Colonization Presentation

Colonialism Sarah Bowman, Stephanie Croft, Jaden Douville

Outline Summary of Article Class Questions about the articles Questions for groups to circulate through Closing food for thought

Summary of Article 1 -Prior to colonialism, Canada was home to over 2 million First Nations people -Colonialism altered the First Nations way of life -Language used now suggests negative connotations: “Lazy” was used to describe First Nations who did not hunt for fur -Relocation of First Nations people from specific areas of land with little compensation -1873, RCMP was created to help all people, especially First Nations

-Government denied First Nations from farming for export “Treaties remain a signature of colonial policies that forced First Nations into the role of a domestic dependant nation.” -On reserves, conditions are described as “third world” by the United Nations -Indian act led to control, not development

Summary of Colonialism and its impacts ●

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Colonialism can be defined as a policy or set of policies and practices where a political power from one territory exerts control in a different territory which results in an unequal power relation. Colonialism thrived between the 1400’s and the 1800’s as European countries took over Americas to gain access to resources such as gold, silver, furs and etc. Colonizers took a hold of North America and seized Indigenous land for the extraction of resources. They believed that it was ‘empty’ land and it was free to be taken and exploited. The Indigenous people were displaced from their traditional territories and pushed onto reservations with the signing of treaties.

Doctrine of Discovery ●

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Was a declaration from the Vatican that was used to justify colonial nations’ rights to claim land that was ‘discovered’ by their explorers. This granted Spain the right to conquer any land they had ‘discovered.’ These documents failed to acknowledge that land had previously been used by Indigenous people for hunting, fishing, trapping and etc. and that they had already established their own cultures and languages.

Royal Proclamation ● ● ● ●

Indigenous Nations had titles to their lands, sovereignty and self-government. Treaties were the only ‘legal’ way for Indigenous people to release their land. Typically, Indigenous nations would surrender their land for benefits such as farm equipment, annual payments, ammunition, etc. Colonial settlers and the government wanted to exploit the resources that was on the land and treaties were a way to access the land and its resources.

During the 1800’s the Military and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police pushed the Indigenous people off of their land for the production of the railways.

Stages of Colonization in Canada Stage 1: Separate worlds (up to 1500 AD) ● ●

Indigenous and non-Indigenous societies developed on their own lands away from one another. Each had different cultures and their own forms of social organization

Stage 2: Contact and Cooperation (1500-1870) ● ●

As non-Indigenous population increased they looked for ways to co-exist. This was typically done with trading and military alliances. Mutual tolerance and respect between the two groups

Stage 3: Displacement and Assimilation (1871 to 1969) ● ● ●

The non-Indigenous population was larger and also more dominant They had stopped respecting their Indigenous neighbours and started to intervene on the Indigenous lives and their land. Policies were set up towards Canadian mainstream.

Stage 4: Negotiation and Renewal (1970 to Present) ●

There is recognition that assimilation was a failure and they wanted to change the relationship.

Article Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

With the Royal Proclamation do you think that the treaties were a fair trade off? If you were First Nations how would you respond to colonization? Would you just accept the treaties? Or would you go about it a different way? Do you think the RCMP helped the First Nations people as they were intended to? What was the social, psychological and economic problems that came out of colonization for First Nations? (Vice versa: how about for non-natives?) ** What were the positives of Colonization?** *Please note this is a Devil's Advocate question*

Group Questions Q- 1. From a First Nations perspective, what is colonization? Q- 2. Knowing what you know now if you could go back and live through the past what would you change or try to do? Would going back as far as when the Europeans came to Canada do anything to change history? Q- 3. How do you feel when you hear that the United Nations describes living situations on Reservations as “Third World”? Q -4. From a First Nations perspective, how has colonization impacted their people? Q- 5. How do you get students to understand how these people felt rather than just teaching students a story of their hardships?

How many of you knew this information already? Major takeaways from the articles? Calvin introduced values and now we are introduced to new values, how does this affect our knowledge on world views? How has the world view changed now? Their way of life was disrupted -mimic white people, telling them what to do. Weath, possessions, divide. Compare then and now, why they are at where they are today. Overall, colonialism was negative Our job as teachers is to help bridge the gap for student learnings, understand what happened and how we can learn from it

Notes from Don after class. Colonization was a new way of life of natives, lost a lot with forced assimilation, lost their language and lands (trying to get them back). In the states they are far more advanced (native colleges, native universities) cost of this modernization= loss of their cultures. They opened the land up for non natives to buy the land on the reservations. Language is still super important to them. So how do we bring this into the school system when we’re teaching? Bring elders in, school liaisons, talk to administrator. We have the right to talk about these things, use the information that we talked about in class. Keep in mind that ALL nations are different.