycemic drugs. All patients demonstrated improved blood sugar control. Of 22 patients, 21 were able to reduce their oral hypoglycemic drug dosage considerably, and 5 patients were able Continued next page



to discontinue oral medication and maintain blood sugar control with the gymnema extract alone.9 It was postulated that gymnema enhances the production of endogenous insulin.10 Gymnemic acids are also useful for prevention of the formation of dental plaque and caries.8 Gymnemic acids also inhibited glucan formation by streptococcus mutans in vivo and markedly inhibited the activity of glucosyltransferase from the bacterial coat of S.mutans. Gymnema also stimulates the heart and circulatory system, activates the uterus and increases urine secretion.7 It

is interesting to note that gymnema extract is without side effects and exerts blood sugar-lowering effects only in cases of diabetes. When given to healthy volunteers, gymnema does not produce any blood sugar-lowering or hypoglycemic effects.11 1. Helv. Chim. Acta, 1969, 52:365 2. J. Pharma Sci., 1991, 60:190 3. Ibid, 1970, 59:622, 629 4. Ind. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 1983, 27:257 5. Pharmacol. Res. Commun, 1981, 13(5) : 475 6. Nature, 1969, 223, 94 7. Yonga Igaku Zasshi 1987, 38, 127:chem. abst. 187, 107, 89854e. 8. Indian Materia Medica Vol.1, Dr. K.M. Nadkarni, Bombay Popular Prakashan (1996) 9. Baskaran K, Kizar Ahamath B, Radha Shanmugasundaram K, Shanmugasundaram ER. Antidiabetic effect of a leaf extract from Gymnema sylvestre in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. J Ethnopharmacol 1990;30:295-300. 10. Shanmugasundaram ER, Rajeswari G, Baskaran K, et al. Use of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract in the control of blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Ethnophar-

What Is Ayurveda? Ayurveda, which literally means the knowledge and wisdom of life, is the traditional healing system of India, which originated over 5000 years ago. Ayurveda is considered the healing side of Yoga. Likewise, Yoga is the spiritual side of Ayurveda. Together, they encompass a complete approach to the well being of the body, mind and spirit. Ayurveda assists the body back to optimal health by balancing the body and mind through the use of herbs, diet, lifestyle, yoga and meditation, along with the ayurvedic cleansing therapies known as Pancha Karma. In Ayurveda, each individual has a unique nature or constitution (prakruti) and is an individual blend of the three doshas, Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Each person's dosha determines what diet, herbs and lifestyle will be in harmony with their nature. In Ayurveda, an understanding of the constitution is essential in achieving optimal health. Recently, Ayurveda has had a profound impact upon the world of healthcare. Popular books by Deepak Chopra, M.D., and others have called attention to the potential of this ancient healing system. Along with the potential to heal chronic diseases, Ayurveda promises to improve health and increase longevity.



Focus March 2006

macol 1990;30:281-294. 11. The Healing Power of Herbs pages - 358 & 359.

Guggul Extract Guggul resin contains a number of compounds including a diterpene hydrocarbon, a diterpene alcohol, Z-gugulsterone, E-gugulsterone, and Gugulsterols I, II and III.1 Guggul has undergone investigation for its hypolipidemic action (which has been recognized since the vedic ages) and its anti-inflammatory effects. Oral administration of guggul produced lower cholesterol levels and lessened serum turbidity.2 The cholesterollowering effects have been seen in monkeys kept on a high cholesterol diet, with results comparable to those of Atromid-S.3 It has a high anti-inflammatory potential against Brownlee’s formaldehyde-induced arthritis in albino rats.4 It is also indicated in rheumatic disorders and obesity.5 1. Patil, N.D. et al: Tetrahedron 8 :2341 (1972) 2. Tripathi, S.N. Et al: J.Res.INd. Med.Res. 57: 900 (1969) 3. Das, D. et al: Ind.J.Pharmacol 5 : 223 (1973) 4. Gujral, M.L. et al: Ind. J.Physiol.Pharmacol. 4 : 267 (1960) 5. Selected Medicinal Plants of India, CHEMIXCIL, Mumbai (1992)

Green Tea Extract Green tea extract contains polyphenols and an essential oil.1 The polyphenols strengthen the walls of blood vessels and regulate their permeability. They protect ascorbic acid from oxidation in rat tissue homogenates because of their antioxidant properties. This indicates an important role of green tea in human nutrition in preventing symptoms of ascorbic acid deficiency. Green tea polyphenols have been found to normalize thyroid hyperfunction, thus preventing thyrotoxico-

sis. Green tea extract inhibits the growth of tumors in humans, especially cancers of the esophagus, stomach and intestines. Green tea polyphenols inhibit the growth of S.mutans, preventing the cause of dental caries, and have been reported to be more effective in preventing tooth decay than fluoride compounds. It also prevents the formation of stones in the bladder, gallbladder and kidneys. A spray prepared from tannins of green tea extract can be effective for allergies caused by mites in the air. It was found that the extracts of green tea exhibited antitumor promoting activity, antioxidation, antimutagenecity, antiviral, and anticoagulation properties, and could reduce serum cholesterol levels and blood pressure.1-6 Green tea’s ability to significantly lower blood glucose has also been confirmed in studies using diabetic rats. Both green and black tea extracts have been shown to possess anti-diabetic activity, and to be effective both in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. The fact that aged rats responded so dramatically to these polyphenols implies that they potentially can reverse the age-related rise in glu-

cose intolerance and the resulting degenerative cascade of atherosclerosis and other degenerative disorders. Tea polyphenols lower serum glucose levels by inhibiting the activity of both salivary and intestinal amylase, so that starch is broken down more slowly, and the rise in serum glucose is thus minimized. In addition, according to a recent study, tea may also reduce the intestinal absorption of glucose.

(it also reduces the absorption of iron, another anti-aging benefit). By preventing the harmful spike in insulin, tea offers other benefits that go with calorie restriction and insulin control.7

A relatively little known compound found in onions and in tea, especially green tea, called diphenylamine, seems to have a strong blood sugar-lowering effect. We are just beginning to identify these significant phenolic compounds and their interactions, thus it is best not to rely on a single agent, such as epigallocatechin gallate, but rather to ingest the whole complex set of bioactive compounds present in tea for best results. The serum glucose-lowering effects of tea offers significant anti-aging benefits through calorie restriction, reduced glycation, and lower insulin secretion. Consuming a carbohydrate-rich meal with tea will slow down the release of glucose and reduce its absorption

Azadirachta Indica Extract (Commonly known as Neem)

1. Yoshizawas et al : Phytother. Res. 1, 44-46, 1987. 2. Lee M.H. et al: Chung-Kuo Nung yeh Hua Hsueh Hui Chih, 22, 226-231, 1984 3. Kada T. et al: Mutat. Res. 150, 127-132, 1985. 4. Okuda T. et al: JARQ 12, 27-32, 1978. 5. Hong Rx et al : Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi, 8,621, 1988. 6. Matsuda H et al: J.Ethanopharmacol. 17, 213-214, 1986. 7. Deng ZY, Tao BY, et al. Effect of green tea and black tea on blood glucose, triglycerides, and antioxidants in aged rats. J Agricult Food Chem 1998;46:3875-78.

Neem contains bitters as well as quercetin and ß-sitosterol glucoside.1 Aqueous extract of neem leaves decreased blood sugar levels and prevented adrenaline as well as glucose hyperglycemia.2 Neem fractions showed CNS depressant, positive inotropic and blood pressure lowering activities.3 A single dose of 3 g in human subjects was found to be highly effective for ascariasis, and a majority of follow-up stool samples were found to be worm and ovum free. Neem has been found to be effective against intestinal worms in farm animals.4 The extract showed antifungal activity Continued next page

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against some soil-borne pathogens of Cicer arietinum. Neem has been used as an antineoplastic and antiviral agent. Indicated in eczema, ringworm and scabies, it is a very effective antihelmintic in ascariasis.5 1. Shibata el al : Ind.J.Phram., 17:230 (1955) 2. Iketa T.: Nippon Kosholnin Kagakkushu 8(1):67:(1984) 3. Selected Medicinal Plants of India, CHEMEXCIL, NewDelhi (1992) 4. Hennemann,H. and G.Kunnert, Pharmazie 8:463 (1953) 5. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 17th edition, 1999

Eugenia Jambolana Extract (Jambu) Jambolana, or Jambolan, is a species of cloves used in Ayurvedic medicine. It is used for diabetes and diseases of the pancreas. Jambolan is used to treat diabetes because it quickly reduces blood sugar without side effects. Jambolan may also decrease the risk of diabetic patients developing atherosclerosis because it contains oleanolic acid, which short-circuits the chemical reactions that make toxic free radicals. Oleanolic acid reduces the action of free radicals in atherosclerosis by 60-90%.1,2

1. Natural Treatments for Diabetes - page 21 2. Prescription for Herbal Healing - pages 84 & 85

Momordica Charantia Extract (Bitter Melon)

Momordica charantia, also known as bitter melon, balsam pear, or karolla, has been referred to as both a vegetable and a fruit, and is widely cultivated in Asia, Africa, and South America. It has been used extensively in folk medicine as a remedy for diabetes. The blood sugar-lowering action of the fresh juice or unripe fruit has been established in experimental animal models, as well as human clinical trials.1,2

Bitter melon contains several compounds with confirmed antidiabetic properties. Alcohol-extracted charantin from momordica consists of mixed steroids and was found to be more potent than the oral hypoglycemic agent tolbutamide in an animal study.3 Bitter melon also contains an insulin-like polypeptide called polypeptide-P, which is similar in structure to bovine insulin. It was found to decrease blood sugar levels when injected subcutaneously into type I diabetic patients.4 The Effect of Momordica Charantia Extract on oral administration of Fasting and Postprandial Serum Glucose bitter melon preparaLevels in NIDDM Patients tions has also shown satisfactory results in The effect of Momordica charantia, a bitter vegclinical trials in type II etable popularly known as Karolla, on fasting and postprandial (2 hours after 75 g oral glucose diabetic patients. intake) serum glucose levels were studied in 100 cases of moderate, non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. Drinking of the aqueous homogenized suspension of the vegetable pulp led to significant reduction (p<0.001) of both fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels. This hypoglycemic action was observed in 86 cases. 5 cases showed lowering of fasting serum glucose only. Ahmad N, Hassan MR, Halder H, Bennoor KS Bangladesh. August, 2000, Med Res Counc Bull 1999;25:11-13.

Welihinda, et al. showed improved glucose tolerance in 73% of type II diabetic patients given 57 g of the juice.1 In another study, 15 g of the aqueous extract of bitter melon produced a 54%

decrease in postprandial blood sugar levels and a 17% reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin in 6 patients.2 Bitter melon’s mechanism for lowering blood glucose is unknown, but in diabetic rabbit models it has been proposed that it has a direct action similar to insulin, and was found effective in lowering blood glucose in alloxan-treated rabbits.5 Bailey and Day report the herb appears to inhibit gluconeogenesis.6 The recommended dose of bitter melon depends on the form being consumed. Dosage for tincture ranges from 5 mL 2-3 times daily to as high as 50 mL per day.7 However, bitter melon juice is very difficult to make palatable since, as the name implies, it is quite bitter. To avoid the bitter taste, the Indians and Chinese crush the herb and form tablets. In Central America, it is prepared as an extract or decoction. Dosages of capsulized dried powder range from 3-15 g daily. However, to avoid the necessity of taking so many capsules, a standardized extract may be used at dosages of 100-200 mg three times daily. 1. Welihinda J, Karunanayake EH, Sheriff MH, Jayasinghe KS. Effect of Momordica charantia on the glucose tolerance in maturity onset diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 1986;17:277-282. 2. Srivastava Y, Venkatakrishna-Bhatt H, Verma Y, et al. Antidiabetic and adaptogenic properties of Momordica charantia extract. An experimental and clinical evaluation. Phytother Res 1993;7:285-289. 3. Sarkar S, Pranava M, Marita R. Demonstration of the hypoglycemic action of Momordica charantia in a validated animal model of diabetes. Pharmacol Res 1996;33:14. Baldwa VS, Bhandari CM, Pangaria A, Goyal RK. Clinical trial in patients with diabetes mellitus of an insulin-like compound obtained from plant sources. Upsala J Med Sci 1977;82:39-41. 5. Akhtar MS, Athar MA, Yaqub M. Effect of Momordica charantia on blood glucose level of normal and alloxandiabetic rabbits. Planta Med 1981;42:205-212. 6. Bailey CJ, Day C. Traditional plant medicines as treatments for diabetes. Diabetes Care 1989;12:553-564. 7. Mozersky RP. Herbal products and supplemental nutrients used in the management of diabetes. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1999;99:S4-S9.

Continued on page 12

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Lipoic acid decreases lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation and increases (Na(+) + K(+))- and Ca(++)-ATPase activities in high glucose-treated human erythrocytes. Lipoic acid supplementation has been found to be beneficial in preventing neurovascular abnormalities in diabetic neuropathy. Insufficient (Na(+) + K(+))ATPase activity has been suggested as a contributing factor in the development of diabetic neuropathy. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that lipoic acid reduces lipid peroxidation and glycosylation and can increase the (Na(+) + K(+))- and Ca(++)-ATPase activities in high glucose-exposed red blood cells (RBC). Result: Lipoic acid was found to lower lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation, and increase (Na(+) + K(+))- and Ca(++)-ATPase activities in high-glucose exposed RBC, which provides a potential mechanism by which lipoic acid may delay or inhibit the development of neuropathy in diabetes. Jain SK, Lim G. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;29:11221128.

Alpha-Lipoic Acid

diabetic condition. It was a complex of chromium and several amino acids that is now known as Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF). GTF chromium does not act like insulin, but rather, appears to enhance insulin sensitivity. It has been noted that tissue concentrations of chromium in the U.S. decline with age. Nearly 20 controlled studies have demonstrated the positive effect of chromium for the management of diabetes. In clinical studies of type II diabetes, supplementing the diet with chromium has been shown to decrease fasting glucose levels, improve glucose tolerance, lower insulin levels, and decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride levels while increasing HDL cholesterol levels.1 1. Reversing Diabetes pages 89 & 90, The Pill Guide Book to Natural Medicines - pages 128 & 129

Vanadyl Sulfate Prior to the discovery of insulin in 1922, the trace mineral vanadium was used for the control of blood sugar, because it can mimic the activity of insulin. Two small studies (one with six type II diabetic patients, and one with seven type II diabetic patients) have confirmed the effectiveness of vanadyl sulfate at a dose of 100 mg/day in improving insulin sensitivity.1,2

Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) is a vitamin-like substance produced in small amounts by the body, and is important to almost all cells. ALA is found in just a few food sources, such as brewer’s yeast, liver and spinach. ALA assists the body’s energy production and acts as a powerful antioxidant, helping to treat diabetic neuropathy, protecting the liver, preventing cataracts, boosting immune function, and Vanadyl sulfate is a biologpossibly helping to slow the proically active form of vanagression of Alzheimer’s disease. dium. Because of its insulin-like properties, vanadyl Chromium Polynicotinate is being used to manage diabetes. Studies show that Since as early as 1854, a substance vanadyl is very effective in was identified that improved the normalizing blood sugar

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levels and controlling conditions such as insulin resistance, or type II diabetes.3 1. Cohen N, Halberstam M, Shlimovich P, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1995;95:2501-2509. 2. Halberstam M, Cohen N, Shlimovich P, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM but not in obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes 1996;45:659-666. 3. Earl Mindell’s Supplement Bible page 157

Bilberry Extract Bilberry is widely used as a possible preventive treatment for the complications of diabetes. Bilberry also improves night vision, strengthens capillaries, reduces blood clotting, and has antioxidant action. Research done mostly in Italy, has also uncovered bilberry’s potential for treating retinal problems from poor blood circulation, diabetes-caused glaucoma, and day blindness.1 1. Journal of Longevity - Volume 5/No. 8, page 40, New Encyclopedia Vitamins, Minerals, Supplements, & Herbs page 386

Efficacy of turmeric on blood sugar and polyol pathway in diabetic albino rats The effect of turmeric and its active principle, curcumin, on diabetes mellitus in a rat model was observed. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes. Administration of turmeric or curcumin to diabetic rats reduced the blood sugar, Hb and glycosylated hemoglobin levels significantly. Turmeric and curcumin supplementation also reduced the oxidative stress encountered by the diabetic rats. This was demonstrated by the lower levels of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), which may have been due to the decreased influx of glucose into the polyol pathway leading to an increased NADPH/NADP ratio and elevated activity of the potent antioxidant enzyme GPx. Moreover, the activity of SDH (sorbitol dehydrogenase), which catalyzes the conversion of sorbitol to fructose, was lowered significantly with treatment using turmeric or curcumin. These results also appear to reveal that curcumin is more effective in attenuating diabetes mellitus related changes than turmeric.1 1. Arun N, Nalini N. Efficacy of turmeric on blood sugar and polyol pathway in diabetic albino rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2002 Winter;57(1):41-52.

"In the traditional system of medicine Ayurveda, several spices and herbs are thought to possess medicinal properties. Among these spices, turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa. Linn.) are used as flavoring and coloring agents in the Indian diet every day." Dr. Aditya Sharma, Ph.D.

Turmeric (Curcumin 95%) Curcuminoids, found in high concentrations in turmeric extract, have been primarily recognized for their “super” antioxidant properties. Curcuminoids are capable of both the prevention of free radical formation and intervention to neutralize existing free radicals. Curcuminoids are natural plant compounds that guard the cells, tissues and organs of the body from numerous “inside” and “outside” detrimental influences. Unlike other antioxidants, which have more of a “policing effect” on such errant molecules, the turmeric curcuminoids merge with the potential free radicals before they form. Cayenne Pepper Extract Cayenne contains capsaicin, the compound that produces the “hot” in hot peppers. Cayenne is known to increase the metabolic rate, which is one reason why people get so hot and sweaty after eating spicy foods.1 One of the additional benefits of cayenne is its function as a digestive aid. Cayenne increases the secretion of acids in the stomach, which increases the absorption and effectiveness of other herbs consumed with it. In a double-blind trial, reductions in appetite were found in healthy

Protective effects of Piper nigrum and Vinca rosea in alloxaninduced diabetic rats Aqueous extract of Piper nigrum seeds and Vinca rosea flowers were administered orally to alloxan induced diabetic rats once a day for 4 weeks. These treatments lead to significant lowering of blood sugar levels and reduction in serum lipids. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and glutathione peroxidase decreased in alloxan induced diabetic rats however these levels returned to normal in insulin, P. nigrum and V. rosea treated rats. There was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase activity in all groups compared to controls. Lipid peroxidation levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats and were slightly increased in the treated rats as compared to the control rats. These results suggest that oxidative stress plays a key role in diabetes, and treatment with P. nigrum and V. rosea are useful in controlling not only glucose and lipid levels but may be helpful in strengthening their antioxidant potential.1 1. Kaleem M, Sheema, Sarmad H, Bano B. Protective effects of Piper nigrum and Vinca rosea in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;49(1):65-71.

Japanese women and Caucasian men when they consumed cayenne pepper along with meals.2 A similar trial showed that cayenne raised the metabolic rate in Japanese women.3 These trials suggest that cayenne may be beneficial for weight loss. 1. Henry, C. J. K., (1986). Effect of spiced food on metabolic rate. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition, 40, 165-168 2.Yoshioka, M., St-Pierre, S., & Drapeau, V. (1999). Effects of red pepper on appetite and energy intake. British Journal of

Nutrition, 82, 115-123 3.Yoshioka, M., St-Pierre, S., Suzuki, M., & Tremblay A. (1998). Effects of red pepper added to high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals on energy metabolism and substrate utilization in Japanese women. British Journal of Nutrition, 80, 503-510.

Piper Nigrum & Vinca Rosea (Banaba Leaf Extract) Banaba is a botanical extract that comes from the leaves of the banaba tree. In Southeast Asia and the Philippines, the leaves are traditionally used as an herbal medicine to treat diabetes and hyperglycemia. Banaba balances blood sugar, regulates insulin levels, and supports healthy weight loss.1 Corosolic acid, a triterpenoid found in the leaves, helps regulate blood sugar by stimulating glucose uptake. This blood sugar lowering effect is similar to that of insulin, which induces glucose transport from the blood into body cells.2,3 Animal studies have shown it to be effective for managing both diabetes and obesity.3-5 Researchers have found that corosolic acid is not the only active ingredient in banaba leaves. Studies show that banaba contains at least three other active ingredients including lagerstroemin, flosin B and reginin A. These natural phytochemicals regulate glucose uptake, and could be responsible for lowering blood glucose levels.6,7 The blood sugar regulating propContinued next page

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erties of banaba have been demonstrated in cell culture and animal and human studies. In diabetic mice, banaba reduced elevated blood sugar and insulin levels to normal.3-5 Additionally, total blood cholesterol levels were also lowered.7 In a study of humans with type II diabetes, banaba extract showed a 30% reduction in blood glucose levels.8 1. American Diabetes Association, http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-statistics/national-diabetes-fact-sheet.jsp (29 July 2004) 2. Hattori K, Sukenobu N, Sasaki T, Takasuga S, Hayashi T, Kasai R, Yamasaki K, Hazeki O. Activation of insulin receptors by lagerstroemin. J Pharmacol Sci. 2003 Sep;93(1):69-73. 3. Suzuki Y, Unno T, Ushitani M, Hayashi K, Kakuda T. “Antiobesity activity of extracts from Lagerstroemia speciosa L. leaves on female KK-Ay mice.” J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1999 Dec;45(6):791-5. 4. Liu F, Kim J, Li Y, Liu X, Li J, Chen X. An extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. has insulin-like glucose uptakestimulatory and adipocyte differentiation-inhibitory activities in 3T3-L1 cells. J Nutr. 2001 Sep;131(9):2242-7. 5. Hayashi T, Maruyama H, Kasai R, Hattori K, Takasuga S, Hazeki O, Yamasaki K, Tanaka T. Ellagitannins from Lagerstroemia speciosa as activators of glucose transport in fat cells. Planta Med. 2002 Feb;68(2):173 6. Hosoyama H, Sugimoto A, Suzuki Y, Sakane I, Kakuda T. [Isolation and quantitative analysis of the alphaamylase inhibitor in Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Banaba)] Yakugaku Zasshi. 2003 Jul;123(7):599-605. [Article in Japanese] 7. Kakuda T, Sakane I, Takihara T, Ozaki Y, Takeuchi H, Kuroyanagi M. Hypoglycemic effect of extracts from Lagerstroemia speciosa L. leaves in genetically diabetic KKAY mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1996 Feb;60(2):2048. 8. Judy WV, Hari SP, Stogsdill WW, Judy JS, Naguib YM, Passwater R. Antidiabetic activity of a standardized extract (Glucosol) from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves in Type II diabetics. A dose-dependence study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Jul;87(1):115-7.

Cinnamon Extract

By contrast, the placebo group had no significant effect on either Cinnamon has been in the news measure. The highest dose (6 g/ lately because it is proving to be day) produced the most rapid reeffective in helping prevent and sponse, while the lowest dose (1 control blood sugar and cholesg/day) produced the most susterol levels for patients with type tained response, i.e., a continued II diabetes. Dr. Richard Anderson reduction in glucose levels even and his research team at the U.S. at the 60-day mark; the reducDepartment of Agriculture have tion observed was 16%. The two been studying the effects of cinnahigher doses produced slightly mon on improving insulin, blood lower sustained responses, which sugar and blood lipid metabolism were not statistically significant.1 for the past 20 years. In 2004, they Researchers also noted blood sugidentified cinnamon’s bioactive ar levels rebounded when subcompound polyphenol type-A jects stopped taking cinnamon. polymer.1 Before that, Anderson Another double blind, placeboworked with a team of researchcontrolled trial conducted by an ers in Pakistan to test cinnamon Ohio research group showed that extract’s ability to lower glucose pre-diabetics supplemented with and lipid levels in 60 patients cinnamon extract showed statistiwith type II diabetes (30 men and cally significant decreases in fast30 women, average age 52, with ing blood glucose levels, marked an average disease duration of 7 improvements in insulin sensitivyears).2 One group received a plaity and no statistically significant cebo, while the other received cinchanges in clinical blood chemisnamon in daily amounts of 1, 3, try.3 q or 6 grams. The treatment lasted 40 days.2 The results were dra- 1. Anderson R et al. Isolation and characterization of matic. All three cinnamon doses polyphenol type-A polymers from cinnamon with inhad a strong impact on blood sulin-like biological activity. J Agric Food Chem 2004, 52:65-70. glucose levels, reducing them by 2. Khan A, Safdar M, Khan MMA, Khattak KN, An18-29% following 40 days of treat- derson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003 ment. Positive effects on blood Dec;26(12):3215-8. http://care.diabetesjournals.org lipid levels were also observed. 3. Proprietary study. Property of Integrity. 2005.

Focus on Allergy Research Group® Editor-in-Chief: Stephen A. Levine, Ph.D. Managing Editor: Elise Zurlo, CNC Medical Editor: Jeffry L. Anderson, M.D. Assistant Editors: Dan Milosevich, CN and Luba Voloshko, Ph.D. Graphic Design & Layout: Elise Zurlo & Blake Dayton FOCUS publishes emerging nutritional science and scientific theories that should not be construed to be conclusive scientific proof of any specific cause, effect, or relationship. The publication is for the educational use of healthcare practitioners and physicians. The articles in the publication are the independent scientific views and theories of the authors. FOCUS takes no position on the views and theories expressed but offers them for candid inquiry and debate. The articles are not intended for use in support of the sale of any commercial product and should not be construed as indicative of the use or efficacy of any commercial product. Emerging science and scientific theories do not constitute scientific proof of any specific cause, effect, or relationship. Copyright © 2006. Allergy Research Group®. Special permission is required to reproduce by any manner, in whole or in part, the materials herein contained.

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