Cpu
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Prologic Recruitment Ltd Training Division
A+ Part I Computer Hardware
CPU Mathew Abraham
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
1
CPU
Overview Terminology CPU Form Factors Trouble Shooting
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
2
CPU - Overview
Four Basic Functions of A PC -Input -Processing -Output -Storage CPU affects either directly or indirectly all these functions
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
3
CPU - Terminology
CPU – Central Processing Unit Speed of CPU measured in MHz
-first IBM Pc 8088 ran at 4.77 MHz (ie 4,770,000 cycles per second) -modern PCs run over a billion cycles per second
Cache- high speed access to memory that the CPU uses to store recently accessed items - L1 cache - memory that is onboard the CPU, runs at the same speed as the CPU
- L2 cache – High speed memory, not as fast as L1, and external to the CPU
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
4
CPU - Terminology
CPU is composed of 3 basic components. I/O unit – contains data and address bus. Width of address bus determines how much memory the CPU can address. Control Unit – Keeps track of all the operations of the processor, translates information if necessary and forwards information to ALU
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
5
CPU - Terminology
ALU – Executes instructions. Early PCs had a separate FPU (Floating Point Unit) to process complex calculations, Modern PCs have FPU onboard the CPU. Word Size/Internal Data Path – Largest number of bits the CPU process can process at one time. Data Path/ External Data Path - Largest number of bits that can be transported into the CPU. Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
6
CPU – Form Factors
Socket Based
Slot Based
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
7
Socket Type
PGA (pin grid array) 386,486 older Pentium
SPGA (staggered pin grid array)
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
8
Pentium III
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
9
How it fits?
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
10
How it fits? Zero insertion force socket
Heat dispersing paste
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
11
Processor should fit only one way
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
12
Slot Type
SEC (Single edge cartridges)
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
13
Slot Type Mother Board
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
14
How it fits?
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
15
Slot 1 on Board
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
16
AMD Slot A
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
17
Heat Sink for Slot type
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
18
Evolution
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
19
Evolution
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
20
Troubleshooting PC won’t boot or intermittent problems. check - UPS - Power supply - Heat Sink - connection (Seal) - RAM - Chip “creep” (thermal cycling) - Dust
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
21
A+ Part I Computer Hardware
CPU Mathew Abraham
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
1
CPU
Overview Terminology CPU Form Factors Trouble Shooting
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
2
CPU - Overview
Four Basic Functions of A PC -Input -Processing -Output -Storage CPU affects either directly or indirectly all these functions
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
3
CPU - Terminology
CPU – Central Processing Unit Speed of CPU measured in MHz
-first IBM Pc 8088 ran at 4.77 MHz (ie 4,770,000 cycles per second) -modern PCs run over a billion cycles per second
Cache- high speed access to memory that the CPU uses to store recently accessed items - L1 cache - memory that is onboard the CPU, runs at the same speed as the CPU
- L2 cache – High speed memory, not as fast as L1, and external to the CPU
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
4
CPU - Terminology
CPU is composed of 3 basic components. I/O unit – contains data and address bus. Width of address bus determines how much memory the CPU can address. Control Unit – Keeps track of all the operations of the processor, translates information if necessary and forwards information to ALU
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
5
CPU - Terminology
ALU – Executes instructions. Early PCs had a separate FPU (Floating Point Unit) to process complex calculations, Modern PCs have FPU onboard the CPU. Word Size/Internal Data Path – Largest number of bits the CPU process can process at one time. Data Path/ External Data Path - Largest number of bits that can be transported into the CPU. Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
6
CPU – Form Factors
Socket Based
Slot Based
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
7
Socket Type
PGA (pin grid array) 386,486 older Pentium
SPGA (staggered pin grid array)
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
8
Pentium III
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
9
How it fits?
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
10
How it fits? Zero insertion force socket
Heat dispersing paste
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
11
Processor should fit only one way
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
12
Slot Type
SEC (Single edge cartridges)
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
13
Slot Type Mother Board
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
14
How it fits?
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
15
Slot 1 on Board
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
16
AMD Slot A
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
17
Heat Sink for Slot type
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
18
Evolution
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
19
Evolution
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
20
Troubleshooting PC won’t boot or intermittent problems. check - UPS - Power supply - Heat Sink - connection (Seal) - RAM - Chip “creep” (thermal cycling) - Dust
Prologic Recruitment Ltd.
21
