Cross Cultural Communication.ppt

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Increasing Importance of Multicultural Communication u

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Technological advancements General global Interconnectivity Globalization of markets Multicultural workforce

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Understanding Culture u

How is culture like the program of a computer?

Society, gender, race, age, religion, and other factors control our reactions and behavior.

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Characteristics of Culture ¶ Culture is learned. · Cultures are inherently logical. ¸ Culture forms our self-identity and community. º Culture combines the visible and the invisible. » Culture is dynamic.

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Selected Dimensions of Culture Context u

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High-context cultures (in Japan, China, and Arab countries) tend to be relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative. Low-context cultures (in North America, Scandinavia, and Germany) tend to be logical, linear, and action-oriented. 3-5

Selected Dimensions of Culture Individualism u

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High-context cultures prefer group values, duties, and decisions. Low-context cultures tend to prefer individual initiative, self-assertion, personal achievement.

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Selected Dimensions of Culture Formality u

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Other cultures may prefer more formality. North Americans place less emphasis on tradition, ceremony, and social rules.

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Selected Dimensions of Culture Communication Style u

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High-context cultures rely on nonverbal cues and total picture to communicate. Meanings embedded at many social levels. Low-context cultures emphasize words, straightforwardness, openness. People tend to be informal, impatient, literal. 3-8

Selected Dimensions of Culture Time Orientation u

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Unlimited and never-ending in some cultures. Relaxed attitude toward time. Precious to North Americans. Correlates with productivity, efficiency, and money.

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High-Context and Low-Context Cultures

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Improving Communication With Multicultural Audiences Oral Messages u u

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Learn foreign phrases. Use simple English. Speak slowly and enunciate clearly. Observe eye messages. Encourage accurate feedback. Check frequently for comprehension. 3-11

Improving Communication With Multicultural Audiences Oral Messages u u

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Accept blame. Listen without interrupting. Remember to smile! Follow up in writing.

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Improving Communication With Multicultural Audiences Written Messages u u

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Adapt to local formats. Use short sentences and short paragraphs. Avoid ambiguous expressions. Strive for clarity. Use correct grammar. 3-13

Improving Communication With Multicultural Audiences Written Messages u u

Cite numbers carefully. Accommodate reader in organization, tone, and style.

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Making Ethical Decisions Across Borders u u u

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Broaden your view of other cultures. Avoid reflex judgments. Find alternatives. Refuse business if options violate your basic values. Conduct all business openly. Don’t rationalize shady decisions. Resist lawful but unethical strategies. 3-15

Tips for Capitalizing on Workforce Diversity u u u

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Seek training. Understand the value of differences. Don’t expect conformity. Create zero tolerance for bias and stereotypes. Learn about your cultural self. Make fewer assumptions. Build on similarities. 3-16

Proverbs Reflect Culture What do these proverbs tell us about this culture and its values? U.S. Proverbs Waste not, want not. He who holds the gold makes the rules. If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again. The early bird gets the worm. 3-17

Proverbs Reflect Culture Chinese Proverbs Man who waits for roast duck to fly into mouth must wait very, very long time. Man who says it cannot be done should not interrupt man doing it. Give a man a fish, and he will live a day; give him a net, and he will live a lifetime.

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Proverbs Reflect Culture Other Proverbs No one is either rich or poor who has not helped himself to be so. (German) Words do not make flour. (Italian) Wealth that comes in at the door unjustly, goes out at the windows. (Egyptian)

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Comparing U.S. and Foreign Views How U.S. Persons View Themselves

How Foreigners View U.S. Persons

Informal, friendly, casual Egalitarian Direct, aggressive Efficient Goal-/achievement-oriented Profit-oriented Resourceful, ingenious Individualistic, progressive Dynamic, identify with work Enthusiastic, prefer hard sell Open

Undisciplined, too personal Insensitive to status Blunt, rude, oppressive Opportunistic, obsessed with time Promise more than they deliver Materialistic Deals more important than people Self-absorbed Driven Deceptive, fearsome Weak, untrustworthy

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 1. By 2050, what percent of the U.S. population will be made up of Asians, Hispanics, AfricanAmericans, and other nonwhite groups? a. 47 percent

c. 67 percent

b. 57 percent

d. 77 percent

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 1. By 2050, what percent of the U.S. population will be made up of Asians, Hispanics, AfricanAmericans, and other nonwhite groups? a. 47 percent

c. 67 percent

b. 57 percent

d. 77 percent

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 2. The most dramatic workforce change since the 1960s is the growing number of _______ in the workforce. a. Hispanics

c. African-Americans

b. seniors (65+)

d. women

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 2. The most dramatic workforce change since the 1960s is the growing number of _______ in the workforce. a. Hispanics

c. African-Americans

b. seniors (65+)

d. women

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 3. Of the 43 million Americans who have disabilities, 20 million are of working age (16-64). How many of this group are unemployed? a. 10 million

c. 14 million

b. 12 million

d. 16 million

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 3. Of the 43 million Americans who have disabilities, 20 million are of working age (16-64). How many of this group are unemployed? a. 10 million

c. 14 million

b. 12 million

d. 16 million

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 4. By the year 2050, what percent of the workforce will be 55 years of age or older? a. 15 percent

c. 40 percent

b. 25 percent

d. 50 percent

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 4. By the year 2050, what percent of the workforce will be 55 years of age or older? a. 15 percent

c. 40 percent

b. 25 percent

d. 50 percent

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 5. What percent of the total U.S. population speaks a language other than English at home? a. 4 percent

c. 24 percent

b. 14 percent

d. 34 percent

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 5. What percent of the total U.S. population speaks a language other than English at home? a. 4 percent

c. 24 percent

b. 14 percent

d. 34 percent

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 6. What are the two most racially and ethnically diverse states in the U.S.? a. Florida, New York

c. New York, California

b. Florida, California

d. New Mexico, California

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 6. What are the two most racially and ethnically diverse states in the U.S.? a. Florida, New York

c. New York, California

b. Florida, California

d. New Mexico, California

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 7. What are the two least ethnically and racially diverse states? a. North, South Dakota

c. Maine, Vermont

b. Wyoming, Nevada

d. Arkansas, Illinois

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 7. What are the two least ethnically and racially diverse states? a. North, South Dakota

c. Maine, Vermont

b. Wyoming, Nevada

d. Arkansas, Illinois

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 8. What percent of U.S. working-age women are in the labor market? a. 55 percent

c. 75 percent

b. 65 percent

d. 85 percent

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Diversity Demographics Quiz 8. What percent of U.S. working-age women are in the labor market? a. 55 percent

c. 75 percent

b. 65 percent

d. 85 percent

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End

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