Cpr

The letters in CPR stand for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a combination of rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) and chest compressions. If a person isn't breathing or circulating blood adequately, CPR can restore circulation of oxygen-rich blood to the brain. Without oxygen, permanent brain damage or death can occur in less than 8 minutes.

When performed quickly enough, CPR can save lives in such emergencies as loss of consciousness, heart attacks or heart "arrests, electric shock, drowning, excessive bleeding, drug overdose, and other conditions in which there is no breathing or no pulse. CPR is to bring oxygen to the victim's lungs and to keep blood circulating so oxygen gets to every part of the body. When a person is deprived of oxygen, permanent brain damage can begin in as little as four minutes and death can follow only minutes later.



keep blood flowing throughout the body



keep air flowing in and out of the lungs



AIRWAY - Open

the airway with the tilt-chin method. 

Breath - give two breaths.



Check circulation.



Compressions : ventilations = 30:2

Turn the victim on his or her back, supporting the neck while you turn them over.  Tilt the head backward from underneath the chin (Head tilt-Chin lift) to make sure the tongue is not blocking the airway.  Open the mouth and remove any vomit, loose dentures or foreign material. If there is still a blockage, perform the modified Heimlich maneuver for unconscious patients. 

A (Airway)  ensure open airway

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Open the airway using a head tilt lifting of chin. Do not tilt the head too far back

Check the pulse on carotid artery using fingers of the other hand

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B (Breathing)   Tilt the head back and listen for breathing. If not breathing normally, pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you see the chest rise.

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C. Circulation Restore the circulation, that is start external cardiac massage

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Same procedure as for adults, except:  Support the infants head – slightly tilted back  Normal-sized breaths for children - smaller puffs for infants.

Child’s Age Infant (1 Year)

Part of Hand

Number of Compressions

Tips of index and  At least 100 per minute  1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Breath.  middle fingers

(Breath interposed after  5th compression)

Child (1-8 years)

Heel of one hand

At least 100 per minute  1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Breath.  (Breath interposed after  5th compression

a

a

a

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all cases accompanied with hypoxia

Primary lesion of cardiac muscle leading to the progressive decline of contractility, conductivity disorders, mechanical factors

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Cardiac Ischemic heart disease  (myocardial infarction) Arrhythmias of different  origin and character Electrolytic disorders Valvular disease Cardiac tamponade Pulmonary artery  thromboembolism Ruptured aneurysm of  aorta

Extracardiac airway obstruction acute respiratory failure shock reflector cardiac arrest embolisms of different  origin drug overdose electrocution poisoning 20

arrest

Symptoms of cardiac arrest

Loss of time !!!

✓  absence of pulse on carotid arteries – a

pathognomonic symptom ✓  respiration arrest – may be in 30 seconds after cardiac arrest  ✓  enlargement of pupils – may be in 90 seconds after cardiac arrest 21

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❒ ❒ ❒

❒

❒ ❒

 Check responsiveness Call for help Correctly place the victim and ensure the open airway Check the presence of spontaneous respiration Check pulse Start external cardiac massage and artificial ventilation 23

Use the weight of your upper body to aid in compressions so that your arms don't get tired. Switch off with another rescuer to save energy for both of you. If breaths do not go in, re-tilt the head and try again. If breaths still do not go in, the airway may be obstructed (see "How to Clear an Obstructed Airway"). If you suspect a spinal injury (see "How to Rule out a Spinal Cord Injury"), do not tilt the chin to open the airway.

If the person has a severe injury to the mouth, then give breaths through the nose while keeping the injured person's mouth sealed shut. If the injured person vomits, turn the person onto his or her side and wipe out the mouth. Return the person to the supine position and continue rescue breathing. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment