Comm Presentation Child Labor

Presented by:• • • • •

Garima Ruhi Ankupriya Chandan Avish

-4566 -4562 -4564 -4598 -4597

ABOUT CHILD LABOR •

The term Child Labor is used for employment of children below a certain age, which is considered illegal by law and custom.

•

Today Child labor is considered as human rights issue, and has become an issue of public dispute.

•

Stats from ILO (International Labor Organization) states that about 218 million children between the age of 5 and 17 are working all over the world.

• Child labor includes work which are tedious and repetitive like weaving carpets, assembling boxes, polishing shoes, cleaning and arranging a shops goods.

What is Child Labor ? • Child labor is done by any working child who is under the age specified by law. • Children’s work full time commercial work to sustain self or add to the family income. • Child labor is a hazard to child’s mental, physical, social, educational, emotional, and spiritual development.

• According to the rules of ILO it is important for all the countries to set a minimum age for employment. • The rules of ILO written in convention C-138 has made provisions for the countries to set the minimum age of employment that is till the age of 15.

Child Labor Today. • According to ILO and other agencies 73 million children between 10 to 14 years of age are employed in economic activities all over the world. • In Africa 23.6%(23.6 million) of its children’s are working which is the highest rate. • In Asia 44.6 million or 13% of its children are working as labors. • And in Central America it is 9.8%, that is about 5.1 million children.

Child Labor in Some Countries • • • • • • •

KENYA INDIA BANGLADESH CHINA PAKISTAN TURKEY EGYPT

41.3% 14.4% 30.1% 11.6% 17.7% 24% 11.2%

• • • • • • •

NIGERIA SENEGAL ARGENTINA BRAZIL MEXICO ITALY PORTUGAL

25.8% 31.4% 4.5% 16.1% 6.7% 0.4% 1.8%

Child Labor in INDIA • In India there are 20 million child laborers working in carpet making, glass blowing, fireworks, and construction sites. • In Northern India children's work in carpet weaving industries under very unhygienic conditions. • Children in rural families who are ailing with poverty perceive their children as an income generating resource to supplement the family income.

• Bonded labor traps the growing child in a hostage like condition for years. • There is no access to proper education in the remote areas of rural India for most people, which leaves the children with no choice.

Causes of Child Labor. • The most common causes of child labor are poverty, parental illiteracy, social apathy, ignorance, lack of education and exposure. • Absence of compulsory education at primary levels, parental ignorance regarding the bad effects of child labor. • Poverty and overpopulation are the most highlighted causes.

• Industrial revolution has also had a negative effect by giving rise to circumstances which encourages child labor. • Children’s who are orphaned or are abandoned are more prone to these exploitations.

Child Labour Policies in India There are specific clauses in the draft of Indian constitution dated 26th Jan 1950, abut the child labor policy in India.  (Article 14) “No child below the age of 14 years shall be employed to work in any factory, mine or hazardous employment”.  (Article 39-E) “The state shall direct it’s policy towards securing the health and strength of workers, men, women and the tender age of children are not abused and they are not forced by economic necessity to enter vocations unsuited to there health and strength”.

 (Article 39-f) “Children shall be given opportunities ad facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth shall be protected against moral and material abandonment”.  (Article 45) “The state shall endeavor to provide within a period of ten years from the commencement of the constitution for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of 14 years”.

Bonded Child Labor in India • It is one of the age old practice in India. • In this the child is sold to the loaner like a commodity for a certain period of time. • It is prevailing in many parts of rural India. • The parents of the bonded child is usually poor, uneducated, who have to compromise on their children’s.

Indian Silk Industry and Child Labor. • T.N, U.P, Karnataka, are the states where the children’s work as bonded labors in silk industries. • Children’s work for 12 hours a day, and seven days a week.

• These children while working in silk factories breathe smoky fumes which causes severe lung problems in them. • They have to dip their hands in boiling water which causes blisters, they handle dead worms which causes infection, twisting thread injures their fingers.

Child Labor in Indian Sweet Shops. • These shops function quietly and illegally as household industries making little children toil for long hours on low wages. • Children’s working in these shops work for long hours and suffer from exertion and fatigue. • Children’s working in these shops mainly hail from U.P, Bihar, and Nepal.

• Most of the children working in these sector are not paid more than 300 to 800 monthly. • The shop owners bully and torture the children working in their shop to make them work for long hours.

Stop Child Labor. Certain steps are need to be taken to stop child labor. • Projects related with human resource development, dedicated to the child welfare issues must be given top priority by the central and state governments to stop the menace of child labor. • Child labor laws need to be strictly implemented at the central and state levels. • Corruption and negligence in child labor offices and employee circles should be dealt with very strictly by the judiciary and the police force.

• To counter the real situation called child labor and save little humans from abuse at a tender age, the government should be compelled to provide compulsory and free education to all children up to the age of fourteen years.

CONCLUSION • The future of a community is in the well being of its children. The above fact is beautifully expressed by Wordsworth in his famous lines “child is father of the man”. • Concerned about the future of its children India has implemented a country- wide ban recently, on children below fourteen working in the hospitality sector and as domestics. • In the end ,if we want to save our world’s future we need to make our children’s future secure. The venerable Indian poet Rabindranth Tagore has said time and again, that every country is absolutely bound by its duty to provide free primary education to its children. It is important to remember that industrialization can afford to wait but youth cannot be captured for long.

A PRESENTATION BY:GARIMA RUHI ANKUPRIYA CHANDAN AVISH