Class Exercise 2 (presidents)
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1 Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
PHOTO NAME
Luis Echeverría Álvarez
Presidential Period
1970-76
Born
17/01/1922
Early Life and Education
'Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, in order to be a lawer
Political party
Partido Revolucionario Institucional He rose in the hierarchy of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and eventually became the private secretary of the party president, General Rodolfo Sánchez Taboada. Echeverría served as Interior Secretary under President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz from 1964 to 1970. He apparently maintained a hard line against student protesters throughout 1968. Clashes between the government and protesters culminated in the Tlatelolco massacre in October 1968, a few days before the 1968 Summer Olympics were held in Mexico City. In a separate incident, he ordered the transfer of 15% of the Mexican military to the state of Guerrero to counter guerrilla groups operating there. Once Echeverría became president, he embarked on a farreaching program of populist political and economic reform, nationalizing the mining and electrical industries, redistributing private land in the states of Sinaloa and Sonora to peasants, opposing American "expansionism," supporting the leftist Chilean leader Salvador Allende, condemning Zionism, allowing the Palestine Liberation Organization to open an office in the capital, and imposing limits on foreign investment, and extending Mexico's patrimonial waters to 200 miles (370 km). He also created a special commission to destroy Mexico's forests, believing they were of no economic benefit, using that land for agriculture. He is accused of irresponsible government spending, increasing inflation, and cronyism — which is symbolized by appointing his good friend and eventual successor José López Portillo as Finance Minister — violent devaluations of the peso, from 12.50 MXP per dollar in 1954 to 20 per dollar in late 1976, as well as for rising debt. During his period, the country's external debt soared from $6 billion in 1970 to $20 billion in 1976. This caused the ruling party, at least in terms of its economic
Political Career Economic Policy
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
Source (WWW)
Top 5 songs playing at the time
policies, to gradually lose prestige at home and abroad. http://wapedia.mobi/fr/Luis_Echeverr%C3%ADa_%C3%81lvarez http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Echeverr%C3%ADa http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1970.htm 1. Bridge Over Troubled Water, Simon and Garfunkel 2. (They Long to Be) Close to You, Carpenters 3. American Woman/No Sugar Tonight, The Guess Who 4. Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head, B.J. Thomas 5. War, Edwin Starr
PHOTO NAME
José López Portillo y Pacheco
Presidential Period
December 1, 1976 – November 30, 1982
Born
June 16, 1920
Early Life and Education Political party
López Portillo studied Law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
Political Career
He held several positions in the administrations of his two predecessors before being appointed to serve as finance minister under Luis Echeverría, a close friend, from 1973 to 1975. López Portillo undertook an ambitious program to promote Mexico's economic development with revenues stemming from the discovery of new petroleum reserves in the states of Veracruz and Tabasco by Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex), the country's publicly owned oil company. López Portillo undertook actions which were highly controversial with respect to the international banking establishment. One of his last actions as president, announced during his annual State of the Nation address on September 1, 1982, was to order the nationalization of the country's banking system. López Portillo was the last nationalist president to emerge from the ranks of the PRI. Subsequent presidents have all been U.S.educated advocates of free trade (librecambismo). His opponents internationally and domestically accused López Portillo of "rampant corruption," "excessive overseas borrowing," galloping inflation (which continued with his successor), and responsibility for devaluations of the peso.
Economic Policy Source (WWW)
Top 5 songs playing at the time
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Portillo http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1976.htm 1. Silly Love Songs, Paul McCartney and Wings 2. Don't Go Breaking My Heart, Elton John and Kiki Dee 3. Disco Lady, Johnnie Taylor 4. December, 1963 (Oh What A Night!), Four Seasons 5. Play That Funky Music, Wild Cherry
PHOTO NAME
Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado
Presidential Period
December 1, 1982 – November 30, 1988
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table: Born
Early Life and Education Political party
December 12, 1934 Miguel de la Madrid graduated with a bachelor's degree in Law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and received a master's degree in Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, in the United States.
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) He worked for Mexico's central bank and lectured in law at UNAM before securing a position at the Secretariat of Finance in 1965. Between 1970 and 1972 he was employed by Petróleos Mexicanos, Mexico's state-owned petroleum company, after which he held several other bureaucratic posts in the government of Luis Echeverría. In 1976 he was chosen to serve in José López Portillo's cabinet as secretary of budget and planning. He was president after López Portillo. He won the elections that took place on July 4, 1982, and took office the following December. He is a member of Collegium International, an organazation of leaders with political, scientific, and ethical expertise whose goal is to provide new approaches in overcoming the obstacles in the way of a peaceful, socially just and an economically sustainable world
Political Career
Economic Policy Source (WWW) Top 5 songs playing at the time
Unlike previous Mexican leaders, he was a market-oriented President, and his time in power was one of the most difficult periods of the country because of his predecessors' policies, as well as the decreasing demand for oil. Inflation increased on an average of 100% a year (culminating to an unprecedented level of 159% in 1987), unemployment rates soared to as much as 25% during the mid-1980s, income declined and economic growth was erratic. He introduced liberal economic reforms that encouraged foreign investment, and widespread privatisations of outdated state-run industries and reduction of tariffs Galloping inflation, the controversial privatisation programme and austerity measures imposed by his administration caused the ruling party to lose ground, leading up to the controversial elections of 1988 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_de_la_Madrid http://wapedia.mobi/fr/Miguel_de_la_Madrid_Hurtado http://eightiesclub.tripod.com/id215.htm 1. 2. 3. 4.
"Careless Whisper".....Wham! "Say You, Say Me".....Lionel Richie "Separate Lives".....Phil Collins & Marilyn Martin "I Want To Know What Love Is".....Foreigner
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table: 5. "Money For Nothing".....Dire Straits
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
PHOTO NAME
Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Presidential Period
1988-94
Born
Mexico City on April 3, 1948
Early Life and Education Political party
He graduated with a degree in Economics from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in 1969. He obtained a Master of Public Administration in 1973, a Master of Arts in 1976, and a PhD in Political Economy and Government in 1978, all from Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
Institutional Revolutionary Party
Earlier in his career he worked in the Budget Secretariat all the way up to Secretary. He was the PRI presidential candidate in 1988, and was elected on July 6, 1988 amid allegations of electoral fraud. Political Career Economic Policy
In the early years of his term, President Salinas launched bold initiatives such as the reversal of the 1982 bank nationalization, restoring official relationships with the Roman Catholic Church and the Vatican State, changing land property legislation, and most importantly negotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the United States and Canada. Moreover, he renegotiated the external debt through the Brady Plan. By the end of his term, inflation had been reduced to 7.05% in 1994, the lowest figure in 22 years. Shortly after leaving office, due to the December Mistake, inflation rose to 51.48%. He continued a privatisation programme initiated by his predecessor, by which the government retained only a few of the hundreds of companies and small business that were nationalized, mainly during the 1970s. One of the most
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
important privatizations was Telmex, which remained a monopoly until mid-1990s. As a result, the number of stateowned industries continued to drop, from approx. 600 in 1988 to a minimal 250 in 1994.
Source (WWW)
Top 5 songs playing at the time
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Salinas_de_Gortari http://www.popculturemadness.com/Entertainment/Decades/90s -Music.html 1. Baby Got Back - Sir Mixx-A-Lott 2. Unbelievable - EMF 3. Macarena - Los Del Rio 4. Cotten Eye Joe - Rednex 5. Groove Is In The Heart - Deee-lite
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
PHOTO Ernesto Zedillo NAME Presidential Period
December 1, 1994 to November 30, 2000
Born
December 27, 1951 His parents were Rodolfo Zedillo Castillo, a mechanic, and Martha Alicia Ponce de León. Seeking better job and education opportunities for his children, his parents moved to Mexicali, Baja California. His humble origins made him appreciate the idea of progress and self improvement, even though he was well aware of the few opportunities he had for this. Zedillo was educated in public schools in Mexicali where he was recognized as an excellent student. During his adolescence, young Ernesto actively participated in school events, such as alumni societies and head of the school newspaper. In 1965, at the age of 14, he returned to Mexico City. In 1969 he entered the National Polytechnic Institute, financing his studies by working in the National Army and Navy Bank (nowadays Banjercito). He graduated as an Economist in 1972 and began lecturing. It was among his first group of students where he met his wife, Nilda Patricia Velasco with whom he has 5 children: Ernesto, Emiliano, Carlos, Nilda Patricia and Rodrigo.
Early Life and Education Political party Political Career
In 1974 he pursued his master's and Ph.D. studies at Yale University. His doctoral thesis was titled: "Mexico's public external debt: recent history and future growth related to oil".
Institutional Revolutionary Party Zedillo began working in the Bank of Mexico (Mexico's central bank), as a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, where he supported the adoption of macroeconomic policies for the country's improvement. By 1987 he was named undersecretary of Planning and Budget Control in the Secretariat of Budget and Planning. In 1988 at the age of thirty-six he headed that secretariat. During his term as Secretary, Zedillo launched a Science and Technology reformation. In 1992 he was appointed Secretary of Education by president Carlos Salinas, a year later he resigned to run the electoral campaign of Luis Donaldo Colosio, the PRI's presidential
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
candidate. The opposition blamed Colosio's murder on Salinas. Although the PRI's presidential candidates were always chosen by the current president, and thus Colosio had originally been Salinas' candidate, their political relationship had been affected by a famous speech during the campaign in which Colosio said that Mexico had many problems. It is also notable that the assassination took place after Colosio visited the members of the Zapatista movement in Chiapas and promised to open dialogue, something the PRI opposed.[citation needed] After Colosio's murder, this speech was seen as the main cause of his break with the president.[citation needed] The choice of Zedillo was interpreted as Salinas' way of bypassing the strong Mexican political tradition of non-reelection and retaining real power, since Zedillo was not really a politician, but an economist (like Salinas), who clearly lacked the president's political talent and influence. It is unclear if Salinas had attempted to control Colosio, who was generally considered at that time to be a far better candidate. Zedillo contested against Diego Fernández de Cevallos and second-timer Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of the National Action Party and Party of the Democratic Revolution respectively. He won by 48.69% of popular vote, some 17,181,651, and at the time this was the cleanest election in the country's history Economic Policy Source (WWW)
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Zedillo_Ponce_de_Le%C3% B3n http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1998.htm
Top 5 songs playing at the time
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Too Close, Next The Boy Is Mine, Brandy and Monica You're Still The One, Shania Twain Truly Madly Deeply, Savage Garden How Do I Live, LeAnn Rimes
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
PHOTO NAME
Vicente Fox
Presidential Period
2000 to 2006
Born
July 2, 1942
Early Life and Education Political party
Fox spent his childhood and adolescence at the family ranch in San Francisco del Rincón in Guanajuato. He moved to Mexico City to attend the Universidad Iberoamericana where he pursued a business degree until 1964, and he earned his diploma in Top Management Skills from the Harvard Business School in the United States. He didn't graduate from the Universidad Iberoamericana until early 2000's[6]
PAN
On July 7, 1997 (three years before the presidential election of 2000), Vicente Fox decided to run for President of Mexico. In spite of opposition within his party, Fox secured his candidacy representing the Alliance for Change, a political coalition formed by the National Action Party and the Green Ecological Party of Mexico on November 14, 1999. Political Career Economic Policy
Vicente Fox was one of the few Presidents to avoid a major economic upheaval during office, however economy grew at the slowest pace in history, second only to the de la Madrid administration. According to the Central Bank, inflation hadn't been as low as during Fox's term since before 1973. GDP growth dropped from an average of 5.1% in the Zedillo administration to the lowest in a decade, an average of 2.2% during Fox's administration. Fox's cabinet blamed the low growth on the slowdown of the Economy of the United States, but as this country started growing again in 2002-2003 Mexico did not grow at the same pace and was surpassed by China as the second import partner of the United States. Tax revenue as a proportion of GDP fell from 10.6% at the beginning of his administration to 9.7% at the end of his term.
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table: In contrast with previous administrations, debt as a proportion of GDP did not grow during Fox's term.[ Minimum wages during Fox's administration increased at a nominal rate of 34% Housing was among Vicente Fox's top priorities. By 2006, the Infonavit, the federal fund for workers' housing, had 60% "market share" in the mortgage business, granting 435,000 credits a year, with an expected yearly growth of 24%. During Vicente Fox's presidency, the Mexican Stock Exchange reached record highs throughout his term. The record highs were caused by a better economic outlook throughout his term, larger international reserves, and a better debt rating that led to lower interest rates In 2002, Mexico reached a GDP per capita of 9,381 dollars per year and thus became a medium-high income country. Five years later, Mexico went from beneficiary to full contributor of the United Nations Development Program.
Source (WWW)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_administration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Fox http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/2002.htm
Top 5 songs playing at the time
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
A Thousand Miles, Vanessa Carlton Get The Party Started, Pink Complicated, Avril Lavigne Dilemma, Nelly featuring Kelly Rowland In The End, Linkin Park
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
PHOTO NAME
Felipe Calderón
Presidential Period
December 1, 2006 from to 2012
Born
Early Life and Education Political party
August 18, 1962 After growing up in Morelia, Calderón moved to Mexico City, where he received a bachelor's degree in law from the Escuela Libre de Derecho. Later on, he received a master's degree in economics from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) and a Master of Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.[3] the National Action Party (PAN), He was a local representative in the Legislative Assembly and, on two different occasions, in the federal Chamber of Deputies. He ran for the governorship of Michoacán in 1995 and served as national president of the PAN from 1996 to 1999. During his tenure, his party maintained control of 14 state capitals, but also lost presence in the federal Chamber of Deputies. he joined the presidential cabinet as Secretary of Energy, replacing Ernesto Martens. He left the post in May 2004 in protest of Vicente Fox's criticism of his presidential ambitions while supporting those of Santiago Creel.
Political Career
Economic Policy Source (WWW)
Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact First Employment Program Public servants salary cap Wikipedia Wapedia
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
Top 5 songs playing at the time
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n_Hinojosa Crazy Gnarls BarkleySteady As She Goes The Raconteurs"Ridin'" Rihanna ombrella Lily allen Smile
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
PHOTO NAME
Luis Echeverría Álvarez
Presidential Period
1970-76
Born
17/01/1922
Early Life and Education
'Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, in order to be a lawer
Political party
Partido Revolucionario Institucional He rose in the hierarchy of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and eventually became the private secretary of the party president, General Rodolfo Sánchez Taboada. Echeverría served as Interior Secretary under President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz from 1964 to 1970. He apparently maintained a hard line against student protesters throughout 1968. Clashes between the government and protesters culminated in the Tlatelolco massacre in October 1968, a few days before the 1968 Summer Olympics were held in Mexico City. In a separate incident, he ordered the transfer of 15% of the Mexican military to the state of Guerrero to counter guerrilla groups operating there. Once Echeverría became president, he embarked on a farreaching program of populist political and economic reform, nationalizing the mining and electrical industries, redistributing private land in the states of Sinaloa and Sonora to peasants, opposing American "expansionism," supporting the leftist Chilean leader Salvador Allende, condemning Zionism, allowing the Palestine Liberation Organization to open an office in the capital, and imposing limits on foreign investment, and extending Mexico's patrimonial waters to 200 miles (370 km). He also created a special commission to destroy Mexico's forests, believing they were of no economic benefit, using that land for agriculture. He is accused of irresponsible government spending, increasing inflation, and cronyism — which is symbolized by appointing his good friend and eventual successor José López Portillo as Finance Minister — violent devaluations of the peso, from 12.50 MXP per dollar in 1954 to 20 per dollar in late 1976, as well as for rising debt. During his period, the country's external debt soared from $6 billion in 1970 to $20 billion in 1976. This caused the ruling party, at least in terms of its economic
Political Career Economic Policy
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
Source (WWW)
Top 5 songs playing at the time
policies, to gradually lose prestige at home and abroad. http://wapedia.mobi/fr/Luis_Echeverr%C3%ADa_%C3%81lvarez http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Echeverr%C3%ADa http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1970.htm 1. Bridge Over Troubled Water, Simon and Garfunkel 2. (They Long to Be) Close to You, Carpenters 3. American Woman/No Sugar Tonight, The Guess Who 4. Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head, B.J. Thomas 5. War, Edwin Starr
PHOTO NAME
José López Portillo y Pacheco
Presidential Period
December 1, 1976 – November 30, 1982
Born
June 16, 1920
Early Life and Education Political party
López Portillo studied Law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
Political Career
He held several positions in the administrations of his two predecessors before being appointed to serve as finance minister under Luis Echeverría, a close friend, from 1973 to 1975. López Portillo undertook an ambitious program to promote Mexico's economic development with revenues stemming from the discovery of new petroleum reserves in the states of Veracruz and Tabasco by Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex), the country's publicly owned oil company. López Portillo undertook actions which were highly controversial with respect to the international banking establishment. One of his last actions as president, announced during his annual State of the Nation address on September 1, 1982, was to order the nationalization of the country's banking system. López Portillo was the last nationalist president to emerge from the ranks of the PRI. Subsequent presidents have all been U.S.educated advocates of free trade (librecambismo). His opponents internationally and domestically accused López Portillo of "rampant corruption," "excessive overseas borrowing," galloping inflation (which continued with his successor), and responsibility for devaluations of the peso.
Economic Policy Source (WWW)
Top 5 songs playing at the time
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Portillo http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1976.htm 1. Silly Love Songs, Paul McCartney and Wings 2. Don't Go Breaking My Heart, Elton John and Kiki Dee 3. Disco Lady, Johnnie Taylor 4. December, 1963 (Oh What A Night!), Four Seasons 5. Play That Funky Music, Wild Cherry
PHOTO NAME
Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado
Presidential Period
December 1, 1982 – November 30, 1988
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table: Born
Early Life and Education Political party
December 12, 1934 Miguel de la Madrid graduated with a bachelor's degree in Law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and received a master's degree in Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, in the United States.
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) He worked for Mexico's central bank and lectured in law at UNAM before securing a position at the Secretariat of Finance in 1965. Between 1970 and 1972 he was employed by Petróleos Mexicanos, Mexico's state-owned petroleum company, after which he held several other bureaucratic posts in the government of Luis Echeverría. In 1976 he was chosen to serve in José López Portillo's cabinet as secretary of budget and planning. He was president after López Portillo. He won the elections that took place on July 4, 1982, and took office the following December. He is a member of Collegium International, an organazation of leaders with political, scientific, and ethical expertise whose goal is to provide new approaches in overcoming the obstacles in the way of a peaceful, socially just and an economically sustainable world
Political Career
Economic Policy Source (WWW) Top 5 songs playing at the time
Unlike previous Mexican leaders, he was a market-oriented President, and his time in power was one of the most difficult periods of the country because of his predecessors' policies, as well as the decreasing demand for oil. Inflation increased on an average of 100% a year (culminating to an unprecedented level of 159% in 1987), unemployment rates soared to as much as 25% during the mid-1980s, income declined and economic growth was erratic. He introduced liberal economic reforms that encouraged foreign investment, and widespread privatisations of outdated state-run industries and reduction of tariffs Galloping inflation, the controversial privatisation programme and austerity measures imposed by his administration caused the ruling party to lose ground, leading up to the controversial elections of 1988 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_de_la_Madrid http://wapedia.mobi/fr/Miguel_de_la_Madrid_Hurtado http://eightiesclub.tripod.com/id215.htm 1. 2. 3. 4.
"Careless Whisper".....Wham! "Say You, Say Me".....Lionel Richie "Separate Lives".....Phil Collins & Marilyn Martin "I Want To Know What Love Is".....Foreigner
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table: 5. "Money For Nothing".....Dire Straits
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
PHOTO NAME
Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Presidential Period
1988-94
Born
Mexico City on April 3, 1948
Early Life and Education Political party
He graduated with a degree in Economics from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in 1969. He obtained a Master of Public Administration in 1973, a Master of Arts in 1976, and a PhD in Political Economy and Government in 1978, all from Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
Institutional Revolutionary Party
Earlier in his career he worked in the Budget Secretariat all the way up to Secretary. He was the PRI presidential candidate in 1988, and was elected on July 6, 1988 amid allegations of electoral fraud. Political Career Economic Policy
In the early years of his term, President Salinas launched bold initiatives such as the reversal of the 1982 bank nationalization, restoring official relationships with the Roman Catholic Church and the Vatican State, changing land property legislation, and most importantly negotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the United States and Canada. Moreover, he renegotiated the external debt through the Brady Plan. By the end of his term, inflation had been reduced to 7.05% in 1994, the lowest figure in 22 years. Shortly after leaving office, due to the December Mistake, inflation rose to 51.48%. He continued a privatisation programme initiated by his predecessor, by which the government retained only a few of the hundreds of companies and small business that were nationalized, mainly during the 1970s. One of the most
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
important privatizations was Telmex, which remained a monopoly until mid-1990s. As a result, the number of stateowned industries continued to drop, from approx. 600 in 1988 to a minimal 250 in 1994.
Source (WWW)
Top 5 songs playing at the time
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Salinas_de_Gortari http://www.popculturemadness.com/Entertainment/Decades/90s -Music.html 1. Baby Got Back - Sir Mixx-A-Lott 2. Unbelievable - EMF 3. Macarena - Los Del Rio 4. Cotten Eye Joe - Rednex 5. Groove Is In The Heart - Deee-lite
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
PHOTO Ernesto Zedillo NAME Presidential Period
December 1, 1994 to November 30, 2000
Born
December 27, 1951 His parents were Rodolfo Zedillo Castillo, a mechanic, and Martha Alicia Ponce de León. Seeking better job and education opportunities for his children, his parents moved to Mexicali, Baja California. His humble origins made him appreciate the idea of progress and self improvement, even though he was well aware of the few opportunities he had for this. Zedillo was educated in public schools in Mexicali where he was recognized as an excellent student. During his adolescence, young Ernesto actively participated in school events, such as alumni societies and head of the school newspaper. In 1965, at the age of 14, he returned to Mexico City. In 1969 he entered the National Polytechnic Institute, financing his studies by working in the National Army and Navy Bank (nowadays Banjercito). He graduated as an Economist in 1972 and began lecturing. It was among his first group of students where he met his wife, Nilda Patricia Velasco with whom he has 5 children: Ernesto, Emiliano, Carlos, Nilda Patricia and Rodrigo.
Early Life and Education Political party Political Career
In 1974 he pursued his master's and Ph.D. studies at Yale University. His doctoral thesis was titled: "Mexico's public external debt: recent history and future growth related to oil".
Institutional Revolutionary Party Zedillo began working in the Bank of Mexico (Mexico's central bank), as a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, where he supported the adoption of macroeconomic policies for the country's improvement. By 1987 he was named undersecretary of Planning and Budget Control in the Secretariat of Budget and Planning. In 1988 at the age of thirty-six he headed that secretariat. During his term as Secretary, Zedillo launched a Science and Technology reformation. In 1992 he was appointed Secretary of Education by president Carlos Salinas, a year later he resigned to run the electoral campaign of Luis Donaldo Colosio, the PRI's presidential
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
candidate. The opposition blamed Colosio's murder on Salinas. Although the PRI's presidential candidates were always chosen by the current president, and thus Colosio had originally been Salinas' candidate, their political relationship had been affected by a famous speech during the campaign in which Colosio said that Mexico had many problems. It is also notable that the assassination took place after Colosio visited the members of the Zapatista movement in Chiapas and promised to open dialogue, something the PRI opposed.[citation needed] After Colosio's murder, this speech was seen as the main cause of his break with the president.[citation needed] The choice of Zedillo was interpreted as Salinas' way of bypassing the strong Mexican political tradition of non-reelection and retaining real power, since Zedillo was not really a politician, but an economist (like Salinas), who clearly lacked the president's political talent and influence. It is unclear if Salinas had attempted to control Colosio, who was generally considered at that time to be a far better candidate. Zedillo contested against Diego Fernández de Cevallos and second-timer Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of the National Action Party and Party of the Democratic Revolution respectively. He won by 48.69% of popular vote, some 17,181,651, and at the time this was the cleanest election in the country's history Economic Policy Source (WWW)
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Zedillo_Ponce_de_Le%C3% B3n http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1998.htm
Top 5 songs playing at the time
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Too Close, Next The Boy Is Mine, Brandy and Monica You're Still The One, Shania Twain Truly Madly Deeply, Savage Garden How Do I Live, LeAnn Rimes
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
PHOTO NAME
Vicente Fox
Presidential Period
2000 to 2006
Born
July 2, 1942
Early Life and Education Political party
Fox spent his childhood and adolescence at the family ranch in San Francisco del Rincón in Guanajuato. He moved to Mexico City to attend the Universidad Iberoamericana where he pursued a business degree until 1964, and he earned his diploma in Top Management Skills from the Harvard Business School in the United States. He didn't graduate from the Universidad Iberoamericana until early 2000's[6]
PAN
On July 7, 1997 (three years before the presidential election of 2000), Vicente Fox decided to run for President of Mexico. In spite of opposition within his party, Fox secured his candidacy representing the Alliance for Change, a political coalition formed by the National Action Party and the Green Ecological Party of Mexico on November 14, 1999. Political Career Economic Policy
Vicente Fox was one of the few Presidents to avoid a major economic upheaval during office, however economy grew at the slowest pace in history, second only to the de la Madrid administration. According to the Central Bank, inflation hadn't been as low as during Fox's term since before 1973. GDP growth dropped from an average of 5.1% in the Zedillo administration to the lowest in a decade, an average of 2.2% during Fox's administration. Fox's cabinet blamed the low growth on the slowdown of the Economy of the United States, but as this country started growing again in 2002-2003 Mexico did not grow at the same pace and was surpassed by China as the second import partner of the United States. Tax revenue as a proportion of GDP fell from 10.6% at the beginning of his administration to 9.7% at the end of his term.
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table: In contrast with previous administrations, debt as a proportion of GDP did not grow during Fox's term.[ Minimum wages during Fox's administration increased at a nominal rate of 34% Housing was among Vicente Fox's top priorities. By 2006, the Infonavit, the federal fund for workers' housing, had 60% "market share" in the mortgage business, granting 435,000 credits a year, with an expected yearly growth of 24%. During Vicente Fox's presidency, the Mexican Stock Exchange reached record highs throughout his term. The record highs were caused by a better economic outlook throughout his term, larger international reserves, and a better debt rating that led to lower interest rates In 2002, Mexico reached a GDP per capita of 9,381 dollars per year and thus became a medium-high income country. Five years later, Mexico went from beneficiary to full contributor of the United Nations Development Program.
Source (WWW)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_administration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Fox http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/2002.htm
Top 5 songs playing at the time
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
A Thousand Miles, Vanessa Carlton Get The Party Started, Pink Complicated, Avril Lavigne Dilemma, Nelly featuring Kelly Rowland In The End, Linkin Park
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
PHOTO NAME
Felipe Calderón
Presidential Period
December 1, 2006 from to 2012
Born
Early Life and Education Political party
August 18, 1962 After growing up in Morelia, Calderón moved to Mexico City, where he received a bachelor's degree in law from the Escuela Libre de Derecho. Later on, he received a master's degree in economics from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) and a Master of Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.[3] the National Action Party (PAN), He was a local representative in the Legislative Assembly and, on two different occasions, in the federal Chamber of Deputies. He ran for the governorship of Michoacán in 1995 and served as national president of the PAN from 1996 to 1999. During his tenure, his party maintained control of 14 state capitals, but also lost presence in the federal Chamber of Deputies. he joined the presidential cabinet as Secretary of Energy, replacing Ernesto Martens. He left the post in May 2004 in protest of Vicente Fox's criticism of his presidential ambitions while supporting those of Santiago Creel.
Political Career
Economic Policy Source (WWW)
Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact First Employment Program Public servants salary cap Wikipedia Wapedia
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
Class exercise 2.
August 27th, 2009
Student’s Name: __Coralie Lavergne, Pierre Every_ ID # _899015 Complete the following table:
Top 5 songs playing at the time
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n_Hinojosa Crazy Gnarls BarkleySteady As She Goes The Raconteurs"Ridin'" Rihanna ombrella Lily allen Smile
AFTER REVIEWING THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THIS PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD, USE YOUR OWN CRITERIA TO NAME IT.
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