Cristina T. Villaver
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Cristina T. Villaver as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,416
- Pages: 5
you have itching and skin sores. But if you have had it before, symptoms will probably start in a few days.
Cristina T. Villaver NR-21
Scabies What is scabies? •
•
Scabies is a very itchy skin condition caused by tiny mites that burrow into your skin. Scabies can affect people of all ages and from all incomes and social levels. Even people who keep themselves very clean can get scabies.
How is scabies diagnosed? •
•
How is scabies spread? •
•
Scabies mites spread by close contact with someone who has scabies. Scabies can also be spread by sharing towels, bed sheets, and other personal belongings. Scabies often affects several family members at the same time. You can spread it to another person before you have symptoms.
How is it treated? •
What are the symptoms? •
•
Scabies causes severe itching that is usually worse at night. Small children and older adults tend to have the worst itching. Children typically have worse skin reactions. If this is the first time you have had scabies, it may be several weeks before
A doctor can usually diagnose scabies based on your symptoms. Scabies is especially likely if you have had close contact with other people who have had similar symptoms. Sometimes a doctor confirms a diagnosis by looking for signs of mites on a sample of your skin. The doctor gently scrapes some dry skin from an affected area and then looks at it under a microscope. This test is not painful for most people.
•
Scabies will not go away on its own. You need to use a special cream or lotion that a doctor prescribes. In severe cases, your doctor may also give you pills to take. Some scabies medicines are not safe for children, older adults, and women who are pregnant or breast-feeding. To avoid dangerous side effects, be sure to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.
•
If you have scabies, you and anyone you have close contact with must all be treated at once. This keeps the mites from being passed back and forth from person to person. You must also carefully wash all clothes, towels, and bedding.
Scabies of the foot
•
After treatment, the itching usually lasts another 2 to 4 weeks. It will take your body that long to get over the allergic reaction caused by the mites. If you still have symptoms after 4 weeks, you may need another treatment.
Scabies of the hand
Scabies of the arm
Tinea flava
Common Symptoms of Tinea Flava Some symptoms of tinea flava are similar to vitiligo and pityriasis alba, two entirely different skin conditions. The following list of common symptoms will help you determine if you indeed have the condition. •
Oval or irregularly-shaped spots 1/4 to 1 inch in diameter that often merge
• •
• •
together to form a large map-like patch. Very fine and thin scaling on the skin Pale, tan, dark brown, or pink patches with reddish undertones that may darken when you're overheated, such as during or after exercise, or when you're in a hot shower Patches that have sharp borders Itching in discolored areas that usually begins when
you're body temperature increases. Itching usually stops however, when your body starts to sweat.
Medical Treatment for Tinea Flava While tinea flava can go away on its own, if left untreated, it may linger until you're 50 to 60 years old, or until your skin becomes less oily. Medical treatment is still best to quicken your recovery. Your doctor will recommend the best treatment option for you after observing the sizes of your patches.
Topical Antifungals: The Simple Solution to Your Spots Tinea flava is more common in warm, humid temperatures. The body parts usually affected include the back, shoulders, upper arms, chest, neck, and, less commonly, the face. Since the fungus is a natural part of the human skin, the skin condition is not contagious.
Diagnosis of Tinea Flava Diagnosis of tinea flava is usually straightforward, with the doctor just doing a physical examination of your skin patches. If your doctor suspects another skin condition though, he may scrape some samples off the discolored areas and study them in a lab. He'll prescribe some drugs to improve your symptoms, and you can treat the condition at home.
Topical antifungals are usually very effective in treating tinea flava because the fungus affects the top layer of the skin. Antifungal creams and foams are available with or without prescription. You can apply them to your skin once or twice a day for two weeks. Examples of topical antifungals include: • • • • • •
Ketoconazole Clotrimazole Terbinafine Butenafine Naftifine Ciclopirox olamine
Some topical antifungals like naftifine and ciclopirox olamine are also available in gel and form. In addition, ciclopirox olamine is available in lotion form, but it has to be applied in large amounts to affected areas. It's also quite expensive. Treatment regimen: Combining topical antifungals may also speed up the healing
process. The following topical antifungal regimens produce a clinical response rate that's greater than 70% in treating tinea flava: •
•
•
Apply 2% ketoconazole cream on affected areas once daily for 11 to 22 days. Apply 1% terbinafine solution on affected areas twice daily for a week. Terbinafine also comes in a pump spray. Apply 1% clotrimazole solution on affected areas once daily for a week.
Scolosis What is scoliosis? Scoliosis is a problem with the curve in your spine. Some curves in your spine are normal. But a few people have spines that make a large curve from side to side in the shape of the letter “S” or the letter “C.” If this curve is severe, it can cause pain and make breathing difficult. The good news is that most cases of scoliosis are mild. If found early, they can usually be prevented from getting worse.
What causes scoliosis? In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is not known. Scoliosis usually starts between the ages of 8 and 10. 1 Scoliosis that is severe enough to need treatment is most common in girls. 2
A curve in the spine may get worse as your child grows, so it is important to find any problem early.
What are the symptoms? Scoliosis most often causes no symptoms in your child until the spinal curve becomes large. You might notice these early signs: •
•
•
•
Your child has one shoulder or hip that looks higher than the other. Your child’s head does not look centered over the body. Your child has one shoulder blade that sticks out more than the other. Your child’s waistline is flat on one side, or the ribs look higher on one side when your child bends forward at the waist.
In adults, scoliosis may cause back pain and trouble breathing.
How is scoliosis diagnosed? The doctor will check to see if your child’s back or ribs are even. If the doctor finds that one side is higher than the other, your child may need an X-ray so the spinal curve can be measured. Scoliosis is most serious in young children who are still growing. A curve in the spine may get worse as your child grows. So screening your child for scoliosis is important so that
any curve in the spine can be found early and watched closely.
How is it treated? Mild cases of scoliosis usually do not need treatment. Your doctor will check the curve of your child’s spine every 4 to 6 months. If the curve gets worse, your child may need to wear a brace until he or she has finished growing. In severe cases, or if bracing doesn't help, your child may need to have surgery. Scoliosis and its treatment can be a severe strain on your child. Wearing a brace can feel and look odd. It also limits your child’s activity. Your child needs your support and understanding to get through treatments successfully.
What increases the risk of scoliosis? Your child may be more likely to have scoliosis if someone in your family has had it and if your child is a girl. Other things that increase the chance of scoliosis include: •
•
•
One of the bones in your child’s spine has moved forward out of place compared to the rest of the spine. Your child’s arms or legs are missing or are abnormally short. Your child has other problems with tissue growth that happened before birth.
Cristina T. Villaver NR-21
Scabies What is scabies? •
•
Scabies is a very itchy skin condition caused by tiny mites that burrow into your skin. Scabies can affect people of all ages and from all incomes and social levels. Even people who keep themselves very clean can get scabies.
How is scabies diagnosed? •
•
How is scabies spread? •
•
Scabies mites spread by close contact with someone who has scabies. Scabies can also be spread by sharing towels, bed sheets, and other personal belongings. Scabies often affects several family members at the same time. You can spread it to another person before you have symptoms.
How is it treated? •
What are the symptoms? •
•
Scabies causes severe itching that is usually worse at night. Small children and older adults tend to have the worst itching. Children typically have worse skin reactions. If this is the first time you have had scabies, it may be several weeks before
A doctor can usually diagnose scabies based on your symptoms. Scabies is especially likely if you have had close contact with other people who have had similar symptoms. Sometimes a doctor confirms a diagnosis by looking for signs of mites on a sample of your skin. The doctor gently scrapes some dry skin from an affected area and then looks at it under a microscope. This test is not painful for most people.
•
Scabies will not go away on its own. You need to use a special cream or lotion that a doctor prescribes. In severe cases, your doctor may also give you pills to take. Some scabies medicines are not safe for children, older adults, and women who are pregnant or breast-feeding. To avoid dangerous side effects, be sure to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.
•
If you have scabies, you and anyone you have close contact with must all be treated at once. This keeps the mites from being passed back and forth from person to person. You must also carefully wash all clothes, towels, and bedding.
Scabies of the foot
•
After treatment, the itching usually lasts another 2 to 4 weeks. It will take your body that long to get over the allergic reaction caused by the mites. If you still have symptoms after 4 weeks, you may need another treatment.
Scabies of the hand
Scabies of the arm
Tinea flava
Common Symptoms of Tinea Flava Some symptoms of tinea flava are similar to vitiligo and pityriasis alba, two entirely different skin conditions. The following list of common symptoms will help you determine if you indeed have the condition. •
Oval or irregularly-shaped spots 1/4 to 1 inch in diameter that often merge
• •
• •
together to form a large map-like patch. Very fine and thin scaling on the skin Pale, tan, dark brown, or pink patches with reddish undertones that may darken when you're overheated, such as during or after exercise, or when you're in a hot shower Patches that have sharp borders Itching in discolored areas that usually begins when
you're body temperature increases. Itching usually stops however, when your body starts to sweat.
Medical Treatment for Tinea Flava While tinea flava can go away on its own, if left untreated, it may linger until you're 50 to 60 years old, or until your skin becomes less oily. Medical treatment is still best to quicken your recovery. Your doctor will recommend the best treatment option for you after observing the sizes of your patches.
Topical Antifungals: The Simple Solution to Your Spots Tinea flava is more common in warm, humid temperatures. The body parts usually affected include the back, shoulders, upper arms, chest, neck, and, less commonly, the face. Since the fungus is a natural part of the human skin, the skin condition is not contagious.
Diagnosis of Tinea Flava Diagnosis of tinea flava is usually straightforward, with the doctor just doing a physical examination of your skin patches. If your doctor suspects another skin condition though, he may scrape some samples off the discolored areas and study them in a lab. He'll prescribe some drugs to improve your symptoms, and you can treat the condition at home.
Topical antifungals are usually very effective in treating tinea flava because the fungus affects the top layer of the skin. Antifungal creams and foams are available with or without prescription. You can apply them to your skin once or twice a day for two weeks. Examples of topical antifungals include: • • • • • •
Ketoconazole Clotrimazole Terbinafine Butenafine Naftifine Ciclopirox olamine
Some topical antifungals like naftifine and ciclopirox olamine are also available in gel and form. In addition, ciclopirox olamine is available in lotion form, but it has to be applied in large amounts to affected areas. It's also quite expensive. Treatment regimen: Combining topical antifungals may also speed up the healing
process. The following topical antifungal regimens produce a clinical response rate that's greater than 70% in treating tinea flava: •
•
•
Apply 2% ketoconazole cream on affected areas once daily for 11 to 22 days. Apply 1% terbinafine solution on affected areas twice daily for a week. Terbinafine also comes in a pump spray. Apply 1% clotrimazole solution on affected areas once daily for a week.
Scolosis What is scoliosis? Scoliosis is a problem with the curve in your spine. Some curves in your spine are normal. But a few people have spines that make a large curve from side to side in the shape of the letter “S” or the letter “C.” If this curve is severe, it can cause pain and make breathing difficult. The good news is that most cases of scoliosis are mild. If found early, they can usually be prevented from getting worse.
What causes scoliosis? In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is not known. Scoliosis usually starts between the ages of 8 and 10. 1 Scoliosis that is severe enough to need treatment is most common in girls. 2
A curve in the spine may get worse as your child grows, so it is important to find any problem early.
What are the symptoms? Scoliosis most often causes no symptoms in your child until the spinal curve becomes large. You might notice these early signs: •
•
•
•
Your child has one shoulder or hip that looks higher than the other. Your child’s head does not look centered over the body. Your child has one shoulder blade that sticks out more than the other. Your child’s waistline is flat on one side, or the ribs look higher on one side when your child bends forward at the waist.
In adults, scoliosis may cause back pain and trouble breathing.
How is scoliosis diagnosed? The doctor will check to see if your child’s back or ribs are even. If the doctor finds that one side is higher than the other, your child may need an X-ray so the spinal curve can be measured. Scoliosis is most serious in young children who are still growing. A curve in the spine may get worse as your child grows. So screening your child for scoliosis is important so that
any curve in the spine can be found early and watched closely.
How is it treated? Mild cases of scoliosis usually do not need treatment. Your doctor will check the curve of your child’s spine every 4 to 6 months. If the curve gets worse, your child may need to wear a brace until he or she has finished growing. In severe cases, or if bracing doesn't help, your child may need to have surgery. Scoliosis and its treatment can be a severe strain on your child. Wearing a brace can feel and look odd. It also limits your child’s activity. Your child needs your support and understanding to get through treatments successfully.
What increases the risk of scoliosis? Your child may be more likely to have scoliosis if someone in your family has had it and if your child is a girl. Other things that increase the chance of scoliosis include: •
•
•
One of the bones in your child’s spine has moved forward out of place compared to the rest of the spine. Your child’s arms or legs are missing or are abnormally short. Your child has other problems with tissue growth that happened before birth.
