Computer Assignment... To Mr. Odnan

Assignment In Computer Submitted by:

Roilane Vyb Ivor Cruz Submitted to:

Mr. Fernando Eslabra a). Basic Input Output System (BIOS)

=> The basic Input Output System (BIOS) chip control the most basic functions of the computers and performs a self test everytime you turn it on. => In IBM PC Compatible computers, the basic input/output system (BIOS)[1] , also known as the System BIOS, is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface.[2] => The BIOS is boot firmware, designed to be the first code run by a PC when powered on. The initial function of the BIOS is to identify, test, and initialize system devices such as the video display card, hard disk, floppy disk and other hardware. The BIOS sets the machine hardware into a known state, so that software stored on compatible media can be loaded, executed, and given control of the PC.[3] This process is known as booting, or booting up, which is short for bootstrapping. => BIOS programs are stored on a chip and are built to work with various devices that make up the complementary chipset of the system. They provide a small library of basic input/output functions that can be called to operate and control the peripherals such as the keyboard, text display functions and so forth. In the IBM PC and AT, certain peripheral cards such as hard-drive controllers and video display adapters carried their own BIOS extension ROM, which provided additional functionality. Operating systems and executive software, designed to supersede this basic firmware functionality, will provide replacement software interfaces to applications.

b) Chip A small piece of semiconducting material (usually silicon) on which an integrated circuit is embedded. A typical chip is less than ¼-square inches and can contain millions of electronic components (transistors). Computers consist of many chips placed on electronic boards called printed circuit boards. There are different types of chips. For example, CPU chips (also called microprocessors) contain an entire processing unit, whereas memory chips contain blank memory.

c) Northbridge and Southbridge Interface

=> A chipset capable of coordinating a north bridge and a south bridge for power saving, the chipset comprising: a north bridge comprising: a first signal port; a snoopmodule; a first open-drained circuit coupled to the first signal port; and a first indicator module coupled to the snoop module and the first open-drained circuit; a south bridge comprising: a second signal port; a control module; a secondopen-drained circuit coupled to the second signal port; and a second indicator module coupled to the control module and the second open-drained circuit; and a connected indicator wire for performing a logic operation so as to generate a stateadjustment signal for controlling operation states of the north bridge and south bridge according to a first indicating signal output from the first signal port and a second indicating signal output from the second signal port.

d) PCs Input Output System

e) Slots => An opening in a computer where you can insert a printed circuit board. Slots are often called expansion slots because they allow you to expand the capabilities of a computer. The boards you insert in expansion slots are called expansion boards or addon boards. Do not confuse slots with bays. Bays are sites within the computer where you can install disk drives. Typically, slots are in the back of the computer and bays are in the front.

f) Plugs, Connectors and Ports Plugs => A connector used to link together devices.  An object, such as a cork or a wad of cloth, used to fill a hole tightly; a stopper.  A dense mass of material that obstructs a passage.  A fitting, commonly with two metal prongs for insertion in a fixed socket, used to connect an appliance to a power supply.  A spark plug. Connectors

 To join to or by means of a communications circuit  To join or fasten together.  The part of a cable that plugs into a port or interface to connect one device to another. Most connectors are either male (containing one or more exposed pins) or fem) In database management, a pointer or link between two data structures. (electronics) A switch, or relay group system, which finds the telephone line being called as a result of digits being dialed; it also causes interrupted ringing voltage to be placed on the called line or of returning a busy tone to the calling party if the line is busy. (engineering) A detachable device for connecting electrical conductors. A metal part for joining timbers. A symbol on a flowchart indicating that the flow jumps to a different location on the chart. ale (containing holes in which the male connector can be inserted). Ports  A place on a waterway with facilities for loading and unloading ships. An interface on a computer to which you can connect a device. Personal computers have various types of ports. Internally, there are several ports for connecting disk drives, display screens, and keyboards. Externally, personal computers have ports for connecting modems, printers, mice, and other peripheral devices. Almost all personal computers come with a serial RS-232C port or RS-422 port for connecting a modem or mouse and a parallel port for connecting a printer. On PCs, the parallel port is a Centronics interface that uses a 25-pin connector. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) ports support higher transmission speeds than do conventional ports and enable you to attach up to seven devices to the same port.  In TCP/IP and UDP networks, an endpoint to a logical connection. The port number identifies what type of port it is. For example, port 80 is used for HTTP traffic. Also see Well-Known TCP Port Numbers in the Quick Reference section of Webopedia.