Cross Cultural Communication-ppt

CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION SESSION-32 "Communicating With Strangers: An Approach to Intercultural Communication”.

Paromita.M.Ojha

CULTURE DEFINED 

Culture is a group which shapes a person's values and identity. Cultural identities can stem from the following differences: race, ethnicity, gender, class, religion, country of origin, and geographic region.

CULTURAL CONFLICTS IN WORKPLACE 

Cultural conflicts arise because of the differences in values and norms of behavior of people from different cultures. A person acts according to the values and norms of his or her culture; another person holding a different worldview might interpret his or her behavior from an opposite standpoint. This situation creates misunderstanding and can lead to conflict.

CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION 

We communicate the way we do because we are raised in a particular culture and learn its language, rules, and norms. Different cultures (and subcultures) may have different rules and norms. Understanding the other's culture facilitates cross-cultural communication.

UNCERTAINTY & ANXIETY 

Generally, in communication, we seek to reduce uncertainty. Communication with strangers involves relatively greater degrees of uncertainty, due to the difficulty in predicting a stranger's responses.

STRATEGIES TO REDUCE ANXIETY   

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We may reduce our uncertainty by following three basic strategies. One may passively observe the stranger. One may actively seek out information from other friends of the stranger, or from books. Finally, one may seek information directly from the stranger by interacting with them and asking questions. Also, offering information about one's self often prompts reciprocal offerings of information from another

How To Resolve Conflicts 

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(1) the parties describe what they find offensive in each other's behavior; (2) they get an understanding of the other party's cultural perceptions; (3) they learn how the problem would be handled in the culture of the opponent; (4) they develop conflict solutions.

5. Learning about other cultures. 

People can prevent cross-cultural conflicts by learning about cultures that they come in contact with. This knowledge can be obtained through training programs, general reading, talking to people from different cultures, and learning from past experiences.

6. Altering organizational practices and procedures. 

Often the organizational structure reflects the norms of just one culture and gives rise to cultural conflict in the workplace . In such cases, structural change in the organization becomes necessary to make the system more sensitive to cultural norms of other people

DISCRIMINATION  Cultural

conflicts lead to Discrimination toward or against a person or group is the prejudicial treatment of them based on certain characteristics.

Dealing with Discrimination in the Workplace

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In the last few years, charges of gender discrimination (man vs woman) in the workplace have increased. Racial bias, while no longer the most common complaint among employees, remains a problem, as does age discrimination.

Dealing With Discrimination At Workplace 

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Dealing effectively with discrimination is a twofold process: Become knowledgeable with regard to antidiscrimination laws, Pay close attention to what’s happening in your company

Types Of Discrimination 1.Gender discrimination 

Socially, sexual differences have been used to justify different roles for men and women, in some cases giving rise to claims of primary and secondary roles.

GENDER STEREOTYPING 

The United Nations had concluded that women often experience a "glass ceiling" and that there are no societies in which women enjoy the same opportunities as men. The term "glass ceiling" is used to describe a perceived barrier to advancement in employment based on discrimination, especially sex discrimination.

2. Language discrimination 

Diversity of language is protected and respected by most nations who value cultural diversity. However, people are sometimes subjected to different treatment because their preferred language is associated with a particular group, class or category. Discrimination exists if there is prejudicial treatment against a person or a group of people who speak a particular language or dialect.

3. Disability Discrimination 

People with disabilities face discrimination in all levels of society. The attitude that disabled individuals are inferior to nondisabled individuals is called "ableism".

CONTD…… 

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Disabled people face discrimination by employers. They may find problems with securing employment as their handicap can be seen as a risk to the company, Once in employment they may find they are overlooked for promotion opportunities. Similarly, if an employee becomes disabled while employed they may also find themselves being managed out the company by HR departments.

Here are some general guidelines for managers to overcome conflicts in workplace due discriminatory attitudes of employees 

Pay attention to what you don’t always see. You can’t always see it, prove it, or stop it, but if you ignore even the hint of discriminatory behavior, you and your company could suffer in the long run. Low morale, employee conflicts, and even lawsuits are just a few of the serious problems that could arise.

Don’t play favorites. 

If you offer certain benefits to employees, make sure these perks are available to everyone. For instance, if you want to provide a flexible work arrangement for your older workers, avoid appearing discriminatory by being sure to offer this option to everyone

Keep your personal beliefs personal 

Your personal opinion regarding race, religion, sexual orientation, and other potentially contentious issues should not affect your duty to monitor workplace discrimination.

Be careful of what you say and to whom you say it 

It’s easy for an off-the-cuff remark — said by either you or an employee — to start a torrent of bad feelings and even a charge of discrimination. Think before you say something that might be misunderstood, and teach your employees to conduct themselves similarly.

Respond quickly 

If an employee expresses concern about possible workplace discrimination, do what you can in the shortest period of time to resolve the issue. Allowing it to linger will only add to the employee’s anxiety and allow whatever may be occurring to continue. Talk to the accuser and the accused trying to find out what exactly happened.

Educate yourself 

Stay informed about workplace discrimination. Talk with your peers in similar and different industries, read your daily newspaper for information about what’s happening locally, and conduct research on discrimination and harassment law.

Formalize the policy and the consequence 

Create an antidiscrimination policy (or consider paying an expert to create one). Keep in mind that no antidiscrimination policy will be taken seriously unless you take concrete action against any possible wrongdoing.. If you discover that some kind of discrimination has taken place, decide if you will start with a warning, insist on counseling, or formally terminate the accused.

HOW TO DEAL WITH DIFFERENTLY ABLED PEOPLE AT WORKPLACE 

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Most of the time, the way we interact with these people means a lot. There are tactful ways to approach them. For example, people in wheel chairs definitely sit at a lower eye-level than the rest of the walking population. So when interacting with them, be sure not to lean over them since this might be an encroachment of their personal space. If it’s just for a few moments, consider squatting. If the conversation would take long, pull out a chair. This way you’d still be eye-to-eye with the person.

DEALING WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT 

You should also be very careful with how you communicate for people with hearing problems for their benefit of course. Speak slowly to make sure that the person can hold on to every word. Some can lip-read so be sure not to cover your mouth while speaking. Hearing aids tend to magnify all sounds, so better go to a more quiet place and converse there.

DEALING WITH SPEECH IMPAIRED 

Problems may also affect speech. Stroke victims for example, may have speech impairments causing them to speak slowly. Be a patient listener and avoid cutting them off in the middle of their sentence.

DEALING WITH VISUALLY IMPAIRED 

For the blind or those with visual impairments, be sure to identify yourself. Use your normal speaking voice so that the person will be able to recognize you. If the person was born blind, avoid making references to visual cues like describing things like color or starting conversation with “Have you seen…?”

Be Sensitive 

It may seem like tough work but being sensitive to these things would make interacting with them a lot better.

Always remember that there are always Varied solutions to problems 

one set of steps or one solution that can resolve every issue – does not exist. Each issue and set of circumstances are different and might require yet another approach.