Conscience
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KT?=?J.
Kt\_kllZgZqh\_dZbkt\_kllZgZe_dZjy
^-jklgkII kl\BgklblmlZaZnbehkhnkdbbake_^\Zgby
gZ;te]ZjkdZlZZdZ^_fbygZgZmdbl_
GZ Kt\_kllZ _ ihk\_l_gZ \lhjZ ]eZ\Z ³Dasein-ih^h[ghlh k\b^_l_ekl\hlh gZ
kh[kl\_gZlZ kihkh[ghkl ^Z [t^_r b J_rbfhkllZ´ hl \lhjZlZ qZkl gZ ³;blb_ b
\j_f_´gZOZc^_]_j
Kh[kl\_ghnbehkhnkdhlhhkfbkeyg_gZkt\_kllZdh_lhaZOZc^_]_jg_fh`_
^Z [t^_ ^jm]h hk\_g _dabkl_gpbZegh-hglheh]bqgh _ ^Ze_q_ dZdlh hl
³ikboheh]bq_kdZ ^_kdjbipby gZ ij_`b\y\ZgbylZ gZ kt\_kllZ b lyogZlZ deZkbnbdZpby´ dZdlhhl ³[bheh]bq_kdh ªh[ykg_gb_© dh_lh s_ j_q_ ebd\b^bjZg_
gZn_ghf_gZ´lZdZbhl³l_heh]bq_kdhltedm\Zg_gZkt\_kllZbeb^Z`_gZlh\Zj\Zg_
gZlhabn_ghf_gaZ^hdZaZl_ekl\hgZ[h]Zbebªg_ihkj_^kl\_gh©ktagZgb_aZ[h]Z´ (Heidegger 1993: 269). Kt\_kllZjZa[jZgZhglheh]bq_kdb_³ah\´dhclhbaoh`^ZcdbhlkZfbl_gZk
k_ \jtsZ dtf gZk b dhclh gb iha\hey\Z ^Z [t^_f kZfbl_ k_[_ kb l_ \ djZcgZ kf_ldZohjZ³Ah\Zg_lh_fh^mkgZj_qlZAh\tlgZkt\_kllZbfZoZjZdl_jgZijbab\
gZDasein dtfg_]h\ZlZgZc-kh[kl\_gZkihkh[ghkl^Z[t^_k_[_kbblh\ZihgZqbgZ
gZ ihab\ dtf g_]h\hlh gZc-kh[kl\_gh [blb_-gZ-\bgh\_g´ Heidegger 1993: 269).
Ijb\_^_gbyl pblZl jZadjb\Z gZqbgZgZ \ieblZg_ gZ _lbq_kdZlZ b hglheh]bq_kdZlZ
ijh[e_fZlbdZ ijb OZc^_]_j Ltdfh ihjZ^b \kbqdh lh\Z kt\_kllZ jZadtk\Z h[hkh[y\Z jZal\Zjy b hllmd ³^Z\Z ªg_sh© ^Z k_ jZa[_j_ ly jZadjb\Z” (Heidegger 1993:
269).
jZa[bjZg_lh
Hglheh]bqgh-_lbq_kdZlZ h[hkh[_ghkl gZ Dasein
h[hkgh\Z\Z
LZdZ kt\_kllZ ijbah\Z\Zcdb gb ^Z k_ h[hkh[bf ^Z [t^_f ^Z klZg_f
k\h[h^gbebqghklbb^Zijb_f_fk\hylZkt^[Zqj_alh\Z_h[hkgh\ZeZijb_fZg_lh
jZa[bjZg_lh b h[bqlZ dtf ^jm]by dZlh ktsh lZdZ\Z bah[sh h[hkh[_ghkl gh \tafh`ghgZiteghjZaebqgZdZlhg_cghkt^tj`Zgb_
Ih^oh^tlgZOZc^_]_jgbiha\hey\Z^ZjZa]e_^Zf_bqj_alh\Z^Z\ta\tjg_f
kt\_kllZgZe_dZjy\bagZqZegZlZchglheh]bqgh-_lbq_kdZktsghkldZlhfh^mkgZ
kt\_kllZ bah[sh AZlh\Z ljy[\Z ^Z baykgbf \jtadZlZ gZ Dasein qj_a [blb_lh gZ e_dZjyk[blb_lhgZklZ\Zg_lhdZlhIXYVL – jZkl_`ptnl_`ba]jy\Zg_ijbjh^Z
³Ah\tl b^\Z hl f_g b \k_ iZd gZ^ f_g´ Heidegger 1993: 275) Lh\Z _
hkgh\ZlZkihj_^OZc^_]_jaZg_ijZ\begbl_ltedm\ZgbygZkt\_kllZdZlh³\Dasein
ba\bky\ZsZ qm`^Z kbeZ´ [beh lh \ _^ghlh gZijZ\e_gb_ dZlh ³[h]´ dhfmlh ijbgZ^e_`b \tgrgby gZ qh\_dZ ]eZk gZ kt\_kllZ [beh lh \ h[jZlgh gZijZ\e_gb_
dZlh c k_ ^Z^_ [bheh]bqgh h[hkgh\Z\Zg_ Heidegger 1993: 275). “Kt\_kllZ jZadjb\Zk_[_kbdZlhah\gZ]jb`ZlZAh\tlgZkt\_kllZlh\Zs_j_q_lykZfZlZ,
bfZk\hylZhglheh]bqgZ\tafh`ghkl\lh\Zq_Dasein \hkgh\ZlZgZk\h_lh[blb__ ]jb`Z´ (Heidegger 1993: 277-278).
=jb`ZlZ ihfZ]Z gZ Dasein ^Z jZadjb\Z aZeh`_gZlZ \ g_]h ihl_gpby gZ
jZkl_`gZjZa\blb_qj_adZd\hlh^Z[t^_b^ZklZ\ZlhckZfbylLtdfhkt\_kllZ
]h ah\_ dtf lh\Z jZa\blb_ baoh`^Zcdb hl kZfby g_]h \ dZq_kl\hlh gZ g_]h\Z
ihl_gpby b aZeh`_gZ \ kZfhlh fm [blbcgh mkljhckl\h qj_a _dabkl_gpbZeZ gZ =jb`ZlZ
LZdZ =jb`ZlZ gZ Dasein ]h kjh^y\Z k :jbklhl_eh\ZlZ1 dhgp_ipby aZ
ijbjh^ZlZ IXYVL, dZlh jZkl_` ptnl_` ba]jy\Zg_ jZa\blb_ b lh ijb lh\Z lykgh
k\tjaZghkjZa[bjZg_lhaZbklbgZlZdZlhg_kdjblhklDMOKYTHLDBklbgZlZbgZIXYVL-
Z b gZ Dasein e baebaZg_lh hl kdjblhkl \ g_kdjblhkl gZ hkts_kl\y\Zg_lh gZ
kh[kl\_ghlhjZa\blb_bebkt^[ZJZaebdZlZf_`^mijbjh^ghlh\kfbkteZgZIXYVLb
Dasein e q_ ihke_^gbyl ba[bjZ kZfby ba[hj l_ ^Z [t^_ hgh\Z hkh[_gh nZdlbqgh dh_lh fh`_ ^Z _ ktijbqZklgh gZ [blb_ b k_lg_ k lh\Z ijb^h[b\Z
ijZ\hlhgZkh[kl\_gZkt^[Zl_ijZ\hlhgZ\k_dbnZdlbq_gba[hjLZdZihemqZ\Zb [blb_lh kb gZ \bgh\_g dh_lh ]h hl^_ey \ lq b hl k\_lZ b kt\_kllZ dhylh ]h
1
Gh ktsh b m Ovhe^_jebg I_gq_\
ijbah\Z\Zhlkh[kl\_ghlhfm[t^_s_qj_alh\ZhdZaZehk_bhdZa\Zshk_k\h[h^gh ba[bjZ_fh
LyehlhgZqh\_dZ_ijbjh^ghlhijbgZ^e_`bdtfIXYVL-Z <g_]h_aZeh`_gZ
ihl_gpbyaZ_kl_kl\_ghjZa\blb_aZ\tjr\Zshktkkftjlb\fgh]hih-fZedZkl_i_g
aZ\bk_sZ hl ba[hjbl_ gZ qh\_dZ hldhedhlh g_]h\hlh jZa\blb_ dZlh ebqghkl
iZdb\bg^b\b^mZeghlhdmelmjghjZa\blb_\g_]h\ZlZkt^[ZgZke_^_gZlZljZ^bpby gZh[sghkllZdtfdhylhijbgZ^e_`bb]jZ_jheylZgZk\h_[jZa_gdmelmj_gIXYVL,
qZklbqghij_^hij_^_eysbebihg_ijZ\_sih-\_jhylgbgydhbba[hjbaZkf_ldZgZ
^jm]b
< k\hylZ jZ[hlZ ³AZ ihgylb_lh IXYVL ijb :jbklhl_e NbabdZ < ´
(Heidegger 1978) OZc^_]_j jZa]e_`^Z ih^jh[gh ijbf_jZ k e_dZjy gZ :jbklhl_e
dhclh kZfbyl _ kbg gZ e_dZj (Heidegger 1978: 253 KlZ\Z ^mfZ aZ e_dZj dhclh e_dm\Z kZf k_[_ kb b ha^jZ\y\Z ³Lmd ^\Z \b^Z ^\b`_ghkl {Bewegtheit} ih
oZjZdl_j_g gZqbg k_ ij_ieblZl LMDYWUHXVL-tl l_ e_qbl_ekl\hlh dZlh WHYFQK b X-JLYDLVL-tll_a^jZ\_lhdZlh»IXYVL«”(Heidegger 1978: 254). E_dZjyl hk\_g lyeh »IXYVL© _ b qh\_d Dasein ihjZ^b dh_lh ljy[\Z ^Z
ijbkt_^bgbf b lj_lb lbi ³^\b`_ghkl´ Fh`_f ^Z gZj_q_f lZab ³^\b`_ghkl´
_dabkl_gpbZegZg_cghlhgZqZeh_³=jb`ZlZ´l_[blb_lh-gZij_^
Klh\Zijbf_jtljZadjb\Zq_ijbh[kt`^Zg_lhgZijh[e_fbl_gZe_dZjkdZlZ
_lbdZ b ih-h[sh gZ _lbdZlZ \ a^jZ\_hiZa\Zg_lh hs_ gZ gZc-nmg^Zf_glZegh
hglheh]bq_kdh jZ\gbs_ k_ hdZa\Zl ij_ie_l_gb ljb hkgh\gb j_Zebb ijbjh^ZlZ
l_ogbdZlZ b kZfhlh hkgh\hiheZ]Zsh qh\_rdh [blb_ ihjZ^b dh_lh \tijhkbl_ k_
hdZa\Zl keh`gb aZ jZaieblZg_ b baykgy\Zg_ hl _^gZ kljZgZ b kts_\j_f_ggh hl ^jm]Z l_ o\tjeyl k\_lebgZ gZ gZc-bagZqZegh jZ\gbs_ dt^_lh hl^_egbl_
^\b`_ghklbkZ\_^bgkl\hlhgZfh^mkbgZ[blb_
«)XYVL»-tl\kemqZyha^jZ\y\Zg_lhX-JLYDLVL-tlbfZk\h_lhgZqZehDMUFKY , l_ ihl_gpbylZ kb aZ jZa\blb_ \tlj_ \ k_[_ kb ^hdZlh WHYFQK-lh \ kemqZy
e_qbl_ekl\hlhLMDYWUHXVL-tlbfZk\h_lhDMUFKY ba\tgk_[_kb\e_dZjyKijbf_jZ
h[Zq_ dhclh k_ ^Z\Z ^\ZlZ lbiZ DMUFKY k_ hdZa\Zl kt\f_kl_gb \ _^gh b ktsh ebp_ e_dZjyldhclhijbeZ]Zk\h_lhe_qbl_ekl\hdtfk_[_kbbha^jZ\y\Z
Kihj_^ ki_pbnbdZlZ gZ jZa]e_`^Zg_lh ljy[\Z ^Z ^h[Z\bf b ihjZ^b lh\Z
ij_^\Zjbl_egh ^Z baykgbf DMUFKY-lh gZ ³=jb`ZlZ´ \ ^\b`_ghkllZ gZ Dasein dZlh
[blb_-gZij_^ ³Lh\Z [blb_ baite\Z agZq_gb_lh gZ lblmeZ =jb`Z´ ³;blb_lh gZ
Dasein hagZqZ\Z ij_^-k_[_-kb-\_q_-^Z-[t^_-\- k\_lZ dZlh[blb_-ijb \tlj_k\_lh\h kj_sZshkts_kl\m\Zsh ´ Heidegger 1993: 192).
Ke_^h\Zl_egh^hdhedhlhkt\_kllZ[_r_ah\hlDaseindhclhah\k_aZ\jtsZ
dtf g_]h dZlh ijb\b^gh qm`^ \tgr_g Z \ktsghkl - hl k\h_lh [blb_-hlij_^
=jb`ZlZ lh k_]Z \_q_ fh`_f ^Z ehdZebabjZf_ b kts_kl\m\Zshlh \ k\_lZ b
g_]h\hlhfyklhhldt^_lhs_^hc^_\ta\jtsZcdbk_ah\tlgZkt\_kllZdZlhg_sh
aZ dh_lh Dasein k_ ]jb`b Bah[sh e_dZjyl k_ ]jb`b aZ k\hy iZpb_gl b hllZf – \
dZq_kl\hlhgZ\tlj_k\_lh\hkj_sZshkts_kl\m\Zsh–s_^hc^_kZfhaZ\jtsZcdb k_ah\tlgZkt\_kllZjZa[bjZk_ijhbaoh`^ZcdbhlkZfbye_dZj
Gh \ dhgdj_lgby ijbf_j gZ e_dZj dhclh e_dm\Z kZf k_[_ kb ah\tl gZ
kt\_kllZs_^hc^_hl_^ghhkh[_gh\tlj_k\_lh\hkj_sZshkts_kl\m\ZshZbf_ggh kh[kl\_ghlhlyeh
Ghbklh\Zhs_keh`ghkllZgZijbf_jZ\k_hs_g__baq_jiZgZ aZshlhgZ
^\b`_gb_lhgZkt\_kllZijhbaoh`^ZsZhlDasein bg_]h\ZlZ=jb`ZghaZ\jtsZsZ
k_ dtf g_]h kydZr \tgrgZ hl gydh_ ^Z^_gh kts_kl\m\Zsh kthl\_lkl\Z
aZ\jtsZg_lhgZ DMUFKY-lhgZIXYVL-ZgZha^jZ\y\Zg_lhX-JLYDLVL-tldZlhWHFQK-lh\
kemqZy e_qbl_ekl\hlh LMDYWUHXVL-tl [b^_cdb kZfò \tgrgh gZ k\h_lh DMUFKY-lh gh k_]ZaZ\jtsZshk_hlkh[kl\_ghlhlyehdZlh\tgrghgZ\tgrghlh
<lh\Zqbkehijbf_jtlgb^Z\Z^Zh[fbkebfq_dZdlhkt\_kllZb^\ZijbgZk
\tgrgZ hlqm`^_gZ hl kh[kl\_ghlh kb gZqZeh \ gZk Z bf_ggh dZlh ³[h]´ dZlh
³[bheh]by´bebdZlh³ikboheh]by´gZqh\_dZlZdZbgZrZlZl_ogbdZgb_hkfbkeyf_
dZlh \tgrgZ hlqm`^_gZ kZfhklhyl_egZ kbeZ Z g_ dZlh ijhbaoh`^ZsZ hl gZrZlZ ijbjh^Z IXYVL b kZfh aZ\jtsZsZ k_ dtf gZk dZlh ijb\b^gh \tgrgZ hlqm`^_gZ
LZdZ dZdlh kt\_kllZ kdjb\Z kh[kl\_gby kb ijhbaoh^ hl kZfbl_ gZk h[jtsZcdb k_
dtfgZkdZlhah\hlgydh_^Z^_ghb\_jhylghkljZ^Zshkts_kl\m\ZshlZdZijZ\b
b l_ogbdZlZ h[jtsZcdb k_ dtf gZk hl gydh_ ^Z^_gh b gZc-q_klh g_h^mr_\_gh b ke_^h\Zl_eghg_kljZ^Zshkts_kl\m\Zsh.
Lmd p_gljZegZ _ b^_ylZ aZ _^bgkl\hlh gZ IXYVL b WHF HFQQK gZ ijbjh^Z b
l_ogbdZ dZlh hlqm`^_gh aZ\jtsZsh k_ _^bgkl\h gZ kt\_kllZ E_dm\Zsbyl
kZf k_[_ kb e_dZj gb iha\hey\Z ^Z hktagZ_f _^bgkl\hlh gZ e_dZj b iZpb_gl ijb
dh_lh kt\_kllZ gZ iZpb_glZ k_ aZ\jtsZ dtf g_]h hl b qj_a e_dZjy Z kt\_kllZ gZ e_dZjy k_ aZ\jtsZ dtf g_]h hl iZpb_glZ < gydZdt\ kfbkte fh`_f ^Z ]h\hjbf aZ
_^gZh[sZkt\_klk^\_ijhlb\hiheh`gbihkhdb
Kt\_kllZ [b^_cdb \ ba\_kl_g kfbkte ^hjb b h[sZ h[_^bgy\Z
klZ\Z^mfZaZlyogh^te[hdhhkfbkeyg_b\ieblZg_gZhglheh]bqghjZ\gbs_dh_lh
h[Zq_ – dZdlh \ktsghkl _ ^hklZ h[bqZcgh aZ l_hj_lbqgbl_ bake_^\Zgby – k_ ijhlb\hihklZ\ygZh[shijb_lbl_brbj_sbk_\ta]e_^b
?lh aZsh OZc^_]_j aZdexqZ\Z hq_\b^gh \_q_ hlleZkd\Zcdb hl _^gh kZfh
bklhjbdh-nbehkhnkdhjZa]e_`^Zg_gZ\ta]e_^bl_gZ:jbklhl_eq_
“7HYFQK-lh fh`_ _^bgkl\_gh ^Z mkem`b gZ IXYVL-Z fh`_ ih\_q_ beb ih-
fZedh^ZgZktjqbha^jZ\y\Zg_lh lhh[Zq_dZlhWHYFQK gbdh]Zg_fh`_^ZaZf_klb IXYVL-ZbkZfhlhlh^ZklZg_gZg_]h\hfyklhDMUFKY gZa^jZ\_lh” (Heidegger 1978: 255). Ijbihfgycdb kb l_fZlZ gZ dhgn_j_gpbylZ ³?lbdZlZ \ [te]Zjkdhlh
a^jZ\_hiZa\Zg_´ dZlh ba\h^ k_ gZljZi\Z ^h[j_ ba\_klgZ bklbgZ q_ - ^hjb b ih
hglheh]bqgh-_lbq_kdb kth[jZ`_gby - e_q_gb_lh ke_^\Z kZfh ^Z ih^ihfZ]Z ijhnbeZdlbdZlZ lh gbdh]Z g_ fh`_ ^Z aZf_klb kZfhlh a^jZ\_ Kt\_kllZ gZ
iZpb_glZ dhylh ljy[\Z ^Z ]h gZkhq\Z dtf dhedhlh _ \tafh`gh ih-a^jZ\hkeh\_g
gZqbg gZ `b\hl _ g_hl^_ebfZ hl kt\_kllZ gZ e_dZjy dhclh baltd\Zcdb gZ k\hy
ihl_gpbZe_g iZpb_gl bf_ggh lZdt\ gZqbg gZ `b\hl \k_ iZd [_amkeh\gh s_ k_
ijbl_q_gZihfhsijbaZ[hey\Zg_B\lhabihke_^_gkemqZckt\_kllZgZe_dZjy_
g_hl^_ebfZ hl kt\_kllZ gZ iZpb_glZ dhclh _ fhjZegh aZ^te`_g k \kbqdb kbeb b \tafh`ghklb^Zih^ihfZ]ZfZdkbfZegh[tjahlhkbbiteghp_gghha^jZ\y\Zg_
OZc^_]_jijh^te`Z\Zbk^jm]bbgl_j_kgbba\h^b ³gh\h_\jhi_ckdbylqh\_d
k__ mklj_fbedtfke_^gZlZp_e qh\_dtll_ogbq_kdb^Zijhba\_`^ZkZfk_[_kb”
(Heidegger 1978: 255 :dh lhc mki__ \ lZab p_e ³lhc kZfZlZ kb ktsghkl s_
\ajb\b´s_k_hldtkg_hlhkgh\ZlZZaZa^jZ\_lhly_IXYVL-tlgZqh\_dZlZdZdZlh
\_dabkl_gpbZe_gnmg^Zf_glZegh-hglheh]bq_kdbieZg_DaseindhclhdZlh=jb`Z
_ [blb_-gZij_^ dZlh [blb_-ijb s_ k_ hldtkg_ hl kfbkteZ b lh]Z\Z ³gZitegh
[_akfbke_ghlh e \Zeb^gh dZlh _^bgkl\_g ªkfbkte© b ih^^tj`Zg_lh gZ lZab \Zeb^ghkl ba]e_`^Z dZlh qh\_rdh ª]hkih^kl\h© ih a_fgZlZ l\tj^´ iZd lZf <
hlqm`^_gZlZ l_ogbdZ mkiyeZ ^Z ij_\tjg_ ^hjb kZfby qh\_d \ l_ogbq_kdh
ijhba\_^_gb_gZkZfbyk_[_kb\eZkl\Z³km[_dlb\ghklZ´ \kemqZygZa^jZ\_lhlZab
km[_dlb\ghkl k_ ij_^klZ\y dZlh aZ[jZ\yg_ b hldtk\Zg_ gZ WHYFQK-lh gZ
e_qbl_ekl\hlh hl kh[kl\_gby IXYVL gZ a^jZ\_lh ³LZdZ ªkm[_dlb\ghkllZ© g_ _
ij_h^heygZ Z kZfh ªmkihdh_gZ© \t\ ª\_q_g gZij_^td©´ iZd lZf e_qbl_ekl\hlh
ijb gZr_lh jZa]e_`^Zg_ _ klZgZeh kZfhp_e Z g_ kZfh kj_^kl\h baoh`^Zsh hl ktsghkllZ gZ qh\_dZ b gZkhq_gh dtf lh\Z ^Z ]h ih^tj`Z a^jZ\ b ^Z ]h e_dm\Z \
kemqZcq_aZ[he__H[sZlZkt\_klgZe_dZjbiZpb_gl\kfbkteZh[kt^_gih-]hj_ k_ jZap_i\Z gZ ^\_ g_aZ\bkbfb b ^hjb \tafh`gh ijhlb\hihklZ\_gb qZklb
BaijZ\_gb kf_ kydZr ij_^ kblmZpby dh]Zlh bfZf_ g_ kZfh ^\_ kt\_klb gh b ^\_
_lbdb _^gZ gZ iZpb_glZ b ^jm]Z gZ e_dZjy b lh ijb lh\Z g_jy^dh \ebaZsb \ dhgnebdl
LZdZfh`_^Zk_hq_jlZ_h[sijbgpbi_gih^oh^aZhkfbkeyg_bihgydh]ZaZ
j_rZ\Zg_ gZ ijh[e_fbl_ gZ _lbdZlZ \ a^jZ\_hiZa\Zg_lh ^Z k_ \taklZgh\y\Z
_^bgkl\hlh gZ e_dZjy b gZ iZpb_glZ gZ lyogZlZ kt\_kl gZ l_ogbl_ _lbq_kdb
ihabpbb ijb dh_lh \h^_sbyl ijbgpbi _ ltdfh ³a^jZ\_hiZa\Zg_lh´ l_ [md\Zegh hiZa\Zg_lhgZa^jZ\_lh
<aZdexq_gb_[bobkdZe^ZihkhqZgZc-ZdlmZegbim[ebdZpbb ke_^]
ihf_^bpbgkdZ_lbdZbhlghkgh_lbq_kdbyZki_dlgZgydhb\ta]e_^bgZOZc^_]_j\
dhblh fh]Zl ^Z k_ kj_sgZl ZgZeh]bqgb b^_b (Tauber 2001, Willberg 2003, Hyde 2001).
E_dZjyl b fZdZj b ^Z kih^_eyl _^gh b kts [blb_-\-k\_lZ aZ_fZl jZaebqgb
lhqdbgZi_jki_dlb\Z\debgbqgZlZkj_sZLyoghlh_^bgkl\hljy[\Z^Zk_\b^bdZlh
ihkl_i_ggh kt_^bgy\Zg_ gZ jZaebqgbl_ kfbkeh\b ohjbahglb gZ e_dZjy b gZ
iZpb_glZqj_abgl_jij_lZpbyb^bZeh] Svenaeus 2001: 153-155).Ijb\ebqZg_lhgZ nbehkhnbylZbbah[shgZ^moh\ghkllZ_aZ^te`bl_eghZdh`_eZ_f^Zij_o\tjebf
nhdmkZ gZ jZa]e_`^Zg_ hl f_^bpbgkdZlZ l_ogbdZ gZ e_dZjy dtf kljZ^Zgb_lh gZ iZpb_glZkt\_kllZgZe_dZjyb\aZbfhhlghr_gb_lhe_dZj-iZpb_gl Evans 2003).
³Bg^b\b^mZegbyl Dasein” fh`_ ^Z k_ jZa[_j_ dZlh kt\_kl Ijb\_`^Z k_
^jm]hfyklhhlOZc^_]_jaZkthlghr_gb_lhgZIURYQKVL bVRILYD qj_a:jbklhl_eh\
ijbf_jhlf_^bpbgZlZ ^Zk_baihea\ZIURYQKVLijZdlbq_kdhlhmf_gb_ _dZlh^Zk_
baihea\Z f_^bpbgZ beb f_^bpbgkdh agZgb_ aZ e_dm\Zg_ aZ \taklZgh\y\Zg_ gZ ktklhygb_lh gZ a^jZ\_ gh VRILYD _ kjh^gZ gZ kZfhlh a^jZ\_ ly gyfZ p_e aZshlh
kZfZlZly_ktklhygb_ Elden 2006: 58-60). EBL?J:LMJ:
I_gq_\<)XYVL \jZ[hlbl_gZOZc^_]_jaZOvhe^_jebg– Nbehkhnby, 3, 1418. Elden, S. 2006. Speaking Against Number: Heidegger, Language, and the Politics of Calculation. Edinburgh: Iniversity Press. Evans, R. 2003. Patient centred medicine: reason, emotion, and human spirit? Some philsophical reflections on being with patients. – Journal of Medical Ethics. Vol. 29, pp. 8-15. Heidegger, M. 1978. Vom Wesen und Begriff der )XYVL. Aristoteles, Physik B, 1. – In: (ders.) Wegmarken. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostremann. Heidegger, M. 1993. Sein und Zeit. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. Hyde, M. 2001. The Call of Conscience: Heidegger and Levinas, Rhetoric and the Euthasia Debate. University of South Carolina Press. Svenaeus, F. 2001. The Hermeneutics of Medicine and the Phenomenology of Health: Steps Towards a Philosophy of Medical Practice. Dordrecht/ Boston/ London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Tauber, A. 2001. From the Self to the Other: Building a Philosophy of Medicine. – In: Meta Medical Ethics: The Philosophical Foundations of Bioethics (ed. M. Grodin). Dordrecht/ Boston/ London: Springer, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 157-196. Wilberg, P. 2003. Heidegger, Medicine, and Scientific Method. The Unheeded Message of the Zollikon Seminars. New Gnosis.
Kt\_kllZgZqh\_dZbkt\_kllZgZe_dZjy
^-jklgkII kl\BgklblmlZaZnbehkhnkdbbake_^\Zgby
gZ;te]ZjkdZlZZdZ^_fbygZgZmdbl_
GZ Kt\_kllZ _ ihk\_l_gZ \lhjZ ]eZ\Z ³Dasein-ih^h[ghlh k\b^_l_ekl\hlh gZ
kh[kl\_gZlZ kihkh[ghkl ^Z [t^_r b J_rbfhkllZ´ hl \lhjZlZ qZkl gZ ³;blb_ b
\j_f_´gZOZc^_]_j
Kh[kl\_ghnbehkhnkdhlhhkfbkeyg_gZkt\_kllZdh_lhaZOZc^_]_jg_fh`_
^Z [t^_ ^jm]h hk\_g _dabkl_gpbZegh-hglheh]bqgh _ ^Ze_q_ dZdlh hl
³ikboheh]bq_kdZ ^_kdjbipby gZ ij_`b\y\ZgbylZ gZ kt\_kllZ b lyogZlZ deZkbnbdZpby´ dZdlhhl ³[bheh]bq_kdh ªh[ykg_gb_© dh_lh s_ j_q_ ebd\b^bjZg_
gZn_ghf_gZ´lZdZbhl³l_heh]bq_kdhltedm\Zg_gZkt\_kllZbeb^Z`_gZlh\Zj\Zg_
gZlhabn_ghf_gaZ^hdZaZl_ekl\hgZ[h]Zbebªg_ihkj_^kl\_gh©ktagZgb_aZ[h]Z´ (Heidegger 1993: 269). Kt\_kllZjZa[jZgZhglheh]bq_kdb_³ah\´dhclhbaoh`^ZcdbhlkZfbl_gZk
k_ \jtsZ dtf gZk b dhclh gb iha\hey\Z ^Z [t^_f kZfbl_ k_[_ kb l_ \ djZcgZ kf_ldZohjZ³Ah\Zg_lh_fh^mkgZj_qlZAh\tlgZkt\_kllZbfZoZjZdl_jgZijbab\
gZDasein dtfg_]h\ZlZgZc-kh[kl\_gZkihkh[ghkl^Z[t^_k_[_kbblh\ZihgZqbgZ
gZ ihab\ dtf g_]h\hlh gZc-kh[kl\_gh [blb_-gZ-\bgh\_g´ Heidegger 1993: 269).
Ijb\_^_gbyl pblZl jZadjb\Z gZqbgZgZ \ieblZg_ gZ _lbq_kdZlZ b hglheh]bq_kdZlZ
ijh[e_fZlbdZ ijb OZc^_]_j Ltdfh ihjZ^b \kbqdh lh\Z kt\_kllZ jZadtk\Z h[hkh[y\Z jZal\Zjy b hllmd ³^Z\Z ªg_sh© ^Z k_ jZa[_j_ ly jZadjb\Z” (Heidegger 1993:
269).
jZa[bjZg_lh
Hglheh]bqgh-_lbq_kdZlZ h[hkh[_ghkl gZ Dasein
h[hkgh\Z\Z
LZdZ kt\_kllZ ijbah\Z\Zcdb gb ^Z k_ h[hkh[bf ^Z [t^_f ^Z klZg_f
k\h[h^gbebqghklbb^Zijb_f_fk\hylZkt^[Zqj_alh\Z_h[hkgh\ZeZijb_fZg_lh
jZa[bjZg_lh b h[bqlZ dtf ^jm]by dZlh ktsh lZdZ\Z bah[sh h[hkh[_ghkl gh \tafh`ghgZiteghjZaebqgZdZlhg_cghkt^tj`Zgb_
Ih^oh^tlgZOZc^_]_jgbiha\hey\Z^ZjZa]e_^Zf_bqj_alh\Z^Z\ta\tjg_f
kt\_kllZgZe_dZjy\bagZqZegZlZchglheh]bqgh-_lbq_kdZktsghkldZlhfh^mkgZ
kt\_kllZ bah[sh AZlh\Z ljy[\Z ^Z baykgbf \jtadZlZ gZ Dasein qj_a [blb_lh gZ e_dZjyk[blb_lhgZklZ\Zg_lhdZlhIXYVL – jZkl_`ptnl_`ba]jy\Zg_ijbjh^Z
³Ah\tl b^\Z hl f_g b \k_ iZd gZ^ f_g´ Heidegger 1993: 275) Lh\Z _
hkgh\ZlZkihj_^OZc^_]_jaZg_ijZ\begbl_ltedm\ZgbygZkt\_kllZdZlh³\Dasein
ba\bky\ZsZ qm`^Z kbeZ´ [beh lh \ _^ghlh gZijZ\e_gb_ dZlh ³[h]´ dhfmlh ijbgZ^e_`b \tgrgby gZ qh\_dZ ]eZk gZ kt\_kllZ [beh lh \ h[jZlgh gZijZ\e_gb_
dZlh c k_ ^Z^_ [bheh]bqgh h[hkgh\Z\Zg_ Heidegger 1993: 275). “Kt\_kllZ jZadjb\Zk_[_kbdZlhah\gZ]jb`ZlZAh\tlgZkt\_kllZlh\Zs_j_q_lykZfZlZ,
bfZk\hylZhglheh]bqgZ\tafh`ghkl\lh\Zq_Dasein \hkgh\ZlZgZk\h_lh[blb__ ]jb`Z´ (Heidegger 1993: 277-278).
=jb`ZlZ ihfZ]Z gZ Dasein ^Z jZadjb\Z aZeh`_gZlZ \ g_]h ihl_gpby gZ
jZkl_`gZjZa\blb_qj_adZd\hlh^Z[t^_b^ZklZ\ZlhckZfbylLtdfhkt\_kllZ
]h ah\_ dtf lh\Z jZa\blb_ baoh`^Zcdb hl kZfby g_]h \ dZq_kl\hlh gZ g_]h\Z
ihl_gpby b aZeh`_gZ \ kZfhlh fm [blbcgh mkljhckl\h qj_a _dabkl_gpbZeZ gZ =jb`ZlZ
LZdZ =jb`ZlZ gZ Dasein ]h kjh^y\Z k :jbklhl_eh\ZlZ1 dhgp_ipby aZ
ijbjh^ZlZ IXYVL, dZlh jZkl_` ptnl_` ba]jy\Zg_ jZa\blb_ b lh ijb lh\Z lykgh
k\tjaZghkjZa[bjZg_lhaZbklbgZlZdZlhg_kdjblhklDMOKYTHLDBklbgZlZbgZIXYVL-
Z b gZ Dasein e baebaZg_lh hl kdjblhkl \ g_kdjblhkl gZ hkts_kl\y\Zg_lh gZ
kh[kl\_ghlhjZa\blb_bebkt^[ZJZaebdZlZf_`^mijbjh^ghlh\kfbkteZgZIXYVLb
Dasein e q_ ihke_^gbyl ba[bjZ kZfby ba[hj l_ ^Z [t^_ hgh\Z hkh[_gh nZdlbqgh dh_lh fh`_ ^Z _ ktijbqZklgh gZ [blb_ b k_lg_ k lh\Z ijb^h[b\Z
ijZ\hlhgZkh[kl\_gZkt^[Zl_ijZ\hlhgZ\k_dbnZdlbq_gba[hjLZdZihemqZ\Zb [blb_lh kb gZ \bgh\_g dh_lh ]h hl^_ey \ lq b hl k\_lZ b kt\_kllZ dhylh ]h
1
Gh ktsh b m Ovhe^_jebg I_gq_\
ijbah\Z\Zhlkh[kl\_ghlhfm[t^_s_qj_alh\ZhdZaZehk_bhdZa\Zshk_k\h[h^gh ba[bjZ_fh
LyehlhgZqh\_dZ_ijbjh^ghlhijbgZ^e_`bdtfIXYVL-Z <g_]h_aZeh`_gZ
ihl_gpbyaZ_kl_kl\_ghjZa\blb_aZ\tjr\Zshktkkftjlb\fgh]hih-fZedZkl_i_g
aZ\bk_sZ hl ba[hjbl_ gZ qh\_dZ hldhedhlh g_]h\hlh jZa\blb_ dZlh ebqghkl
iZdb\bg^b\b^mZeghlhdmelmjghjZa\blb_\g_]h\ZlZkt^[ZgZke_^_gZlZljZ^bpby gZh[sghkllZdtfdhylhijbgZ^e_`bb]jZ_jheylZgZk\h_[jZa_gdmelmj_gIXYVL,
qZklbqghij_^hij_^_eysbebihg_ijZ\_sih-\_jhylgbgydhbba[hjbaZkf_ldZgZ
^jm]b
< k\hylZ jZ[hlZ ³AZ ihgylb_lh IXYVL ijb :jbklhl_e NbabdZ < ´
(Heidegger 1978) OZc^_]_j jZa]e_`^Z ih^jh[gh ijbf_jZ k e_dZjy gZ :jbklhl_e
dhclh kZfbyl _ kbg gZ e_dZj (Heidegger 1978: 253 KlZ\Z ^mfZ aZ e_dZj dhclh e_dm\Z kZf k_[_ kb b ha^jZ\y\Z ³Lmd ^\Z \b^Z ^\b`_ghkl {Bewegtheit} ih
oZjZdl_j_g gZqbg k_ ij_ieblZl LMDYWUHXVL-tl l_ e_qbl_ekl\hlh dZlh WHYFQK b X-JLYDLVL-tll_a^jZ\_lhdZlh»IXYVL«”(Heidegger 1978: 254). E_dZjyl hk\_g lyeh »IXYVL© _ b qh\_d Dasein ihjZ^b dh_lh ljy[\Z ^Z
ijbkt_^bgbf b lj_lb lbi ³^\b`_ghkl´ Fh`_f ^Z gZj_q_f lZab ³^\b`_ghkl´
_dabkl_gpbZegZg_cghlhgZqZeh_³=jb`ZlZ´l_[blb_lh-gZij_^
Klh\Zijbf_jtljZadjb\Zq_ijbh[kt`^Zg_lhgZijh[e_fbl_gZe_dZjkdZlZ
_lbdZ b ih-h[sh gZ _lbdZlZ \ a^jZ\_hiZa\Zg_lh hs_ gZ gZc-nmg^Zf_glZegh
hglheh]bq_kdh jZ\gbs_ k_ hdZa\Zl ij_ie_l_gb ljb hkgh\gb j_Zebb ijbjh^ZlZ
l_ogbdZlZ b kZfhlh hkgh\hiheZ]Zsh qh\_rdh [blb_ ihjZ^b dh_lh \tijhkbl_ k_
hdZa\Zl keh`gb aZ jZaieblZg_ b baykgy\Zg_ hl _^gZ kljZgZ b kts_\j_f_ggh hl ^jm]Z l_ o\tjeyl k\_lebgZ gZ gZc-bagZqZegh jZ\gbs_ dt^_lh hl^_egbl_
^\b`_ghklbkZ\_^bgkl\hlhgZfh^mkbgZ[blb_
«)XYVL»-tl\kemqZyha^jZ\y\Zg_lhX-JLYDLVL-tlbfZk\h_lhgZqZehDMUFKY , l_ ihl_gpbylZ kb aZ jZa\blb_ \tlj_ \ k_[_ kb ^hdZlh WHYFQK-lh \ kemqZy
e_qbl_ekl\hlhLMDYWUHXVL-tlbfZk\h_lhDMUFKY ba\tgk_[_kb\e_dZjyKijbf_jZ
h[Zq_ dhclh k_ ^Z\Z ^\ZlZ lbiZ DMUFKY k_ hdZa\Zl kt\f_kl_gb \ _^gh b ktsh ebp_ e_dZjyldhclhijbeZ]Zk\h_lhe_qbl_ekl\hdtfk_[_kbbha^jZ\y\Z
Kihj_^ ki_pbnbdZlZ gZ jZa]e_`^Zg_lh ljy[\Z ^Z ^h[Z\bf b ihjZ^b lh\Z
ij_^\Zjbl_egh ^Z baykgbf DMUFKY-lh gZ ³=jb`ZlZ´ \ ^\b`_ghkllZ gZ Dasein dZlh
[blb_-gZij_^ ³Lh\Z [blb_ baite\Z agZq_gb_lh gZ lblmeZ =jb`Z´ ³;blb_lh gZ
Dasein hagZqZ\Z ij_^-k_[_-kb-\_q_-^Z-[t^_-\- k\_lZ dZlh[blb_-ijb \tlj_k\_lh\h kj_sZshkts_kl\m\Zsh ´ Heidegger 1993: 192).
Ke_^h\Zl_egh^hdhedhlhkt\_kllZ[_r_ah\hlDaseindhclhah\k_aZ\jtsZ
dtf g_]h dZlh ijb\b^gh qm`^ \tgr_g Z \ktsghkl - hl k\h_lh [blb_-hlij_^
=jb`ZlZ lh k_]Z \_q_ fh`_f ^Z ehdZebabjZf_ b kts_kl\m\Zshlh \ k\_lZ b
g_]h\hlhfyklhhldt^_lhs_^hc^_\ta\jtsZcdbk_ah\tlgZkt\_kllZdZlhg_sh
aZ dh_lh Dasein k_ ]jb`b Bah[sh e_dZjyl k_ ]jb`b aZ k\hy iZpb_gl b hllZf – \
dZq_kl\hlhgZ\tlj_k\_lh\hkj_sZshkts_kl\m\Zsh–s_^hc^_kZfhaZ\jtsZcdb k_ah\tlgZkt\_kllZjZa[bjZk_ijhbaoh`^ZcdbhlkZfbye_dZj
Gh \ dhgdj_lgby ijbf_j gZ e_dZj dhclh e_dm\Z kZf k_[_ kb ah\tl gZ
kt\_kllZs_^hc^_hl_^ghhkh[_gh\tlj_k\_lh\hkj_sZshkts_kl\m\ZshZbf_ggh kh[kl\_ghlhlyeh
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^\b`_gb_lhgZkt\_kllZijhbaoh`^ZsZhlDasein bg_]h\ZlZ=jb`ZghaZ\jtsZsZ
k_ dtf g_]h kydZr \tgrgZ hl gydh_ ^Z^_gh kts_kl\m\Zsh kthl\_lkl\Z
aZ\jtsZg_lhgZ DMUFKY-lhgZIXYVL-ZgZha^jZ\y\Zg_lhX-JLYDLVL-tldZlhWHFQK-lh\
kemqZy e_qbl_ekl\hlh LMDYWUHXVL-tl [b^_cdb kZfò \tgrgh gZ k\h_lh DMUFKY-lh gh k_]ZaZ\jtsZshk_hlkh[kl\_ghlhlyehdZlh\tgrghgZ\tgrghlh
<lh\Zqbkehijbf_jtlgb^Z\Z^Zh[fbkebfq_dZdlhkt\_kllZb^\ZijbgZk
\tgrgZ hlqm`^_gZ hl kh[kl\_ghlh kb gZqZeh \ gZk Z bf_ggh dZlh ³[h]´ dZlh
³[bheh]by´bebdZlh³ikboheh]by´gZqh\_dZlZdZbgZrZlZl_ogbdZgb_hkfbkeyf_
dZlh \tgrgZ hlqm`^_gZ kZfhklhyl_egZ kbeZ Z g_ dZlh ijhbaoh`^ZsZ hl gZrZlZ ijbjh^Z IXYVL b kZfh aZ\jtsZsZ k_ dtf gZk dZlh ijb\b^gh \tgrgZ hlqm`^_gZ
LZdZ dZdlh kt\_kllZ kdjb\Z kh[kl\_gby kb ijhbaoh^ hl kZfbl_ gZk h[jtsZcdb k_
dtfgZkdZlhah\hlgydh_^Z^_ghb\_jhylghkljZ^Zshkts_kl\m\ZshlZdZijZ\b
b l_ogbdZlZ h[jtsZcdb k_ dtf gZk hl gydh_ ^Z^_gh b gZc-q_klh g_h^mr_\_gh b ke_^h\Zl_eghg_kljZ^Zshkts_kl\m\Zsh.
Lmd p_gljZegZ _ b^_ylZ aZ _^bgkl\hlh gZ IXYVL b WHF HFQQK gZ ijbjh^Z b
l_ogbdZ dZlh hlqm`^_gh aZ\jtsZsh k_ _^bgkl\h gZ kt\_kllZ E_dm\Zsbyl
kZf k_[_ kb e_dZj gb iha\hey\Z ^Z hktagZ_f _^bgkl\hlh gZ e_dZj b iZpb_gl ijb
dh_lh kt\_kllZ gZ iZpb_glZ k_ aZ\jtsZ dtf g_]h hl b qj_a e_dZjy Z kt\_kllZ gZ e_dZjy k_ aZ\jtsZ dtf g_]h hl iZpb_glZ < gydZdt\ kfbkte fh`_f ^Z ]h\hjbf aZ
_^gZh[sZkt\_klk^\_ijhlb\hiheh`gbihkhdb
Kt\_kllZ [b^_cdb \ ba\_kl_g kfbkte ^hjb b h[sZ h[_^bgy\Z
klZ\Z^mfZaZlyogh^te[hdhhkfbkeyg_b\ieblZg_gZhglheh]bqghjZ\gbs_dh_lh
h[Zq_ – dZdlh \ktsghkl _ ^hklZ h[bqZcgh aZ l_hj_lbqgbl_ bake_^\Zgby – k_ ijhlb\hihklZ\ygZh[shijb_lbl_brbj_sbk_\ta]e_^b
?lh aZsh OZc^_]_j aZdexqZ\Z hq_\b^gh \_q_ hlleZkd\Zcdb hl _^gh kZfh
bklhjbdh-nbehkhnkdhjZa]e_`^Zg_gZ\ta]e_^bl_gZ:jbklhl_eq_
“7HYFQK-lh fh`_ _^bgkl\_gh ^Z mkem`b gZ IXYVL-Z fh`_ ih\_q_ beb ih-
fZedh^ZgZktjqbha^jZ\y\Zg_lh lhh[Zq_dZlhWHYFQK gbdh]Zg_fh`_^ZaZf_klb IXYVL-ZbkZfhlhlh^ZklZg_gZg_]h\hfyklhDMUFKY gZa^jZ\_lh” (Heidegger 1978: 255). Ijbihfgycdb kb l_fZlZ gZ dhgn_j_gpbylZ ³?lbdZlZ \ [te]Zjkdhlh
a^jZ\_hiZa\Zg_´ dZlh ba\h^ k_ gZljZi\Z ^h[j_ ba\_klgZ bklbgZ q_ - ^hjb b ih
hglheh]bqgh-_lbq_kdb kth[jZ`_gby - e_q_gb_lh ke_^\Z kZfh ^Z ih^ihfZ]Z ijhnbeZdlbdZlZ lh gbdh]Z g_ fh`_ ^Z aZf_klb kZfhlh a^jZ\_ Kt\_kllZ gZ
iZpb_glZ dhylh ljy[\Z ^Z ]h gZkhq\Z dtf dhedhlh _ \tafh`gh ih-a^jZ\hkeh\_g
gZqbg gZ `b\hl _ g_hl^_ebfZ hl kt\_kllZ gZ e_dZjy dhclh baltd\Zcdb gZ k\hy
ihl_gpbZe_g iZpb_gl bf_ggh lZdt\ gZqbg gZ `b\hl \k_ iZd [_amkeh\gh s_ k_
ijbl_q_gZihfhsijbaZ[hey\Zg_B\lhabihke_^_gkemqZckt\_kllZgZe_dZjy_
g_hl^_ebfZ hl kt\_kllZ gZ iZpb_glZ dhclh _ fhjZegh aZ^te`_g k \kbqdb kbeb b \tafh`ghklb^Zih^ihfZ]ZfZdkbfZegh[tjahlhkbbiteghp_gghha^jZ\y\Zg_
OZc^_]_jijh^te`Z\Zbk^jm]bbgl_j_kgbba\h^b ³gh\h_\jhi_ckdbylqh\_d
k__ mklj_fbedtfke_^gZlZp_e qh\_dtll_ogbq_kdb^Zijhba\_`^ZkZfk_[_kb”
(Heidegger 1978: 255 :dh lhc mki__ \ lZab p_e ³lhc kZfZlZ kb ktsghkl s_
\ajb\b´s_k_hldtkg_hlhkgh\ZlZZaZa^jZ\_lhly_IXYVL-tlgZqh\_dZlZdZdZlh
\_dabkl_gpbZe_gnmg^Zf_glZegh-hglheh]bq_kdbieZg_DaseindhclhdZlh=jb`Z
_ [blb_-gZij_^ dZlh [blb_-ijb s_ k_ hldtkg_ hl kfbkteZ b lh]Z\Z ³gZitegh
[_akfbke_ghlh e \Zeb^gh dZlh _^bgkl\_g ªkfbkte© b ih^^tj`Zg_lh gZ lZab \Zeb^ghkl ba]e_`^Z dZlh qh\_rdh ª]hkih^kl\h© ih a_fgZlZ l\tj^´ iZd lZf <
hlqm`^_gZlZ l_ogbdZ mkiyeZ ^Z ij_\tjg_ ^hjb kZfby qh\_d \ l_ogbq_kdh
ijhba\_^_gb_gZkZfbyk_[_kb\eZkl\Z³km[_dlb\ghklZ´ \kemqZygZa^jZ\_lhlZab
km[_dlb\ghkl k_ ij_^klZ\y dZlh aZ[jZ\yg_ b hldtk\Zg_ gZ WHYFQK-lh gZ
e_qbl_ekl\hlh hl kh[kl\_gby IXYVL gZ a^jZ\_lh ³LZdZ ªkm[_dlb\ghkllZ© g_ _
ij_h^heygZ Z kZfh ªmkihdh_gZ© \t\ ª\_q_g gZij_^td©´ iZd lZf e_qbl_ekl\hlh
ijb gZr_lh jZa]e_`^Zg_ _ klZgZeh kZfhp_e Z g_ kZfh kj_^kl\h baoh`^Zsh hl ktsghkllZ gZ qh\_dZ b gZkhq_gh dtf lh\Z ^Z ]h ih^tj`Z a^jZ\ b ^Z ]h e_dm\Z \
kemqZcq_aZ[he__H[sZlZkt\_klgZe_dZjbiZpb_gl\kfbkteZh[kt^_gih-]hj_ k_ jZap_i\Z gZ ^\_ g_aZ\bkbfb b ^hjb \tafh`gh ijhlb\hihklZ\_gb qZklb
BaijZ\_gb kf_ kydZr ij_^ kblmZpby dh]Zlh bfZf_ g_ kZfh ^\_ kt\_klb gh b ^\_
_lbdb _^gZ gZ iZpb_glZ b ^jm]Z gZ e_dZjy b lh ijb lh\Z g_jy^dh \ebaZsb \ dhgnebdl
LZdZfh`_^Zk_hq_jlZ_h[sijbgpbi_gih^oh^aZhkfbkeyg_bihgydh]ZaZ
j_rZ\Zg_ gZ ijh[e_fbl_ gZ _lbdZlZ \ a^jZ\_hiZa\Zg_lh ^Z k_ \taklZgh\y\Z
_^bgkl\hlh gZ e_dZjy b gZ iZpb_glZ gZ lyogZlZ kt\_kl gZ l_ogbl_ _lbq_kdb
ihabpbb ijb dh_lh \h^_sbyl ijbgpbi _ ltdfh ³a^jZ\_hiZa\Zg_lh´ l_ [md\Zegh hiZa\Zg_lhgZa^jZ\_lh
<aZdexq_gb_[bobkdZe^ZihkhqZgZc-ZdlmZegbim[ebdZpbb ke_^]
ihf_^bpbgkdZ_lbdZbhlghkgh_lbq_kdbyZki_dlgZgydhb\ta]e_^bgZOZc^_]_j\
dhblh fh]Zl ^Z k_ kj_sgZl ZgZeh]bqgb b^_b (Tauber 2001, Willberg 2003, Hyde 2001).
E_dZjyl b fZdZj b ^Z kih^_eyl _^gh b kts [blb_-\-k\_lZ aZ_fZl jZaebqgb
lhqdbgZi_jki_dlb\Z\debgbqgZlZkj_sZLyoghlh_^bgkl\hljy[\Z^Zk_\b^bdZlh
ihkl_i_ggh kt_^bgy\Zg_ gZ jZaebqgbl_ kfbkeh\b ohjbahglb gZ e_dZjy b gZ
iZpb_glZqj_abgl_jij_lZpbyb^bZeh] Svenaeus 2001: 153-155).Ijb\ebqZg_lhgZ nbehkhnbylZbbah[shgZ^moh\ghkllZ_aZ^te`bl_eghZdh`_eZ_f^Zij_o\tjebf
nhdmkZ gZ jZa]e_`^Zg_ hl f_^bpbgkdZlZ l_ogbdZ gZ e_dZjy dtf kljZ^Zgb_lh gZ iZpb_glZkt\_kllZgZe_dZjyb\aZbfhhlghr_gb_lhe_dZj-iZpb_gl Evans 2003).
³Bg^b\b^mZegbyl Dasein” fh`_ ^Z k_ jZa[_j_ dZlh kt\_kl Ijb\_`^Z k_
^jm]hfyklhhlOZc^_]_jaZkthlghr_gb_lhgZIURYQKVL bVRILYD qj_a:jbklhl_eh\
ijbf_jhlf_^bpbgZlZ ^Zk_baihea\ZIURYQKVLijZdlbq_kdhlhmf_gb_ _dZlh^Zk_
baihea\Z f_^bpbgZ beb f_^bpbgkdh agZgb_ aZ e_dm\Zg_ aZ \taklZgh\y\Zg_ gZ ktklhygb_lh gZ a^jZ\_ gh VRILYD _ kjh^gZ gZ kZfhlh a^jZ\_ ly gyfZ p_e aZshlh
kZfZlZly_ktklhygb_ Elden 2006: 58-60). EBL?J:LMJ:
I_gq_\<)XYVL \jZ[hlbl_gZOZc^_]_jaZOvhe^_jebg– Nbehkhnby, 3, 1418. Elden, S. 2006. Speaking Against Number: Heidegger, Language, and the Politics of Calculation. Edinburgh: Iniversity Press. Evans, R. 2003. Patient centred medicine: reason, emotion, and human spirit? Some philsophical reflections on being with patients. – Journal of Medical Ethics. Vol. 29, pp. 8-15. Heidegger, M. 1978. Vom Wesen und Begriff der )XYVL. Aristoteles, Physik B, 1. – In: (ders.) Wegmarken. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostremann. Heidegger, M. 1993. Sein und Zeit. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. Hyde, M. 2001. The Call of Conscience: Heidegger and Levinas, Rhetoric and the Euthasia Debate. University of South Carolina Press. Svenaeus, F. 2001. The Hermeneutics of Medicine and the Phenomenology of Health: Steps Towards a Philosophy of Medical Practice. Dordrecht/ Boston/ London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Tauber, A. 2001. From the Self to the Other: Building a Philosophy of Medicine. – In: Meta Medical Ethics: The Philosophical Foundations of Bioethics (ed. M. Grodin). Dordrecht/ Boston/ London: Springer, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 157-196. Wilberg, P. 2003. Heidegger, Medicine, and Scientific Method. The Unheeded Message of the Zollikon Seminars. New Gnosis.
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