Cisco Hierarchical Model
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Cisco Hierarchical Model There are three layers to the Cisco hierarchical model 1. The core (backbone) layer provides optimal transport between sites. 2. The distribution layer provides policy-based connectivity. 3. The local-access layer provides workgroup/user access to the network.
Core Layer •
Responsible for transporting large amounts of traffic reliably and quickly.
•
Only purpose is to switch traffic as fast as possible (speed and latency are factors).
•
Failure at the Core layer can affect every user, design for fault tolerance at this level.
•
Design specifications Don't Do at this layer ○
Don't use access lists, packet filtering, or VLAN Routing.
○
Don't support workgroup access here.
○
Don't expand (i.e. more routers), upgrade devices instead (faster with more capacity).
Do at this layer ○
Design for high reliability (FDDI, Fast Ethernet with redundant links, or ATM).
○
Design for speed and low latency.
○
Use routing protocols with low convergence times.
Distribution Layer •
Also called workgroup layer, this is the communication point between the access and core layers.
•
Primary functions include routing, filtering, WAN access, and determining how packets can access the Core layer if necessary.
•
Determines fastest/best path and sends request to the Core layer. Core layer will then quickly transport the request to the correct service.
•
Place to implement network policies. Distribution Layer Functions ○
Access lists, packet filtering, queuing.
○
Security and network policies such as address translation and firewalling.
○
Re-distribution between routing protocols including static routing.
○
Routing between VLANs and other workgroup support functions.
○
Departmental or workgroup access.
○
Definition of broadcast and multicast domains.
○
Any media transitions that need to occur.
Access Layer •
Controls local end user access to internetwork resources.
•
Also called desktop layer.
•
The resources most users need will be available locally.
•
Distribution layer handles traffic for remote services.
•
Continued use of access lists and filters.
•
Creation of separate collision domains (segmentation).
•
Workgroup connectivity at Distribution layer.
•
Technologies such as DDR and Ethernet switching are seen in the Access layer.
•
Static routing is here.
Core Layer •
Responsible for transporting large amounts of traffic reliably and quickly.
•
Only purpose is to switch traffic as fast as possible (speed and latency are factors).
•
Failure at the Core layer can affect every user, design for fault tolerance at this level.
•
Design specifications Don't Do at this layer ○
Don't use access lists, packet filtering, or VLAN Routing.
○
Don't support workgroup access here.
○
Don't expand (i.e. more routers), upgrade devices instead (faster with more capacity).
Do at this layer ○
Design for high reliability (FDDI, Fast Ethernet with redundant links, or ATM).
○
Design for speed and low latency.
○
Use routing protocols with low convergence times.
Distribution Layer •
Also called workgroup layer, this is the communication point between the access and core layers.
•
Primary functions include routing, filtering, WAN access, and determining how packets can access the Core layer if necessary.
•
Determines fastest/best path and sends request to the Core layer. Core layer will then quickly transport the request to the correct service.
•
Place to implement network policies. Distribution Layer Functions ○
Access lists, packet filtering, queuing.
○
Security and network policies such as address translation and firewalling.
○
Re-distribution between routing protocols including static routing.
○
Routing between VLANs and other workgroup support functions.
○
Departmental or workgroup access.
○
Definition of broadcast and multicast domains.
○
Any media transitions that need to occur.
Access Layer •
Controls local end user access to internetwork resources.
•
Also called desktop layer.
•
The resources most users need will be available locally.
•
Distribution layer handles traffic for remote services.
•
Continued use of access lists and filters.
•
Creation of separate collision domains (segmentation).
•
Workgroup connectivity at Distribution layer.
•
Technologies such as DDR and Ethernet switching are seen in the Access layer.
•
Static routing is here.
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