Cmocfinal.pdf

COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM (CMOC) FOR INDIA

FIRST DRAFT DATED -16-06-2009 Additional Information Dated 18-08-2009

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Dear Optometry Friends, Greetings from members of Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum development team. It is with utmost sincerity and dedication; we hereby would like to share the first draft of the Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum for India to you all. It was on January 25th 2008, the team of like minded people came together at Elite School of Optometry, Chennai to initiate the much needed Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum for India. Since then every three months the team met in different places and brainstormed on the essential courses, objective, description, and course contents. Please give your open comments to the below contact person either through email/normal mailing/ telephone. You can also access the softcopy of the First draft of CMOC for India from Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry (ASCO) website. Thanking you, For CMOC Team Dr. R Krishna Kumar Elite School of Optometry 8; GST Road, St Thomas Mount, Chennai – 600 016 Email : [email protected] Mobile: 098403 12791 LAN Phone: 044 – 2234 6023

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--3-Members of Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum 1. Dr. R Krishna Kumar Principal, Elite School of Optometry 8, GST Road, St Thomas Mount, Chennai – 600 016 Email : [email protected] Mobile: 098403 12791 LAN Phone: 044 – 2234 6023 2. Mr. Aditya Goyal In- Charge – Optometry programme Sri Jayendra Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, #1, 3rd cross street, Sri Sankara Nagar, Pammal, Chennai – 600075 Email: [email protected] Mobile: 09381053158 Land Phone: 044 22484799/5299 3. Dr. L Srinivasa Varadharajan Assistant Professor Elite School of Optometry 8, GST Road, St Thomas Mount, Chennai – 600 016 Email : [email protected] LAN Phone: 044 – 2232 1835

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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4. Ms. Prema Chande Principal, Lotus College of Optometry Mumbai Email : [email protected] 5. Prof. De Jong Coen Bausch & Lomb School of Optometry Kismatpur, Hyderabad 6. Prof. Dipti Gogate Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College School of Optometry Katraj- Dhanakawadi, Pune, Satara Road, Pune – 411 043 BVP, Pune Email :[email protected] Mobile: 09422504206 7. Ms. Kunda Ganatra President Indian Optometric Association Mumbai Email:[email protected]

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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8. Mr. Vivek Mendonsa President Association of Schools & Colleges of Optometry (ASCO) Lawrence & Mayo House, 274, Dr. D. N. Road, Fort, Mumbai – 400 001. Mobile: 098 202 888 17 Email: [email protected] LAN Phone: 022 – 2207 7440 / 2201 2358 9. Mr. Yeshwant Saoji Educational Representative Indian optometric Association Nagpur 10. Ms. Lakshmi Shinde Coordinator – IACLE & ICEE Asia Pacific region

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--6-List of Contributors Sr. No 1

Biochemistry I & II

Mr. Aditya Goyal

2

General Anatomy

Mr. Aditya Goyal

3 4

General Physiology Ocular Anatomy

Mr. Aditya Goyal Mr. Aditya Goyal

5 6

Ocular Physiology Geometrical Optics I & II

Mr. Aditya Goyal Dr. L Srinivasa Varadharajan

7

Course

Physical Optics

8

Optometric Optics -I & II

9

Microbiology

10

Pathology

Authors

Dr. L Srinivasa Varadharajan

Mr. Prasant Sawant Ms. Anjali

Dr. S Krishna Kumar Faculty, Elite School of Optometry

Reviewer Dr. K.N. Sulochana Ph.D. Professor and Head Biochemistry Research Dept Vision Research Foundation Sankara Nethralaya 18, College Road Chennai . 600 006. Phone: 044-28271616 (Extn. 1315) Fax: 044-28254180 Email: [email protected] Dr. R Krishna Kumar Principal, Elite School of Optometry Dr. R Krishna Kumar Principal, Elite School of Optometry Ms. Varuna Padmanabhan MS Was teaching Physical/ Geometrical Optics at School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley. Ms. Revathy ESO Alumnus, At present working in Sankara Nethralaya Ms. Varuna Padmanabhan MS Was teaching Physical/ Geometrical Optics at School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley. Ms. Revathy ESO Alumnus, At present working in Sankara Nethralaya Ms. Rashima , Faculty, Optometric optics, Elite School of Optometry Dr. Mrs. Padmini Sathe BHMS, PGDPC Dr. Padmini Sathe BHMS, PGDPC

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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Visual Optics I & II

12 13

Contact Lens I & II Geriatric Optometry

14 15

Binocular Vision I and II Paediatric Optometry

16

Public Health & Community Optometry

17

Low Vision Aids

Miss. Mithali Kamat, Assistant Lecturer, B.V.P. School of Optometry, Pune. Mr. Nagesh Mr. Vishakh Nair Associate Professor, BVP School of optometry Prof. Dipti Gogate Mr. Vishakh Nair Associate Professor, BVP School of optometry Dr.R.R.Sudhir, M.B.B.S.,D.O.,D.N. B.,M.P.H (Johns Hopkins, USA) Head Dept of Preventive Ophthalmology, Consultant Cornea Services, Consultant Incharge Electronic Medical Records, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical and Vision Research Foundation, 18 College Road, Nugambakkam, Chennai- 600 006, Tel : +91-4428271616 ; Fax : +91-44-28254180 email: rrsudhir@ya hoo.com ; [email protected] Prof .Dipti Gogate Mr. Vishakh Nair Associate Professor, BVP School of optometry

Ms. Prema Chande Principal, Lotus Collage of Optometry Mr. Aditya Goyal Rizwana Pediatric Optometrist Sankara Nethralaya Faculty, Elite School of Optometry

Dr. R Krishna Kumar

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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Occupational Optometry

19

Systemic Disease

20

Nutrition

21 22

Optometric Instruments Pharmacology

23

Ocular Disease I & II

24 25

CEVS Dispensing Optics

26

Clinical Training

Prof. Dipti Gogate Mr. Vishakh Nair Associate Professor, BVP School of optometry Dr. R Krishna Kumar Dr. R Krishna Kumar Dr. R Krishna Kumar Dr R Krishna Kumar Ms. Prema Chande Mr. Prasant Sawant Mrs Anjali Dr. R Krishna Kumar Mr. Aditya Goyal Ms. Prema Chande

Dr .R Krishna Kumar

Dr. R Krishna Kumar

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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Acknowledgements To

•

Prof. Jay M Enoch, Dean, Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley

•

Dr. S Meenakshi, Director, Academics, Sankara Nethralaya

•

Dr. Vivek A Saoji, Dean, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Medical College, Pune

•

Dr. S S Badrinath, Chairman, Emeritus, Sankara Nethralaya

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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Definition for Optometry (from CMOC perspective) : “Optometry is a health care profession that is autonomous and optometrists are primary health care practitioners of the eye and visual system who provide comprehensive eye and vision care, which includes refraction and dispensing, detection/diagnosis and co-management of disease in the eye and the rehabilitation of conditions of the visual system”

Role of an Optometrist: Primary eye care (Diagnosis /referral), Vision care (Contact lens, Refraction, Low Vision, Binocular vision services), Co- Management of diseases (Referral and Follow-up).

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--11-COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM FOR INDIA ( Four year Degree programme) Eligibility : Higher Secondary with Physics/Chemistry/ Maths or Biology, and minimum 60% marks in each of the above subjects in the final examination Year Courses First Semester General Anatomy General Physiology Basic Biochemistry I Nutrition Geometrical Optics - I Third Semester Ocular Microbiology Optometric optics- I Visual optics - I Optometric Instruments Ocular Diseases - I Clinical examination of Visual System Clinic - II Fifth Semester Contact lens - I Low Vision Aid Geriatric Optometry

Hours 32 (10) 45 (20) 27(20) 15 49 18 21 20 32 46 29

37(25) 21(6) 25

Hours Second Semester Basic Biochemistry II Ocular Anatomy Ocular Physiology Geometrical optics -II Physical optics Clinic - I Fourth Semester Optometric Optics -II Visual Optics - II Ocular Disease - II Basic Pharmacology Pathology Clinics - III Sixth Semester Contact Lens - II Binocular Vision - II Public Health and Community optometry Dispensing Optometry Occupational Optometry Clinics - V

Pediatric Optometry 30 Binocular Vision - I 29 Systemic Disease 57 Clinics- IV Clinical Internship - Seventh and Eight Semester

20(20) 39(10) 47(14) 45(20) 37(15) 37 27 46 24 20 68

30(25) 31 26 19 20 68

Note: Numbers in parenthesis is dedicated practical hours for different courses

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM B. S. OPTOMETRY FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy) COURSE NO COURSE NAME

: : General Anatomy

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in anatomy, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology 1) Course Description: General anatomy deals with the entire human anatomy with emphasis on different tissues, blood vessels, glands, nerves and the entire central nervous system in particular. 2) Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to: •

Comprehend the normal disposition, inter-relationships, gross, functional and applied anatomy of various structures in the human body.

•

Identify the microscopic structures of various tissues, and organs in the human body and correlate the structure with the functions.

•

Comprehend the basic structure and connections between the various parts of the central nervous system so as to analyze the integrative and regulative functions on the organs and systems.

3) Text Book: a) BD Chaurasia: Handbook of general Anatomy, Third edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1996 b) GJ Tortora, B Derrickson: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology,11th edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2007 4) Reference Book: No recommendation. It is left to the faculty

5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology or remedial biology

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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6) Course Outline: No. of hrs. 2

Lectures

Short MCQs

Skeleton System

3

Lecture

MCQs/Viva

3

Tissues of the Body: Epithelium, connective tissue, bone and cartilage, Embryology, histology, different types of each of them, types of cells, cellular differentiation and arrangements in different tissues

3

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

4

Muscles: Different types of muscles, their functional differentiation, their relationship with different structures, their neural supply

2

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

5

Blood vessels: Differentiation between arteries and veins, embryology, histology of both arteries and veins, Functional differences between the two, anatomical differences at different locations

3

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

6

Skin and appendages: Embryology, anatomical differences in different areas, functional and protective variations, innervations, relationship with muscles and nerves Lymphatic system: Embryology, functions, relationship with blood vessels and organs Glands: Embryology, different types of glands (exocrine and endocrine), functional differences, neural control of glands

2

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

1

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

2

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

Sr. No.

Topics

1

Introduction to Human Anatomy: Anatomy: Definition and its relevance in medicine and optometry Planes of the body, relationship of structures, organ system

2

7 8

Mode of teaching

Mode of Evaluation

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

notes,

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10

Nervous system: Parts of Nervous system, cell types of nervous system, Blood-brain barrier, Reflex arc, Peripheral Nerves, Spinal nerves, Nerve fibers, Autonomic Nervous system Brain and Cranial nerves: Major parts of Brain, Protective coverings of the Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebrum, Cranial nerves

3

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

6

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

Total Number of Hours

32

7. Reading Assignment: Encourage the students to develop the habit of referring books and submit written assignments. 8. Evaluation Schedule: Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

EC – III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

20 20

3 Hours 40

Written Exam

Practical: 10 Hours Practical demonstration of each organ using specimen. If specimen for certain organs are not available, then videos can be shown to make the student understand the anatomic structures.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM B. S. OPTOMETRY FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy) COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: General Physiology

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in physiology, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology 1) Course Description: General physiology deals with the entire human anatomy with emphasis on different organ systems, their physiological functions with special emphasis on blood and neuro physiology. 2) Course Objectives: At the end of the course the student will be able to: • • • •

Explain the normal functioning of various organ systems of the body and their interactions. Elucidate the physiological aspects of normal growth and development. Describe the physiological response and adaptations to environmental stresses. Know the physiological principles underlying pathogenesis of disease.

3) Text Book: • •

G J Tortora, B Derrickson: Principles of anatomy & physiology,11th edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc, New Jersey, 2007

4) Reference Book: •

AK Khurana, Indu Khurana: Anatomy and Physiology of Eye, Second edition,CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2006 • A C Guyton: Text book of Medical Physiology, 6th edition, saunders company, Japan, 1981 5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology or remedial biology

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--16-6) Course Outline: Sr. No.

Topics

1

Cell structure & organization Tissue organization Epithelium Connective tissue – Collagen fibers – Elastic fibers – Areolar fibers Cartilage – Bone Contractile tissue – striated – skeletal – cardiac – non striated – plain – myoepithelial General principles of cell physiology Physiology of skeletal muscle

2

BLOOD: Composition Volume measurement & variations Plasma proteins – classification & functions Red blood cells – development, morphology & measurements – functions & dysfunctions. White blood cells – development – classification, morphology – functions & dysfunctions Platelets – morphology – development, functions & dysfunctions Clotting – factors – mechanism – anticoagulants dysfunctions Blood grouping – classification – importance in transfusion, Rh factor & incompatibility Suspension stability Osmotic stability Reticulo endothelial system ¾ Spleen ¾ lymphatic tissue ¾ Thymus ¾ bone marrow ¾ immune system ¾ cellular ¾ Humoral ¾ autoimmune

No. of hrs.

10

Mode of teaching

Mode of Evaluation

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--17-3

DIGESTION: General arrangement Salivary digestion – functions & regulations Gastric digestion – functions & regulations Pancreatic digestion – functions & regulations Intestinal digestion – functions & regulations Liver & bile Absorption Motility Deglutition Vomiting Defecation Functions of large intestine Neurohumoral regulations of alimentary functions, summary

2

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

4

EXCRETION: Body fluids – distribution, measurement & exchange, Kidney – structure of nephron – mechanism of urine formation – composition of the urine and abnormal constituents – urinary bladder & micturition

2

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

5

ENDOCRINES: Hormone mechanism – negative feed backs – tropic action – permissive action – cellular action, hypothalamic regulation Thyroid - hormones, actions, regulations Adrenal cortex - hormones, actions, regulations Adrenal medulla – hormones, actions, regulations Parathyroid - hormones, actions, regulations Islets of pancreas – hormones, actions, regulations Miscellaneous _ hormones, actions, regulations Common clinical disorders

6

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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REPRODUCTION: Male reproductive system – control & regulation Female reproductive system – uterus – ovaries – menstrual cycle – regulation – pregnancy & delivery – breast – family planning

1

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

7

Respiration: Mechanics of respiration – pulmonary function tests – transport of respiratory gases- neural and chemical regulation of respiration – hypoxia, cyanosis, dyspnoea – asphyxia.

1

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

8

Circulation: General principles Heart: myocardium – innervation – transmission of cardiac impulseEvents during cardiac cycle – cardiac output. Peripheral circulation: peripheral resistances – arterial blood pressure – measurements – factors regulation variations – capillary circulation – venous circulation. Special circulation: coronary cerebral – miscellaneous

8

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

9

Environmental Physiology Body temperature regulation (including skin Physiology). Exposure to low and high atmospheric pressure

2

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

10

Nervous System: Neuron – Conduction of impulse – synapse – receptor. Sensory organization – pathways and perception Reflexes – cerebral cortex – functions. Thalamus – Basal ganglia Cerebellum. Hypothalamus. Autonomic nervous system – motor control of movements, posture and equilibrium – conditioned reflex, eye hand coordination

5

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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Special senses – (Elementary) Olfaction – Taste – Hearing

3

Total Number of Hours

45

Lectures

Short notes, MCQs

7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on the topic. This will develop the habit of referring books and journals among the students. 8) Evaluation Pattern: Evaluation Component (EC)

Duration

Maximum Marks

EC – I

1 hour

20

EC – II

1 Hour

20

EC – III

1 hour

20

Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

40

Remarks

Written Exam

Written Exam

9) Practicals (20 Hours) Blood test: • • • • • • • • • • •

Microscope Haemocytometer Blood RBC count Hb WBC count Differential Count Hematocrit demonstration ESR Blood group & Rh. Type Bleeding time and clotting time.

•

Test salivary digestions

Digestion:

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--20-Excretion: • • • • •

Examination of Urine Specific gravity Albumin Sugar Microscopic examination for cells and cysts

Endocrinology and Reproduction: • Dry experiments in the form of cases showing different endocrine disorders. Respiratory System: • Clinical examination of respiratory system • Spirometry • Breath holding test Cardio Vascular System: • Clinical examination of circulatory system • Measurement of blood pressure and pulse rate • Effect of exercise on blood pressure and pulse rate Central Nervous System: • Sensory system • Motor system • Cranial system • Superficial and deep reflexes

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--21-COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM B. S. OPTOMETRY FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy) COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Basic Biochemistry - I

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in biochemistry, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology 1) Course Description: This course will be taught in two consecutive semesters. Biochemistry I deals with the biochemical nature of carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, lipids etc. A detailed study of these, emphasizing on their chemical composition and their role in metabolism is the required aim of this course.

2) Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to: demonstrate his knowledge and understanding on:\ • • •

Structure, function and interrelationship of biomolecules and consequences of deviation from normal. Integration of the various aspects of metabolism, and their regulatory pathways. Principles of various conventional and specialized laboratory investigations and instrumentation, analysis and interpretation of a given data.

3) Text book: S. Ramakrishnan: Essentials of biochemistry and ocular biochemistry, Annamalai University Publications, Chidambaram, India, 1992 5) Reference Books: • S. Ramakrishnan, K G Prasannan and R Rajan: Text book of Medical Biochemistry, Orient Longman, Madras, 1990 • D.R. Whikehart: Biochemistry of the Eye, 2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Pennsylvania, 2003 5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level chemistry with good knowledge of organic chemistry.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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6) Course Outline: Sr.No.

Topics

No of hrs

Mode of teaching

Mode of Evaluation

Lectures

Short notes, MCQs

1

Carbohydrates: Glucose; fructose; galactose; lactose; sucrose; starch and glycogen (properties and tests, Structure and function)

6

2

Proteins: Amino acids, peptides, and proteins (general properties & tests with a few examples like glycine, trytophan, glutathione, albumin, hemoglobin, collagen)

6

3

Lipids: Fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated, cholesterol and triacyglycerol, phospholipids and plasma membrane

6

4

Vitamins: General with emphasis on A,B2, C, E and inositol (requirements, assimilation and properties)

4

Lectures

Short notes, MCQs

5

Minerals: Na, K, Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Se.(requirements, availability and properties)

3

Lectures

Short notes, MCQs

Total Hours

Lectures

Lectures

Short notes, MCQs

Short notes, MCQs

27

7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on journal articles relevant to the course

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

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8) Practical: (20 Hours) Reactions of monosaccharides, disaccharides and starch: Glucose Fructose Galactose Maltose, lactose Sucrose Starch Analysis of Unknown Sugars: Estimation: Photometry Standard graphs Proteins Creatinine

Biofluid of choice – blood, plasma, serum Glucose Urea Bilirubin

9. Evaluation Pattern: Evaluation Component (EC)

Duration

Maximum Marks

Remarks

EC – I

1 hour

20

Quiz/MCQ

EC – II

1 Hour

20

Written Exam

EC – III

1 hour

20

Assignment/ Seminar

3 Hours

40

Comprehensive Examination

Written Exam

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--24-COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM B. S. OPTOMETRY FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy) COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: NUTRITION

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

: Nutritionist with Masters/ Doctorate

1. Course Description: This course covers the basic aspects of Nutrition for good health. It also includes nutrients and nutrient derivatives relevant to ocular health, nutrition deficiency and ocular disease, Nutrition and ocular aging, and contraindications, adverse reactions and ocular nutritional supplements. 2. Course Objective : At the end of the course student would have gained the knowledge of the following: • • • •

Balanced diet. Protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, Minerals, carotenoids and eye. Nutrition and Ocular aging Adverse effects of ocular nutritional supplements.

3. Text books: • • • •

M Swaminathan: Hand book of Food and Nutrition, fifth edition, Bangalore printing & publishing Co.Ltd, Bangalore,2004 C Gopalan, BV Rama Sastri, SC Balasubramanian: Nutritive Value of Indian Foods , National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad,2004 Frank Eperjesi & Stephen Beatty: Nutrition and the Eye A practical Approach, Elsevier Butterworth – Heinemann, USA, 2006

4. Reference books: No recommendation. It is left to the faculty. 5. Prerequisites: Nothing Specific

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--25-6. Course plan: Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Topics Introduction to Nutrition and Food Science, Food Groups and Food Pyramid Balanced diet for different age groups, Recommended dietary Allowances Assessment of Nutritional Status. Energy – Units, Metabolisms, Energy expenditure, and Energy imbalance. Digestion, absorption and transport of Food Proteins and eye Lipids and eye Carbhohydrates and eye Vitamins and eye Minerals and trace elements and eye Carotenoids and eye Oxidative stress and the eye Vitamin A, C and E deficiency Nutrition and ocular aging Contraindications, Adverse reactions and ocular nutritional supplements

No of Lectures 1

Mode of Teaching Lecture

Mode of Evaluation Written

1

Lecture

Assignment

1

Lecture Lecture

Assignment Written

Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture

Written Seminar Seminar Seminar Seminar Seminar Seminar Written Written Seminar Seminar

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15

7. Reading Assignments: (Example given below. However the faculty can decide on the assignments to develop the referring habit of the students) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sr. No. TOPICS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a. Age related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) b. Carotenoids in Age related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS) c. Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial (LAST). d. Celtic Age Related Maculopathy Arrestation (CARMA) study 8. Evaluation Schedule: Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

EC – III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

20 20

3 Hours 40

Written Exam

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--26-COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM B. S. OPTOMETRY FIRST YEAR - FIRST SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)

COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Geometrical optics

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, preferably a Ph D, in physics, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry as evidenced by previous teaching experience or publications in optometry journals/magazines OR An optometrist with a post-graduate degree, preferably a Ph D OR An optometrist with an undergraduate degree 1) Course Description: This course will be taught in two consecutive semesters. Geometric Optics is the study of light and its behavior as it propagates in a variety of media. Specifically, the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light at boundaries between media and subsequent image formation will be dealt with in detail. Reflections at plane and spherical surfaces and refractions at plane, spherical, cylindrical and toric surfaces will be studied in this course. Attention will be given to the system of surfaces and/or lenses and their imaging properties. The effect of aperture stops on the quality of images, such as blur and aberrations, depth of field and depth of focus, will also be studied. 2) Objectives: The objective of this course is to equip the students with a thorough knowledge of mirrors and lenses. At the end of this course, students will be able to predict the basic properties of the images formed on the retina by the optics of the eye. 3) Text book: •

Tunnacliffe A. H, Hirst J. G, Optics, The association of British Dispensing Opticians, London, U.K., 1990.

•

Pedrotti L. S, Pedrotti Sr. F. L, Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998.

4) Reference Books: •

Loshin D. S. The Geometric Optics Workbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, USA, 1991.

•

Schwartz S. H. Geometrical and Visual Optics: A Clinical Introduction, McGrawHill, New York, USA, 2002.

5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level mathematics and physics.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--27-6) Course Outline: No.

Topics

No of hrs.

Mode of teaching

Mode of Evaluation

1

Nature of light – light as electromagnetic oscillation; ideas of sinusoidal oscillations; amplitude and phase; speed of light in vacuum and other media; refractive index.

2

Lectures; Sample problems

Problems; conceptual MCQs

2

Wavefronts – spherical, elliptical and plane; Curvature and vergence; rays; convergence and divergence in terms of rays and vergence; vergence at a distance

2

Lectures; Sample problems

Problems; conceptual MCQs

3

Refractive index; its dependence on wavelength

1

Lectures

MCQ-s; Conceptual descriptive questions

4

Fermat’s and Huygen’s Principle – Derivation of laws of reflection and refraction (Snell’s law) from these principles

4

Lectures; Assignments

MCQ-s; Conceptual descriptive questions

5

Plane mirrors – height of the mirror; rotation of the mirror

1

Lectures; Assignments

Problems; MCQs

6

Reflection by a spherical mirror – paraxial approximation; sign convention; derivation of vergence equation

1

Lectures; Assignments

Problems; conceptual MCQs

7

Imaging by concave mirror

2

Lectures; Sample Problems

Problems

8

Imaging by convex mirror

2

Lectures; Sample Problems

Problems

9

Reflectivity; transmittivity

1

Lectures; Sample Problems

MCQs; Problems

10

Snell’s Law; refraction at a plane surface

1

Lectures

Conceptual questions

11

Glass slab; displacement without deviation; displacement without dispersion

2

Lectures and student presentation

Problems, MCQs

12

Thick prisms; angle of prism; deviation produced by a prism; refractive index of the prism

2

Lectures and sample problems

Problems, MCQs

13

Prisms; angular dispersion; dispersive power; Abbe’s number.

2

Lectures and sample problems

Problems, MCQs

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--28-14

Definition of crown and flint glasses; materials of high refractive index

1

Lectures and student presentation

MCQs

15

Thin prism – definition; definition of Prism diopter; deviation produced by a thin prism; it dependence on refractive index

2

Lectures and sample problems

Problems; MCQs

16

Refraction by a spherical surface; sign convention; introduction to spherical aberration using image formed by a spherical surface of a distance object; sag formula

3

Lectures and computer demonstratio n

Problems

17

Paraxial approximation; derivation of vergence equation

1

Lectures and sample problems

Problems, MCQs

18

Imaging by a positive powered surface

2

Lectures and sample problems

Problems, MCQs

20

Imaging by a negative powered surface

2

Lectures and sample problems

Problems, MCQs

21

Vergence at a distance formula; effectivity of a refracting surface

1

Lectures and sample problems

Problems, MCQs

22

Definition of a lens as a combination of two surfaces; different types of lens shapes.

1

Student Presentation or assignment

MCQs

23

Image formation by a lens by application of vergence at a distance formula; definitions of front and back vertex powers; equivalent power; first and second principal planes/points; primary and secondary focal planes/points; primary and secondary focal lengths

4

Lectures, sample problems, assignments

Problems, MCQs

24

Newton’s formula; linear magnification; angular magnification

2

Lectures, sample problems, assignments

Problems, MCQs

25

Nodal Planes

1

Lectures, sample problems, assignments

Problems, MCQs

26

Thin lens as a special case of thick lens; review of sign convention

1

Student Presentation

Problems

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--29-27

Imaging by a thin convex lens; image properties (real/virtual; erect/inverted; magnified/minified) for various object positions

2

Lectures; Assignments

Problems, MCQs

28

Imaging by a thin concave lens; image properties (real/virtual; erect/inverted; magnified/minified) for various object positions

2

Lectures; Assignments

Problems, MCQs

29

Prentice’s Rule

1

Lectures; Assignments

Problems; Conceptual questions

30

System of two thin lenses; review of front and back vertex powers and equivalent power, review of six cardinal points.

2

Lectures; Sample Problems, Assignments

Problems, MCQs

31

System of more than two thin lenses; calculation of equivalent power using magnification formula

2

Lectures; Sample Problems

Problems, MCQs

Total number of Lectures

49

7) Reading Assignment: Faculty needs to give opportunity to students to go and refer relevant literatures 8) Evaluation pattern: Evaluation Component (EC)

Duration

Maximum Marks

EC – I

1 hour

20

EC – II

1 Hour

20

EC – III

1 hour

20

3 Hours

40

Comprehensive Examination

Remarks

Written Exam

Written Exam

Note: All EC-s to be spaced approximately 1 month apart. 9) Practical: Please see the Geometrical optics – II course contents for details. It is left to the faculty to split the practical and conduct in first and second part of the course.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--30-SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS: The course curriculum is structured such that there is a smooth flow of ideas from the easy to the difficult. However, there is one deviation from this ideal. Concepts of thick lenses are dealt with before moving on to thin lenses. Since the human eye and most of its visual aids are thick lenses in nature, we have decided to emphasize on thick lenses and deal thin lenses only as a simplification of thick lens. Universally, thin lenses are taught first before moving on to thick lenses. Therefore, we leave it to the instructors to make a choice of which one of these to teach first. Nodal planes are not taught along with the other cardinal planes. This is because, unless the students get a clear understanding of angular magnification, it is difficult to teach them nodal planes. However, we leave it to the instructor to do it the way given in this curriculum or teach all the six cardinal planes at one go.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--31-COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM B. S. OPTOMETRY FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)

COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Basic Biochemistry -II

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in biochemistry, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology 1) Course Description: This course is being taught in two consecutive semesters. Biochemistry II deals with the metabolism that takes place in the human body. It also deals with ocular biochemistry in detail. Clinical estimation as well as the clinical significance of biochemical values is also taught. 2) Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to: demonstrate his knowledge and understanding on: • • •

Integration of the various aspects of metabolism, and their regulatory pathways. Understand metabolic processes taking place in different ocular structures and fluids Principles of various conventional and specialized laboratory investigations and instrumentation, analysis and interpretation of a given data.

3) Textbooks: S. Ramakrishnan: Essentials of biochemistry and ocular biochemistry, Annamalai University Publications, Chidambaram, India, 1992 4) Reference Books: • S. Ramakrishnan, K G Prasannan and R Rajan: Text book of Medical Biochemistry, Orient Longman, Madras, 1990 •

D R Whikehart: Biochemistry of the Eye, 2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Pennsylvania, 2003

5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level chemistry with good knowledge of organic chemistry and knowledge of Biochemistry I.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--32--

6) Course Outline: No.

Topics

No of hrs

Mode of teaching

Mode of Evaluation

1

Hormones and their receptors basic concepts in metabolic regulation with examples, insulin, glucagons and thyroxine

2

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

2

Metabolism General whole body metabolism (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids)

6

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

3

Ocular Biochemistry Various aspects of the eye, viz. tears, cornea, lens, aqueous, vitreous, retina and pigment epithelium rhodopsin. (The important chemicals in each and their roles).

8

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

4

Clinical Biochemistry Blood sugar, urea, creatinine and Bilirubin, cholesterol etc and significance of their estimation.

4

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

Total Hours

20

7) Reading Assignment: Faculty will decide on the articles to be read by the students. 8) Practical (20 Hours): Quantitative exercises: i. Abnormal constituents in urine, sugar, proteins, ketones, blood and bile salts ii. Detection of abnormal constituents in urine Techniques: Electrophoresis, Chromatography, Preparation of - normal, molar and percentage solutions, buffers, PH determination Demonstration: Estimation of blood cholesterol, estimation of alkaline phosphate, salivary amylase (effect of PH, etc.).

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--33--

9. Evaluation Pattern: Evaluation Component (EC)

Duration

Maximum Marks

Remarks

EC – I

1 hour

20

Quiz/MCQ

EC – II

1 Hour

20

Written Exam

EC – III

1 hour

20

Seminar/ assignment

Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

40

Written Exam

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--34--

COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM B. S. OPTOMETRY FIRST YEAR – SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)

COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Ocular Anatomy

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in anatomy with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology or an ophthalmologist with M.S. 1) Course Description: This course deals with detailed anatomy of the orbit, eyeball and cranial nerves associated with ocular functions. 2) Course Objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to: • • • •

Comprehend the normal disposition, inter-relationships, gross, functional and applied anatomy of various structures in the eye and adnexa. Identify the microscopic structures of various tissues in the eye and correlate the structure with the functions. Comprehend the basic structure and connections between the various parts of the central nervous system and the eye so as to understand the neural connections and distribution. To understand the basic principles of ocular embryology.

3) Text Book: L A Remington: Clinical Anatomy of the Visual System, Second edition, Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, Missouri, USA, 2005. 3)

Reference Books: AK Khurana, Indu Khurana: Anatomy and Physiology of Eye, Second edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2006

5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology and knowledge of general human anatomy.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--35--

6) Course outline: No.

1

2

Topics

Cornea: Anatomy of all the layers, cellular structure, nerve supply, reason for transparency, refractive properties Coats of eyeball: 1. Sclera (episclera & sclera) 2. Choroid (Iris, ciliary body, choroid) 3. Retina Detailed anatomy, cellular structure, vasculature, nerve supply for all the above coats, pupils, nerve supply for pupillary actions, pupillary pathway.

3

Crystalline lens

No of hrs

2

2

6

Detailed study of orbit

9

Extra ocular muscles (anatomy, innervations, action) Orbital Blood supply

notes,

MCQs Short

notes,

6

Ocular Embryology

8

Short

MCQs

5

Ocular Adnexa and Lacrimal system

Lectures

Lectures

3

7

Mode of Evaluation

2

Aqueous, anterior chamber, vitreous body

4

Mode of teaching

2

2

2

2

Lecture

MCQs,

Short

notes Lectures

Short

notes,

MCQs Lecture

MCQs

Lectures

Short

notes,

MCQs Lectures

Short

notes,

MCQs Lectures

Short

notes,

MCQs Lectures

Short MCQs

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

notes,

--36-CRANIAL NERVES: Detailed study of each of the following nerves in terms of their nucluei, course, relationship within brain, effects of compression etc at different regions

10

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Optic nerve Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Trigeminal nerve Abducent nerve Facial nerve

Lectures

Short

notes,

MCQs

10

11

Visual Pathway

3

12

Autonomic Innervations of Ocular structures

3

Total Number of Hours

39

Lectures

MCQs, Quiz

Lectures

MCQs,

Short

Notes

7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on the topic. This will develop the habit of referring books and journals among the students. 8) Evaluation Pattern: Evaluation Component (EC)

EC – I

Duration 1 hour

Maximum Marks

Remarks

20

EC – II

1 Hour

20

EC – III

1 hour

20

Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

40

Written Exam

Written Exam

9) Practical: (10 Hours) • •

Eye dissection of bull’s eye Orbital bones and landmarks using Skull

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--37-COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM B. S. OPTOMETRY FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)

COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Ocular Physiology

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, a Ph D or MD in physiology, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry and ophthalmology or an Optometrist/Ophthalmologist who have adequate experience in teaching Physiology 1) Course Description: Ocular physiology deals with the physiological functions of each part of the eye. 2) Course Objectives: At the end of the course the student will be able to: • • • •

Explain the normal functioning of all the structures of the eye and their interactions. Elucidate the physiological aspects of normal growth and development of the eye. Understand the phenomenon of vision. List the physiological principles underlying pathogenesis and treatment of disease of the eye.

3) Text book: AK Khurana, Indu Khurana: Anatomy and Physiology of Eye, Second edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2006 4) Reference Book: • •

RD Ravindran: Physiology of the eye, Arvind eye hospitals, Pondicherry, 2001 PL Kaufman, A Alm: Adler’s Physiology of the eye clinical application, 10th edition, Mosby, 2002

5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level biology and/or General physiology.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--38-6) Course outline: No.

Topics

No of hrs

Mode of teaching

Mode of Evaluation

Protective mechanisms in the eye

1

Lectures

Precorneal tear film, eyelids and lacrimation Extrinsic Ocular muscles, their actions and control of their movements

2

Lectures

Saccadic, smooth pursuit and Nystagmic eye movements

2

Coats of the eye ball

2

Corneal Physiology

4

Aqueous humor and vitreous: Intra ocular pressure

3

Iris and pupil

3

Lectures

Crystalline lens and accommodation – presbyopia

2

Lectures

Retina – structure and functions, dark and Light Adaptations

4

11

Vision – general aspects of sensation

2

Lectures

12

Pigments of the eye and photochemistry, electrophysiology

4

Lectures

The visual stimulus, refractive errors

3

Lectures

14

Visual acuity, vernier acuity and principle of measurement

2

Lectures

15

Visual perception – Binocular vision, stereoscopic vision, optical illusions

4

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

16

Visual pathway, central and cerebral connections, lesions of pathway and effects

4

Lectures

Short MCQs

notes,

Lectures

Short

notes,

1 2 3 4 5

6 7

8 9 10

13

17

Colour vision and colour defects. Theories and diagnostic tests Total number of Hours

2

Lectures Lectures Lectures

Lectures Lectures

3

Lectures

Short MCQs Short MCQs Short MCQs

notes,

Short MCQs Short MCQs

notes,

Short MCQs Short MCQs

notes,

Short MCQs Short MCQs Short MCQs

notes,

notes, notes,

notes,

notes,

notes, notes,

Short notes, MCQs Short notes, MCQs Short notes, MCQs Short notes, MCQs

MCQs

47

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--39-7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide on the topic. This will develop the habit of referring books and journals among the students. 8) Evaluation Pattern: Evaluation Component (EC)

Duration

Maximum Marks

EC – I

1 hour

20

EC – II

1 Hour

20

EC – III

1 hour

20

Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

40

Remarks

Written Exam

Written Exam

9) Practicals (14 Hours): • • • • • • • • • -

Eye movements Tests for lachrymal secretion (Schirmer’s) Break up time Anterior segment examination – Slit lamp examination - demo Pupillary reflexes Schiotz tonometry Measurement of accommodation Visual acuity measurement Ophthalmoscopy and retinoscopy Light and dark adaptation Binocular vision Colour vision Electrophysiology

All the above procedures are demonstrated to enable students to understand the physiological concepts.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--40-COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM B. S. OPTOMETRY FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)

COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Geometrical optics II

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, preferably a Ph D, in physics, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry as evidenced by previous teaching experience or publications in optometry journals/magazines OR An optometrist with a post-graduate degree, preferably a Ph D OR An optometrist with an undergraduate degree 1) Course Description: This course will be taught in two consecutive semesters. Geometric Optics is the study of light and its behavior as it propagates in a variety of media. Specifically, the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light at boundaries between media and subsequent image formation will be dealt with in detail. Reflections at plane and spherical surfaces and refractions at plane, spherical, cylindrical and toric surfaces will be studied in this course. Attention will be given to the system of surfaces and/or lenses and their imaging properties. The effect of aperture stops on the quality of images, such as blur and aberrations, depth of field and depth of focus, will also be studied. 2) Objectives: The objective of this course is to equip the students with a thorough knowledge of mirrors and lenses. At the end of this course, students will be able to predict the basic properties of the images formed on the retina by the optics of the eye. 3) Text book: •

Tunnacliffe A. H, Hirst J. G, Optics, The association of British Dispensing Opticians, London, U.K., 1990.

•

Pedrotti L. S, Pedrotti Sr. F. L, Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998.

4) Reference Books: • •

Loshin D. S. The Geometric Optics Workbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, USA, 1991. Schwartz S. H. Geometrical and Visual Optics: A Clinical Introduction, McGrawHill, New York, USA, 2002.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--41-5) Prerequisites:

Higher

secondary

level

mathematics

and

physics.

6) Course outline: 1

Cylindrical Lenses; image formation; relation between cylinder axis and line image orientation

2

Lectures; Sample Problems

Problems, MCQs

2

Imaging due to two cylinders in contact with axes parallel

1

Lectures; Assignments

Problems, MCQs

3

Two cylinders in contact with axes perpendicular; line images and their orientations to the cylinders’ powers; interval of Sturm; circle of least confusion (CLC); spherical equivalent; position of CLC

6

Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments

Problems, MCQs; conceptual questions

4

Spherical lens and a cylindrical lens in contact; spherical equivalent; interval of Sturm and CLC

2

Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments

Problems, MCQs; conceptual questions

5

Spherocylindrical lens notations – plus/minus cylinder form, cross cylinder/meridian form; transformations between them

3

Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments

Problems, conceptual questions

6

Field stops and apertures; entrance and exit pupils

1

Lectures; Sample Problems

Problems

7

Apertures and defocus blur

1

Lectures; Sample Problems

Problems

8

Receiver/detector diameter; depth of focus; depth of field

1

Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments

Problems; MCQs; conceptual questions

9

Chromatic Aberrations; methods of removing chromatic aberrations; Abbe number

2

Lectures; Assignments

Problems; MCQs; Conceptual questions

10

Monochromatic Aberrations – deviation from paraxial approximation; difference between ray aberrations and wavefront aberrations

Lectures 2

Problems; conceptual questions

11

Third order aberrations – spherical aberrations; coma; astigmatism; distortion and curvature of fields

2

Lectures

Conceptual questions

12

Ways of minimizing spherical aberrations – pupil size, bending of lens, shape factor

2

Lectures

Conceptual questions

13

Lens tilt – astigmatism

Lectures

Problems; conceptual questions

1

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--42-14

Higher order aberrations; introduction to Zernike Polynomials

15

Telescopes – Keplerian, Galilean and Newtonian; position of cardinal points, entrance and exit pupils; magnifications; advantages and disadvantages

1

Lectures

Conceptual questions

4

Lectures; Student Presentation

Problems; MCQs; Conceptual Questions

2

Lectures; Assignments

Problems; MCQs; Conceptual Questions Problems; MCQs; Conceptual Questions

16

Microscopes – magnification; tube length.

17

Gullstrand’s Schematic Eye (GSE); calculation of the power of the cornea, the lens and the eye; axial length; calculation of the position of the cardinal points; magnification

2

Lectures; Student Presentation; Assignments

18

GSE - Purkinje images and their reflectances

1

Lectures; Assignments

Problems; Conceptual questions

19

GSE - entrance and exit pupils for a 3mm pupil; ocular aberrations – spherical aberrations and coma; chromatic aberrations.

2

Lectures; Assignments

Problems; Conceptual questions

Lectures; Assignments

Problems; Conceptual questions

Lectures; Assignments

Problems; Conceptual questions

20

21

GSE – introduction to refractive errors myopia and hyperopia; corneal curvature; axial length; far point; blur size calculations; corrections; astigmatism; blur size; circle of least confusion; correction.

4

GSE - Object closer than at infinity; introduction to accommodation; far point; near point; presbyopia; spectacle and contact Lens corrections - comparison of magnification

3

Total number of Lectures

45

7) Reading Assignment: Faculty needs to decide.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--43-8) Practical: (20 hours) Each practical session could be evaluated for 10 marks and the total could be added to the final evaluations. These practical’s could be customized as per the university requirements and spaced apart conveniently. The practical’s to be done include the following: • • • • • • • • •

•

Thick Prism – determination of prism angle and dispersive power; calculation of the refractive index Thin Prism – measurement of deviation; calculation of the prism diopter Image formation by spherical mirrors Convex lens - power determination using lens gauge, power determination using distant object method; power determination using the vergence formula Concave lens – in combination with a convex lens – power determination. Construction of a tabletop telescope – all three types of telescopes. Construction of a tabletop microscope Imaging by a cylindrical lens – relationship between cylinder axis and image orientation Imaging by two cylinders in contact – determination of the position of CLC; verification of CLC using a spherical lens with power equal to the spherical equivalent; orientations and position of the line images and their relation to the cylinders’ powers and orientations Imaging by a spherocylindrical lens – sphere and cylinder in contact – determination of the position of CLC; verification of CLC using a spherical lens with power equal to the spherical equivalent; orientations and position of the line images and their relation to the cylinder’s power and orientation

9) Evaluation pattern: Evaluation Component (EC)

Duration

Maximum Marks

EC – I

1 hour

20

EC – II

1 Hour

20

EC – III

1 hour

20

Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

40

Remarks

Written Exam

Written Exam

Note: All EC-s to be spaced approximately 1 month apart.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--44-SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS: The course curriculum is structured such that there is a smooth flow of ideas from the easy to the difficult. However, there is one deviation from this ideal. Concepts of thick lenses are dealt with before moving on to thin lenses. Since the human eye and most of its visual aids are thick lenses in nature, we have decided to emphasize on thick lenses and deal thin lenses only as a simplification of thick lens. Universally, thin lenses are taught first before moving on to thick lenses. Therefore, we leave it to the instructors to make a choice of which one of these to teach first. Nodal planes are not taught along with the other cardinal planes. This is because, unless the students get a clear understanding of angular magnification, it is difficult to teach them nodal planes. However, we leave it to the instructor to do it the way given in this curriculum or teach all the six cardinal planes at one go.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--45-COMMON MINIMUM OPTOMETRY CURRICULUM B. S. OPTOMETRY FIRST YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 20xx – 20yy)

COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Physical Optics

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : A post-graduate, preferably a Ph D, in physics, with adequate exposure to the profession of optometry as evidenced by previous teaching experience or publications in optometry journals/magazines. OR An optometrist with a post-graduate degree, preferably a Ph D OR An optometrist with an undergraduate degree. 1) Course Description: This course will be taught in one semester. Physical Optics is the study of light, its properties and its interaction with matter. Specifically, the phenomena of interference, diffraction, polarization and scattering will be dealt with in detail. 2) Objectives: The objective of this course is to equip the students with a thorough knowledge of properties of light. At the end of this course, students will be able to predict the distribution of light under various conditions. 3) Text Book: Subrahmanyan N, Brij Lal, A text book of Optics, S. Chand Co Ltd, New Delhi, India, 2003. 4) Reference Books: • Pedrotti L. S, Pedrotti Sr. F. L, Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998. • Keating NM. P, Geometric, Physical and Visual Optics, ButterworthHeinemann, Massachusetts, USA, 2002. 5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary level mathematics and physics.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--46-8) Course Outline: No.

Topics

No

Mode of

Mode of

of

teaching

Evaluation

hrs. 1

2

Nature of light – light as electromagnetic oscillation – wave equation; ideas of sinusoidal oscillations – simple harmonic oscillation; transverse nature of oscillation; concepts of frequency, wavelength, amplitude and phase. Sources of light; Electromagnetic Spectrum.

3

Polarized light; linearly polarized light; and circularly polarized light.

4

Intensity of polarized light; Malus’ Law; polarizers and analyzers; Methods of producing polarized light; Brewster’s angle.

5

Birefringence; ordinary and extraordinary rays.

6

Relationship between amplitude and intensity.

7

Coherence; interference; constructive interference, destructive interference; fringes; fringe width.

8

9

10

11

Lectures; Sample problems

Problems; conceptual MCQs

Lectures; Sample problems

Conceptual MCQs

Lectures

Conceptual MCQs

Lectures; Sample problems

Conceptual MCQ-s; problems

Lectures; Assignments

MCQ-s; Conceptual descriptive questions

1

Lectures; Assignments

Problems; MCQs

2

Lectures; Assignments; sample problems

Problems; conceptual MCQs

2

Lectures; Sample Problems; Assignments

Problems; conceptual MCQs

Problems

2

Lectures; Sample Problems

MCQs; Problems

2

Lectures; Sample Problems Lectures

Conceptual questions

7

1 1

2

2

Double slits, multiple slits, gratings.

Diffraction; diffraction by a circular aperture; Airy’s disc Resolution of an instrument (telescope, for example); Raleigh’s criterion Scattering; Raleigh’s scattering; Tyndall effect.

2

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--47-12

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

13

Basics of Lasers – coherence; population inversion; spontaneous emission; Einstein’s theory of lasers.

14

15

16

Radiometry; solid angle; radiometric units; photopic and scotopic luminous efficiency and efficacy curves; photometric units Inverse square law of photometry; Lambert’s law.

1 5

4

Lectures

Conceptual questions

Lectures; Student presentation

Conceptual MCQs.

Lectures sample problems

Problems, MCQs

and

Problems, MCQs

2

Lectures; sample problems

Other units of light measurement; retinal illumination; Trolands

Lectures; sample problems

MCQs

1

Total number of Lectures

37

7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide 8) Practicals: Each practical session could be evaluated for 10 marks and the total could be added to the final evaluations. These practical could be customized as per the university requirements and spaced apart conveniently. The practical to be done include the following: • • • • • • •

Gratings – determination of grating constant using Sodium vapour lamp; determination of wavelengths of light from Mercury vapour lamp Circular Apertures – measurements of Airy’s disc for apertures of various sizes Verification of Malus’ Law using a polarizer – analyzer combination Demonstration of birefringence using Calcite crystals Measurement of the resolving power of telescopes. Newton’s rings Demonstration of fluorescence and phosphorescence using crystals and paints

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--48--

9) Evaluation Pattern: Evaluation Component (EC)

Duration

Maximum Marks

EC – I

1 hour

20

EC – II

1 Hour

20

EC – III

1 hour

20

Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

40

Remarks

Written Exam

Written Exam

Note: All EC-s to be spaced approximately 1 month apart.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--49--

Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY SECOND YEAR - THIRD SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (2008-2009) COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: Ocular Microbiology

Instructor In Charge

: Microbiologist (PG/ PhD)

1) Course Description: This course covers the basic biological, biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of pathogenic organisms. 2) Course Objectives: The objectives of the course are: • • • •

to prepare the students to gain essential knowledge about the characteristics of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites; to acquire knowledge of the principles of sterilisation and disinfection in hospital and ophthalmic practice; to understand the pathogenesis of the diseases caused by the organisms in the human body with particular reference to the eye infections and to understand basic principles of diagnostic ocular Microbiology.

3) Text books: • BURTON G.R.W: Microbiology for the Health Sciences, third edition, J.P. Lippincott Co., St. Louis, 1988. • M J Pelczar (Jr),ECS Chan, NR Krieg : Microbiology ,fifth edition, TATA McGRAW-HILL Publisher, New Delhi,1993 4) Reference Books: • KJ Ryan, CG Ray: Sherris Medical Microbiology- An Introduction to infectious Diseases, fourth edition, McGRAW HiLL Publisher, NewDelhi, 1994 MACKIE & McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology • SYDNEY M. FINEGOLD & ELLEN JO BARON: Diagnostic Microbiology (DM) 5) Prerequisites: Higher secondary Biology

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--50-6. Course outline: No.

Topics

1 2 3

Introduction to Microbiology Types of Microorganisms Physiology of Microorganisms – Nutrition, Enzymes, Metabolism and energy, Microbial Growth Sterilization and disinfection in the laboratory Control of Microbial Growth – Antimicrobial methods and Chemotherapy Microbes versus Humans- The development of Infection, the disease process, pathogenicity and virulence Ocular Bacteriology - Gram positive,(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphlococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, propionibacterium, actinomyces,Nocardia) Bacteria including acid fast bacilli ( Myobacterium tuberculosis, Myobacterium leprae) Ocular Bacteriology - Gram negative Bacteria (pseudomonas,haemophiilus,Brucella,Neisseria,Moraxella) Spirochetes (Treponema, Leptospiraceae) Virology: Classification of Viruses in Ocular Disease, Rubella, Adenovirus, Oncogenic Viruses (HPV, HBV, EBV, Retroviruses), HIV. Fungi : Yeasts, Filamentous, Dimorphic Intracellular parasites - Chlamydia, Protozoa (Taxoplasmosis, Acanthamoeba,) Helminths ( Toxocariasis, Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, Trematodes) TOTAL NO. OF LECTURES

4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13

No of Lectures 1 2 2 1 2 2 1

1 1 2 1 1 1 18

7) Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide) 8) Evaluation Schedule: Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II EC – III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

20 20

3 Hours

40

Recommendation: Faculty can send the students to Microbiology lab for observation. This will enable the student to understand the microbiology concept better

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--51-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum SECOND YEAR – THIRD SEMESTER – (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 – 200 ) COURSE HANDOUT COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Optometric Optics I

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Senior Optometrist (undergraduate or Diploma holder in optometry with adequate experience in optical industry) CO-INSTRUCTORS

: Optometrists (undergraduate)

1) Course Description: This course deals with understanding the theory behind spectacle lenses and frames, their materials, types, advantages and disadvantages, calculations involved, when and how to prescribe. It will impart construction, design application and development of lenses, particularly of the methods of calculating their power and effect. 2) Course Objectives: Skills/knowledge to be acquired at the end of this course: • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Measurement of lens power , lens centration using conventional techniques Transposition of various types of lenses Knowledge to identify different forms of lenses (equi- convex, planoconvex, periscopic, etc.) Knowledge to select the tool power for grinding process. Measurement of surface powers using lens measure. Method of laying off the lens for glazing process. Ophthalmic prism knowledge – effects, units, base-apex notation, compounding and resolving prisms. Knowledge of prism and decentration in ophthalmic lenses Knowledge of different types of materials used to make lenses and its characteristics Knowledge lens designs – single vision, bifocals, progressive lens Knowledge on tinted and protective lenses Knowledge on special lenses like iseikonic, spectacle magnifiers. Knowledge on spectacle frames – manufacture, materials

3) Text Books: Jalie M: The principles of Ophthalmic Lenses, The Association of Dispensing Opticians, London, 1972

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--52--

4) Reference Books: • •

David Wilson: Practical Optical Dispensing, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 1999 C V Brooks, IM Borish: System for Ophthalmic Dispensing, Second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 1996

5) Pre-requisites: Physical Optics, Geometrical Optics 6) Course Outline: No.

Topic

1

Introduction – Light, Mirror, Reflection, Refraction and Absorption

2

3

4 5 6 7

8

9

Prisms – Definition, properties, Refraction through prisms, Thickness difference, Base-apex notation, uses, nomenclature and units, Sign Conventions, Fresnel’s prisms, rotary prims Lenses – Definition, units, terminology used to describe, form of lenses Vertex distance and vertex power, Effectivity calculations Lens shape, size and types i.e. spherical, cylindrical and Spherocylindrical Transpositions – Simple, Toric and Spherical equivalent Prismatic effect, centration, decent ration and Prentice rule, Prismatic effect of Plano-cylinder and Spherocylinder lenses Spherometer & Sag formula, Edge thickness calculations Magnification in high plus lenses, Minification in high minus lenses

No. of Lectures 1

Mode of teaching Theory + Home assignment

Mode of evaluation Assignment evaluation

Theory

Written + Viva

4

2

Theory

2

Theory + Home assignements

1

Theory + Practicals

1 4

3

1

Theory + Home assignements Theory + Practicals + Home assignements Theory + Practicals + Home assignements Theory + Practicals

Witten + Practicals + Viva Written Written + Viva Written

Written + Viva

Written + Viva Written + Viva

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--53-10

Tilt induced power in spectacles 1

11

Aberration in Ophthalmic Lenses 1 21

Total Hours

Theory + Practicals

Written + Viva

Theory

Written + Viva

Recommendation – to give extensive home assignments for all calculations 7) Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide) 8) Evaluation Schedule: Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II EC – III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

20 20

3 Hours

40

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--54-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum Bachelor Of Optometry Second Year - THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY) COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

:

INSTRUCTOR IN-CHARGE

: Optometrist with B.Optom

Visual Optics I

1) Course Description: This course deals with the concept of eye as an optical instrument and thereby covers various optical components of eye, types of refractive errors, clinical approach in diagnosis and management of various types of refractive errors. 2) Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able: • •

to understand the fundamentals of optical components of the eye to gain theoretical knowledge and practical skill on visual acuity measurement, objective and subjective clinical refraction.

3) Text books: • •

A H Tunnacliffe: Visual optics, The Association of British Optician, 1987 AG Bennett & RB Rabbets: Clinical Visual optics, 3rd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, 1998

4) Reference Books: • • • • •

M P Keating: Geometric, Physical and Visual optics, 2nd edition, ButterworthHeinemann, USA, 2002 HL Rubin: Optics for clinicians, 2nd edition, Triad publishing company. Florida, 1974. H Obstfeld: Optic in Vision- Foundations of visual optics & associated computations, 2nd edition, Butterworth, UK, 1982. WJ Benjamin: Borish’s clinical refraction,2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Missouri, USA,2006 T Grosvenor: Primary Care Optometry,4th edition, Butterworth – heinneman,USA,2002

5) Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Physical optics, Ocular Physiology

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--55-6) Course Outline: Topic

No. of hours

Mode of teaching

Mode of evaluation

1. REVIEW OF GEOMETRICAL OPTICS VERGENCE AND POWER:

4 hours

Lectures and MCQs seminars by students

2 hours

Lectures

MCQs

8 hours

Lectures

Written and MCQs

1.1 Conjugacy, object space and image space 1.2 Sign convention 1.3 Spherical refracting surface 1.4 Spherical mirror; catoptric power 1.5 Cardinal points 1.6 Magnification 1.7 Light and visual function Clinical Relevance of: Fluorescence, Interference, Diffraction, Polarization, Bi-refringence, Dichroism 1.9 Aberration and application Spherical and Chromatic 2.OPTICS OF OCULAR STRUCTURE 2.1 Cornea and aqueous 2.2 Crystalline lens 2.3 Vitreous 2.3 Schematic and reduced eye 3.MEASUREMENTS OF OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF THE EYE 3.1 Corneal curvature and thickness 3.2 Keratometry 3.3 Curvature of the lens and ophthalmophakometry 3.4 Axial and axis of the eye 3.5 Basic Aspects of Vision. • Visual Acuity • Light and Dark Adaptation • Color Vision • Spatial and Temporal Resolution • Science of Measuring visual performance and Application to Clinical Optometry

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--56-4. REFRACTIVE ANOMALIES AND THEIR CAUSES 6 hours

Lectures

Written, MCQs, assignments

4.1 Etiology of refractive anomalies 4.2 Contributing variability and their ranges 4.3 Populating distributions of anomalies. 4.4 Optical component measurements 4.5 Growth of the eye in relation to refractive errors

Total hours

20 hours

7) Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide) 8) Evaluation Schedule:Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II EC – III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

20 20

3 Hours

40

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--57-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum Bachelor Of Optometry Second Year - THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY) COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Optometric Instruments

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrist GUEST LECTURE : by a Bioengineer, preferably from one of the companies who make and services ophthalmic instruments like Lensometers, Keratometers etc. 1) Course Description: This course covers commonly used optometric instruments, its basic principle, description and usage in clinical practice. 2) Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to gain theoretical knowledge and basic practical skill in handling the following instruments: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Visual Acuity chart/drum Retinoscope Trail Box Jackson Cross cylinder Direct ophthalmoscope Slit lamp Biomicroscope Slit lamp Ophthalmoscopy ( +90, 78 D) Gonioscope Tonometer: Applanation Tonometer Keratometer Perimeter Electrodiagnostic instrument (ERG, VEP, EOG) A – Scan Ultrasound Lensometer

3) Text books: David Henson: Optometric Instrumentations, Butterworth- Heinnemann, UK, 1991 4) Reference books: • •

P R Yoder: Mounting Optics in Optical Instruments, SPIE Society of PhotoOptical Instrumentation, 2002 G Smith, D A. Atchison: The Eye and Visual Optical Instruments, Cambridge University Press, 1997

5) Prerequisites: Geometrical optics

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--58--

6) Course Outline: Topic 1.REFRACTIVE INSTRUMENTS

No. of hours 12

Mode of teaching Lectures

Mode of evaluation MCQs

¾ Optotypes and MTF, Spatial Frequency ¾ Test charts standards. ¾ Choice of test charts ¾ Trial case lenses ¾ Refractor (phoropter) head units ¾ Optical considerations of refractor units ¾ Trial frame design ¾ Near vision difficulties with units and trial frames ¾ Retinoscope – types available ¾ Adjustment of Retinoscopesspecial features ¾ Objective optometers. ¾ Infrared optometer devices. ¾ Projection charts ¾ Illumination of the consulting room. ¾ Brightness acuity test ¾ Vision analyzer ¾ Pupilometer ¾ Potential Acuity Meter ¾ Abberometer

2. OPHTHALMOSCOPES AND 3 hours RELATED DEVICES ¾ Design of ophthalmoscopes illumination ¾ Design of ophthalmoscopesviewing ¾ Ophthalmoscope disc ¾ Filters for ophthalmoscopy ¾ Indirect ophthalmoscope

Lectures with practical demonstration

Written and assignments

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--59--

3. Lensometer,Lens gauges or clock

2 hours

Lectures and hands on sessions

Written

4. Slit Lamp

2 hours

Lectures and hands on sessions

Written

2 hours

Lectures and hands on sessions

Written

2 hours

Lectures and hands on sessions

Written

1 hour

Lectures and hands on sessions

Written

1 hour

Lecture

Written

1 hour

Lectures

Written

Lectures

Written

1 hour

Lectures

Written

1 hour

Lectures

MCQs

2 hours

Lectures

MCQs

5. Tonometers 6. Keratometer and corneal topography 7. Refractometer 8. Orthoptic Instruments (Synaptophore Only) 9. Color Vision Testing Devices

10. Fields Of Vision And Screening 2 hours Devices 11. Scans 12. ERG 13. New Instruments Total no. hrs

32 hours

7) Reading Assignment: Latest informations on optometry instruments available in the literatures can be given as reading assignment. The topics can be decided by the faculty.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--60--

8) Evaluation Component: Component

Duration

Date & Time

Max. Marks

EC – I

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

1 Hour

30

Written Exam And practical Written Exam

1 hour

30

3 Hours

40

EC – II EC - III Comprehensive Examination

Remarks

Written Exam and Practical

Note: Demonstration of the instruments parts and how it works will definitely add value to the course.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--61-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY SECOND YEAR – THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200) COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: Ocular Diseases I

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Ophthalmologist CO – INSTRUCTORS

: Optometrist (Minimum UG in Optometry)

2) Course Description: This course deals with various ocular diseases affecting various parts of the eyes. It covers clinical signs and symptoms, cause, pathophysiological mechanism, diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis and management aspects of the ocular diseases. 3) Course Objective: At the end of the course the students will be knowledgeable in the following aspects of ocular diseases: knowledge • on the etiology, • epidemiology, • symptoms, • signs, • course sequelae of ocular disease, • diagnostic approach, and • management of the ocular diseases. 4)

Text books: A K Khurana: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th edition, New age international (p) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 2007

5) Reference Books: • Stephen J. Miller : Parsons Diseases of the Eye, 18th edition, Churchill Livingstone, 1990 • Jack J. Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach, 6th edition, Butterworth - Heinemann, 2007 6) Prerequisites: Ocular anatomy and Ocular Physiology, Ocular Biochemistry and Microbiology, Pharmacology

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--62-7)

Course outline:

S. No.

Topics

No. of Lectures

Mode of teaching

Mode of Evaluation

1

a) ORBIT

10

Lectures

Written

2

¾ Applied Anatomy ¾ Proptosis Classification,Causes,Investigations) ¾ Enophthalmos ¾ Developmental Anomalies ¾ ( craniosynostosis, Craniofacial Dysostosis, Hypertelorism, Median facial cleft syndrome) ¾ Orbital Inflammations (Preseptal cellulites, Orbital cellulitis Orbital Periostitis, cavernous sinus Thrombosis) ¾ Grave’s Ophthalmopathy ¾ Orbital tumors( Dermoids, capillary haemangioma, Optic nerve glioma) ¾ Orbital blowout fractures ¾ Orbital surgery (Orbitotomy) ¾ Orbital tumors ¾ Orbital trauma ¾ Approach to a patient with proptosis b) LIDS

6

Lecture

Written

¾ Applied Anatomy ¾ Congenital anomalies ( Ptosis, Coloboma, Epicanthus, Distichiasis, Cryptophthalmos) ¾ 3.Oedema of the eyelids (Inflammatory, Solid, Passive edema) ¾ Inflammatory disorders (Blepharitis, External Hordeolum, Chalazion, ¾ Internal hordeolum,,Molluscum Contagiosum) ¾ Anomalies in the position of the lashes and Lid Margin (Trichiasis, Ectropion, Entropion, Symblepharon, Blepharophimosis, Lagophthalmos, Blepharospasm, Ptosis). ¾ Tumors (Papillomas, Xanthelasma, Haemangioma, Basal carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland melanoma)

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--63-3

4

c) ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

LACRIMAL SYSTEM Applied Anatomy Tear Film The Dry Eye ( Sjogren’s Syndrome) The watering eye ( Etiology, clinical evaluation) ¾ Dacryocystitis ¾ Swelling of the Lacrimal gland ( Dacryoadenitis) d) CONJUNCTIVA

4

Lecture

Written

4

Lecture

Written

12

Lecture

Written

¾ Applied Anatomy ¾ Inflammations of conjunctiva ( Infective conjunctivitis – bacterial, chlamydial, viral , Allergic conjunctivitis, Granulomatous conjunctivitis) ¾ Degenerative conditions ¾ ( Pinguecula, Pterygium, Concretions) ¾ Symptomatic conditions ¾ ( Hyperaemia, Chemosis, Ecchymosis, Xerosis, Discoloration) ¾ 5.Cysts and Tumors e) CORNEA 5 ¾ Applied Anatomy and Physiology ¾ Congenital Anomalies (Megalocornea, Microcornea, Cornea plana, Congenital cloudy cornea) ¾ Inflammations of the cornea (Topographical classifications: Ulcerative keratitis and Non ulcerative ¾ Etiological classifications: Infective, Allergic, Trophic, Traumatic, Idiopathic) ¾ Degenerations ( classifications, Arcus senilis, Vogt’s white limbal girdle, Hassal-henle bodies, Lipoid Keratopathy, Band shaped keratopathy, Salzmann’s nodular degeneration, Droplet keratopathy, Pellucid Marginal degeneration) ¾ Dystrophies ( Reis Buckler dystrophy,Recurrent corneal erosion syndrome, Granualr

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--64-dystrophy,Lattice dystrophy, Macular dystrophy, cornea guttata, Fuch’s epithelial endothelial dystrophy, Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy) ¾ Keratoconus, Keratoglobus ¾ Corneal oedema, Corneal opacity, Corneal vascularisation ¾ Penetrating Keratoplasty f)

UVEAL TRACT AND SCLERA

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

Applied Anatomy, Classification of uveitis Etiology Pathology Anterior Uveitis Posterior Uveitis Purulent Uveitis Endophthalmitis Panophthalmitis Pars Planitis Tumors of uveal tract( Melanoma) Episcleritis and scleritis Clinical examination of Uveitis and Scleritis Total

10

Lecture

Written

6

46

8) Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide) 9) Evaluation Schedule: Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II EC – III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

20 20

3 Hours

40

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--65-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY SECOND YEAR - THIRD SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (20xx-20yy ) COURSE NO

:

SUBJECT TITLE

: Clinical Examination of the Visual System

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

: Optometrist (Minimum BS/B.Op t/ B.Sc optometry)

1) Course Description: This course covers various clinical optometry procedures involving external examination, anterior segment and posterior segment examination, neuroophthalmic examination, pediatric optometry examination, and Glaucoma evaluation. 2) Course Objectives: At the end of the course the students will be skilled in knowing the purpose, set-up and devices required for the test, indications and contraindications of the test, step-by-step procedures, documentation of the findings, and interpretation of the findings of the various clinical optometry procedures. 3) Text books: T Grosvenor: Primary Care Optometry, 5th edition, Butterworth – Heinneman, USA, 2007. 4) Reference Books: • • • • •

A K Khurana: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th edition, New age international (p) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 2007 D B. Elliott :Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care,3rd edition, ButterworthHeinemann, 2007 Jack J. Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach,6th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007 J.B Eskridge, J F. Amos, J D. Bartlett: Clinical Procedures in Optometry, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,1991 N B. Carlson , Dl Kurtz: Clinical Procedures for Ocular Examination ,3rd edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, 2003

5) Prerequisites:

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--66-6) Course Outline: Topic

No. of hours

Mode of teaching

Mode of evaluation

History taking,

4

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

Visual acuity estimation

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

Extraocular motility, Cover teat, Alternating cover test

2

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

Pupils Examination

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

Maddox Rod,

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

2

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

Hirschberg test, Modified Krimsky,

van Herrick, External examination of the eye, Lid Eversion Schirmer’s, TBUT, tear meniscus level, NITBUT (keratometer), Color Vision

Stereopsis, Confrontation test,

Photostress test,

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--67-3

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

3

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

Corneal Sensitivity, HVID

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

Saccades and Pursuits

1

Lectures and Demonstration

Written

Total no. hours

29

Slitlamp biomicroscopy, Direct Ophthalmoscopy,

Digital pressure, Schiotz Tonometry, Applanation Tonometry Gonioscopy

ROPLAS Amsler test,

7) Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide 8)

Evaluation Pattern:

Evaluation Component (EC)

Duration

Maximum Marks

EC – I

1 hour

20

EC – II

1 Hour

20

EC – III

1 hour

20

Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

40

Remarks

Written Exam

Written Exam

9) Practicals: Hands–on of all the procedure taught are given as practical (total hours allotted: 40 hours)

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--68-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum Bachelor Of Optometry SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY) COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Optometric Optics II

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Senior Optometrist (undergraduate or Diploma holder in optometry with adequate experience in optical industry) CO-INSTRUCTORS

: Optometrists (undergraduate)

1) Course Description: This course deals with understanding the theory behind spectacle lenses and frames, their materials, types, advantages and disadvantages, calculations involved, when and how to prescribe. It will impart construction, design application and development of lenses, particularly of the methods of calculating their power and effect. 2) Course Objectives: Skills/knowledge to be acquired at the end of this course: • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Measurement of lens power , lens centration using conventional techniques Transposition of various types of lenses Knowledge to identify different forms of lenses (equi- convex, planoconvex, periscopic, etc.) Knowledge to select the tool power for grinding process. Measurement of surface powers using lens measure. Method of laying off the lens for glazing process. Ophthalmic prism knowledge – effects, units, base-apex notation, compounding and resolving prisms. Knowledge of prism and decentration in ophthalmic lenses Knowledge of different types of materials used to make lenses and its characteristics Knowledge lens designs – single vision, bifocals, progressive lens Knowledge on tinted and protective lenses Knowledge on special lenses like iseikonic, spectacle magnifiers. Knowledge on spectacle frames – manufacture, materials

3) Text Books: Jalie M: The principles of Ophthalmic Lenses, The Association of Dispensing Opticians, London, 1972

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--69-4) Reference Books: • •

David Wilson: Practical Optical Dispensing, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 1999 C V Brooks, IM Borish: System for Ophthalmic Dispensing, Second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 1996

5) Pre-requisites: Physical Optics, Geometrical Optics 6) Course Outline: 1. Optical Lenses No.

Topic

1

Raw materials – History and General Outline, Manufacturing of Ophthalmic Blanks – Glass & Plastics, Terminology used in Lens Workshops, Surfacing process from Blanks to lenses Definition & Materials (Glass, Plastics, Polycarbonate, Triology) types and Characteristics Properties (Refractive index, specific gravity, UV cut off, impact resistance – include drop ball test, abbe value, Center thickness) Best form of lenses & Safety standards for Ophthalmic lenses (FDA, ANSI, ISI, Others) Design of High Powered Lenses Hi-index lenses, Calculation of Refractive index Bifocal designs, their manufacturing & uses (Kryptok, Univis D, Executive, Invisible, Occupational)

2 3 4 5 6

7

Progressive Addition Lenses, modified near vision lenses (designs, advantages, limitations)

8

Lens enhancements (Scratch resistant coatings – spin/dip, Anti-reflection coating, UV coating, Hydrophobic coating, anti-static coating

No. of Lectures

Mode of Teaching

Mode of Evaluation

4

Theory + Lab visit OR Video presentation

Written + Viva

4

Theory + Practicals

Written + Viva

4

Theory + Practicals Home assignments Theory + Home assignments

Written + Viva

Theory + Lab visit+ case studies Theory + Home assignments + case studies Theory + Practicals + Lab visit + Home assignments Theory + Practicals Demonstarti on

Written + Viva

2 6 3

4

9

Lens defects – Description and Detection

2

10

Glazing & edging (manual & automatic)

2

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

Assignment evaluation Written

Written + Viva

Written + Viva

Written + Viva Demonstratio n

--70-11

12

Special lenses ¾ Lenticulars ¾ Aspherics ¾ Fresnel lenses & Prisms ¾ Aniseikonic lenses ¾ Photochromics ¾ Polaroids ¾ Tinted lenses – Tints, filters Project to ensure awareness on lens availability in Indian market

6

Theory + Practicals

Written + Viva

Project

Project evaluation

2. Spectacle Frames No. 1 2 3

Topic History of Spectacles, manufacturing overview, Definition, parts & measurements Classification of frames – Materials (cover in detail), Colours and Temple position (advantages & disadvantages, where to use) Special purpose frames (sports, kids, reading)

No. of Lectures

Mode of Teaching

Mode of Evaluation

2

Theory + Demonstration

Written + Viva

4

Theory + Demonstration

Written + Viva

1

Demonstration Written + Viva

Recommendation – Lab visit and/or video presentations where recommended are important and to keep samples of all lenses & frames in the college 7) Reading Assignment: Latest informations on optometry optics available in the literatures can be given as reading assignment. This can be decided by the faculty. 8) Evaluation Component: Component EC – I EC – II

Duration

1 Hour 1 Hour

EC - III 1 hour Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

30

Written Exam

30

Written Exam And practical

30

Written Exam

40

Written Exam and Practical

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--71-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum Bachelor Of Optometry SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 20XX-20YY) COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Visual Optics II

INSTRUCTOR IN-CHARGE

: Optometrist with B.Optom

1. Course Description: This course deals with the concept of eye as an optical instrument and thereby covers various optical components of eye, types of refractive errors, clinical approach in diagnosis and management of various types of refractive errors. 2. Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able • to understand the fundamentals of optical components of the eye • to gain theoretical knowledge and practical skill on visual acuity measurement, objective and subjective clinical refraction. 3. Text books: • •

A H Tunnacliffe: Visual optics, The Association of British Optician, 1987 AG Bennett & RB Rabbets: Clinical Visual optics, 3rd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, 1998

4. Reference Books: • • • • •

M P Keating: Geometric, Physical and Visual optics, 2nd edition, ButterworthHeinemann, USA, 2002 HL Rubin: Optics for clinicians, 2nd edition, Triad publishing company. Florida, 1974. H Obstfeld: Optic in Vision- Foundations of visual optics & associated computations, 2nd edition, Butterworth, UK, 1982. WJ Benjamin: Borish’s clinical refraction,2nd edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Missouri, USA,2006 T Grosvenor: Primary Care Optometry,4th edition, Butterworth – heinneman,USA,2002

5) Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Physical optics, Ocular Physiology

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--72-6) Course outline: Topic

No. of hours

Mode of teaching

Mode of evaluation

9 hours

Lectures

MCQs

6 hours

Lectures and seminars

MCQs and written

3.Objective refraction ¾ Streak Retinoscopy only

3 Hours

Lectures and practicals

Practical and Viva

4.Subjective Refraction

9 hours

Lectures and practicals

Written and practicals

1.Refractive conditions ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

Emmetropia Myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism Accommodation Presbyopia Anisometropia and Aniseikonia Aphakia and Pseudophakia

2.Accommodation ¾ Far and near points of accommodation ¾ Correction of spherical ametropia ¾ Axial versus refractive ametropia ¾ Relationship between accommodation and convergence, AC / A ratio

¾ Review of subjective refractive methods ¾ Cross cylinder methods for astigmatism, Astigmatic Fan Test ¾ Difficulties in subjective and objective tests and their avoidance ¾ Ocular refraction versus spectacle refraction ¾ Ocular accommodation versus spectacle accommodation ¾ Spectacle magnification and relative spectacle

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--73-magnification ¾ Retinal image blur; depth of focus and depth of field ¾ Prescribing Prisms / Binocular Refraction Total no. of hours

27 hours

7. Reading Assignment: Faculty can decide 8. Evaluation Pattern: Evaluation Component (EC)

Duration

Maximum Marks

EC – I

1 hour

20

EC – II

1 Hour

20

EC – III

1 hour

20

Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

40

Remarks

Written Exam

Written Exam

9) Practicals: Hand-on clinical refraction procedure – retinoscopy, keratometry, and subjective refraction will be taught.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--74-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY SECOND YEAR – THIRD SEMESTER (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200) COURSE NO. COURSE TITLE INSTRUCTOR IN- CHARGE CO – INSTRUCTORS

: : Ocular Disease - II : Ophthalmologist : Optometrist (Minimum UG in Optometry)

1. Course Description: This course deals with various ocular diseases affecting various parts of the eyes. It covers clinical signs and symptoms, cause, pathophysiological mechanism, diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis and management aspects of the ocular diseases. 2. Course Objective: At the end of the course the students will be knowledgeable in the following aspects of ocular diseases: knowledge • on the etiology, • epidemiology, • symptoms, • signs, • course sequelae of ocular disease, • diagnostic approach, and • management of the ocular diseases. 3. Text books: A K Khurana: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th edition, New age international (p) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 2007 4. Refernce Books: • Stephen J. Miller : Parsons Diseases of the Eye, 18th edition, Churchill Livingstone, 1990 • Jack J. Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach, 6th edition, Butterworth- Heinemann, 2007 5. Prerequisites: Ocular anatomy and Ocular Physiology, Ocular Biochemistry and Microbiology, Pharmacology

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--75-6. Course Outline: No. 1

Topics Retina and Vitreous:

No of Lectures 12

Mode of Teaching Lecture

Mode of Evaluation Written

4

Lecture

Written

¾ Applied Anatomy ¾ Congenital and Developmental Disorders ( Optic Disc: Coloboma, Drusen, Hypoplasia, Medullated nerve fibers; Persistent Hyaloid Artery) ¾ Inflammatory disorders ( Retinitis : Acute purulent , Bacterial, Virus, mycotic) ¾ Retinal Vasculitis ( Eales’s) ¾ Retinal Artery Occlusion ( Central retinal Artery occlusion) ¾ Retinal Vein occlusion ( Ischaemic, Non Ischaemic , Branch retinal vein occlusion) ¾ Retinal degenerations : Retinitis Pigmentosa, Lattice degenerations ¾ Macular disorders: Solar retinopathy, central serous retinopathy, cystoid macular edema, Age related macular degeneration. ¾ Retinal Detachement: Rhegmatogenous, Tractional, Exudative) ¾ Retinablastoma 2

Ocular Injuries: Terminology : Closed globe injury ( contusion, lamellar laceration) Open globe injury ( rupture, laceration, penetrating injury, peforating injury) ¾ Mechanical injuries ( Extraocular foreign body, blunt trauma, perforating injury, sympathetic ophthalmitis) ¾ Non Mechanical Injuries ( Chemical injuries, Thermal, Electrical, Radiational) ¾ Clinical approach towards ocular injury patients

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--76-3

Lens ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

¾ ¾ ¾ 4

10

Lecture

Written

12

Lecture

Written

10

Lecture

Written

Applied Anatomy and Physiology Clinical examination Classification of cataract Congenital and Developmental cataract Acquired ( Senile, Traumatic, Complicated, Metabolic, Electric, Radiational, Toxic) Morphological: Capsular, Subcapsular, Cortical, Supranuclear, Nuclear, Polar. Management of cataract ( Non surgical and surgical measures; preoperative evaluation, Types of surgeries,) Complications of cataract surgery Displacement of lens: Subluxation, Displacement Lens coloboma, Lenticonus, Microsperophakia.

Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology ¾ Anatomy of visual pathway ¾ Lesions of the visual pathway ¾ Pupillary reflexes and abnormalities (Amaurotic light reflex, Efferent pathway defect, Wernicke’s hemianopic pupil, Marcus gunn pupil. Argyll Robetson pupil, Adie’s tonic pupil) ¾ Optic neuritis, Anterior Ischemic optic neuropathy, Pappilloedema, optic atrophy ¾ Cortical blindness ¾ Malingering ¾ Nystagmus ¾ Clinical examination

5

Glaucoma ¾ Applied anatomy and physiology of anterior segment ¾ Clinical Examination ¾ Definitions and classification of glaucoma ¾ Pathogenesis of glaucomatous ocular damage ¾ Congenital glaucomas

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--77-Primary open angle glaucoma Ocular hypertension Normal Tension Glaucoma Primary angle closure glaucoma ( Primary angle closure suspect, Intermittent glaucoma, acute congestive, chronic angle closure) ¾ Secondary Glaucomas ¾ Management : common medications, laser intervention and surgical techniques Total hours ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

46

7. Reading Assignments: Faculty can decide on the topics. This will kindle interest among the students to refer books and journals. 8. Evaluation Schedule: Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II EC – III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

20

Written Exam

20 3 Hours

40

Written Exam

INSTRUCTOR-IN-CHARGE

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--78--

Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )

COURSE NO. COURSE TITLE INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE CO-INSTRUCTOR

: : Ocular Pharmacology : Pharmacologist with B Pharm/ M Pharm : Ophthalmologist

1. Course Description: This course covers the actions, uses, adverse effects and mode of administration of drugs, especially related to eyes. 2. Course Objective: At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable in the following: • •

basic principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics commonly used ocular drugs, mechanism, indications, contraindications, drug dosage, and adverse effects.

3. Textbook: • •

K D TRIPATHI: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 5th edition, Jaypee, New Delhi, 2004 Ashok Garg: Manual of Ocular Therapeutics, Jaypee, NewDelhi, 1996

4. Reference Books: T J Zimmerman, K S Kooner, M Sharir, R D Fechtner: Text Book of Ocular Pharmacology, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1997 5. Prerequisites: General Physiology, Biochemistry 6. Course Plan: NO.

Topics

1

Pharmacokinetics : Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion Pharmacodynamics : Drug Handling by the body – effect of drug and the relationship between drug concentration and response Drug – Receptor interactions Ocular Pharmacology : Drug Handling by cells and Tissues - Pharmacokinetics ,and Pharmacodynamics– specific to ocular –

2 3 4

No of Lectures 4

Mode of Teaching Lecture

Mode of Evaluation Written

2

Lecture

Written

1 2

Lecture Lecture

Written Written

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--79-5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

surface and intraocular conditions Delivery methods of Ocular Medication: Residence in the Conjunctival sac, drug vehicles affect drug delivery, advanced ocular delivery systems Reconstituting the tear film: Tear Substitutes Ocular Drugs and the Autonomic Nervous system: Parasympathetic( antimuscaranic) and Sympathetic Intraocular pressure Drugs Eicosanoids : prostaglandins,thromboxaes and leukotrienes Serotonin : Neurotransmitter; Glucocorticoids, Immunosuppressive agents Local Anaesthetics Ocular Toxicity from systemic administration of Drugs Total No. of lectures

2

Lecture

Written

1

Lecture

Assignment

2

Lecture

Assignment

2 2

Lecture Lecture

Assignment Written

2

Lecture

Written

2 2

Lecture Lecture

Written Assignment

24

7. Reading Assignment: (faculty has to decide on the relevant topics) This will motivate the students to refer many books and journals. 8. Evaluation Schedule:Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II EC – III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

20 20

3 Hours

40

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--80-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY SECOND YEAR - FOURTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (20XX-20YY ) COURSE NO. COURSE TITLE INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE CO-INSTRUCTOR

: : Pathology : Pathologist : Ophthalmologist

1) Course Description: This course describes basic aspects of disease processes with reference to specific entities relevant in optometry/ophthalmology. 2) Course Objective: At the end of the course students will acquire knowledge in the following aspects : • •

Inflammation and repair aspects. Pathology of various eye parts and adnexa

3) Text books: K S Ratnagar: Pathology of the eye & orbit, Jaypee brothers Medical Publishers, 1997 4) Reference books: • •

CORTON KUMAR AND ROBINS: Pathological Basis of the Disease, 7th Edition, Elsevier, newDelhi, 2004. S R Lakhani Susan AD & Caroline JF: Basic Pathology: An introduction to the mechanism of disease, 1993.

5) Prerequisites: Higher Secondary Biology, General and Ocular Anatomy, General and Ocular Physiology 6) Course plan: No. 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Topics General Pathology : Principles Pathophysiology of Ocular Angiogenesis Ocular Infections Pathology of cornea and Conjunctiva Pathology of Uvea Pathology of Glaucoma Pathology of Retina Pathology of retina in systemic disease/disorders Pathology of eyelids and adnexa Pathology of orbital space occupying lesions Pathology of the optic nerve

No of Lectures 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--81-11 12

Retinoblastoma Pathology of Lens

3 1 20

Total

7. Reading Assignments: Faculty should make the student develop habit of referring books and journals. The topic of the assignments can be decided by the faculty. 8. Evaluation schedule: Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II EC – III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

20 20

3 Hours

40

Note: Faculty are encouraged to show students various Histopathological slides during the course for better understanding of the concepts.

INSTRUCTOR INCHARGE

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--82--

Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )

COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: Contact Lenses I

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

: Optometrist

CO- INSTRUCTORS

: CL Practitioner (Non Academic)

1. Course Description: The subject provides the student with suitable knowledge both in theoretical and practical aspects of Contact Lenses.

2. Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to: • • • • • •

Understand the basics of contact lenses List the important properties of contact lenses Finalise the CL design for various kinds patients Recognize various types of fitting Explain all the procedures to patient Identify and manage the adverse effects of contact lens

3. Text books: • • • • •

IACLE modules 1 - 10 CLAO Volumes 1, 2, 3 Anthony J. Phillips : Contact Lenses, 5th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006 Elisabeth A. W. Millis: Medical Contact Lens Practice, ButterworthHeinemann, 2004 E S. Bennett ,V A Henry :Clinical manual of Contact Lenses, 3rd edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008

4. Reference Books: 5. Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Visual optics, Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology, Biochemistry, Ocular Microbiology, Ocular Disease, Optometric Instruments

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--83-6. Course Outline:

No.

Topics

1

Introduction to Contact lenses ¾ Definition ¾ Classification / Types

2

History of Contact Lenses

No of Lecture(s)

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture Lecture

Written Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture & Industry lab visit Lecture & Practical

Written

Lecture Lecture & Practical

Written Practical

1

3

3

5

Mode of Evaluation Written

1

Optics of Contact Lenses ¾ Magnification & Visual field ¾ Accommodation & Convergence ¾ Back & Front Vertex Power / Vertex distance calculation

4

Mode of Teaching Lecture

Review of Anatomy & Physiology of ¾ Tear film ¾ Cornea ¾ Lids & Conjunctiva Introduction to CL materials ¾ Monomers, Polymers Properties of CL materials ¾ Physiological (Dk, Ionicity, Water content) ¾ Physical (Elasticity, Tensile strength, Rigidity) ¾ Optical (Transmission, Refractive index)

2

2

6 7

Indications and contraindications

3 2

8

Parameters / Designs of Contact Lenses & Terminology

3

9

RGP Contact Lens materials

1

10

Manufacturing Rigid and Soft Contact Lenses – various methods

11 12

Pre-Fitting examination – steps, significance, recording of results Correction of Astigmatism with RGP lens

3 2

14

Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum – on spherical cornea with spherical lenses

1

1

Practical

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--84--

15

Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum – on Toric cornea with spherical lenses

16

Calculation and finalising Contact lens parameters

17

Ordering Rigid Contact Lenses – writing a prescription to the Laboratory

1

18

Checking and verifying Contact lenses from Laboratory

1

19

Modifications possible with Rigid lenses

1

20

Common Handling Instructions ¾ Insertion & Removal Techniques ¾ Do’s and Dont’s

21

Care and Maintenance of Rigid lenses ¾ Cleaning agents & Importance ¾ Rinsing agents & Importance ¾ Disinfecting agents & importance ¾ Lubricating & Enzymatic cleaners

22 23

Follow up visit examination

1

Lecture & Practical

Practical

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Practical

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

1

1

3

Complications of RGP lenses

1 2

Total No. of lectures

37

7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide) 8. Evaluation Schedule: Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II EC – III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

20 20

3 Hours

40

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--85-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )

COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: LOW VISION AIDS

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

: Optometrist with Low vision clinical experience

1. Course Description: This course deal with the definition of low vision, epidemiology aspect of visual impairment, types of low vision devices and its optical principles, clinical approach of the low vision patients, assistive devices for totally visually challenged, art of prescribing low vision devices and training the low vision patients and other rehabilitation measures. 2. Course Objectives: At the end of the course , the student will be knowledgeable in the following: • • • • •

Definition and epidemiology of Low Vision Clinical examination of Low vision subjects Optical, Non-Optical, Electronic, and Assistive devices. Training for Low Vision subjects with Low vision devices Referrals and follow-up

3. Text books: • •

Christine Dickinson: Low Vision: Principles and Practice Low vision care, 4th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998 E Vaithilingam: practice of Low vision – A guide book, Medical Research Foundation, 2000.

4. Reference Books: • • •

Richard L. Brilliant: Essentials of Low Vision Practice, ButterworthHeinemann, 1999 Helen Farral: optometric Management of Visual Handicap, Blackwell Scientific publications, 1991 A J Jackson, J S Wolffsohn: Low Vision Manual, Butterworth Heinnemann, 2007

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--86-5. Course Plan: Number of lectures

Topics Definitions & classification of Low vision Epidemiology of low vision Model of low vision service Pre-clinical evaluation of low vision patients – prognostic & psychological factors; psychosocial impact of low vision Types of low vision aids – optical aids, non-optical aids & electronic devices Optics of low vision aids

Mode of Teaching

Mode of Evaluation

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture/Demonstr ation

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Discussion

Viva- Voce

1 1 1 3

1 Clinical evaluation – assessment of visual acuity, visual field, selection of low vision aids, instruction & training

3

Pediatric Low Vision care

4

Low vision aids – dispensing & prescribing aspects

1

Visual rehabilitation & counseling

1

Legal aspects of Low vision in India

1

Case Analysis

5

Total hours

21

7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide on the reading assignments. The only guideline to the faculty is to make sure that the topics for reading assignment to be from recent journals. This will motivate the students to read recent scientific journals.)

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--87-8. Evaluation Component: Component

Duration

Date & Time

EC – I EC – II

Max. Marks 20

1 Hour

Remarks Faculty Choice Written Exam

20 Faculty Choice

EC – III 20 Comprehensive Examination

Written Exam 3 Hours

40

9. Practical: a) Practical 1: ¾ Attending in low vision care clinic and history taking. b) Practical 2: ¾ Determining the type of telescope and its magnification (Direct comparison method & calculated method) ¾ Determining the change in field of view with different magnification and different eye to lens distances with telescopes and magnifiers. c) Practical 3: ¾ Inducing visual impairment and prescribing magnification. ¾ Determining reading speed with different types of low vision aids with same magnification. ¾ Determining reading speed with a low vision aid of different magnifications.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--88-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 )

COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: Geriatric Optometry

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

: Optometrists / Ophthalmologists

1. Course Description : This course deals with general and ocular physiological changes of ageing, common geriatric systemic and ocular diseases, clinical approach in geriatric patients, pharmacological aspects of ageing, and spectacle dispensing aspects in ageing patients. 2. Course Objectives: The student on taking this course should • • • •

be able to identify, investigate the age related changes in the eyes. be able to counsel the elderly be able to dispense spectacles with proper instructions. adequately gained knowledge on common ocular diseases.

3. Text Books: A.J. ROSSENBLOOM Jr & M.W.MORGAN: Vision and Aging, Butterworth-Heinemann, Missouri, 2007. 4. Reference Books: • • •

OP Sharma: Geriatric Care – A textbook of geriatrics and Gerontology, viva books, New Delhi, 2005 VS Natarajan: An update on Geriatrics, Sakthi Pathipagam, Chennai, 1998 DE Rosenblatt, VS Natarajan: Primer on geriatric Care A clinical approach to the older patient, Printers Castle, Cochin, 2002

5. Prerequisites: Ocular anatomy, Physiology, Ocular Disease

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--89-6. Course Outline: No.

Topics

Number of Lectures

Mode of Teaching

Mode of Evaluati on

1

Structural , and morphological changes of eye in elderly

2

Lecture

Written

2

Physiological changes in eye in the course of aging.

2

Lecture

Seminar

3

Introduction to geriatric medicine – epidemiology , need for optometry care, systemic diseases (Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, congestive Heart failure, Cerebrovascular disease, Diabetes, COPD)

3

Lecture

Written

4

Optometric Examination of the Older Adult

2

Lecture

Writing Assignme nt

5

Ocular diseases common in old eye, with special reference to cataract, glaucoma, macular disorders, vascular diseases of the eye

4

Lecture

Written

6

Contact lenses in elderly

1

Lecture

Written

7

Pharmacological aspects of aging

2

Lecture

Written

8

Low vision causes, management and rehabilitation in geriatrics.

4

Lecture

Written

9

Spectacle dispensing in elderly – Considerations of spectacle lenses and frames

4

Lecture

Written

Total Number of Lectures

25

7. Reading assignment: Latest journal reading on the aging issues. This can be decided by the faculty.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--90--

8. Evaluation Component: Component

Duration

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

EC – I

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

EC – II

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

70

Written Exam

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--91-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 ) COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: Pediatric optometry

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Optometrists / Ophthalmologists (preferable with pediatric clinical experience) 1.

Course Description: This course is designed to provide the students adequate knowledge in theoretical and practical aspects of diagnosis, and management of eye conditions related to pediatric population. Also it will inculcate the skill of transferring/communicating the medical information to the attender /patient by the students. The scope of this subject is to train the optometrists to develop a systematic way of dealing with children below 12, so as to implement primary eye care and have better, specialized management of anomalies.

2.

Course Objectives: At the end of the course the student is expected to : • • • • •

• •

3.

have a knowledge of the principal theories of childhood development, and visual development have the ability to take a thorough paediatric history which encompasses the relevant developmental, visual, medical and educational issues be familiar with the accommodative-vergence system, the genesis of ametropia, the disorders of refraction, accommodation and vergence, and the assessment and management of these disorders be familiar with the aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment of amblyopia, comitant strabismus and commonly presenting incomitant strabismus have a knowledge of the epidemiology of eye disease in children, the assessment techniques available for examining visual function of children of all ages and an understanding varied management concepts of paediatric vision disorders have knowledge of the art of dispensing contact lens, low vision aids and referral to the surgeon or other specialists at the appropriate timing. have a capacity for highly evolved communication and co-management with other professionals involved in paediatric assessment and care

Text books : • Pediatric Optometry - JEROME ROSNER, Butterworth, London 1982 • Paediatric Optometry – William Harvey/ Bernard Gilmartin, Butterworth – Heinemann, 2004

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--92-4.

References: •

Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility - VON NOORDEN G K Burian Von Noorden’s, 2nd Ed., C.V.Mosby Co. St. Louis, 1980.

•

Assessing Children's Vision. By Susan J Leat, Rosalyn H Shute, Carol A Westall.45 Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.

•

Clinical pediatric optometry. LJ Press, BD Moore, Butterworth- Heinemann, 1993

5. Prerequisites: 6. Course Outline: No 1

Topics

Number of Lectures

Mode of Teaching

Mode of Evaluation

The Development of Eye and Vision

2

Lecture

Written

2

History taking Paediatric subjects

2

Lecture

Written

3

Assessment of visual acuity

1

Lecture

Seminar

4

Normal appearance, pathology and

2

Lecture

Writing

structural anomalies of

Assignment

a) Orbit, Eye lids, Lacrimal system, b) Conjunctiva, Cornea, Sclera

2

Lecture

Assignment

Anterior chamber, Uveal tract, Pupil c) Lens, vitreous, Fundus

Writing

1

Lecture

Written

Oculomotor system 5

Refractive Examination

2

Lecture

Written

6

Determining binocular status

1

Lecture

Written

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--93-7

Determining sensory motor adaptability

1

Lecture

Written

8

Compensatory treatment and remedial

2

Lecture

Written

2

Lecture

Written

3

Lecture

Written

2

Lecture

Written

therapy for : Myopia, Pseudomyopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism, Anisometropia, Amblyopia 9

Remedial and Compensatory treatment of Strabismus and Nystagmus

10

Paediatric eye disorders : Cataract, Retinopathy of Prematurity, Retinoblastoma, Neuromuscular conditions (myotonic dystrophy, mitochondrial cytopathy), and Genetics

11

Anterior segment dysgenesis, Aniridia, Microphthalmos, Coloboma, Albinism

12

Spectacle dispensing for children

3

Lecture

Seminar

13

Paediatric contact lenses

2

Lecture

Seminar

14

Low vision assessment in children

2

Lecture

Seminar

Total Number of Lectures

30

6. Reading Assignment: Faculty Decision:

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--94-7. Evaluation Component: Component

Duration

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

EC – I

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

EC – II

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

Comprehensive Examination

Written Exam 3 Hours

70

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--95-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR – FIFTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (200-200 ) COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Binocular Vision I

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

: Graduate Optometrist and/or Ophthalmologist

CO – INSTRUCTOR

: Optometrist

1. Course Description: This course provides theoretical aspects of Binocular Vision and its clinical application. It deals with basis of normal binocular vision and space perception, Gross anatomy and physiology of extrocular muscles, various binocular vision anomalies, its diagnostic approaches and management. 2. Course Objectives: On successful completion of this module, a student will be expected to be able to:• • •

Demonstrate an in-depth knowledge of the gross anatomy and physiology relating to the extroocular muscles. Provide a detailed explanation of, and differentiate between the aetiology, investigation and management of binocular vision anomalies. Adapt skills and interpret clinical results following investigation of binocular vision anomalies appropriately and safely.

3. Text Books: • • • •

Pradeep Sharma: Strabismus simplified, New Delhi, First edition, 1999, Modern publishers. Fiona J. Rowe: Clinical Orthoptics, second edition, 2004, Blackwell Science Ltd Gunter K. Von Noorden: BURIAN- VON NOORDEN’S Binocular vision and ocular motility theory and management of strabismus, Missouri, Second edition, 1980, C. V. Mosby Company Mitchell Scheiman; Bruce Wick: Clinical Management of Binocular Vision Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders, 2008, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins publishers

4. Reference Books: Faculty choice

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--96-5. Pre-requisites: Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology 6. Course outline: No. 1.

Name of the topic Binocular Vision and Space perception.

Number of lectures 6

Mode of teaching

Assessment

Lecture and Demonstration

Written and practical

Lecture and Demonstration

Written and practical

¾ Relative subjective visual direction. ¾ Retino motor value ¾ Grades of BSV ¾ SMP and Cyclopean Eye ¾ Correspondence, ¾ Fusion, Diplopia, Retinal rivalry ¾ Horopter ¾ Physiological Diplopia and Suppression ¾ Stereopsis, Panum’s area, BSV. ¾ Stereopsis and monocular clues significance. ¾ Egocentric location, clinical applications. ¾ Theories of Binocular vision. 2.

Anatomy of Extra Ocular Muscles.

4

¾ Rectii and Obliques, LPS. ¾ Innervation & Blood Supply. Physiology of Ocular movements. ¾ Center of rotation, Axes of Fick. ¾ Action of individual muscle. Laws of ocular motility ¾ Donder’s and Listing’s law ¾ Sherrington’s law ¾ Hering’s law Uniocular & Binocular movements fixation, saccadic & pursuits. ¾ Version & Vergence. ¾ Fixation & field of fixation

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--97-3.

3

Near Vision Complex Accommodation ¾ Definition and mechanism (process). ¾ Methods of measurement. ¾ Stimulus and innervation. ¾ Types of accommodation. ¾ Anomalies of accommodation – aetiology and management.

Lecture and Demonstration

Written and practical

Practicals

Lecture and Demonstration

Written and practical

Convergence ¾ Definition and mechanism. ¾ Methods of measurement. ¾ Types and components of convergence - Tonic, accommodative, fusional, proximal. ¾ Anomalies of Convergence – aetiology and management.

5

5.

Sensory adaptations Confusion

1

Lecture

Written

6.

Suppression Investigations Management Blind spot syndrome

4

Lecture Practical

Written and Practical

7.

Abnormal Retinal Correspondence Investigation and management Blind spot syndrome Eccentric Fixation Investigation and management

1

Lecture Practical

Written and Practical

1

Lecture Practical

Written

Amblyopia Classification Aeitiology Investigation Management

4

Lecture Practical

Written and Practical

4.

8. 9.

Practicals

6. Reading Assignments: Faculty Choice 7. Evaluation Component: Component

Duration

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

EC – I

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

EC – II

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--98--

Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR - FIFTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)

COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: Systemic Diseases

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

: Ophthalmologists/ General Physician

1. Course Description: This course deals with definition, classification, clinical diagnosis, complications, and management of various systemic diseases. In indicated cases ocular manifestations also will be discussed. 2. Course Objectives: At the end of the course, students should get acquainted with the following: • Common Systemic conditions: Definition, diagnostic approach, complications and management options • Ocular findings of the systemic conditions • First Aid knowledge 3. Text book: 1) C Haslett, E R Chilvers, N A boon, N R Coledge, J A A Hunter: Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, Ed. John Macleod, 19th Ed., ELBS/Churchill Livingstone. (PPM), 2002 2) Basic and clinical Science course: Update on General Medicine, American Academy of Ophthalmology, Section 1, 1999 4. Reference books: 5. Prerequisites: Ocular Disease, General Physiology and Anatomy, Ocular Physiology and Anatomy, Pharmacology

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--99-6. Course Outline: No 1

Topics Hypertension

Number of Lectures 4

Mode of Teaching

Mode of Evaluation

Lecture

Written

4

Lecture

Seminar

4

Lecture

Seminar

4

Lecture

Writing Assignment

4

Lecture

Writing Assignment

4

Lecture

Written

¾ Definition, classification, Epidemiology, clinical examination, complications, and management. ¾ Hypertensive retinopathy 2

Diabetes Mellitus ¾ Classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management, Complications ¾ Diabetic Retinopathy

3

Thyroid Disease ¾ Physiology, testing for thyroid disease, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothroidism, Thyroiditis, Thyroid tumors ¾ Grave’s Ophthalmopathy

3

Acquired Heart Disease ¾ Ischemic Heart Disease, Congestive heart failure, Disorders of cardiac rhythm ¾ Ophthalmic considerations

4

Cancer : ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

5

Incidence Etiology Therapy Ophthalmologic considerations

Connective Tissue Disease ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

Rheumatic arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Scleroderma Polymyositis and dermatomyositis Sjogren syndrome Behcet’s syndrome Eye and connective tissue disease

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--100-6

Tuberculosis

4

Lecture

Written

¾ Aetiology, pathology, clinical features, pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnosis, complications, treatment tuberculosis and the eye. 7

Herpes virus ( Herepes simplex, Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr Virus) Herpes and the eye

3

Lecture

Written

8

Hepatitis ( Hepatitis A, B, C)

2

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

9

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

4

10

Anemia ( Diagnosis, clinical evaluation, consequences, Sickle cell disease, treatment, Ophthalmologic considerations)

2

9

Common Tropical Medical Ailments

4

Lecture

Written

2

Lecture

Written

2 4

Lecture Lecture/ Demonstr ation

Written Written

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 10

Nutritional and Metabolic disorders: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

11 12

Malaria Typhoid Dengue Filariases Onchocerciasis Cysticercosis Leprosy

Obesity Hyperlipidaemias Kwashiorkor Vitamin A Deficiency Vitamin D Deficiency Vitamin E Deficiency Vitamin K Deficiency Vitamin B1,B2, Deficiency Vitamin C Deficiency

Myasthenia Gravis ¾ First Aid ¾ General Medical Emergencies ¾ Preoperative precautions in ocular surgeries

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--101-13

Psychiatry

2

Lecture

Writing Assignment

Genetics

4

Lecture

Writing Assignment

¾ Introduction to genetics ¾ Organisation of the cell ¾ Chromosome structure and cell division ¾ Gene structure and basic principles of Genetics. ¾ Genetic disorders and their diagnosis. ¾ Genes and the eye ¾ Genetic counseling and genetic engineering. ¾ Total Number of Lectures

57

¾ Basic knowledge of psychiatric condition and ¾ Patient Management 14

7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide on the reading assignments. The only guideline to the faculty is to make sure that the topics for reading assignment to be from recent journals. This will motivate the students to read recent scientific journals.) 8. Evaluation Component: Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II

1 Hour

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

20

Faculty Choice Written Exam

20 Faculty Choice

EC – III 20 Comprehensive Examination

Written Exam 3 Hours

40

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--102-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)

COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: Contact Lenses II

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

: Optometrist

CO- INSTRUCTORS

: CL Practitioner (Non Academic)

1. Course Description: The subject provides the student with suitable knowledge both in theoretical and practical aspects of Contact Lenses. 2. Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to: • • • • • •

Understand the basics of contact lenses List the important properties of contact lenses Finalise the CL design for various kinds patients Recognize various types of fitting Explain all the procedures to patient Identify and manage the adverse effects of contact lens

3. Text books: • • • • •

IACLE modules 1 - 10 CLAO Volumes 1, 2, 3 Anthony J. Phillips : Contact Lenses, 5th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006 Elisabeth A. W. Millis: Medical Contact Lens Practice, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004 E S. Bennett ,V A Henry :Clinical manual of Contact Lenses, 3rd edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008

4. Reference Books: 5. Prerequisites: Geometrical optics, Visual optics, Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology, Biochemistry, Ocular Microbiology, Ocular Disease, Optometric Instruments

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--103-6. Course outline: No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Topics SCL Materials & Review of manufacturing techniques Comparison of RGP vs. SCL Pre-fitting considerations for SCL Fitting philosophies for SCL SCL fitting assessment Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum Calculation and finalising SCL parameters Disposable lenses a) Advantages and availability Soft Toric CL

No of Lecture(s)

Mode of Teaching Lecture

Mode of Evaluation Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture

Written Written Written Written Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture Lecture Lecture

Written Written Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

2 1 2 1 2 3 2 1

¾ Stabilization techniques ¾ Parameter selection ¾ Fitting assessment 2

8 Common Handling Instructions ¾ Insertion & Removal Techniques ¾ Do’s and Dont’s

1

9 Care and Maintenance of Soft lenses ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 10 11 12

Cleaning agents & Importance Rinsing agents & Importance Disinfecting agents & importance Lubricating & Enzymatic cleaners

Follow up visit examination Complications of Soft lenses Therapeutic contact lenses ¾ Indications ¾ Fitting consideration

2 2 4

1

13 Specialty fitting ¾ Aphakia ¾ Pediatric ¾ Post refractive surgery 14

Introduction to Bifocal CL Total Number of lectures

3 1 30

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--104-7. Assignment: The student should consult all the manufacturers of RGP lenses and list down various products (Lenses, care products and accessories) available with them. Detailed parameters along with manufacturer recommendation should be noted. Also students will be encouraged to read books and journals and submit a report to the faculty. The topics of the same can be decided by the faculty. 8. Evaluation Component: Component

Duration

Date & Time

EC – I EC – II

1 Hour

Max. Marks

Remarks

20

Faculty Choice Written Exam

20 Practicals

EC – III Comprehensive Examination

20 Written Exam 3 Hours

40

9) Practical: (50 hours) • • • • • • • • • • •

Pre fitting evaluation RGP CL insertion & Removal Fitting assessment Over refraction Follow up examination SCL insertion & Removal Fitting assessment Over refraction Follow-up Examination Toric contact lens fitting and assessment Cosmetic contact lens fitting and assessment

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--105--

Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200) COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Binocular Vision II

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Post Graduate/Graduate Optometrist CO – INSTRUCTORS

: Optometrist

1. Course Description: This course deals with understanding of strabismus, its classification, necessary orthoptic investigations, diagnosis and non surgical management. Along with theoretical knowledge it teaches the clinical aspects and application. 2. Course Objective: The objective of this course is to inculcate the student with the knowledge of different types of strabismus its etiology signs and symptoms, necessary investigations and also management. The student on completion of the course should be able to independently investigate and diagnose case of strabismus with comments in respect to retinal correspondence and binocular single vision. The student should be able to perform all the investigations to check retinal correspondence, state of Binocular Single Vision, angle of deviation and special investigations for paralytic strabismus. 3. Text Books: • • • •

Pradeep Sharma: Strabismus simplified, New Delhi, First edition, 1999, Modern publishers. Fiona J. Rowe: Clinical Orthoptics, second edition, 2004, Blackwell Science Ltd Gunter K. Von Noorden: BURIAN- VON NOORDEN’S Binocular vision and ocular motility theory and management of strabismus, Missouri, Second edition, 1980, C. V. Mosby Company Mitchell Scheiman; Bruce Wick: Clinical Management of Binocular Vision Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders, 2008, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins publishers

4. Reference Books: Faculty Choice 5. Pre-requisites: Ocular Anatomy, Ocular Physiology, Binocular Vision – I,

6. Course outline:

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--106--

No.

Name of the topic

Number of lectures

Mode of teaching

Assessment

1

Lecture

Written

1.

Neuro-muscular anomalies Classification and etiological factors

2.

History – recording and significance.

1

Lecture and role plays

Practical

3.

Convergent strabismus

4

Lecture and Demonstratio n

Written and practical

3

Lecture and Demonstratio n

Written and practical

1

Lecture and Demonstratio n

Written and practical

Lecture and demonstratio n

Written and practical

¾ Accommodative convergent squint ¾ Classification ¾ Investigation and Management ¾ B Non accommodative Convergent squint ¾ Classification ¾ Investigation and Management 4.

5.

6.

7.

Divergent Strabismus Classification A& V phenomenon Investigation and Management Vertical strabismus Classification Investigation and Management Paralytic Strabismus Acquired and Congenital Clinical Characteristics Distinction from comitant and restrictive Squint Investigations ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

History and symptoms Head Posture Diplopia Charting Hess chart PBCT

3

12

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--107--

8.

9..

10.

¾ Nine directions ¾ Binocular field of vision Non surgical Management of Squint Restrictive Strabismus Features ¾ Musculo fascical anomalies ¾ Duane’s Retraction syndrome ¾ Clinical features and management ¾ Brown’s Superior oblique sheath syndrome ¾ Strabismus fixus ¾ Congenital muscle fibrosis Surgical management Total Number of Hours

2

Lecture

3

Lecture

Written

1 31

Lecture

Written

7. Reading Assignment: Faculty Choice 8. Evaluation Component: Component

Duration

EC – I EC – II

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--108-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR - SECOND SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)

COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: Public Health and Community Optometry

INSTRUCTOR INCHARGE : Optometrist or Ophthalmologist with additional qualification Preferably Master of Community eye health /Diploma in Community eye health / Public Health Ophthalmology/ Optometrist with Higher degree/diploma in Community optometry CO- INSTRUCTORS

: Optometrists

1. Course Description: Introduction to the foundation and basic sciences of public health optometry with an emphasis on the epidemiology of vision problems especially focused on Indian scenario. 2. Course Objectives: At the end of the course students will be be knowledgeable in the following areas: • • • • •

Community based eye care in India. Prevalence of various eye diseases Developing Information Education Communication materials on eye and vision care for the benefit of the public Organize health education programmes in the community Vision screening for various eye diseases in the community and for different age groups.

3. Text books: • • • •

GVS Murthy, S K Gupta, D Bachani: The principles and practice of community Ophthalmology, National programme for control of blindness, New Delhi, 2002 Newcomb RD, Jolley JL : Public Health and Community Optometry, Charles C Thomas Publisher, Illinois, 1980 K Park: Park’s Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine, 19th edition, Banarsidas Bhanot publishers, Jabalpur, 2007

4. Reference books: MC Gupta, Mahajan BK, Murthy GVS, 3rd edition. Text Book of Community Medicine, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2002 5. Prerequisites: Ocular Disease, Visual optics, Optometric Instruments, Clinical Examination of Visual System

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--109--

6. Course Outline:

No.

1

2 3 4 5

Topics Public Health Optometry: Concepts and implementation Dimensions, determinants and indicators of health Levels of disease prevention and levels of health care patterns Epidemiology of blindness – Defining blindness and visual impairment

No of Lectures

9

1

10

Vision 2020: The Right to Sight

3

11

Screening for eye diseases National and International health agencies, NPCB Role of an optometrist in Public Health Organization and Management of Eye Care Programs – Service Delivery models Health manpower and planning & Health Economics Evaluation and assessment of health programmes

4

13 14 15 16

17 18 19

Optometrists role in school eye health programmes Basics of Tele Optometry and its application in Public Health Information, Education and Communication for Eye Care programs

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Viva

Field visit

Lecture

Report writing Report writing Written

Lecture

Written

Practical

Practical

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Lecture

Written

Field Visit

Report Writing Report Writing

1

4

12

Written

1

Community Eye Care Programs Community based rehabilitation programs Nutritional Blindness with reference to Vitamin A deficiency

8

Lecture 1

1

7

Mode of Evaluation Written

1

Eye in primary health care Contrasting between Clinical and community health programs

6

Mode of Teaching Lecture

2 Field visit 2

2 1 1 1 1 Field Visit 1 Field Visit 2 Practical 1

Report Writing Developing Public Health

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--110-materials Total Lectures

26

7. Reading Assignment: (Faculty can decide on the reading assignments. The only guideline to the faculty is to make sure that the topics for reading assignment to be more from recent journals. This will motivate the students to read recent scientific journals.) Example: • Community Eye Health J 2008; 21(66): 21-23 • Community Eye Health J 2008; 21(66): 24-25 8) Evaluation schedule: Component

Duration

EC - I EC - II EC - III Comprehensive Examination

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

20 1 Hour

20

Written Exam

20 3 Hours

40

Written Exam

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--111-Common Minimum Optometry Curriculum B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - (ACADEMIC YEAR 200 - 200)

COURSE NO

:

COURSE TITLE

: Dispensing Optics

INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE : Senior Optometrist (with experience in dispensing optics) CO-INSTRUCTORS : Practicing Optometrists with experience in Optical Dispensing & Optical Laboratory In-charge 1. Course Description: This course will deal with the dispensing aspects of spectacle lenses and frames needed to manage the customer in an Optical set up, from counseling to delivering the spectacles. 2. Course Objective: Skills to be acquired at the end of this course • • • • • • • • • •

Reading of spectacle prescription Counseling the patient Lens edge thickness calculation Frame & lens measurements and selection Writing spectacle lens order Facial measurements - Interpupillary distance measurement and measuring heights (single vision, multifocal, progressives) Lens verification and axis marking and fitting of all lens types Final checking of finished spectacle with frame adjustments Delivery and follow-up Troubleshooting complaints and handling patient’s questions.

3. Text Book: • •

David Wilson: Practical Optical Dispensing, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 1999 C V Brooks, IM Borish: System for Ophthalmic Dispensing, Second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 1996

4. Reference Book: • •

David Wilson, Steve stenersen: Practical optical workshop, OTEN- DE, NSW TAFE Commission, 2002 Margaret Dowaliby: Practical Aspects of Ophthalmic optics, Fourth edition, Butterworth Heinemann, USA, 2001

5. Perquisites: Optometric optics I and II

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--112-6. Course Outline: No.

Topic

1

Components of spectacle prescription & interpretation, transposition, Add and near power relation Frame selection – based on spectacle prescription, professional requirements, age group, face shape

2

3

Measuring Inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for distance & near, bifocal height

4

Lens & Frame markings, Pupillary centers, bifocal heights, Progressive markings & adjustments – facial wrap, pantoscopic tilt

5

Recording and ordering of lenses (power, add, diameter, base, material, type, lens enhancements) Neutralization – Hand & lensometer, axis marking, prism marking

6

7

Faults in spectacles (lens fitting, frame fitting, patients complaints, description, detection and correction)

8

Final checking & dispensing of spectacles to customers, counseling on wearing & maintaining of spectacles, Accessories – Bands, chains, boxes, slevets, cleaners, screwdriver kit Spectacle repairs – tools, methods, soldering, riveting, frame adjustments

9

10

12 13

Special types of spectacle frames ¾ Monocles ¾ Ptosis crutches ¾ Industrial safety glasses ¾ Welding glasses Frame availability in Indian market FAQ’s by customers and their ideal answers

No. of Lectures

Mode of Teaching

Mode of Evaluation

1

Theory

Written + Viva

4

Theory + Demonstr ation

Theory + Viva

1

Demonstr ation + Practical

Viva

1

Demonstr ation + Practical

Viva

1

Theory

Viva

3

Demonstr ation + Practical

Viva

2

Theory + Demonstr ation

Theory + Viva

2

Demonstr ation + Role plays

Theory + Viva

1

Demonstr ation + workshop visit

Viva

1

Demonstr ation

Viva

Project

Project evaluation Viva

2

Role plays + Assignme

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--113-nts Total number of Hours

21

7. Reading Assignments: Make the students read on the pamphlets of different company products to keep abreast of knowledge. 8. Evaluation Component: Component

Duration

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

1 Hour

30

Written Exam And practical Written Exam

1 hour

30

3 Hours

40

EC – I EC – II EC - III Comprehensive Examination

Written Exam and Practical

Recommendation – Keep samples of wrongly fitted lenses, misaligned frames and special frames. Keep frame repair kit (heater, screw driver, pliers etc.) in the college. Ask all students to carry a marker pen and PD ruler

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--114-B S OPTOMETRY THIRD YEAR - SIXTH SEMESTER - ACADEMIC YEAR (2008 -2009) COURSE HANDOUT COURSE NO.

:

COURSE TITLE

: Occupational Optometry

INSTRUCTOR INCHARGE : Occupational Medicine + Optometrist 1. Course Description : This course deals with general aspects of occupational health, Visual demand in various job, task analyzing method, visual standards for various jobs, occupational hazards and remedial aspects through classroom sessions and field visit to the factories. 2. Course Objectives : At the end of the course the students will be knowledgeable in the following aspects : • • • • •

in visual requirements of jobs; in effects of physical, chemical and other hazards on eye and vision; to identify occupational causes of visual and eye problems; to be able to prescribe suitable corrective lenses and eye protective wear and to set visual requirements, standards for different jobs.

3. Text Books: R V North: Work and the eye, Second edition, Butterworth Heinnemann, 2001 4. Reference Books: • • • •

G W Good: Occupational Vision Manual available in the following website: www.aoa.org N.A. Smith: Lighting for Occupational Optometry, HHSC Handbook Series, Safchem Services, 1999 J Anshel: Visual Ergonomics Handbook, CRC Press, 2005 G Carson, S Doshi, W Harvey: Eye Essentials: Environmental & Occupational Optometry, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008

5. Prerequisites :

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--115-6.

Course Outline:

No. 1 2 3 4 5 5 6

Topics Introduction to Occupational health, hygiene and safety, international bodies like ILO, WHO, National bodies etc Acts and Rules - Factories Act, WCA,ESI Act. Electromagnetic Radiation and its effects on Eye Light – Definitions and units, Sources, advantages and disadvantages, standards Color – Definition, Color theory, Color coding, Color defects, Color Vision tests Occupational hazards and preventive/protective methods Task Analysis

No of Lectures 2 2 2 2 2 2

4

Industrial Vision Screening – Modified clinical method and Industrial Vision test Vision Standards – Railways, Roadways, Airlines

2 2

5

Visual Display Units

2

6

Contact lens and work TOTAL NO. OF LECTURES

2 20

7. Reading Assignments : Faculty can decide on the topics 8. Evaluation Component: Component

Duration

Date & Time

Max. Marks

Remarks

EC – I

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

EC – II

1 Hour

30

Written Exam

Comprehensive Examination

3 Hours

70

Written Exam

Note: Faculty should encourage the students to go and observe various industries and get hands on doing task analysis for understanding visual demand of various jobs.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--116--

CLINICAL TRAINING FROM THE FIRST YEAR TO THE LAST YEAR OF THE PROGRAMME 1) First year : a. Role play b. Clinical Observations c. Vision Check d. Basic Lensometry 2) Second year : a. History taking b. CEVS practical c. Refraction Hands On d. Clinical Observations e. Vision screening camps 3) Third year : a. Clinical Observation b. Hands-on under senior optometrists c. Case reporting d. Case discussion e. Vision screening camps f. Diagnostic interpretations g. 4) Internship : Primary Eye Care Dispensing Optics Contact Lens Low Vision Aids Orthoptics Diagnostics Anterior Segment clinic Posterior Segment Clinic

25 % 25 % 10% 10% 10% 10 % 5% 5%

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--117-Procedures

1st year

( 2nd Semester)

Minimum Number

Comments

3 cases Role Play ( PatientOptometrist)

CLINIC - I

2nd year st

(1 Semester) CLINIC -II

Clinical Observation and Report writing Vision Check ( Snellen’s Chart) – Distance + Near Lensometry (Spherical lenses) History taking ¾ General ¾ Specific ¾ Conditions

6 cases 12 cases

9 cases

Can practice on the following complaints : Blurred Vision, Headache, Pain, redness, Watering, Flashes, Floaters, Blackspots

Lensometry

100 cases

Simple Sphere, Simple cylinder, Spherocylinder (90, 180, Oblique degrees),Bifocals, PAL

Vision Check ( log MAR) Pinhole acuity

100 cases

Simulation, especially to show and ask the students to interpret the findings.

Extraocular Motility Cover test

10 cases 10 cases

Alternate Cover test

10 cases

Video output Simulation of various conditions

Hirschberg test

10 cases

Video output Simulation of various conditions

Modified Krimsky test

3 cases

Video output Simulation of various conditions

Push up test (Amplitude of Accommodation) Push up test ( Near point of Convergence) Stereopsis test Tear Break up time

Video output Simulation of various conditions

10 cases ( 1 case in presbyopic age) 10 cases 10 cases 10 cases

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--118-Amsler’s Grid test Photostress test Color vision test Schirmer’s test Confrontation test Slit lamp illumination Slit lamp examination Finger tension Schiotz Tonometry Applanation Tonometry Negative Relative Accommodation Positive Relative Accommodation von Herick Grading of Anterior chamber depth Accommodative facility(+ 2.00 D) Corneal Sensitivity test IPD Proptosis evaluation

10 cases (simulate) 10 cases ( Normals) 10 cases 10 cases 10 cases 3 cases 10 cases 10 cases (Normals) 10 cases (Normals) 10 cases (Normals) 10 cases

Simulation of various conditions

10 cases 10 cases 10 cases 10 cases 10 cases 1 demo

Ptosis evaluation Pupillary evaluation ¾ Direct ¾ Consensual ¾ RAPD HVID Maddox rod (Phoria) Negative Fusional vergence Positive Fusional Vergence

1 demo 10 cases

RetinoscopyStatic, Dynamic and Cycloplegic Retinoscopy

25 + 25 +25 cases

Video demonstration of cases Video demonstration of cases

10 cases 10 cases 10 cases 10 cases

2nd year (2nd semester) CLINIC-III Model eye for retinoscopy.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--119-Keratometry

25 cases

Subjective Refraction ¾ JCC ¾ Clock Dial ¾ Duochrome ¾ Borish Delayed

25 cases

Addition calculation

25 cases

3rd year (1st semester) CLINIC IV

Direct ophthalmoscope

10 cases ( Normals)

Visual Field chart interpretation

10 cases discussion

B scan Interpretation A scan chart Interpretation Case Analysis +90 D lens 3rd year (2nd semester) CLINIC V

Gonioscopy Posting in optometry clinics

5+5+5+5+10 cases

Camps IDO (on each other)

4 camps 10 cases(Norma ls)

Case Analysis -

4th year CLINICAL INTERNSHIP

10 cases discussion 10 cases discussion 10 cases 10 cases ( Normals) 5 cases ( Normals)

5+ 5+ 5+ 5 cases

General OPD (History taking –DO)

500 cases

Contact Lens Opticals

20 cases ( 5 RGP+ 5 Soft + 5 toric ) 100 cases

Low Vision care Clinic

10 cases

Give more simulated problems and discuss on it Show slides of various commonly seen retinal conditions Both kinetic and Static

Discussion having different types of wave patterns Slides of various Cup: Disc ratios can be shown Slides of abnormal angles Pediatric/contact lens/Low vision/ Orthoptics/ GOPD School screening, Cataract Slides of abnormal fundus Pathology Binocular Vision Clinical Refraction Dispensing optics Weekly 1 case report submission Totally 3 different case reports submission at the end of the postings Weekly 1 case report submission Totally 3 different case reports

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--120--

Binocular Vision clinic

10 cases

Ophthalmology clinic (Common eye conditions) Camps

50 cases 10 camps

submission at the end of the postings Totally 3 different case reports submission at the end of the postings Totally 3 different case reports submission at the end of the postings Camp report submission

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--121--

Other Essential Topics which can be covered during the Internship (fourth year) •

Practice Management

•

Presentation Skills

•

Law and Optometry

•

Accountancy

•

Communication skills

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--122--

NORMS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE (Number of UG Students : 30) 1.1 General The norms for space and buildings have been arrived at, based on the functions, a optometry institution offering degree programme, has to perform. In all the cases, unit norms have been evolved taking the absolute minimum needs, which are indicated as norms. As such the institutions, while envisaging their space and building requirements, must keep their perspectives for development in mind and formulate their plans accordantly. Around the administrative building, and classrooms there is considerable movement of students and, therefore, there must be adequate veranda space in this part of the college building so that the classes do not get disturbed. For this reason, the ratio of plinth to carpet area for the normal building may be taken as 1.4 (ratio). 1.2 Classification of Building Area The building area required for an optometry institution can be classified as: • Instructional area, • Administrative area, • Amenities area and • Residential area. ¾ Instructional area will include classrooms, laboratories, computer center, library, seminar hall, clinical hours etc. ¾ Administrative area comprises Principal's room, visitors lounge, staff rooms, college office, stores, etc. ¾ Area for amenities consists of common rooms, recreation center, hobby center, Rotaract club and Alumni Association, Play area etc. (all are not necessary. However any of these facilities will be appreciated) ¾ Residential area includes student and staff hostels, staff quarters and guesthouse. (Optional – if alternative approach is adapted by the management) 1.3 Building Space for Instructional Area •

The course structure of any optometry institution degree program will include lectures, laboratory work, clinical practical training and seminars.

•

The college must have adequate building areas for all these instructional activities.

•

According to the model curriculum, during different semesters, the total number of hours per week for which the student is to have contact with the teacher will vary

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--123-between 27 to 34. In view of this, for the instructional schedule, if spread over a period of 34 hours a week, the college can work for eight hours from Monday to Friday and for four hours on Saturdays. •

The student strength in a theory class should not exceed 30.

•

The seminars of the students must be conducted with the entire class.

•

In the case of clinical practice classes or labs for students, which emphasize the skills component of the training, the classes will have to be divided into smaller groups and work assigned.

1.3.1

Number of Rooms for Theory Classes : ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

1.3.2

Separate room for each year students is ideal set-up Number of Rooms for Lab works. Separate Rooms for each Lab Number of Rooms for Basic Clinical Practical Training 1: 5 ( Room : Students) For 30 students should have 6 rooms ( cubicles)

Rooms Size for Theory Classes : The carpet area requirement of the class rooms depends upon the number and type of seating arrangement for the students and provisions for a platform, a table and a chair for the teacher. Further, as the space required for the teacher will remain the same irrespective of the class strength, the per student requirement of carpet area will increase with the decrease in class strength. Type of Rooms Carpet Area Requirement in Sqm / student Classification of size Minimum Desirable Class rooms for 30 students 1.2 Sqm/Student

1.3.3

Laboratories: The requirements of the laboratories depend upon the programmes that are being offered by the institution and the curricula adopted for these programmes irrespective of the students population.

S. No. Laboratory Batch Size Norms for Carpet Area (sq.m.) Labs ( Number of students/ Batch and area in Sq feet) 1. Optics 10 / 30 feet x 20 feet

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--124-2. 3. 4.

Chemistry 10/ 30 feet x 20 feet Computer 10/ 10 feet x 10 feet Clinical Practice Lab 3.2 x 1.5 ( length and width)

The above areas do not include the rooms of the teaching staff even though such staff rooms are attached to the laboratories. However, they do include the sitting space for the technical supporting staff and storage of laboratory consumables and instruments. 1.3.4

Attached Eye Hospital/ Association with Eye Hospital and/or Optometry clinics and /or Optical centers: The Eye Hospital must have the following facilities : ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

1.3.5

Optometry Clinics Ophthalmology Clinics Optical Services Community Outreach programme

Teaching Aids: Every class room should be provided by a Blackboard / white Board, facility for PowerPoint facility. Accessibility to VCR, TV and Video Cassettes of various optometry topics are appreciated. •

Building space for Administrative and other facilities

In addition to the teaching space, the norms for building requirement in a teaching department for other purposes are as below: •

Carpet Area Principal Room 15 feet x 9 feet Administration Office 15 feet x 9 feet Faculty norms 10 per teacher Library 40 feet x 30 feet Seminar Room 30 feet x 20 feet Store 10 feet x 10 feet Maintenance department : Space and storing space for instruments/goods is essential

Library

At the time of establishing an optometry institution with undergraduate programme, there should be a minimum of 200 books in the Library distributed as below: There should be a minimum of 5 optometry journals - 1 Indian and 4

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--125-International. While this is essential for institutions offering P.G. programme, the number of International Journals may be relaxed, though preferred for those offering only U.G. Programmes. 1.5 Building Space for Amenities: Some of the developed institutions in the country provide several amenities for students and staff. However, the minimum unavoidable requirements for such amenities for normal functioning of the Institute are given below alongwith the norms for the Building space. 1.5.1

Student's Activity Centre ( Optional) This will consist of provisions for the indoor games, gymnasium, dramatics and alumni center etc. The norms for building are 0.25 sq.m per student

1.5.2

Open Air Theatre (Optional) The college building and the hostels will be provided with adequate number of toilet blocks with urinals, lavatories and washbasins. It will also be necessary to provide separately one toilet block for women in the college building.

1.5.3

Toilet Blocks The college building will be provided with adequate number of toilet blocks with urinals, lavatories and washbasins. It will also be necessary to provide separately one toilet block for women in the college building. Education Building Hostel (Optional). 10 Sq.m for each 100 student population 75 sq.m. for each unit of 120 student

1.5.4

Cycle and Scooter Stand This will be provided as open or covered area at the rate of 15 percent of the plinth area of the college building.

1.5.5

Play Fields The institution must be provided with play fields so that the students can have adequate participation in games and sports for healthy and constructive activities within the campus.

1.5.6

Other Amenities The norms of space (Carpet area) or other miscellaneous amenities are as given below : Sq.m. Canteen

50

Cooperative Stores (Optional)

50

NCC Office cum Stores (Optional)

50

1.6 Building Space for Residential Area ( Optional)

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--126-The hostel requirements depend on the variety of factors like the location of the institution, the region from which students are admitted, local availability of accommodation and that of transport. Though, the requirement for residences for teachers and other employees of the institution also depend upon these factors but at the same time it is necessary to provide an attraction to the new teachers from far of places by providing suitable accommodation at the campus. 1.6.1

Hostels Location of College Hostel Strength Within 20 km. of a large city 25% of boys and 50% of girls enrollment Other locations 50% of boys and 100% of girls enrollment The boy's hostel will be made as a unit for 50 students while there is not minimum for a girls-hostel unit. The first year students will be accommodated in triple seated rooms while others will be given single seated rooms. The norms for the room areas will be as below :

Carpet

Area (Sq.m.)

Single room

9

Triple seated room

20

The other building space needed in a hostel unit will be as per norm given below : Carpet

Area (Sq.m.)

Kitchen and Dining Hall

200

Indoor games cum Common hall

150

Medical room

50

Canteen

15

Warden Office

18*

Guest Room (2 nos.)

18*

(* Four addition rooms of 9 sq.m. each within the hostel blocks) 1.6.2

Staff Residences (Optional): The minimum residential accommodation that should exist in the campus should be for the Principal, and all Warden and the essential staff including a Caretaker, an electrician, a driver, a water supply operator and chowkidars. The building space for residences will be as per norms given below :

Sq.m. Principal

140

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--127-Professor

100

Asst. Professor/Lecturer

80

Class III staff

30

Class IV staff

20

1.6.3

Teachers Hostel (Optional) It will be desirable to have a hostel type accommodation for 25% strength of the teachers with the norms of 30 sqm. carpet area per teacher inclusive of an attached toiled room.

1.6.4

Guest Houses (Optional) To meet the needs of the guests visiting the institution for official work and the parents visiting the students it will be necessary to have a guest house.

1.7 Furniture All laboratories, library, workshops, lecture and tutorial rooms offices hostels and Guest house etc. should be adequately furnished. No norms for the furniture are begin laid, however it is expected that the furniture should conform to the requirement of a dignified institution, The Institution may equip the buildings with the furniture as available indigenously. 1.8 Land It will not be desirable to set the norms for the land requirements for an Optometry college because of existing high pressure on land availability and other similar factors. If enough land is not available near a large town, the double and triple storey construction may have to be resorted to. However, it will be desirable to have the total land area so as all requirements of the building space are fully met as envisaged in these norms. In addition, it will be necessary to have additional land available within the campus for future expansion, with a norm of about 3 times the constructed area. Keeping all these points in view it is expected that a new optometry institution located in non-metro location will have a land of about 3 acres at its disposal before starting.

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009

--128--

Prepared by CMOC members- edited and compiled by Dr. R Krishna Kumar dated : 16-06-2009 – FIRST DRAFT – additional information dated 18-08-2009