Closeup

al-Ømb kn\n-a-Ifn-eqsS Hcp bm{X

hnP-b-Ip-am¿ ªmØq¿

sFhm≥kv ssN¬UvlpUv 1962/djy≥/b&w/Bt{µ X¿t°mhvkvIn

c

≠mw temI alm-bp≤ ]›m-Ø-eØn¬ \n¿Ωn® Nn{X- a mWv "sFhm≥kv ssN¬UvlpUv' ˛ djy≥ kwhn-[m-b-I-\mb Bt{µ X¿t°m-hvkv°n-bpsS BZy apgp-\of kn\n-a-bm--WnXv. "sFhms‚ Ip´n-°m-e'sØ "tkmjy-enÃv k¿dn- b - e nkw' F∂ kw⁄- b p- ] - t bm- K n®mWv km¿{Xv {]iw-kn-®-Xv. Cu kn\n-a-bneqsS AXp-h-sc ]cn-Nn-X-a-√m-Xn-cp∂ ]pXnb Hcp Ah-X-cW coXn X¿t°mhvkvIn ]cn-Nb-s∏-Sp-Øn.

1960 ¬ \n¿Ωn® Xs‚ Untπma Nn{X-amb Ãnwtdm-f¿ B‚ v hb-en-\n¬ Hcp ]{¥≠v h p-Im-c-\mWv \mb-I≥˛ Ãnw tdmf¿ ss{Uhdm-Im≥ sImXn-°p∂ Ah\pw Ãnw tdmf¿ ss{Uhdpw XΩn-ep≈ kulr-Z-amWm kn\na-bpsS hnjbw.Cu kn\n-a-bnepw Hcp ]{¥≠v hb p-Imc-\mWv \mbI≥. sFhm≥˛ bp≤Øn¬ \mkn-I-fp-sS- B-{I-a-W-Øn¬ AΩbpw A—\pw Ip™-\p-P-Ønbpw sIm√-s∏-´ -A-\mY-\m-W-h≥. djy≥ ]´m-f-Ønse Nne Hm^ok¿am-cmWv Ahs‚ c£-I¿Øm-°ƒ˛ tIWG{]n¬ 2009

31

emb {Knbmhe-°-∏pdw hnS¿∂ IÆp-I-fp≈ kvt\m-hv sFhms‚ sFhm\v ]nXrXp-ey-\m-Wv. Ing°≥ bp≤- a p- ∂ - W nbn¬ P¿Ω≥ kJy- t k- \ - b p- a mbn s]mcp-Xp-I-bm-W-h¿. sFhms\ ]Tn-∏n°m-\-b-°m≥ Ah¿ {ian-°p-∂p-≠v . ]s£ sFhm≥ ]´m-f-tØm-sSm∏w \mkn-I-tfmSv s]mcp-Xp-hm-\p≈ Xocpam-\-Øn-em-Wv. Ahs‚ {]mb-ØnBt{µ s‚bpw saen-™p-W-ßnb ico-cX¿t° mhvkvI Øn-s‚bpw B\p-Iq-ey-ap-]-tbm-Knn ®v˛ i{Xp]m-fb-Ønse cl-ky-߃ \njv I - f - ¶ tNm¿Øp∂ Nmc-∏Wn sNøp-I-bm-Wap-Ja- mWv BZy s{^bnw. BSnh≥. P¿Ω≥ \nb-{¥W {]tZ-iØp s‚bpw ]qºm-‰-bp-sSbpw IqsS D√\n∂pw ]´m-f-°m-cpsS IÆp-sh-´n-®v kn®p Ign- b p∂ sFhm≥˛ ac- ® ncm{Xn-bnse sImSpw XWp-∏n¬ AXn√Iƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS Hg-pIn \oßp-I-bm¿Ønbnse NXp∏p \nd™ h\-{]-]W-h≥. Xmsg \nc-Øn-eqsS sXm´n-bn¬ tZ-i-Øp-IqsS Iºn-th-en-Iƒ \qgv∂v sh≈-hp-ambn \S∂p t]mIp-∂- AIS∂v djy≥ Hu´v t ]m- à n- t e°v Ωsb Ah≥ ImWp-∂p˛ sXm´n-bn¬ \oßp∂ sFhms\ ImWn- ® p- s ImapJw XmgvØn- sh-≈w- Ip-Sn®v ˛ "AtΩ ≠mWv kn\na Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. ˛ A-hnsS Hcp Ip-bn-ep≠v' F∂p-]-dbp≤-Øn\p apºp≈ sFhms‚ bp-∂p. s]s´∂v AΩ-bpsS Zriyw Ip´n-°m-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kqN-\-INcn™v A{]-Xy-£a- m-Ip-∂p. sR´n-bpfmbv k]v\-Zr-iy-߃ ImWn®p XcpW-cp∂ sFhm≥ ˛ D-t]-£n-°-s∏´ ∂p≠v kwhn-[m-b-I≥. kt¥m-j-ØnIm‰m-Sn-an-√nse Hfn-hn-SØ - n¬ \n∂v ]pds‚bpw {]Xo-£-bp-sSbpw ]cn-kcw... Øn-d-ßp-I-bm-W-h≥. ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Ipbn-ens‚ i_vZw. sFhm≥ Bcm-sW-∂v kw-hn-[m-ba™p-Xp-≈n-Iƒ Xnf-ßp∂ F´p-Imen I≥ ]d-bp-∂n-√. XWp-Øp-hn-d® - v ˛ NXp∏n- e qsS Xpg™v Ah- i - \ mb sFhms\ Hcp djy≥ ]´m-f-°m-c≥ ]nSnIqSn Iam‚nwMv Hm^o-k-dpsS ASp-sØ-Øn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. Bcm-sW∂pw FhnSp∂p hcp-s∂∂pw ]dbp-∂n√ ˛ Iam‚nwMv Hm^o-k¿ sFhm-t\°mƒ A©m-dp- hbkp-am{Xw {]mb-Iq-Sp-Xep≈ Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-

32 imkv{X-tI-cfw

c- \ m- W v . e^v ‰ - \ ‚ v Km¬Sv t k- h v . Fs¥ms° tNmZn®n´pw sFhm≥ Xm\m-cm-sW∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√. ]´m-f-Øns‚ slUvIzm¿´dn¬ Ahs‚ cl-ky-\maw ]d™v Ah- \ nhnsS FØn-bn-´ps≠- ∂ v - A- d n- b n°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p. BZyw aSn®p \n∂ Hm^o- k ¿˛ sFhms‚ \n›- b Zm¿Vy- Ø n¬ ˛ A- h km\w ]´m-f-tI-{µ-Øn¬ hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂p. tIW¬ {Knbmkvt\mhvv-˛DS≥ Xs∂ sF-hm-\p-th≠ F√m kuI-cy-ßfpw \¬Im\pw Ah≥ sIm≠p-h-∂n-´p≈ cl- k y- h n- h - c - ß ƒ X\n°v Ab®p Xcm\pw DØ-ch - n-Sp-∂p. sFhms\ Iq´nsIm-≠p-h-cm-\mbn Iym]v‰≥ tImens\ Atßm-´-b-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw Adn-bn-°p∂p. Hcp ]´mf Hm^o- k ¿°v th≠ kuI-cy-ßfm-Wv ]n∂oSv sFhm\v e`n°p-∂Xv. Ipfn Ign™v `£Ww Ign®p-Xp-S-ßp-tºm-tg°pw sFh≥ Xf¿∂v abßn hoWp-t]m-bn-cp-∂p. sFhms\ sIm®pIp™n-s\sb∂-t]m-se- ssIbn¬ tImcn- s b- S pØv e^v ‰ - \ ‚ v Km¬Svtk-hv In-S°-bn¬ InS-Øp-I-bmWv. A]-I-S-I-c-amb bp-≤-ta-J-e-bn¬ \n∂pw kpc- £ n- X - a m- b n- S - t Ø°v sFhms\ am‰m-\m-bn˛ Ahs\ anen-´dn A°m-U-an-bn¬ ]Tn-°m≥ tN¿°m≥ tIW¬ {Knbm-kvt\mhpw Iq´cpw {ian°p-∂p. CjvS-an-√mØ sFhm≥ Hfnt®m-Sp-∂p. bp≤-Øn¬ XI¿∂p Xcn-∏-

al-Ømb kn\n-a-Ifn-eqsS Hcp bm{X W-amb Hcn-SØv \n∂v sFhms\ Ah¿ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂p. Ahs‚ Xocp-am-\-

߃ am‰m-\m-hm-Ø-Xm-sW-∂h¿ a\kn-em-°p-∂p. \mkn A-[o-\-X-bn-ep≈ Hcp- {]-tZi- t Ø°v \pg- ™ p- I b- d m- \ p≈ AXy¥w A]-ISw ]nSn® Hcp Zu-XyØn-emWv ]n∂o-S-h¿. B {ia-Øn-\n-Sbn¬ sFhm≥ A{]-Xy-£-\m-Ip-∂p. bp≤m-\-¥c _¿en-\mWv Ahkm\w \Ωƒ ImWp-∂-Xv˛ Ip´nØw amdmØ ]gb Iam‚nwMv Hm^o-k¿ Km¬Svtk-hv˛ apdn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ apJ-Øp≈ ]ucpjw \nd™ Hcp Hm^o-k-dm-Wnt∏mƒ. tkmhn-b‰v tk\ _¿en-\nse Hcp Pbn¬ tcJ-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibm-Wv˛ h[-in£ \S-∏n-em-°n-b-h-cpsS ^b- e p- I - f n¬˛ sFhms‚ Nn{Xw At±lw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. Xq°p-I-b-dpIƒ Xqßn \n¬°p∂ ac-W-ap-dn-Ifn¬˛ Rm∂p InS-∂m-Sp∂ sFhms‚ [oc-ap-Jw.Hm¿Ω-If- psS ^vfmjv_m-s°∂-hÆw Ae-If- n-fI - p∂ ]pg-°c- b - nse s]mSn-a-W-en¬ AΩ-bpsS _°-‰nse sh≈-Øn¬ apJw XmgvØn sh≈w Ip-Sn-°p∂ sFhm-s\-bmWv \mw ]n∂oSv ImWp∂Xv. "Hfnt® ˛ It≠' Ifn-

°p∂ sFhm\pw Iq´p-Im-cpw. DWß n {Zhn® H‰ acØ n emWv sXmtS≠-Xv. Ifn- X p- S ß n . Bscbpw ImWmsX Xnc™v HmSn \S° p ∂ sFhm≥ s]s´- ∂ mWv A\n- b Ønsb ImWp-∂-Xv. ]pdsI HmSp∂ sFhm≥ Ahsf IS∂v ac-W-hr-£Øn-\-Sp-sØØn sXmS-\m-bp-tºmƒ kn\na Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ thdn-´p-Xm-a-kn°p∂ IpSpw-_-km-l-N-cy-Øn-em-bn-

cp∂p kwhn- [ m- b - I s‚ _meyw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ _mey-Øns‚ A\m-YXzw Ct±-lØ - ns‚ ]e kn\na-I-fnepw {][m\ hnj-b-ß-fn-sem-

∂m-Wv. Bfl-\n-jvT-Xbv°v kn\n-abn¬ ]pXnb am\-߃ Is≠-Ønb X¿-t°m-hv-kv°n-bpsS "and¿' F∂ kn\n-a-bn¬ kwhn[m-bIs‚ _meyØns‚ Bflmwiw hfsc hywKyambn \ap- ° - \ p- ` - h - s ∏Spw. Bt{µdq_vtfmhv 'F∂ kn\n-a-bn¬ B t]cn-ep≈ {]ikvX {InkvXy≥ Nn{X-Im-cs‚ Bfl-kw-L¿j-ß-fmWp-≈-Xv. _mey- Ø ns‚ Xe- ß sf "sFhms‚ Ip´n-°m-e-'Øn¬ hni-Zam-°p-∂Xv ]e-Xcw a\p-jy-cn-eq-sS-bmWv. Ip´nØw amdmØ Km¬Svtkhv F∂ Iam‚nwMv Hm^o-k¿ Nmc-\mb sFhm-t\mSv ]d-bp-∂p≠v 'bp≤w Ip´n-Iƒ°p-ff CS-a√' ( sFhm-s\°mƒ A[n- I - s am∂pw {]mb- a n√ Abmƒ°pw.) amj F∂ t\gvkns\ bp≤-ta-J-e-bn¬ \n∂pw ]d-™-b°p-tºmƒ Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv "bp≤w ]pcp-j≥am-cpsS ]Wn-'bm-sW-∂m-Wv. I {k n vXy≥ BflobXbpw s a ‰ m -^n kn-°¬ Xoap-Ifpw, temßv t S°p-Ifpw ,\mS-Iob X \nd™ ]c-º-cmKX IY-]d-®n¬ coXn-I-fn-√m-bvabpw a\-kn-te°v H´nt®¿°-s∏Spw hn[-ap≈ Ombm-{KlW coXn-If- p-sams° \nd-™X - mWv Ct±-l-Øns‚ F√m kn\n-a-Ifpw. "X¿t°m-hvkvIn-b≥' coXn-I-fm-bn G{]n¬ 2009

33

\nc-h[n tam´n-^p-Ifpw At±lw D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. Hm¿ΩIƒ, _meyw, Hgp-Ip∂/CfIp∂ Pew, AI-Ø-f-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ ag-°m-gvNIƒ, {]Xn- _ nw- _ - ß ƒ, Zo¿L- a mb ]m\nMv Iymad Ne-\-߃°n-S-bn¬ ]p\¿{]-th-i\w \S-Øp∂ IYm-]m-{X߃ Aßn-s\-b-ß-s\... Pohn-XsØ {]Xn-_nw_w t]mse, kz]v\wt]mse ]I¿Øp∂ kn\n-abpsS kzm`-hnI {]Ir-Xn°v A\p-tbmPy- a mb ]pXnb `mj Is≠- Ø nb X¿t°m-hvkvIn-bmWv Fs∂ kw_‘n®v G‰hpw alm-\mb kwhn-[m-bI-s\∂v _¿Kvam≥ {]iw-kn-®Xv shdpsX-b-√. Xnc- ° - Y m- I rØpw FUn- ‰ dpw kwhn- [ m- b - I \pw F∂- X n- e p- ] cn kn\nam ssk≤m- ¥ n- I - \ p- a mWv X¿t°mhvkvIn. Xs‚ Bi-b-ßsf

Sculpting of time F∂ t]cn¬ At±lw {]kn≤n-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. "sFhms‚ Ip´n°mew' sh\okv ^nenw s^Ãn- s h- e n¬ (1962) "tKmƒU≥eb¨' ]pckv°mcw t\Sn. 1969 se Im≥ s^Ãn- h - e n¬ "Bt{µdq_vtfhv' ^n{]kn ]pc-kv°m-chpw 1968 se s^Ãn-h-en¬ "tkmfm- c nkv ' F∂ kn\na {Km‚ v {]nIvkpw kvs]j¬ Pqdn ^n{]kn ]pc- k v ° m- c - ß fpw t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ Iem-Po-hnXhpw djy-bnse kml-N-cy-ßfpw aqew {]hm- k Po- h nXw \bn® At±lw Xs‚ Ah-km\ Nn{X-amb km{Inss^kv kzoU-\n¬ sh®mWv \n¿Ωn-

®-Xv. 53-˛mw hb-kn¬ A¿_p-Z-tcmK _m[n-X-\mb At±lw ]mco-kn¬ acn®-Xn\v tij-amWv 1986 ¬ Cu kn\na ]pd- Ø n- d - ß n- b - X v . CXns‚ {][m\ {]tabw ac- W hpw Db¿sØ- g pt∂¬∏pam-sW-∂Xv Hcp bmZr-›n-I-Xbm-hmw.

]n≥I-h¿

{Im_v s\_q-e(M1) CS-hc- m-in-bn¬ (TAURUS) Imf-bpsS sImºpI-fmbn k¶¬]n-°-s∏-´n-´p-ff c≠v \£-{X-ßfn¬ H∂n\v kao-]Ø - mWv {Im_v s\_qe (Crab Nebula)bpsS ÿm\w. CXv Hcp kq∏¿t\mh

34 imkv{X-tI-cfw

s]m´n-sØ-dn-®-Xns‚ Ah-in-jvS-ß-fm-Wv. Hcp henb \£{Xw AXns‚ {ZhysØ _ln-cm-Im-i-tØ°v NnX-dn-®p-sIm≠v s]m´n-sØ-dn-®p. Cu s\_q-e-bpsS ^ne-sa‚p-Iƒ AXn-thKw _ln-cm-Im-i-tØ°v hnIkn- ® p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. 1054¬ ssN\okv tPymXnimkv{X⁄¿ Cu kq∏¿t\mh kvt^mS\w \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. s\_qe-bpsS tI{µ-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ Du¿÷-{]-hmlw AXns\ {]Im- i - a m- \ - a m- ° p- ∂ p. Hcp sSenkvtIm]nt‚tbm kmam\yw i‡n-bp≈ Hcp ss_t\m-°p-e-dn-t‚tbm klm-b-tØmsS {Im_v s\_qe Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Zriy-am-Ipw. s\_q-e-bpsS lrZb-`m-KØv Hcp ]ƒkm¿ (Pulsar) ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p-≠v. {Im_v ]ƒkm¿ F∂v CXv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. tdUntbm sSen-kvtIm]v apJm-¥cw CXn¬ \n∂p≈ ]ƒkp-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-™n-´p-≠v. s\_q-e-bpsS BIrXn GI-tZiw Hcp R≠n-t\mSv kam-\-am-b-Xn-\m-emWv CXv {Im_v s\_qe F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.