Community-based Learning
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Community-Based Learning: Youth Apprenticeship and Service-Learning
Ivan Borja April 5, 2007
• Who has participated in a real-life learning experience (internships, community service…)?
• Who has participated in a real-life learning experience (internships, community service…)? • Why did I decide to participate in this particular type of experience?
• Who has participated in a real-life learning experience (internships, community service…)? • Why did I decide to participate in this particular type of experience? • Who believes that learning experience went beyond the classroom?
Outline •
Community Based Learning Definition and Foundations Examples Learning Strategies Expected Outcomes Advantages / Barriers
•
Youth Apprenticeship Characteristics Stephen Hamilton Advantages and Barriers
•
Service Learning Characteristics
•
Youth Apprenticeship vs Service Learning
•
Key References
•
Q&A
“In my community experience, I went from learning what something is, to applying it to real life….. I had a chance to work with some neat people who let me try out things for myself. The mentor really seemed to care about me as a person…..” -A Student
Community Based Learning
• “The broad set of teaching/learning strategies that enable youth and adults to learn what they want to learn from any segment of the community” (Owens & Wang, 1996)
Foundations 1. Education as a continuum from preschool through lifelong education for adults. 2. Learning is what we do for ourselves. 3. Education should include critical thinking, teamwork, and the ability to apply knowledge. 4.Adults need to be involved in community affairs. 5. Involvement of schools, family, business, labor, the community, and other agencies is essential. 6. Empowerment of teachers, schools and communities.
Examples • Service-Learning • Experience Based Career Education • Cooperative Education • Tech Prep • School-to-Work • Youth Apprenticeship
Learning Strategies • Community Based Learning is a way of life, not a teaching effort • The driving force is the work to be done • There is a temporal ordering of skill acquisition • Bodily performance and embodied knowledge are visible • Standards of performance and evaluation of competence are implicit and often internalized by the learner
Expected Outcomes • “…there is growing emphasis on application of facts in problem solving and relating facts to life outside the school…” (Blum, 1995) • Government Initiatives: GOALS 2000: Ecuadte America Act Scans Report: Achieving Necessary Skills
• Conrad and Hedin (1989): Personal Growth and Development Intellectual Development and Academic Learning Social Growth and Development
Advantages and Barriers • •
Young people gets to know and trust and adult Gaining career knowledge
•
Mentorship
•
Creative
•
Outcomes fragmentation
•
Older paradigms of education
•
Failure to recognize the importance of applying knowledge to real-world situations
•
Lack of commitment
•
Costly: time, effort and expenses
Youth Apprenticeship • “Involving workplaces as learning environments, creating opportunities for mentor relationships to provide adult roles, and developing the high levels of academic and vocacional skills being sought by employers” (Hamilton, 1990) • Hamilton´s study of apprenticeships (Germany) School to Work Opportunities Act of 1994
• Examples: Job Corps, Summer Training and Education Program, Experienced-Based Career Education..
Stephen Hamilton •
Education: Ed.D. 1975 - Harvard University - Learning Environments M.A.T. 1969 - Harvard University - Social Studies B.A. 1967 - Swarthmore College – History
•
Current Position: Professor of Humand Development / Associate Director, Family Life Development Center/ Associate Provost for Outreach Cornell University Ithaca NY Phone: (607) 255-8394 / (607) 255-3956 Fax: (607) 255-3769 Email: [email protected]
•
Publications: Apprenticeship for Adulthood: Preparing Youth for the Future (1990) The Youth Development Handbook: Coming of Age in American Communities (2004)
•
Links: http://www.human.cornell.edu/che/bio.cfm?netid=sfh3 http://www.human.cornell.edu/youthinsociety
Advantages and Barriers •
Prevent poorly trained people from entering skilled crafts
•
Are generally restricted to a small number of participants
•
Provide ideal job-related training
•
May restrict applicants by race or gender
•
Allow tranees to support themselves
•
Develop narrowly specific skills
•
Give quick feedback
Murphy, T. (2007)
Tell me, and I will forget; show me, and I may remember; involve me, and I will understand. Chinese Proverb
Service Learning • “A teaching/learning method that connects meaningful community service experiences with academic learning, personal growth, and civic responsibility” (Poulsen, 1994) • National and Community Service Act of 1990 • National and Community Service Trust Act of 1994 To create opportunities for young people To involve young people in improving comunities To achieve personal and social development
Youth Apprenticeship vs Service Learning Youth Apprenticeship
Service-Learning
Primary Intended Beneficiary
Provider
Recipient and Provider
Primary Focus
Learning
Service and Learning
Intended Educational Purposes
Career and Academic Development
Academic and Civic Development
Integration with Curriculum
Co-curricular / Supplemental
Integrated
Nature of Service Based on an Activity Industry or Career Furco, A. (2002)
Based on an Academic Discipline
Key References • Hamilton, S. F. Apprenticeship for Adulthood: Preparing Youth for the Future. New York: The Free Press, 1990. • http ://www.human.cornell.edu/che/bio.cfm?netid=sfh3 • http://www.human.cornell.edu/youthinsociety • http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/10/t008.html • http://www.wcu.edu/studentd/service_learning/
Q&A Thanks!
Ivan Borja April 5, 2007
• Who has participated in a real-life learning experience (internships, community service…)?
• Who has participated in a real-life learning experience (internships, community service…)? • Why did I decide to participate in this particular type of experience?
• Who has participated in a real-life learning experience (internships, community service…)? • Why did I decide to participate in this particular type of experience? • Who believes that learning experience went beyond the classroom?
Outline •
Community Based Learning Definition and Foundations Examples Learning Strategies Expected Outcomes Advantages / Barriers
•
Youth Apprenticeship Characteristics Stephen Hamilton Advantages and Barriers
•
Service Learning Characteristics
•
Youth Apprenticeship vs Service Learning
•
Key References
•
Q&A
“In my community experience, I went from learning what something is, to applying it to real life….. I had a chance to work with some neat people who let me try out things for myself. The mentor really seemed to care about me as a person…..” -A Student
Community Based Learning
• “The broad set of teaching/learning strategies that enable youth and adults to learn what they want to learn from any segment of the community” (Owens & Wang, 1996)
Foundations 1. Education as a continuum from preschool through lifelong education for adults. 2. Learning is what we do for ourselves. 3. Education should include critical thinking, teamwork, and the ability to apply knowledge. 4.Adults need to be involved in community affairs. 5. Involvement of schools, family, business, labor, the community, and other agencies is essential. 6. Empowerment of teachers, schools and communities.
Examples • Service-Learning • Experience Based Career Education • Cooperative Education • Tech Prep • School-to-Work • Youth Apprenticeship
Learning Strategies • Community Based Learning is a way of life, not a teaching effort • The driving force is the work to be done • There is a temporal ordering of skill acquisition • Bodily performance and embodied knowledge are visible • Standards of performance and evaluation of competence are implicit and often internalized by the learner
Expected Outcomes • “…there is growing emphasis on application of facts in problem solving and relating facts to life outside the school…” (Blum, 1995) • Government Initiatives: GOALS 2000: Ecuadte America Act Scans Report: Achieving Necessary Skills
• Conrad and Hedin (1989): Personal Growth and Development Intellectual Development and Academic Learning Social Growth and Development
Advantages and Barriers • •
Young people gets to know and trust and adult Gaining career knowledge
•
Mentorship
•
Creative
•
Outcomes fragmentation
•
Older paradigms of education
•
Failure to recognize the importance of applying knowledge to real-world situations
•
Lack of commitment
•
Costly: time, effort and expenses
Youth Apprenticeship • “Involving workplaces as learning environments, creating opportunities for mentor relationships to provide adult roles, and developing the high levels of academic and vocacional skills being sought by employers” (Hamilton, 1990) • Hamilton´s study of apprenticeships (Germany) School to Work Opportunities Act of 1994
• Examples: Job Corps, Summer Training and Education Program, Experienced-Based Career Education..
Stephen Hamilton •
Education: Ed.D. 1975 - Harvard University - Learning Environments M.A.T. 1969 - Harvard University - Social Studies B.A. 1967 - Swarthmore College – History
•
Current Position: Professor of Humand Development / Associate Director, Family Life Development Center/ Associate Provost for Outreach Cornell University Ithaca NY Phone: (607) 255-8394 / (607) 255-3956 Fax: (607) 255-3769 Email: [email protected]
•
Publications: Apprenticeship for Adulthood: Preparing Youth for the Future (1990) The Youth Development Handbook: Coming of Age in American Communities (2004)
•
Links: http://www.human.cornell.edu/che/bio.cfm?netid=sfh3 http://www.human.cornell.edu/youthinsociety
Advantages and Barriers •
Prevent poorly trained people from entering skilled crafts
•
Are generally restricted to a small number of participants
•
Provide ideal job-related training
•
May restrict applicants by race or gender
•
Allow tranees to support themselves
•
Develop narrowly specific skills
•
Give quick feedback
Murphy, T. (2007)
Tell me, and I will forget; show me, and I may remember; involve me, and I will understand. Chinese Proverb
Service Learning • “A teaching/learning method that connects meaningful community service experiences with academic learning, personal growth, and civic responsibility” (Poulsen, 1994) • National and Community Service Act of 1990 • National and Community Service Trust Act of 1994 To create opportunities for young people To involve young people in improving comunities To achieve personal and social development
Youth Apprenticeship vs Service Learning Youth Apprenticeship
Service-Learning
Primary Intended Beneficiary
Provider
Recipient and Provider
Primary Focus
Learning
Service and Learning
Intended Educational Purposes
Career and Academic Development
Academic and Civic Development
Integration with Curriculum
Co-curricular / Supplemental
Integrated
Nature of Service Based on an Activity Industry or Career Furco, A. (2002)
Based on an Academic Discipline
Key References • Hamilton, S. F. Apprenticeship for Adulthood: Preparing Youth for the Future. New York: The Free Press, 1990. • http ://www.human.cornell.edu/che/bio.cfm?netid=sfh3 • http://www.human.cornell.edu/youthinsociety • http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/10/t008.html • http://www.wcu.edu/studentd/service_learning/
Q&A Thanks!
