Chronicle Feb 11 09

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C HRONICLE VOLUME XXXVII NUMBER 25

•1111 King St. •Charleston, SC 29403• FEBRUARY 11, 2009 • .50

Chronicle Endorses Gregorie in Dist. 6 Runoff Suppose they had an election and nobody came? Sadly--no, tragically--that’s what occurred in the District 6 election where there are some 5,353 registered voters, and only 349 came to the polls. In the St. Andrews precinct alone, of the 402 registered voters, only four took time to venture out. And what dose that mean? Well, it means that we complain about our elected officials not being

accountable. It means that we complain hat our elected officials operate on an agenda that seems more self-serving than representative of the people’s will. It means we complain about a sort of monarchial presence of our elected leaders: once elected, they tend to stay. It also means we get the kind of elected officials and the kind of representation we deserve. But, at any rate, we have an overwhelming obligation to look closely at can-

didates William Dudley Gregorie and Tommie Coaxum and then attempt to determine which of these aspirant politicians would have the most to offer this community. This community has been plagued for too many years with political candidates who are so impressed with themselves and their evaluation of their own abilities that they have forgotten that their first obligation is to the people as opposed to themselves. See pg 2

Why They Support Ms. Coaxum Senator Ford: Rep. Gilliard:

“SHE WORKED ON MY CAMPAIGN” “SHE’S A GOOD WOMAN”

Higgins: “A Silent Kind of Election” By Barney Blakeney The low voter turnout for the Feb. 3 special election to fill the unexpired term of Charleston City Council Dist. 6 vacated by Wendell Gilliard has been described as disappointing. With only 354 voters casting ballots in the district of 5,353 registered voters, speculations over reasons for the low voter turnout are varied. The low voter turnout has forced a Feb. 17 runoff election between Tommie Coaxum (172 votes) and William Dudley Gregorie (158 votes). Jeffery Hill received only nine votes. Observers listed several reasons they think contributed to the low voter turnout. Some cited little confidence elected council members can influence policy in Charleston’s strong

Leonard Higgins mayor/weak council form of government, a relatively unpublicized special election and lack of confidence in the candidates themselves. Dist. 6 encompasses eight city precincts located on the peninsula’s west side and a hodgepodge of communities along S.C.

Highway 171 West Ashley. St. Andrews precinct 3 at the W.L Stephens recreation center on Playground Road with 1,164 registered voters drew the greatest number of voters with 111 voters (9.62 percent of eligible voters) casting ballots. Coaxum garnered 60 votes compared to Gregorie’s 40 and Hill’s nine. Charleston precinct 13 at Burke High School with 998 registered voters drew the second highest number of voters with a total of 89 voters (9.12 percent of eligible voters) casting 74 ballots for Gregorie, 14 casting ballots for Coaxum and one voter casting a ballot for Hill. No other precinct had more than 47 individuals casting ballots. James Johnson, a East Oak See pg 2

S.C. State Fails to Comply with Accredidation Standards

Tommie Coaxum, Senator Ford and Rep. Wendell Gilliard

A letter from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools sent to South Carolina State last month states that the university didn't provide proof it complied with several accreditation standards. In December, SACS placed S.C. State on a 12-month warning for failure to comply with five standards.Former S.C. State Board Chairman Maurice Washington acknowledged the warning came under his watch.Washington said he believed the university's

VOTE GREGORIE FOR CHARLESTON CITY COUNCIL DISTRICT 6 TUESDAY FEBRUARY 17TH

report was sufficient to demonstrate compliance."How do you go beyond that to prove you're in compliance?" Washington said.The SACS letter didn't outline specific instances in which S.C. State was noncompliant. But S.C. State's report to SACS does explicitly define one violation. An independent academic audit commissioned by the board during the administration of former President Dr. Andrew Hugine was cited. The See pg 2

Maurice Washingtonformer Trustee Board Chairman

What Was He Thinking ? Commitment Compassion Competence William Dudley Gregorie, Charleston’s Own: Worked tirelessly to create jobs and provide critical resources for our community as HUD’s Columbia Director for nearly a decade; Wants to continue his service as your next City Councilman by expanding economic development, increasing opportunities for small business owners, and improving education; Is a true visionary: as our Councilman, he will seek for us safer, better streets and more measures taken to preserve our community, rich with culture and history. We need William Dudley Gregorie to be our Full-Time City Councilman. Let him be your choice on Tuesday, February 17th. Paid for by the Grassroots Committee to Elect William Dudley Gregorie to City Council Seat District 6

ENDORSEMENTS

City Councilman James Lewis, Jr. District 3

City Councilman Robert M. Mitchell District 4

Mr. Arthur Lawrence, Westside Neighborhood Assoc. President

City Councilman Jimmy S. Gallant, III District 5

Mr. Clay Middleton, Lowcountry Coordinator for Cong. Jim Clyburn

“He has the temperament and experience to get the job done!”

Sen. Robert Ford Larry Smith, Publisher, Community Times. FLORENCE- This week a South Carolina Senate panel approved a bill to force South Carolina counties, towns and cities to give workers a paid Confederate Memorial Day holiday. The bill was introduced by Charleston Senator Robert Ford, an African-American with governatorial hopes. Senator Ford believes that the bill will force South Carolinians to reflect on the state’s history. The questions are, what has the Senator been drinking, or has he been blinded by the lights of too many video games? In a state where we are forced to cut back on teachers in the classrooms, this Senate leader believes we should spend more of the state’s limited financial resources to teach our children information that already exists in history books in our schools. Yes, as Senator Ford says, we should work for a better understanding of one another’s history, but this misunderstanding is one of the reasons that South Carolina is facing a 10% unemployment rate, third world health statistics and environmental issues like those that lead

Ford Introduces Bill To Create A Confederate Holiday! us toward becoming the nation’s dumping ground. Senator Ford says he wants to be Governor of South Carolina, but where is the vision and new ideas that will move South Carolina from an outhouse state of mind to a state where we use our colleges and university systems to map out our future. Today at Clemson University students and staff are working on cutting edge technology for the automotive industry. At the University of South Carolina-Columbia they are working on nanotechnology and biotech systems. While South Carolina State University engineers are working with the Savannah River Plant on nuclear issues, and all Senator Ford has to add is that we need to better understand the Confederacy. Some who read this will think that this is a race issue, AfricanAmericans versus whites, but this issue cuts to the heart of South Carolina. For nearly 40-years African-American children and white children have been going to school together, working together, and in some cases going to church together. If we want them to continue to have these opportunities

Larry Smith- Publisher we need to create a new economy in South Carolina. One that gives all of our citizens a chance to work in jobs that pay a living wage, a wage that will support families by providing economic resources such as health insurance and the ability to own their own home. Senator Ford, you are no President Barack Hussein Obama. Your vision for South Carolina doesn’t include the great minds in the state; it only seems to be a poor attempt to draw attention for your campaign – a page taken from the manual used by the white elected officials across the state and the nation who want to divide the voters across racial lines. With concerns from counties, local municipalities and from the former Chair of the South Carolina Legislative Black Caucus, Representative Leon Howard (D) Richland County, as they cite the 357, 734 people in Richland County and the millions across South Carolina. Representative Howard went on record to say that he was not aware of any public outcry to support another paid holiday. However, Senator Ford See pg 2

The Chronicle

2- February 11, 2009 Chronicle endorsements ----------------------------cont. from pg 1 Public office is a trust and it is a trust that should not be taken lightly. It takes a certain kind of man or woman to effectively represent a district.The battle lines are being drawn now, with the injection of State Senator Robert Ford going all out in support of Ms. Coaxum by financing her campaign, that’s good, nothing wrong with that, but the question remains who is financing the senator? It would behoove us to look closely at the candidates and then give it only if we are convinced that the person can adequately give us the kind of representation we have deserved for so long and gotten only rarely. It is for this reason that we endorse William Dudley Gregorie in the Feb. 17 in the runoff election. Also, you have to wonder why the endorsers in the above photo, can vouch for a candidate, Tommie Coaxum, who claims to be an ‘educator’ but has never revealed her educational background or schools she has served, except in the capacity as a substitute teacher! Further, why would Mayor Joe Riley Jr. agree to endorse Ms. Coaxum, except having a “safe” vote on council? Perhaps he may have forgotten that it was Mr. Gregorie, as director of HUD operations in South Carolina, increased funding for the State to over $ 1.4 billion and $400 million for the expansion of MUSC. This included another $8 billion for counties across the State, including the City of Charleston. Jim French

Higgins a --------------------------------------------------cont. from pg 1 Forest resident said while he saw almost no signs of campaigning by the three candidates - Coakum of West Ashley, Gregorie of Charleston’s west side and Hill also of West Ashley leading up to the election the city’s form of governing probably kept many voters at home. “A lot of people don’t think their representatives on council have any power to influence what happens because Mayor Joe Riley controls everything in the strong mayor form of government. So it really didn’t matter who got elected,” Johnson reasoned. The thought that elected representation, at least for this special election, is inconsequential was echoed by Elliott Blake of Line Street. Blake said he felt neither of the three candidates offering for the seat demonstrated the qualities needed for effective representation. “All of them brought something to the table, but they all also had flaws. One seemed to have no specific agenda, another seemed handpicked to promote the status quo agenda and the third candidate seemed to lack commitment to any agenda,” Blake said. “I don’t think Dist. 6 constituents saw the kind of representation they want in

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(843) 723-2785 Fax: (843) 577-6099 Email: [email protected] J. JOHN FRENCH, SR. President - Editor//Publisher VALENTINA SMALLS Operations-Business Mgr./ Comptroller-Advertising SIMONA A. FRENCH ReceptionistTraffic/Photographer Marketing Tolbert Smalls, Jr. Contributing WritersHakim Abdul-Ali Beverly Birch Bob Small DEADLINE: PUBLIC SERVICES FRIDAY PRIOR TO PUBlICATION DATE Member: National Newspaper Publishers, Assoc. South Carolina Press Assoc. Amalgamated Publishers S.C. Chamber of Commerce NO REFUNDS ON SUBSCRIPTIONS Published Wednesday TRI State PrintingNorth Charleston Credo of The Black Press The Black Press believes that America can best lead the world from racial and national antagonism when it accords to every person, regardless of race, creed or color, his or her human and legal rights. Hating no person, fearing no person, the Black Press strives to help every person in the firm belief that all persons are hurt as long as anyone is held back

any of the candidates,’ he added. Leonard Higgins of Ashleyville said he was disappointed about the election and attributed the low voter turnout to a lack of campaigning on the part of the candidates and publicity on the part of the media. “This was a kind of silent election. A lot of people said they didn’t even know about the election and many white constituents West Ashley didn’t participate at all,” he said. While the candidates began to campaign in various communities a few days prior to the election he saw few signs that an election was forthcoming in the weeks preceding the election either from candidates or the news media which gave the election only minimal coverage, Higgins added. “I trust now that people are aware of the Feb. 17 runoff election those who will be impacted by whomever is elected will have a hand in choosing a representative,” Higgins said.

SCLC Faces Another Turning Point By. George E Curry NNPA Columnist Five years ago, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the Atlanta-based civil rights group co-founded by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., was in disarray. It had just concluded a convention in Jacksonville, Fla. that was so contentious that police had to be summoned to keep the peace. Instead of choosing between the two candidates vying for president at the time, TV Judge Greg Mathis and Ralph D. Abernathy III, convention delegates picked Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth to serve as interim president. But when Shuttlesworth fired longtime staffer Rev. E. Randel T. Osburn several months later, the SCLC board overruled Shuttlesworth and suspended him. The civil rights icon from Birmingham, Ala. quit, saying: “Only God can give life to the dead.” That’s when the SCLC board turned to Charles Steele, Jr., an Alabama undertaker, to breathe new life into the dying organization. Taking office with no money in the bank and the office lights turned out, Steele began rebuilding the organization. The group’s finances were so shaky that when Steele first accepted the job, he commuted from Tuscaloosa, Ala. and for a short period, slept in his car to save money. But that changed quickly. The former Alabama state senator raised more than $6 million over four years, including $3.3 million to build new headquarters for SCLC on Auburn Avenue. The organization’s assets increased 10-fold under Steele. Over that same period, the former Alabama state senator increased the number of chapters from 10 to 85 and rescued SCLC from irrelevancy. Steele resigned as presi-

What was --------------------------------------------------cont. from pg 1 dismissed those concerns saying the benefits outweighed the costs. As this bill heads to the full Senate Judicial Committee, I for one would like to know what benefits Senator Ford sees in this bill, and I mean the benefits that don’t include him doing a song and dance for what he thinks is a chance to get the white vote. Senator Ford is right when he says that we have come a long way in South Carolina. We have come a long way when one of the most hard lined African-American leaders in our state turns to a group he has been fighting all of his political life for support of his run for Governor. What’s next Senator Ford? Do you put on white face and sing “Mammy?” South Carolina has some big issues facing us this year and we cannot afford the lack of leadership that Senator Ford is offering from any of our elected officials, African-American or white. Isn’t it time we go about the business of growing our state and creating a better quality of life for the people who live in our state. Senator Ford’s bill should be voted down and the people of Charleston should take a long look at who they send to represent them in the South Carolina Senate, because while other Senate leaders continue to “bring home the bacon” for their communities all Senator Ford can come up with is a poor plan to get himself elected governor of the state. South Carolina deserves better leaders and we as citizens should demand more in 2009. Larry Smith is the Publisher of The Community Times Newspaper and The Times Upstate Newspaper in South Carolina. He can be reached by email at [email protected].

dent and CEO of SCLC, effective this week, and Byron Clay, a board member from Kenner, La., was named interim president. Although Steele left office without rancor – Board Chairman Raleigh Trammell repeatedly tried to persuade Steele to rescind his resignation – SCLC finds itself at another turning point. And the person the board selects to lead the organization may determine if SCLC will build on the progress made under Steele’s leadership or return to its near-death status. Whomever is selected, along with the board, will face the challenge of coming up with vibrant programs to make the organization more effective. Despite being a major player in the civil rights movement, seeking justice for the Jena 6 in Louisiana, marching to urge the Justice Department under George W. Bush to be more aggressive in enforcing civil rights and preaching economic empowerment, much of Steele’s efforts were devoted to keeping the organization solvent. He also spent a considerable amount of time making SCLC an international force, establishing conflict resolution centers abroad and joining efforts to bring peace to the Middle East. To attract a credible national figure to become SCLC’s seventh president in 52 years, the board needs to adjust how it interacts with its president/CEO. The role of directors is to establish policy and allow the president to supervise day-to-day operations. Although Steele never

cited it as a factor in his decision to leave, the SCLC board is deeply involved in daily operations of SCLC. For example, the organization’s general counsel reports directly to the board chairman instead of the president as is the case under most organizational structures. Still, the past several years have been uncommonly smooth for SCLC, largely because of the good working relationship between Chairman Trammell and President Steele. Trammell was generally supportive of Steele and Steele maintained open and regular communications with Trammell, who lives in Dayton, Ohio. Since Joseph Lowery stepped down as president of SCLC in 1997 after a 20year tenure, the organization has been roiled by political infighting. Martin Luther King III’s 7-year year tenure ended in 2004 after frequent clashes with the board. Shuttlesworth quit abruptly in 2004 after serving several months. And when Steele was selected to succeed Shuttlesworth that same year, many were predicting a similar fate for him. In a speech to the National Newspaper Publishers Association in Phoenix two years ago, Steele recalled: “When we got there, the lights were off. The phone was off. Dr. King’s organization couldn’t meet payroll, inherited a $100,000 debt from the convention coming out of Jacksonville, Fla. and owed the federal government. And now the federal government owes us. In the last two years, we have raised $6 million.” Trammell, in a statement

S.C. State ------------------------------------------------cont. from pg 1 accrediting agency said the board's audit was conducted "in a manner that is not clearly articulated in its bylaws."SACS also contended the audit failed to involve faculty and the administration, which violates SACS standard 3.4.10.That standard mandates faculty is ultimately responsible for a university's curriculum.SACS acknowledged a similar audit had been conducted earlier by Hugine's administration.S.C. State says the audit was conducted to assess the effectiveness and productivity of certain academic programs and the possibility of adding new majors.The university said the second audit was appropriate because the initial one failed to address the concerns of the board regarding academics. It also included more faculty representation than the first audit.The S.C. State report added, "This review provided a framework from which the faculty can develop a plan of action to enhance its academic programs and curricula." The audit was done by the Education Commission of the States. It was the same review the board cited as a reason to terminate Hugine's contract in 2007.Washington reiterated that faculty was involved in conducting the ECOS audit. In addition, S.C. State noted faculty have leadership roles in multiple councils and committees on campus. SACS also said the university didn't adhere to standard 3.2.6, which requires a clear distinction between the roles of the board and administration.SACS said it received an overwhelming amount of third-party comments from press and individuals in regard to the board micromanaging Hugine's administration."... there appears to be a serious disconnect between the opinions of the public and school officials," SACS said in regard to the allegation.The S.C. State report contended the media contributed to the public perception of board micromanagement.It also asserted that Washington, speaking on behalf of the university, was viewed by some as "usurping the power of the president. However, in order for the board to promote the interests of the university, there are times when they must be spokespersons for the university." Third-party information suggested the board also interfered with the athletics program. SACS standard 3.2.11 states the president must have authority over athletics. In the report, the university contended the board only approves policy and provides a supportive role to athletics.The report noted the president assigns the duties of the athletic director. S.C. State also has an NCAA compliance officer who reports to the president, according to the report.S.C. State submitted several contracts to show compliance for SACS standard 3.2.11. One of those was a signed contract between Hugine and University of South Carolina Athletics Director Eric Hyman to play two football games over a five-year period.SACS asked S.C. State to submit proof the board wasn't controlled by a minority of trustees. The agency also requested evidence the board did not have any conflict of interest issues.The university responded that the board's committee structure ensured all trustees have an equal influence on policy. The report noted that all trustees must sign a statement swearing they are free from any conflict of interest pertaining to S.C. State.The warning does not affect the institution's current accredited status.The university will have to submit evidence it is complying with the standards by September or face further consequences. If S.C. State fails to comply with those standards by next fall, it could receive probation. According to the SACS Web site, probation is usually, but not always, the next step before a university loses its accreditation.The SACS letter and S.C. State's report were obtained through a Freedom of Information Act Request. S.C. President George Cooper had said the university wouldn't relinquish the SACS letter, citing it as an institutional matter.During Thursday's board committee meetings, Washington said those documents should be made public. Cooper replied the university would release the documents, which it did.Cooper said the university would hire a consultant to assist with its 2010 SACS reaccreditation process.

announcing Steele’s departure, said, “Charles Steele’s passion for civil rights and his desire to keep the organization alive and relevant has changed not only SCLC, but the world’s view of SCLC for the better.” Trammell added, “His determination and drive restored the organization back to our original relevance. Because of Charles, our membership has increased and he has given a new foundation on which we can continue to build.” Steele, who moved his family from his native Tuscaloosa, Ala. to Atlanta, said he plans to remain in Georgia and concentrate on potential business opportunities, many of them in the international arena. He also plans serve as a consultant to SCLC while it seeks its next leader and build on his efforts to establish conflict resolution centers around the world. In the meantime, my old buddy can be proud of what he accomplished. In addition to always criticizing “scared Negroes,” he was fond of saying that when he took over, “We weren’t dead, but we were on life-support.” SCLC can now breathe easier because of Charles Steele, Jr. George E. Curry, former editor-in-chief of Emerge magazine and the NNPA News Service, is a keynote speaker, moderator, and media coach. He can be reached through his Web s i t e , www.georgecurry.com.

“To the ordinary American or Englishman, the race question at bottom is simply a matter of ownership of women; white men want the right to use all women, colored and white, and they resent the intrusion of colored men in this domain.” W.E.B. DuBois

The Chronicle

February 11, 2009- 3

The Chronicle

4-February 11, 2009

Black History Month Still Needed By. George E Curry NNPA Columnist

by Jim French

Who Asked Me? by Beverly Gadson-Birch

The Words of Malcolm X (To mark the assassination of Malcolm X, February 21, we are reprinting excerpts from speeches he made in 1964 and 1965.) Malcolm broke with the Nation of Islam in March of 1964 because of the group’s policy of shunning involvement in the social and political struggles of Blacks. After he left the Nation, Malcolm began to put together a new group the Organization of Afro-American unity, that aimed to be a part of and help lead struggles for Black liberation from oppression. To a large degree, Malcolm’s political development was also shaped by opposition to the moderate outlook of the accepted leaders of the Black movement. Unlike them a central tenet of Malcolm’s thinking was firm opposition to relying on the whims of Congress of waiting for the government to fulfill its promises. Malcolm castigated liberalism and blasted illusions about Black progress. He concluded that Blacks would have to view their struggle in a new light and broaden their horizons. They would have to organize their own power to realize Black liberation. In the face of such power, Malcolm warned, the government would use repression. But it would also offer concessions, reforms, and Black figureheads as safety devices against social explosions. The ideas that Malcolm warned, the government would use repression. But it would also offer concessions, reforms, and Black figureheads as safety devices against social explosions. The ideas that Malcolm was presenting were a major threat to this country’s rulers. He was saying no to segregation, and no to second-class citizenship. They had to go; and if the system or any individuals stood in the way, they had to also go. It is easy to understand why the country’s rulers would be relieved to see Malcolm gotten out of the way. it is still not known to what degree they had a hand in doing it. But on February 21, 1965, assassins removed Malcolm from the scene. His ideas, however, remain. On broken promises: “It was the Black man’s vote that put the present (Lyndon Johnson) administration in Washington D.C. Your vote, your dumb vote, your ignorant vote, your wasted vote put in an administration in Washington, D.C., that has seen fit to pass every kind of legislation imaginable, saving you until last, then filibustering on top of that.” “And you and my leaders have the audacity to run around clapping their hands and talk about how much progress we’re making. And what a good president we have, if he wasn’t good in Texas, he sure can’t be good in Washington, D.C. Because Texas, is a lynch state. It is in the same breath as Mississippi, no different; only they lynch you in Texas with a Texas accent and lynch you in Mississippi with a Mississippi accent.” “And these Negro leaders have the audacity to go and have some coffee in the White House with a Texan, a Southern cracker -- that ‘s all he is -- and then come out and tell you and me that he’s going to be better for us because, since he’s from the South, he knows how to deal with Southerners....” Look at the way it is. What alibis, do they use, since they control Congress and the Senate? What alibi do they use when you and I ask, “well, when ar you going to keep your promise?” They blame the Democratic party. The Democrats have never kicked the Dixiecrats out of the party. The Dixiecrats bolted themselves once, but the Democrats didn’t put them out. Imagine, these lowdown Southern segregationists put the Northern democrats down. But the Northern Democrats have never put the Dixiecrats down. Now, look at that thing the way it is. They have got a con game going on, a political con game, and you and I are in the middle. “It’s time for you and me to wake up and start looking at it like it is, and trying to understand it like it is: and then we can deal with it like it is. “The Ballot or the Bullet,” April 3, 1964. On Black progress: “When you compare our strides in 1964 with strides that have been made forward by people elsewhere all over the world, only they can appreciate the great double-cross experienced by Black people here in America in 1964. The power structure started out the new year the same way they started it out in Washington the other day. Only now they call it--what’s that? -- “The Great Society?” Last year, 1964, was supposed to be the “Year of Promise.” They opened up the new year in Washington, D.C., and in the city hall and in Albany talking about the Year of Promise.... “But by the end of 1964, we had to agree that instead of the Year of Promise, instead of those promises materializing, they substituted devices to create the illusion and delusion. We received nothing but a promise... “Right after they passed the civil rights bill they murdered a Negro in Georgia and did nothing about it; murdered two whites and a Negro in Mississippi and did nothing about it.” So that the civil rights bill has produced nothing where we’re concerned. It was only a valve, a vent, that was designed to enable us to let off our frustrations. But the bill itself was not designed to solve our problems. Since we see what they did in 1963, and we saw what they did in 1964. What will they do now, in 1965?.... “I just read where they planned to make a Black cabinet member. Yes, they have a new gimmick every year. They’re going to take one of their boys, Black boys, and put hin in the cabinet, so he can walk around Washington with a cigar-fire on one end and fool on the other. “And because his immediate personal problem will have been solved, he will be the one to tell our people, “Look how much progress we’re making: I’m in Washington, D.C. I can have tea in the White House” -- “Prospects from Freedom in 1965,” January 7, 1965. Which means segregation is against the law. A segrationist is a criminal. You can’t label him as anything other than that. And when you demonstrate against segragation the law is on your side. The Supreme Court is on your side. “The Ballot or the Bullet...” When you look at it like that, think how rich Uncle Sam had to become, not with this handful, but millions of Black people.. Your mother and father and my mother and father, who didn’t work an eight hour shift but worked from “can’t see” in the morning until “can’t see” at night, and worked for

An increasing number of people, including two of my journalism colleagues – Rochelle Riley and Cynthia Tucker – are proposing that we stop celebrating Black History Month. I strongly disagree and, evidently, so does Barack Obama, who signed an executive order designating February as African-American History Month. “I propose that, for the first time in American history, this country has reached a point where we can stop celebrating separately, stop learning separately, stop being American separately,” Riley wrote in the Detroit Free Press. “We have reached a point where most Americans want to gain a larger understanding of the people they have not known, customs they have not known, traditions they have not known.” Riley must be confusing Detroit, which is 81.6 percent Black, with the rest of America. Cynthia Tucker is even farther afield. She says that Black History Month seems “quaint, jarring, anachronistic.” Writing in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Tucker added, “Suffice it to say that the nation of Tiger Woods, Oprah and Barack Obama no longer needs a Black History Month.” Suffice it to say that this is sheer nonsense. The America of Tiger Woods, Oprah and Barack Obama is also the America where the Black unemployment rate is twice that of Whites, where the rate of poverty among Blacks is more than twice that of Whites and where the median family income for Whites is $25,000 higher than that of AfricanAmericans. The election of Barack Obama demonstrates how little White America knows about Blacks if they think he is the first African-American with the skills or education to serve as president of the United States. If students were taught about the contributions of Blacks in America perhaps they would know that W.E. B. DuBois earned a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1895. That same year, William Monroe Trotter, the crusading editor of the Boston Guardian, graduated from Harvard with Phi Beta Kappa honors, the most prestigious academic recognition in college. Yes, two African-Americans graduated from Harvard more than 100 years ago. A year after they graduated from Harvard, the Supreme Court issued its famous Plessy v. Ferguson decision, upholding Louisiana’s Separate Car Act requiring segregation on all common carriers operating in the state. Plessy wasn’t overturned until the Brown decision outlawed “separate but equal” schools in 1954. The Supreme Court decision notwithstanding, Jim Crow laws separating the races remained in effect for a decade after Brown, prohibiting Blacks from attending desegregated schools, being treated in the same hospitals, or being buried in the same cemeteries as Whites. Although many American history textbooks carry accounts of the Plessy decision, many are riddled with lies, beginning with the notion that Christopher Columbus “discovered” America. First, Columbus discovered land already occupied by Native Americans. Second, he was lost, thinking he was in India. Consequently, we have two groups of people called Indians today because Columbus got lost. Rarely are the contradictions about the so-called Founding Fathers taught to students. They were fighting for their freedom while enslaving Africans. Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, enslaved nearly 200 Africans. Even Abraham Lincoln wasn’t the great liberator he is portrayed to be in the history books. In fact, he said during one of the Lincoln-Douglas debates in 1858: “I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races, that I am not nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people ... I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race.” Were you ever taught that about Lincoln in school? Today’s students are not being taught that either, which is why we need Black History Month and more. I have posted on my Website, my Top 100 Books on Black History. Because the emphasis is on Black history, classics, such an Invisible Man and other works of fiction, are not included. Rather these are books that both Blacks and Whites should read in order to be fully educated about AfricanAmerican history. If you read 10 books on the list – any 10 – you will learn more Black history than you covered over the course of your elementary, secondary and probably college education. I understand the point Rochelle Riley and Cynthia Tucker were trying to make: Our history books should be inclusive and tell the history of all Americans, including Blacks. But the books aren’t inclusive and simply pretending they are does not contribute to our education nor justify ending Black History Month. George E. Curry, former editor-in-chief of Emerge magazine and the NNPA News Service, is a keynote speaker, moderator, and media coach. He can be reached through his Web site, www.georgecurry.com.

nothing, making the white man rich, making Uncle Sam Rich. This is our investment. This is our contribution--our blood. Not only did we give of our free labor, we gave of our blood. Every time he had a call to arms, we were the first ones in uniform. We died on every battlefield the white man had. We have made a greater sacrifice than anybody who’s standing up in America today. We have made a greater contribution and have collected less. Civil rights, for those of us whose philosophy is Black nationalism, means “give it to us now, fast enough.” -- “The Ballot or the Bullet.” Can I Ask For Mercy?

(It Ain’t Always About Race) It was May 17, 1954 when the Supreme Court outlawed segregation in public schools. Segregation was a part of the ole south that we wanted so desperately to leave behind. We had grown tired of the old hand me down readers where the characters were Jane and the little doggie named Spot. If you are a baby boomer or before, I am sure you will recall those colorful paperback readers with Jane and Spot. “Jane see spot run. Run Spot run.” When I think back to those white educators who denigrated black students with insignificant readers and denied them the same access to an education, I feel infuriated at just how they took advantage of the educational system to dumb down black students. As slaves, blacks were forbidden to read because woe be unto you if you were caught. If graves could talk, the number of blacks who were killed by Massah when he found out they could read would be staggering. In case white folks don’t know what racism is, that’s racism. When innocent Black children are denied the right to a quality and equal education as any other children, that is racism. Even when books were handed down from the White schools to the Black schools, there were never enough books to go around. Some Blacks got off to a late start in life with little or no education and never caught up. Even when the Supreme Court paved the way for a “so-called” equal education, Blacks had to work in the fields picking cotton and tobacco. They couldn’t afford to abandon the fields for the classroom. Blacks who wanted nothing more than to get an education was faced with the reality that they had to work if they were to survive; they had to substitute their dream of an education with the reality of work to provide for their families. In many instances, the older siblings in the family sacrificed their education so the younger ones could realize their dreams. Blacks were disenfranchised from what should have been one of those inalienable rights guaranteed under the Constitution. With all due respect to those teachers at St. John High School who took exception to the information that was reprinted from a 1997 education magazine and passed out by the Principal Specialist that said “black students learn and behave differently from white students” and attributed the achievement gap between Whites and Blacks, at least partly, to “white teachers who don’t understand black culture”. I say to you it ain’t always about race. Some things are about reality. It’s a fact that “some” white teachers do not have a clue about black culture and have not taken the time to learn about it. They live a life that black students can only fantasize about. Oftentimes, the truth hurts. While “some” teachers may have thought the Principal Specialist was out of line even to the point of being insensitive, I thought he was right on target. The fact is “Some” teachers don’t care that there is a vast difference between white and black culture. “Some” teachers know that they are there to get their student loans written off for working with “under privileged” children. When the loan is forgiven, the teacher is gone. “Some” teachers are in the classroom getting frustrated because they can’t seem to “reach” the child. In order to reach a child, you must be able to touch the child. To touch is not physical act but a mental connection. Teachers must be able to connect. How can you connect if you believe that all black students are like the criminals you see on television? That’s a minority representation of the black populace. If “some” of the teachers took the time to learn about black culture, they would understand that Blacks live by the railroad tracks and not by the seashores. They have to leave home to get some peace of mind from the train running by the house all day and all night. For relaxation, “some” open their windows to the roaring of the waves splashing against the sea wall. If “some” took the time to learn about black culture, they should have known that black children have problems with comprehension because the words they use are not used in many black children homes. How could you “some” have missed this? According to the newspaper article, one teacher said she interpreted the article as being “how do you reach kids who come from different backgrounds?” I say to this educator, you are on the right track. Continue to explore ways to work with all children. The first step is recognizing that there is a problem and working to find solutions. “Some” white teachers are running to Board members with frivolous complaints when they should be finding ways to teach children. The Principal Specialist did not write the article. He was merely using it as a tool to say, we have a problem and one of those problems might be that we are not addressing the cultural differences when trying to reach students. Since all students are not alike, it stands to reason that all students cannot learn the same at the same rate. You see one box does not fit all. Sometimes we have to go outside of the box for results. And, perhaps the Principal Specialist was saying if “some” teachers were listening instead of complaining about their hurt feelings they would not have been so quick to take things out of context. The fact is “we can learn from each other’s culture”. We are all different, yet alike. Even within the same race we are different, yet alike. If “some” of those white teachers think they know all there is to know about black children, they need to shadow a kid from the ghetto and they would learn more in one day than they have learned from those Ivy League schools in the four years it took them to get that “Bad (BA) Ass” Degree. Blacks are so often stereotyped while whites are not. All it takes is for one black person to exhibit some negative behavior and then all of them are thrown into the same bag. I challenge “some” of the teachers to work harder at educating all children. Teaching was never meant to be an easy job, just rewarding.

The Chronicle

February 11, 2009-5

As I See It

Hakim Abdul-Ali

Celebrating Afro Thought (Part One) It’s Black History Month time again for some seasonal-minded “colored” folk in America. For many others, like yours truly, it’s a daily happening. As such, I feel that I’m obliged as a student, collector, writer and reminder of soulful occurrences, both past and present, to tell it like it is, at least “As I See It.” I feel very honored to have written for so long for this highly regarded African-American newspaper called “The Charleston Chronicle.” This great news outlet has served as a vehicle to deliver the bold Black thoughts of the struggles, hopes and aspirations of many known and unknown people of color without fear. While thinking on that vein today I’d like you to join with me as I put some words, phrases and thoughts from the African and African-American experiences worldwide for us to reflect on. I hope to make you think that about the reality of where “we” are as a culture, and it’s “our” celebration. After all, it is “that” time of the year, so, let’s get busy and learn so more about the brilliance of the Black Experience. It’s something that we should all celebrate and be immensely proud of. I do, and I certainly am. I also feel that, if you’re of color, you should be too, because Black is Beautiful all year round. That’s not nationalistic in deliverance, but only a statement of a deeply felt God Alone creative fact, and now I’ll begin my “Celebration of Afro Thought.” I’ll start with words and thoughts of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., made in 1968 in his book, “ Where Do We Go From Here?” He said, “When I see the leaders of nations again talking peace while preparing for war, I take fearful pause. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money for military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death.” Mary Prince in “The History of Mary Prince” said, “How can slaves be happy when they have the halter around their neck and the whip upon their back? and are disgraced and thought no more of than beasts?—and are separated from their mothers and husbands, and children, and sisters, just as cattle are sold and separated.” These poignant thoughts were written in 1831. Novelist Frank Yerby in his 1967 book, “Judas, My Brother,” offered, “A man must live in this world and work out his own salvation in the midst of temptation.” A traditional Southern AfricanAmerican saying my late grandmother, Mrs. Mamie J. Simmons, would always remind me was that “People may think that you’re a fool. But open your mouth and they’ll surely know it.” Frederick Douglass boldly dictated in his classic autobiography of 1881, “Life and Times of Frederick Douglass,” that “You are not judged by the height (that) you have risen, but from the depth (that) you’ve climbed. “ Harlem’s own James Baldwin said “A ghetto can only be improved in only one way: out of existence.” This thought was a prevalent theme in his 1961 blockbuster “Nobody Knows My Name.” Zora Neale Hurston wrote “Roll your eyes in ecstasy and ape his every move, but until we have placed something up on the street corner that is our own, we are right back where we were when they filed the iron collar off.” This line appeared in her book “Moses, Man of the Mountain,” which was written in 1939. There’s a an African saying that states “The legs in chains with friends is better than to be with strangers in a garden.” In Egypt a favorite comment is “If you desire that your conduct is good, fight against the fault of greed, a severe disease which is incurable. It alienates fathers, mothers, as well as uncles and makes a dear friend bitter.” Claude McKay wrote many acclaimed masterpieces, and among them was his 1937 gem, “A Long Way from Home.” In this book he wrote, “Color consciousness was the fundamental of my restlessness. And it something which my fellow expatriates could sympathize, but which they could not altogether understand. For they were not Black like me. Not being Black and unable to see deep into the profundity of blackness, some even thought that I preferred to be white like them. “They couldn’t imagine that I had no desire merely to exchange my Black problems for their white problem. For all their knowledge and sophistication, they couldn’t understand the instinctive and animal and purely physical pride of being a Black person resolute in being himself and yet living a civilized life like themselves. Because their education in the white world had trained them to see a person of color either as an inferior or as an exotic.” If you’re of color, I believe that should make you think of the racism issue, and so should my next “Afro Thought.” It’s powerful. “We did not come into existence on the auction blocks of Richmond, Charleston and New Orleans. Nor did our religious consciousness begin with the preaching of Christianity. The missionaries tried their best to stamp out the survivals of African religions…but they couldn’t quite pull it off.” These explosive sentiments were voiced by Gayraud Wilmore, “Black Theology,” in Philot,ed., Best Black Sermons, 1972. Haki Madhubuti related in a 1986 “Crisis” magazine article “Only a Black man can teach a boy how to be a man, and Black men seldom talk to their sons.” Kwame Kkhrumah said in “I Speak of Freeedom” in 1961 that “Freedom without law is anarchy.” The great performer Leontine Price once said in 1990, “Be Black, shine, aim high.” Author and educator Dr. Nathan Hare often said in 1968 that “Black consciousness is the state of being conscious of one’s blackness viv-a-vis white racism…awareness of membership in the Black race and then struggle including the state of being void of dreams of one day waking up white.” In Jamaica the locals say “ sharp spur mek mauge horse cut caper. (The pinch of circumstances forces people to do what they themselves thought impossible.) Nnamdi Azkikiwe said, “Originality is the essence of true scholarship. Creativity is the soul of the true author. This brother of wisdom uttered this in a speech delivered in Lagos, Nigeria, in 1934. From this same country comes the famous expression that “It takes an entire village to educate the child.” The highly respected novelist Ralph Ellison said in his piece “Richard Wright’s Blues” in 1964, “The blues is an impulse to keep the painful details and episodes of a brutal experience alive in one’s aching consciousness, to finger its jagged grain, and to transcend it, not by the consolation of philosophy but by squeezing from it a near-tragic, near-comic lyricism. As a form, the blues is an autobiographical chronicle of personal catastrophe expressed lyrically.” From the general continent of Africa it’s believed that “A man without culture is like a grasshopper without wings.” To that I may the thoughts of J.A. Rodgers wrote in his book “Nature Knows No Color Line” way back in 1952 that “We are blossoms of the sun, and as blossoms owe their to sunlight so do human beings.” Do you understand that “Afro Thought?” Dr. Carter G. Woodson, the founder of Black history Week, now celebrated as Black History Month, said, in 1935, “Let the light of history enable us to see that enough of good there is in the lowest estate to sweeten life, enough of evil in the highest to check presumption; enough there is of both in all estates to bend us in compassionate brotherhood, to teach us impressively that we are of one dying and one immortal family.” Finally, please run this next quote from Ethiopia past your Black conscious mind-set and try to reflect for more than an instance on its relevance. It simply says that “Then a spider webs unite—they can tie up the lion.” On that note, I’ll conclude my “Collection of Afro Thoughts” for today, and that’s, “As I See It.”

Steele Resigns, Clay Named Interim President of National SCLC By. Jennifer Bihm Special to the NNPA from the Los Angeles Sentinel LOS ANGELES (NNPA) Southern Christian Leadership Council (SCLC) officials announced the resignation of their president Charles Steele Jr. last week and immediately afterwards a ground swell of rumors focused on The Rev. Eric Lee of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter as his replacement. Citing his desire to make ''a career change decision.'' Steele, 62, said, ''the time is right to bring on new leadership.'' However, he announced, he would still be a consultant to the civil rights organization co-founded by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Steele held the position since 2004, a time when SCLC was headed for bankruptcy, it was reported. He was able to turn things around financially and he also oversaw the building of conflict resolution centers overseas and a new site for national headquarters. SCLC Vice President Byron Clay will serve as president until a replacement for Steele is found, officials said.

Charles Steele Jr. Rev. Eric P. Lee is President/CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference of Greater Los Angeles and Chairman/President of the California Christian Leadership Conference, the parent organization for seven the California SCLC Chapters. Lee has been instrumental in increasing membership and managing the largest financial budget of any chapter outside of the national headquarters. ''There is no other person that I can think of to lead the national SCLC into the new millennium than Eric Lee,'' stated Los Angeles City Councilman Bernard Parks. A Diversity Task Force member, Lee has been working to reintegrate

African-Americans into the hotel and restaurant industries in California. He's a founding member of the Alliance for Equal Opportunity in Education, a collaboration of organizations in Los Angeles leading the fight against UCLA's admission policies for Black students. I addition, he is a co-founder of the Knowledge Transfer Summit, an AfricanAmerican Leadership Forum. Lee has a B.S. in Political Economies of Industrial Societies from UC Berkeley and a Masters in Pastoral Studies from Azusa Pacific University. He is an affiliate member of the Black Business Association, Recycling Black Dollars, 100 Black Men of Los Angeles, and Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity. ''At this time my primary focus is on the chapter that I have been selected to lead, but my commitment for the SCLC would not prevent me from doing whatever I'm asked of on any level,'' Lee said. Treasurer of the Los Angeles SCLC Board Danny J. Bakewell Jr. suggested that, ''Eric Lee is certainly qualified because the Los Angeles chapter is

as large as the national chapter and he has done a magnificent job in that post.'' SCLC is a now a nation wide organization made up of chapters and affiliates with programs that affect the lives of all Americans: north, south, east and west. Its sphere of influence and interests has become international in scope because the human rights movement transcends national boundaries. Past National Presidents have included, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.: 1957 to 1968 Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy: 1968 to 1977, Rev. Joseph E. Lowery: 1977 to 1997 Martin L. King, III: 1997 to 2004, Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth: February 2004 to November 2004 and Steele, Jr. Will Lee be next? Reverend Lee is one of Los Angeles' most vocal and visible civil and human rights activists. From addressing the right of African-American security guards to organize into unions to addressing homophobia, Lee has already leading the SCLC into the 21st Century.

The Cradle to Prison Pipeline: America’s New Apartheid

Marian Wright Edelman By. Marian Wright Edelman NNPA Columnist Child Watch® Incarceration is becoming the new American apartheid and poor children of color are the fodder. It is time to sound a loud alarm about this threat to American unity and community, act to stop the growing criminalization of children at younger and younger ages, and tackle the unjust treatment of minority youths and adults in the juvenile and adult criminal justice systems with urgency and persistence. The failure to act now will reverse the hard-earned racial and social progress for which Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and so many others died and sacrificed. We must all call for investment in all children from birth through their successful transition to adulthood, remembering Frederick Douglass's correct observation that ''it is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.'' So many poor babies in rich America enter the world with multiple strikes against them: born without prenatal care, at low birthweight, and to a teen, poor, and poorly educated single mother and absent father. At crucial points in their development after birth until adulthood, more risks pile on, making a successful transition to productive

adulthood significantly less likely and involvement in the criminal justice system significantly more likely. As Black children are more than three times as likely as White children to be poor, and are four times as likely to live in extreme poverty, a poor Black boy born in 2001 has a one in three chance of going to prison in his lifetime and is almost six times as likely as a White boy to be incarcerated for a drug offense. The past continues to strangle the present and the future. Children with an incarcerated parent are more likely to become incarcerated. Black children are nearly nine times and Latino children are three times as likely as White children to have an incarcerated parent. Blacks constitute one-third and Latinos one-fifth of the prisoners in America, and 1 in 3 Black men, 20 to 29 years old, is under correctional supervision or control. Of the 2.3 million in jail or prison, 64 percent are minority. Of the 4.2 million persons on probation, 45 percent are minority; of the 800,000 on parole, 59 percent are minority. Inequitable drug sentencing policies including mandatory minimums have greatly escalated the incarceration of minority adults and youths. Child poverty and neglect, racial disparities in systems that serve children, and the pipeline to prison are not acts of God. They are America’s immoral political and economic choices that can and must be changed with strong political, corporate and community leadership. No single sector or group can solve these child- and nation-threatening crises alone but all of us can together. Leaders must call us to the table and use their bully pulpits to replace our current paradigm of punishment as a first resort with a paradigm of prevention and early intervention. That will save lives, save families, save taxpayer money, and save our nation’s aspiration

to be a fair society. Health and mental health care and quality education cost far less than prisons. If called to account today, America would not pass the test of the prophets, the Gospels, and all great faiths. Christians who profess to believe that God entered human history as a poor vulnerable baby, and that each man, woman and child is created in God’s own image, need to act on that faith. The Jewish Midrash says God agreed to give the people of Israel the Torah only after they offered their children as guarantors, deeming neither their prophets nor elders sufficient. It is time to heed the prophets' call for justice for the orphans and the weak. America’s Declaration of Independence says, ''We hold these truths to be selfevident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights….'' After more than two centuries, it is time to make those truths evident in the lives of poor children of color and to close our intolerable national hypocrisy gap. America's sixth child is waiting for all of us to welcome him or her to the table in our rich land and show the world whether democratic capitalism is an oxymoron or whether it can work. Our national creed demands it. All great faiths demand it. Common sense and selfinterest require it. And our moral redemption and credibility in the world we seek to lead compels it. Ending child poverty is not only an urgent moral necessity, it is economically beneficial. Dr. Robert M. Solow, M.I.T. Nobel Laureate in Economics, wrote in Wasting America’s Future that ''ending child poverty is, at the very least, highly affordable'' and would be a boost to the economy. A healthy Social Security and Medicare system for our increasing elderly population need as many produc-

tive workers as possible to support them. We can ill afford to let millions of our children grow up poor, in poor health, uneducated, and as dependent rather than productive citizens. What then can leaders do to help build the spiritual and political will needed to help our nation pass the test of the God of history and better prepare for America’s future? What steps can you take to heed Dr. King’s warning not to let our wealth become our destruction but our salvation by helping the poor Lazaruses languishing at our closed gates? How can our nation use its blessings to bless all the children entrusted to our care and rekindle America’s dimming dream? As President Obama and Congress contemplate ways to stimulate our economy, let them begin by investing in a healthy, fair, head, and safe start for every American child and measures to ensure their successful transition to college and productive adulthood. Learn more about CDF's Cradle to Prison Pipeline® Campaign. Marian Wright Edelman, whose latest book is The Sea Is So Wide And My Boat Is So Small: Charting a Course for the Next Generation, is president of the Children's Defense Fund. For more information about the Children's Defense Fund, go to www.childrensdefense.org.

BARACK OBAMAA PART OF BLACK HISTORY

The Chronicle

6- February 11, 2009

Antebellum Slavery: Health The ante-bellum period of the old South is often considered the pinnacle of Southern aristocracy. Although the aristocrats owned a majority of the wealth and land, it was their slaves who made the plantations a success. The Work: Slavery became the most absolute involuntary form of human servitude. Their labor services are obtained through force and their physical beings are regarded as the proper-

Shirley Chisholm runs for president

ty of others. *Most slaves were given tasks to perform according to their physical capability.

By the early 1970s, the advances of the civil rights movement had combined with the rise of the feminist movement to create an African–American women’s movement. — There can’t be liberation for half a race,” declared Margaret Sloan, one of the women behind the National Black Feminist Organization, founded in 1973. A year earlier, Representative Shirley Chisholm of New York became a national symbol of both movements as the first major party African–American candidate and the first female candidate for president of the United States. A former educational consultant and a founder of the National Women’s Caucus, Chisholm became the first black woman in Congress in 1968, when she was elected to the House from her Brooklyn district. Though she failed to win a primary, Chisholm received more than 150 votes at the Democratic National Convention. She claimed she never expected to win the nomination. It went to George McGovern, who lost to Richard Nixon in the general election. The outspoken Chisholm, who attracted little support among African–American men during her presidential campaign, later told the press: —I've always met more discrimination being a woman than being black. When I ran for the Congress, when I ran for president, I met more discrimination as a woman than for being black. Men are men.”

*The slaves prepared their own food and carried it out to the field in buckets.

*A work day consisted of 15-16 hours a day, during harvest time and, could go on during harvest and milling for 16-18 per week 7 days a week.

*Lack of variety and vitamins made the slaves susceptible to nutrition related diseases. The Clothes: Slaves were not well-clothed. They had inadequate clothing for people engaged in heavy labor all year.

*Their was little sex differentiation in the field work. Women who were wellalong in their pregnancies, were still sent to work at plowing and hoeing.

*Children would dress in long shirts.

*"Hard driving" was quite common, and consisted of working slaves past their physical capabilities, as what they regarded as normal. *In the South there was no rest season, the climate was always considered good enough to work in and, so, everyone was economically active all year round. *Children between the ages of six and ten might be active as water carriers. Children between the ages of ten and twelve were organized into gangs and put to weeding.

Shirley Chisholm

dens, by fish or wild game, and molasses (not usually).

Punishment was an inherent part of the slave system. Not only was physical punishment brutal but the mental and sexual abuse were also an inherent part of slavery. The Punishments: While each plantation had its own set of social, religious, and labor codes, all had the basic format for an instilled hierarchy in which the slavemaster reigned as gad. He maintained the element of slave misery, by controlling the degree of pain. *Treatments were given such as mutilation, branding, chaining, and murder which were supposedly regulated or prohibited by law. *Whipings, beatings, drownings, and hangings were as unpredictable as

*Make slaves were provided with two shirts, woolen pants, and a jacket in the winter. Along with two shirts and two cotton pants in summer. Women were provided with an insufficient amount of cloth and made their own clothes. *The cloth was cheap material, produced in England ("Negro cloth").

they were gruesome.

onous.

*It was clear to plantation owners that slavery cold not survive without the whip (even though owners were forbidden to deliberately kill or maliciously mutilate a slave). Males and females were whipped indiscriminately. The severity of whipping depended on the number of strokes to the type of whip. Fifteen to twenty lashes were generally sufficient, but they could range much higher.

*Typical food allowance was a peck of corn meal and three to four pounds of salt pork or bacon per week per person. This diet could be supplemented by vegetables from their gar-

The Home: Plantation slaves were housed in slaves cabins. Small, rudely built of logs with clapboard sidings, with clay chinking. Floors were

packed dirt. They were leaky and drafty and the combination of wet, dirt, and cold made them diseased environments. The Diseases: The South was a disease environment for everyone due to the hotter weather and the swamp and marsh. Physicians were in short supply, and medical knowledge poor. There was no concept of bacterial transmission of disease, or insect borne diseases. Life expectancy for Southerners was lower than Northerners and life expectancy of slaves was lower than whites. *Diseases included malaria, Asiatic cholera, dysentery, pneumonia, tuberculosis, tetanus, pellagra, beri beri. *Deaths in child BIRTH WERE many due heavy excess labor. The only thing that eased the pains of slavery was that they were allowed to have families and that they could but their freedom, which was not likely, but it gave them hope.

* Other items used for punishments included stocks, chains, collars, and irons. *Slaves could also be hanged or burned at the stake. *Women could be raped by the owner of the plantation, his sons or, any white male. The slave standard of living started with a poor, and often, inadequate diet. The Food: The food was generally adequate in bulk, but imbalanced and monot-

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FEBRUARY CALENDAR OF EVENTS LEGAL•MEDIATION CLINIC

Separation & Divorce Discover how a mediated solution may be faster and less expensive. Mediation & Meeting Center Attorney Tuesday, February 24 5:30pm to 7:00pm• FREE Call to reserve your seat.

In partnership with the Mediation and Meeting Center of Charleston, a new non-profit organization dedicated to providing quality, accessible dispute resolution. Learn more at www.mediationcharleston.org

BROWN BAG LUNCH SERIES Sponsored by Merrill Lynch, Belk and the Little Black Book for every busy woman

He’s Just Not That Into You Based on the popular book and movie, understanding men & our relationships with them. Susan Parsons, M.Ed., LPC, CRS Thursday, February 26 at Noon • FREE

Call to reserve your seat.

Do you need help with your resume or getting a job search underway? One-on-one Job Counseling sessions are available on Wednesday afternoons. Call for an appointment. $10.00 per session.

YOU CAN DO IT! SERIES Sponsored by Legacy Wealth Management

Getting a Great Job Looking for a job in these uncertain times? Learn to position yourself in a hard job market. Stephanie Wilson Saturday, February 28 10:00am to Noon Registration required: $20 CFW members; $40 non-members

To register for an event, call (843) 763 or visit www.c4women.org.

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Center for Women 129 Cannon Street (between Ashley Ave & President St.) Parking is free nights and weekends at 30 Bee Street.

The Chronicle

February 11, 2009-7

Around 1739 or 1740 in South Carolina, Black slaves outnumbered White plantation owners. Runaway slaves headed for Florida, the Spanish military ruled Florida, the Spanish hated the English colonists, and offered the runaway slaves their freedom. Hundreds of Negro slaves escaped into Spanish Florida. The escaped Negros joined the Indians and Spanish in raiding and robbing the white plantation owners in South Carolina, they freed the slave victims and killed the cruel and brutal white slave owners and escaped back to Spanish Florida and FREEDOM.

You can Tell the Election Is Tuesday.......... You’re Starting to Hear From Your State Senator Again Jim French Says... W il li am D u d le y G r e g o r i e A S t ro n g V o i c e A C l e ar C h o i ce

Ever notice that you seldom hear about what goes on in Charleston -except during an election or run-off election that will decide who will serve in Charleston City Council. That’s when your state senator makes his once-ever reappearance to tell you that his support for a certain candidate will further the goals of Blacks and give our mayor another vote to keep supressing the minority community. He usually cites a list of things he claims to have done for you as a state senator, but he refuses to say the candidate he is pushing, will just be another “yes” vote for the present administration that has blotted out any real concern for us. After the run-off election February 17, and if you vote for the senator’s candidate, you’re back in the dark again. Somehow, your state senator is nowhere to be seen or heard from again, unless he’s promoting the gaming industry who writes his paycheck. Strange, no one will ever ask the question: With no professional skills and no visible employment, how can the senator be noted as the best “Welldressed Senator in the S.C. General Assembly?” Just asking. The most obvious reasons that Senator Robert Ford is endorsing Tommie Coaxum for Charleston City Council in District 6, is just another ‘safe’ vote for - the present administration who fear that William Dudley Gregorie will challenge and not remain silent in opposition to those who support the status quo. If this sounds like better representation, vote Feb. 17 for William Dudley Gregorie.

Paid for by the Committee to Elect William Dudley Gregorie

8-February 11, 2009

The Chronicle

I believe saving the planet is impossible.

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WE ARE PROUD OF OUR NOBLE HERITAGE

The Chronicle----Lowcountry Connection

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February 11, 2009

1b

Avery Institute A Repository for Lowcountry Black Among them were Howard University biologist Ernest E. Just, Liberian Supreme Court Justice T.M. Stewart, New York YWCA Executive Secretary Cecelia H. Saunders, Los Angeles, Cali. District Attorney Hugh H. McBeth, Charleston artist Edwin Harleston, educator and civil rights advocate Septima P. Clark, Charleston contractor H.A. DeCosta, publisher John McCray, North Carolina Mutual Insurance Company President Arthur J. Clement, Charleston NAACP icon J. Arthur Brown, S.C. Rep. Lucille Whipper, educator Amanda G. Lee and Jenkins Orphanage Executive Director Johanna MartinCarrington.

By Barney Blakeney Avery Institute is a jewel of Charleston Black history. Established in 1865 as the city’s first accredited secondary school for African Americans, for nearly 100 years Avery Institute prepared leaders who excelled as educators, business people and community activists. Today Avery continues its history as a reservoir for Lowcountry Black History as the Avery Research Center for African American History and Culture. After the Civil War, the New York-based American Missionary Association found-

ed what became Avery Normal Institute and named the school in honor of New York abolitionist Lewis Tappan. It was staffed with northern white missionaries and members of Charleston’s free Black community. Thomas Cardozo, a member of the local free Black community was Avery’s first principal. Cardozo’s brother Francis was Avery’s second principal (186668) and campaigned to construct a permanent building to house the school which previously had been located in several buildings confiscated by the federal government.

The structure located at 125 Bull St. was financed with funding from the Freedman’s Bureau and the estate of Rev. Charles Avery of Pittsburgh, Penn. for whom the school was renamed. In addition to securing a new structure Cardozo also expanded the school’s mission of primary and secondary education to include teacher training. Avery remained a private school serving Blacks until 1947. It closed in 1954 having graduated scores of students who went on to make their mark on the local and world stage.

John Brown’s raid - October 16, 1859

A native of Connecticut, John Brown struggled to support his large family and moved restlessly from state to state throughout his life, becoming a passionate opponent of slavery along the way. After assisting in the Underground Railroad out of Missouri and engaging in the bloody struggle between pro– and anti–slavery forces in Kansas in the 1850s, Brown grew anxious to strike a more extreme blow for the cause. On the night of October 16, 1859, he led a small band of less than 50 men in a raid against the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. Their aim was to capture enough ammunition to lead a large operation against Virginia’s slaveholders. Brown’s men, including several blacks, captured and held the arsenal until federal and state governments sent troops and were able to overpower them. John Brown was hanged on December 2, 1859; his trial riveted the nation, and he emerged as an eloquent voice against the injustice of slavery and a martyr to the abolitionist cause. Just as Brown’s courage turned thousands of previously indifferent northerners against slavery, his violent actions convinced slave owners in the South beyond doubt that abolitionists would go to any lengths to destroy the — peculiar institution.” Rumors spread of other planned insurrections, and the South reverted to a semi–war status. Only the election of the anti–slavery Republican Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860 remained before the southern states would begin severing ties with the Union, sparking the bloodiest conflict in American history.

In 1978 the Avery Institute of African American History and Culture was established to save and renovate the building at 125 Bull St. as a repository for African American history and culture. In 1985 members of the institute cooperated with the College of

Charleston to found the Avery Research Center for African American History and Culture. As the only research center of its kind in the Southeastern United States the center collects, preserves and makes available to the public the unique history and cultural heritage of African Americans in Charleston and the Lowcountry. Georgette Mayo, the center’s interim director said Avery serves a unique function in that an estimate 40 percent of slaves coming to the United States came through the ports of Charleston. Researchers from around the world regularly use the center’s resources, yet surprisingly, many in the local community, “Don’t know what’s in our own backyard,” she said. In addition to its invaluable wealth of manuscripts, documents, pictures and illustrations the center also makes available to the public its museum galleries and archives reading room. Its microfiche

and microfilm collections include the Booker T. Washington speeches (19121915), Black abolitionists papers, W.E.B. DuBois papers, Freedmen’s Bureau records and records of antebellum Southern plantations. Through its Saturday for Youth Program begun in January the center hopes to give young people something they can take and run with into the future, Mayo said. One Saturday each month the center will focus its programming toward a youthful audience. During February the center will feature a poetry reading by renowned poet Nikki Giovanni Feb. 19 in the Stern Student Center at the College of Charleston and the Feb. 21 opening of “Mermaids and Merwomen of Black Folklore” exhibit to run through Feb. 28. Avery will continue creating history through groundbreaking activities that foster the education of young people as it moves into the future, said Mayo.

HAPPY VALENTINE’S DAY

The Chronicle

2b-February 11, 2009

CHURCH - SOCIAL WALLINGFORD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Invites You To COME, SHARE and FELLOWSHIP with The Seniors Activities Bible Study, Physical Fitness, Arts & Craft Projects, Health Education, Enrichment Programs, Speakers, Community Resources, Trips, Recreation, Nutritional Lunch and lots more fun . . .When: Every Thursday, Where: 705 King Street, Time: 11:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m. Cost: NO CHARGE~~FREE, (843) 723-9929 FRIENDSHIP MISSIONARY BAPTIST CHURCH-

LIFE CHANGING MINISTRIES- "Come join us...and watch your life change" 1852 Wallace School Rd. Chas., SC 29407 (Road that runs directly behind the Marshalls/T.J. Maxx shopping center) Sunday service10:00 a.m. Bible study-Wednesdays @7:00 p.m. Glenn Scott, Pastor THE HOLY ROCK MISSIONARY BAPTIST CHURCH will be hosting their annual Black History Tea and program on Sunday, February 22, 2009 at 4:00p.m. During these services the church will honor several African Americans who have contributed greatly in the areas of Civil Rights, Equal Rights, Education, and Justice. Our Honorees for this year are as follows: South Carolina State Senate, Robert Ford Former City of Charleston SC Police Chief, Chief Rueben Greenberg Retired Educator from Trident Technical College, Mrs. Vertell M. Middleton The speaker for this occasion is Mrs. Gloria G. Lambright, Dean of Charleston County Baptist Association Sunday School BTU Congress of Christian Education. The public is cordially invited.

Sunday School - 10:00 AMSunday Service -11:00 AM Thursday Night Bible Study and Prayer Service- 6:00 PMThe church is located at 75 America Street, Charleston, South Carolina We are the church where Christians are at work! The Honorable L.B. Fyall- Publicity Committee Reverend Leroy Fyall – Pastor

Yours in Christ, Rev. Charles A. Green, Pastor

Week of 02/11/09 thru 02/17/09

Don’t forget the gift card! Subject to availability. See gift cards for details, terms, conditions and (if applicable) fees. All trademarks are property of their respective owners.

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Sarah Mae Flemming, Sarah Mae Flemming, the forerunner of Rosa Parks, for many years remained an unsung hero in the annals of civil rights. It was a little-publicized civil-rights case involving public transportation in Columbia that helped Rosa Parks and her lawyers prevail in a lawsuit challenging segregation on buses in M o n t g o m e r y , Alabama…this case became the Flemming legacy. Flemming was born on June 28th, 1933, in the midst of the Great Depression, the eldest of Mack and Rosetta Flemming’s seven children. The granddaughter of slaves, Flemming grew up on her family’s own land - 130 acres, five miles north of what is now downtown Eastover. She would eventually die of a heart attack on that same land, just shy of her 60th birthday. Flemming slipped into history the morning of June 22, 1954 when she, a black maid, took a front seat on the then segregated city bus operated by South Carolina Electric and Gas (SCE&G). The line dividing the races on South Carolina buses served as one of the most visible daily reminders of segregation. Enforced by bus drivers vested with the

Marie Callender's or Healthy Choice Entrees

WASHINGTON,PRNew swire-USNewswire/ -- The Campaign for High School Equity (CHSE), a national coalition of civil rights organizations focused on high school reform, is looking to Congress during Black History Month to take the action necessary to close the achievement gap for African American students.

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powers of a deputy sheriff, the line was inscribed into a body of state laws that had for three generations separated blacks and whites. On Columbia buses, the color line shifted, depending on whether more black or white people were riding. One thing remained firmwhites never sat behind blacks. On that historic morning Flemming took a seat in what she deemed an appropriate area. After taking her seat, a white Columbia bus driver humiliated the 20 year old black woman from Eastover, blocking her with his arm and accusing her of sitting in the “whites-only” part of the bus. This incident, occurring 17 months before Rosa Parks took her stand against segregation on city buses in Montgomery, AlabamaFlemming challenged segregation on SCE&G buses in Columbia. Encouraged by several well-known civil rights activists and attorneys, she filed suit against SCE&G. Rebuffed in federal court in Columbia, Flemming’s case traveled to the 4th US Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond, which struck down segregation on city buses. The ruling was widely ignored, but is cited in the decision on the far-better publicized Rosa Parks case - which led to the end of segregated buses. In 1955, Flemming’s win in court was big news in black newspapers across the country. The bigger news is that this young woman, in the face of southern Jim Crow politics took a step that forever changed the face of civil rights in the South.

During Black History Month, Civil Rights Coalition Calls for Change in America's High Schools

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REV. CHARLES GREEN

HOLY ROCK MISSIONARY BAPTIST CHURCH SUNDAY SCHOOL - 9:45 AM SUNDAY SERVICE - 11:00 AM WED. NITE PRAYER - 7:00 PM WED. NITE BIBLE STUDY - 7:00 PM

2111 RONDO ST. CHARLESTON, SC 29414 (843) 763-1005 “WE ARE THE CHURCH THAT SITS BESIDE THE ROAD WHERE EVERYBODY IS SOMEBODY & GOD

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, only 53 percent of black students graduate from high school each school year compared with an average of more than 70 percent of all students nationwide. Among the challenges to black student achievement, two out of every five black students attend drop-out factories -high schools where no more than 60 percent of the entering freshman class makes it to their senior year three years later. "As a community, African Americans cannot stand by ignoring the devastating impact of ineffective education policies that cause too many of our high schools to fail in providing high-quality education to our country's future workforce and our next generation of business and political leaders," said Michael Wotorson, executive director of CHSE. "We need to hold our new president and Congress responsible for ensuring that all students are prepared for college and the 21st century workplace by enacting policies that hold schools accountable for student success." The achievement gap is most prevalent among black male students. In 2007, only 47 percent of black males graduated from high school, compared to 75 percent of white males, and research shows that these men are more likely than their white peers to live in poverty, experience poor health and be incarcerated later in life.

CELEBRATE BLACK HISTORY EVERYDAY

4b-February 11, 2009

The Chronicle

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Classifieds

AUCTIONS/SHOWS NEED BIDDERS? Advertise your auction in 107 S.C. newspapers for only $375. Your 25-word classified ad will reach more than 2.9 million readers. Call Jimmie Haynes at the S.C. Newspaper Network at 1-888-7277377. APARTMENT /UNFURNISHED A HUD Home 5 bd. 2 ba! Only $200/mo. Or $21,470! 5% dn, 15 yrs @ 8.5%. This Home Won’t Last! For Listings 800-391-5228 ext. s154. AUTO DONATIONS Donate Your Vehicle, receive $1000 grocery coupon. United Breast Cancer Foundation. Free Mammograms, breast cancer info www.ubcf.info. Free towing, tax deductible, nonrunners accepted, 1-888468-5964. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY 100% RECESSION Proof! Do you earn $800 in a day? Your own local candy route. Includes 25 Machines and Candy. All for $9,995. 1888-771-3501. S.S. REG#664 COMPUTERS GET A NEW COMPUTER!!! Brand name laptops & desktops. Bad or NO creditNo Problem. Smallest weekly payments avail. Call NOW - 1-800-805-1525. EMPLOYMENT SERVICES

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PUBLIC HEARING

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The public is hereby advised that the City Council of Charleston will hold a public hearing Tuesday, February 24, 2009, beginning at 5:00 p.m. at City Hall, 80 Broad Street, on the request that the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Charleston be changed in the following respects: REZONINGS 1. To rezone the corner of Fort Johnson Rd, Harbor View Rd & Sterling Drive (James Island) (0.35 acre.) (TMS# 454-07-00-005 from Single Family Residential (SR-1) classification to Commercial Transitional (CT) classification. The Planning Commission recommend disapproval. Requires ? vote of City Council for approval. 2. To rezone 1000 Fort Johnson Rd & Dills Bluff Rd (James Island Charter High School James Island) (12.918 acres) (A portion of TMS# 428-00-00-011) to include the property in the School Overlay (S) classification. ZONING To zone the following property annexed into the City of Charleston January 13, 2009: 1. 20 Rosedale Drive (Avondale - West Ashley) (0.19 acre) (TMS# 418-14-00-176) Single-Family Residential (SR-1).

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Notice is hereby given that Charleston County Council will hold three public hearing on: Tuesday, March 3, 2009 at 6:45 o_clock p.m., in Council Chambers, second floor of the Lonnie Hamilton, III Public Services Building, 4045 Bridge View Drive, North Charleston, S.C. The first two public hearings will be on the granting of utility easements on portions of County Owned Property: The first being located at 3841 Leeds Avenue identified by parcel identification number 412-00-00-011 and the second being located at 3715 Leeds Avenue identified by parcel identification Number 412-00-00067, The third public hearing will be on a proposed Ordinance, extending the period of time that a boat not used exclusively in Interstate Commerce can be in Charleston County from 60 days consecutively or 90 days in the aggregate to 180 days in the aggregate during a property tax year Public comments, written and oral, are invited. Beverly T. Craven Clerk of Council Invitation to Bid Exterior Painting and Wood Repair at Meeting Street Manor The Housing Authority of the City of Charleston will receive sealed bids on A General Contract for the Exterior Painting and Wood Repair at Meeting Street Manor until 2:00 p.m. local time on March 10, 2009 at 550 Meeting Street, Room 114, Charleston, South Carolina. Bids will be publicly opened. Copies of the bidding documents may be obtained after 2:00 p.m. on Tuesday, February 10, 2009 at the CHA Capital Fund Office, 545 Meeting Street, Charleston, SC 29403. Contact Ed Donnelly at (843) 720-3983. A voluntary pre-bid conference will be held at 545 Meeting Street on Tuesday, February 24, 2009 at 10:00 a.m. This Federally funded contract will obligate the contractor and subcontractors not to discriminate in employment practices and comply with the Davis Bacon-Act and Section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968. CHA reserves the right to wave irregularities and to reject any and all bids. Donald J. Cameron, President & CEO.

ESTATES’ CREDITOR’S NOTICES All persons having claims against the following estates are required to deliver or mail their claims to the Personal Representative indicated below and also file subject claims on Form #371PC with Irv Condon, Probate Judge of Charleston County, 84 Broad St., 3rd Floor, Charleston, SC 29401, before the expiration of 8 months after the date of the first publication of this Notice to Creditors, or else thereafter such claims shall be and are forever barred. Estate of:

LAND FOR SALE STEAL MY LAND! Owner must sell, one wooded acre w/river access. Community pool, walking trails and gorgeous river! NO time limit to build. First $29,900 takes it. Call now 877-289-2045

NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARINGS

1. To amend Chapter 54 of the Code of the City of Charleston (Zoning Ordinance) to revise regulations for electronic message board signs. 2. To amend Sections 54-299.1(d), 54-299.1(f), 54-299(b), 54-299(c) 54-299(d) and establish 54299.1(g) of the Code Of The City Of Charleston (Zoning Ordinance). 3. To amend Chapter 54 of the Code of the City of Charleston (Zoning Ordinance) by amending Section 54-213 Sidewalk Café Regulations and the exhibit attached to Ordinance 2004-102 to revise the regulations, eliminate the requirement for a damage deposit fee and make the annual user fee optional at the discretion of City Council. VANESSA TURNER-MAYBANK Clerk of Council In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, people who need alternative formats, ASL interpretation, or other accommodation please contact Denise Griffith at (843) 724-3730 or mail to [email protected] three days prior to the meeting.

FRANK HOLMES 2008-ES-10-1205 DOD: 02/25/99 Pers. Rep: BERNETHA ODOM 2219 FILLMORE ST., NO. CHARLESTON, SC 29405 Atty: THAD J. DOUGHTY, ESQ. 2175-G ASHLEY PHOSPHATE RD., NO. CHARLESTON, SC 29406 ************************************************************************** Estate of: WILLIAM WEATHERS 2009-ES-10-0084 DOD: 11/30/08 Pers. Rep: ROBERTA C. WEATHERS 6 MOOREMONT AVE., GREENVILLE, SC 29605 Pers. Rep: LOUIS N. WEATHERS 7613 IRELAND AVE., CHARLESTON, SC 29420 Atty: JONATHAN ALTMAN, ESQ. PO BOX 600, CHARLESTON, SC 29402 ************************************************************************** Estate of: NEOMIE ANTHONY 2009-ES-10-0132 DOD: 04/01/08 Pers. Rep: NANCY PIERCE 1310 VARDEL ST., CHARLESTON, SC 29412 ************************************************************************** Estate of: LOTTIE H. JENKINS 2009-ES-10-0143 DOD: 09/23/08 Pers. Rep: SANDRA R. HOLMES 8184 WINDSOR HILL BLVD., 300G, NO. CHARLESTON, SC 29420 ************************************************************************** Estate of: EDITH FULTON BARR 2009-ES-10-0168 DOD: 01/19/09 Pers. Rep: CHARLES E. BARR 9532 LAWNSBERY TERRACE, SILVER SPRING, MD 20901 **************************************************************************

COMMERCIAL CORRIDOR DESIGN REVIEW BOARD CITY OF CHARLESTON A meeting of the Commercial Corridor Design Review Board will be held Thursday, February 12, 2009, at 5 p.m. in the Meeting Room, Third Floor at 75 Calhoun Street (Charleston County School District Building). The following application will be considered: 1. Riverlanding Drive – TMS# 275-00-00-114 Request preliminary approval for new construction of a marina as per documentation submitted. Owner: Daniel Island Company Applicant: Stubbs Muldrow Herin Architects Neighborhood: Daniel Island Town Center Files containing information pertinent to the above application are available for public review at the Architectural/Preservation Office, 75 Calhoun Street, (Charleston County School District Building), Third Floor, during regular working hours, 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., daily except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays.

NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING MODIFICATION OF EXISTING TRAFFIC ON OPERATIONS SPRING STREET AND CANNON STREET. The public is hereby advised that the City Council of Charleston will hold a public hearing Tuesday, February 17, 2009 beginning at 4:00 p.m. in Council Chamber at City Hall, 80 Broad Street, to receive public comment on the possible conversion of Spring Street and Cannon Street from one-way traffic operation to a two-way traffic operation. VANESSA MAYBANK

TURNER-

Clerk of Council In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, people who need alternative formats, ASL interpretation, or other accommodation please contact Denise Griffith at (843) 724-3730 or mail to [email protected]. us three days prior to the meeting.

CM0902C INVITATION FOR CONSTRUCTION BIDS The City of Charleston Department of Parks is soliciting bids from interested marine contractors for CM0902C: Charleston Maritie Center – Annual Dock M a i n t e n a n c e Contract. The budget range is $20,000 to $40,000. •Bid Documents will be available on or after February 17, from the Department of Parks office at 823 Meeting Street. There is no plan deposit. •A mandatory pre-bid meeting will be held on site at 2:00 PM on February 19, at 10 Wharfside Street. •Bids will be due on March 3, 2009, at 2:00 P M . Interested parties please contact Bill Turner, Project Manager,at 843-7203 9 1 0 , [email protected]. sc.us.

The Chronicle

February 11 2009- 5b

Package for the MUSC Center for Advanced Medicine will be received from qualified bidders, properly licensed under the properly licensed under the Package for the MUSC Center for Advanced Medicine will be received from qualified bidders, properly licensed under the properly licensed under the Package for the MUSC Center for Advanced Medicine will be received from qualified bidders, properly licensed under the will be received from qualified bidders will be received from qualified b--__idders,properly licensed under will be received from qualified licensed under the wil will be received from qualified bidders Package for the MUSC Center for Advanced Medicine will be received from qualified bidders, properly licensed under the Package for the MUSC Center for Advanced Medicine will be received from qualified bidders, properly licensed under the will be received from qualified bidders, properly licensed under- from qualified bidders, will be received from Advanced Medicine licensed under the properly under the will be be received from qualified bidders,properly licensed under will be received from qualified licensed under the wil will be received from eceived from qualified bidders, dvanced Medicine will be received from qualified bidders, properly licensed under the properly licensed under the Package for the MUSC Center for Advanced Medicine will be received from qualified bidders, properly licensed under the properly licensed under the Package for the MUSC Center for Advanced Medicine will be received from qualified bidders, properly licensed under the will be received from qualified bidders will qualified biddersackage for licensed

Classifieds

RESIDENTS OF CITY OF CHARLESTON PLEASE TAKE NOTICE OF THIS REMINDER Presidents’ Day (Monday, February 16, 2009) will be observed as a city holiday. In order to provide service to everyone in a timely manner, garbage and trash collections will be as follows: RESIDENTIAL GARBAGE & TRASH COLLECTIONS Monday routes will be collected on Tuesday Tuesday routes will be collected on Wednesday Wednesday routes will be collected on Thursday Thursday routes will be collected on Friday Daniel Island and Cainhoy No changes in the regular schedules Please place your garbage and trash curbside by 7:00 AM the morning of your pickup day. City of Charleston Department of Public Service

Invitation to Bid Reroofing at Meeting Street Manor Job# 3090301 The Housing Authority of the City of Charleston will receive sealed bids on a General Contract for Reroofing at Meeting Street Manor until 2:00 p.m. local time, on March 3, 2009 at 550 Meeting Street, Room 114, Charleston, South Carolina. Bids will be publicly opened. Copies of the Bidding documents may be obtained after 2:00 p.m. on Wednesday, February 4, 2009 at the CHA Capital Funds Office, 545 Meeting Street. Charleston, SC 29403. Contact Ed Donnelly at (843) 720-3983. A voluntary pre-bid conference will be held at 545 Meeting Street on Tuesday, February 17, 2009 at 10:00 a.m. The Housing Authority encourages minority owned business to participate in its on-going purchasing of goods and services. CHA reserves the right to waive irregularities and to reject any and all bids. Donald J. Cameron- President and Chief Executive Officer

Etta’s Pique at Obama Comes With theTurf By Earl Ofari Hutchinson Soul singing icon Etta James has never been one to bite her tongue over a real or perceived insult. But Etta outdid herself this go round with her name call at a part of the president’s anatomy (his ears), and then cavalierly blew him off with the he’s not my president line. The really surprising thing about what otherwise would be laughed off as nothing more than the petulant loose lipped pique of an icon actually got some news legs. This has less to do with her insulting jibe at Obama then that a noted AfricanAmerican, a legend if you will, would have the temerity to take a shot at Obama. Two weeks ago that would have been unthinkable. James of all people should if anything fall down on her knees and shout Hallelujah to Obama. The slow dance he and Michelle did to Etta’s enshrined standard “at last” brought a warm glow to millions and much praise and adulation, and probably more jingles to cash registers for the CDs of the song. That fattened James’s reputation and bank account. And there is no record that James objected to pop

megastar Beyonce serenading Obama with her standard. In fact the report is that she applauded the song and the president and the first lady’s dance duet to it at the Neighborhood Inaugural Ball on January 20. But that was two weeks ago. In that time Obama has suffered through the embarrassment of three tax cheating nominees, the prolonged legislative arm wrestle with Republicans to get his stimulus package through, and some low intensity carping and picking at his decision to keep Bush’s Faith based initiative intact complete with the odious provision that essentially permit church groups that receive federal cash to discriminate against any and everyone but their own in hiring. The slight dull on Obama’s glow was topped by a double digit drop in his popularity rating. This was inevitable. The honeymoon for all presidents, even historic presidents, doesn’t last. The reality of governance and the hard knocks that come with it come with the White House turf. The sad thing about that is that some of the knocks and the ones who do the knocking can get personal, even

Slums Come Down in Yaounde, Leaving Thousands Homeless Special to the NNPA from GIN

CP0515C City of Charleston Invitation for Construction Bids PROJECT: CP0515C: NEW GYMNASIUM AT HARMON FIELD DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: New 24,000 SF City of Charleston multi-use recreation facility located at Harmon Field on peninsular Charleston, adjacent to the existing Herbert Hasell Aquatic Center on Fishburne Street. The facility is of concrete block / brick veneer construction on piles, with steel bar joist roof framing. It will be LEED certified. This project may be funded in part with Federal funds, and will therefore be subject to the requirements of Federal Acquisition Regulations. CONSTRUCTION COST RANGE: $9,000,000

$5,000,000 to

BID SECURITY, PERFORMANCE AND PAYMENT BOND ARE REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS OF BIDDERS: Bidders must be general contractors registered in the state of South Carolina, with a minimum of five years in business and five successful projects of this construction type and magnitude. Prior to award of the contract, the low bidder will be required to complete a qualification questionnaire indicating experience of firm and personnel, financial and trade references, and a list of similar projects. The City of Charleston retains the right to reject any or all bids and to waive any informalities in bidding. AWARD OF CONTRACT: Award of contract will be to the lowest qualified bidder, contingent upon available funding. A/E: Thomas and Denzinger Architects; 73 1/2 State Street; Charleston, SC 29401 A/E CONTACT: Michelle Smyth PHONE: 843-577-5373 FAX: 843- 577-9503 E-MAIL: [email protected] PLANS ON FILE AT: AGC: 2430 Mall Drive, Suite 165, North Charleston SC 29418 Dodge: 1180 Sam Rittenburg, Suite 350, Charleston SC 29407 Other: Department of Parks, 823 Meeting Street, Charleston SC 29403 BID DOCUMENTS will be available on or after February 16 for view and order on Planwell Public Plan Room hosted by A & E Digital Printing (anedigital.com); 517 King Street; Charleston, SC 20403; 843-853-5066. Refundable plan deposit is $350 (for general contractors only); place orders in advance. PRE-BID CONFERENCE (MANDATORY): February 26, 2009. 2:00 PM. LOCATION: City of Charleston Department of Parks, 823 Meeting Street, Charleston, SC. 2nd Floor Conference Room BID OPENING:

March 19, 2009. 2:00 PM.

BID DELIVERY ADDRESS: City of Charleston Department of Parks, 823 Meeting Street, Charleston, SC 29403 PROJECT MANAGER: Bill Turner PHONE: 843-720-3910 FAX: 843-724-7300 EMAIL: [email protected]

(GIN) - More than 7,000 people have been left homeless in Cameroon’s capital, Yaounde, since city officials began tearing down slums to make space for development projects, reports the Voice of America. At least three shantytowns have been pulled down this year in what city officials are calling a cleanup operation. The former slums most likely will be sold to private developers. Many of the city’s poorest residents have lived in the slums for years. Humanitarian groups now consider them refugees and are providing aid – among them, the U.N. refugee agency and the Cameroon Red Cross. One inhabitant, John, said he had a land title but his house was demolished without any compensation. ''We are not refusing that they are beautifying the town but they should realise that we are Cameroonians,'' he said. The demolition included houses, shops and other businesses. Meanwhile, at a recent meeting of the National Episcopal Conference, Cameroonian bishops described the country as a hell of insecurity. In a press release, the bishops condemned corruption, tribalism, unemployment and spiritual barrenness. Pope Benedict XVI is planning a visit to the country from March 17 to 20.

R&B Singer Beyonce starred as Etta James in the film “Cadillac Records” this past year. ugly. James could have just as easily chided Obama for not inviting her to sing her trademark song, at the inauguration festivities, without the personal dig and then the blow off. But that wouldn’t have made headlines, got the tongues wagging, and surprisingly gotten more than a few heads nodded in agreement with her.

Obama wisely let it pass. A crack from a pop singer, even a legendary one, pales in importance to the titanic fight to rescue the economy, cut a deal with the Russians on its nukes, and figuring out the next move in Afghanistan. There simply will never be an at last to the verbal hits on whoever sits in the White House, no matter what the size of his or her ears.

Apollo Theater Marks 75th Year of Amateur Night’ By The Associated Press NEW YORK (AP) -- Harlem's Apollo Theater is celebrat ing the 75th anniversary of its "Amateur Night" - a starting stage for some of the biggest stars in entertainment, including Ella Fitzgerald, Stevie Wonder and the late James Brown. The first 75 tickets to Wednesday night's show are going for $7.50, with rapper Ron Browz as the featured performer.

Gaddafi Takes The Reins at the Africa Union Special to the NNPA from GIN (GIN) – Libyan President Muammar Gaddafi has been named chairman of the 53-nation African Union for a one year term. Gaddafi was handed the chairman's gavel by outgoing AU leader and Tanzanian president Jakaya Kikwete, to applause from other leaders on Monday. Gaddafi has promoted the idea of a “United States of Africa” - a single currency, one Army and a single passport for Africans to move within the continent. A pan-African government was first advocated by Kwame Nkrumah, during his fight for the independence of Ghana. In his farewell speech, President Kikwete appealed to African leaders to restrain from seeking greater political power and influence for themselves, while urging them to focus on improving Africa's economic status. ESTATES’ CREDITOR’S NOTICES All persons having claims against the following estates are required to deliver or mail their claims to the Personal Representative indicated below and also file subject claims on Form #371PC with Irv Condon, Probate Judge of Charleston County, 84 Broad St., 3rd Floor, Charleston, SC 29401, before the expiration of 8 months after the date of the first publication of this Notice to Creditors, or else thereafter such claims shall be and are forever barred. Estate of:

ANDREW GATES CREAMER 2009-ES-10-0003 DOD: 11/08/08 Pers. Rep: JAMES A. GRIMSLEY, III PO BOX 2055, BEAUFORT, SC 29901-2055 ************************************************************************** Estate of: ALFRED H. WILLIAMS 2009-ES-10-0014 DOD: 05/02/07 Pers. Rep: GLORIA W. HAUGHTON 1582 WESTWOOD DR., CHARLESTON, SC 29412 ************************************************************************** Estate of: ETHEL MAE DEBERRY 2009-ES-10-0072 DOD: 09/24/07 Pers. Rep: CAROLYN B. DENT PO BOX 98, ADAMS RUN, SC 29426 Atty: ROBERT D. FOGEL, ESQ. 720 ST. ANDREWS BLVD., CHARLESTON, SC 29407

The Apollo Theater was a starting stage for many legendary entertainers such asJames Brown (shown above) The theater, built in 1914 in the heart of Harlem, was originally called Hurtig and Seamon's New Burlesque Theatre. Blacks were not allowed in the audience then. In 1934, Ralph Cooper Sr. launched a live version of his radio show, "Amateur Nite Hour" at the Apollo. Fitzgerald was among the first winners of the show, which allows young performers to test their talent, with a tough live audience booing bad acts off the stage.

6b- February 11, 2009-

The Chronicle

WE ARE PROUD OF OUR NOBLE HERITAGE

The History of African Canadian Cooking African Heritage (300-1619) Back in this era, most African men were farmers, cattle raisers and fishermen. Planting, sowing and harvesting crops were considered women's work. Cooking was one of the most important skills a young girl needed to learn. One traditional dish called fufu was made of pounded yams. Fufu was served with soup, stew, roasted meat and different sauces. During this time in history, cooking was done over open pits. Africans were very skilled in roasting, frying, stewing, boiling and steaming their foods. Their native foods were yams, okra, watermelon, cassava, groundnuts, black-eyed peas, and rice.

done by black cooks. Slaves created their own recipes and made the best of hard times and scarce supplies. Cajun and creole cooking developed during this period. These foods included jambalaya, bread pudding, dirty rice, gumbo and red beans and rice. Cooking was done on a great big old fireplace with swing pots and skillets with legs.

on farms. In many areas, local Indians taught them how to hunt and cook with native plants. Indian cooking techniques were later introduced into the southern society by black American cooks. Dishes such as corn pudding, succotash, pumpkin pie, Brunswick Stew and hominy grits are a few examples of Native

Indentured Servants and Slavery - 1619 In August, 1619, the first group of Africans landed in America at Jamestown, Virginia. These Africans were indentured servants. They gave up four to seven years of labour just to pay for transportation to America. Southern plantations consisted of Africans from many different tribal nations. These Africans made up the slave population in southern America. Verbal exchanges of recipes on these Southern plantations led to the development of an international African cooking style in America. The slaves enjoyed cooking pork, yams, sweet potatoes, hominy, corn, ashcakes, cabbage, hoecakes, collards and cowpeas. On these plantations, cooking was done on an open fireplace with large swing black pots and big skillets.

Post Reconstruction Westward Movement 1865 At the end of the Civil War, black Americans began to move westward. They migrated to Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. Black Americans became cowboys and cooks on the cattle drives. Many black Americans were also pioneers and as farmers they survived off the land. They adapted their cooking habits and formed new ones when necessary. It was a great challenge to create good food with primitive tools and very limited ingredients. They cooked such foods as: biscuits, stew, baked beans and barbecued meat.

America, slaves were cooks, servants and gardeners. They worked in the colonial kitchens and on the plantations as field hands. At the Big House, slaves cooked such foods as greens, succotash, corn pudding, spoon bread, corn pone and crab cakes. These foods were cooked on an open pit or fireplace. On the plantation, breakfast was an important and

and gravy and southern fried chicken. Cooking was done on wood burning and gas stoves. Civil Rights Movement 1965 - Present In the early 60's and 70's, soul food, the traditional food of black Americans, was very popular. Soul foods were candied yams, okra, fried chicken, pigs feet, chitlin's, cornbread, collard greens with ham hocks and black-eyed peas. Today soul food preparation has changed. Black Americans are becoming

The Great Migration 19001945

American dishes found in African Canadian cooking. American Revolution 1776 Between 1773 and 1785 thousands of Africans were brought to America. They were brought ashore in Virgina, Georgia, and the Carolinas (Sea Island). In

African Canadian cooking techniques and recipes were also influenced by Native American Indians all across the United States. When Africans were first brought to America in 1619, they lived

During this period, a large number of black Americans worked as cooks in private homes, shops, restaurants, schools, hotels and colleges. Many moved to such large cities as Chicago, New York, Ohio, Detroit and Pennsylvania to work. Black cooks, chefs and waiters also worked in pullman cars of the old railroads and on the steamboats. Many black Americans also started small businesses such as fish markets, barbecue and soul food restaurants throughout the United States. These establishments specialized in fried fish, homemade rolls, potato salad, turkey and dressing, fried pork chops, rice

an early meal. Hoecakes and molasses were eaten as the slaves worked from sunup to sundown. Reconstruction - 1865 Both the northern and the southern armies hired black Americans as cooks. Most of the cooking throughout the South was

increasingly health conscious, thus, they are avoiding foods with high levels of fat and cholesterol, and increasing their intake of fruit, vegetables scious, thus, they are avoiding foods with high levels of fat and cholesterol, and increasing their intake of fruit, vegetables and fiber. Black Americans are still in the kitchen cooking, but now they are owners and managers of restaurants. Today cooking is done on electric, gas microwave stoves, and a variety of grills.

Dred Scott case March 6, 1857 On March 6, 1857, the U.S Supreme Court handed down its decision in Scott v. Sanford, (Dred Scott, famously known slave for attempting to sue for his freedom) delivering a resounding victory to

Dred Scott

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During the 1830s, the owner of a slave named Dred Scott had taken him from the slave state of Missouri to the Wisconsin territory and Illinois, where slavery was outlawed, according to the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820.

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Upon his return to Missouri, Scott sued for his freedom on the basis that his temporary removal to free soil had made him legally free. The case went to the Supreme Court, where Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the majority eventually ruled that Scott was a slave and not a citizen, and thus had no legal rights to sue. According to the Court, Congress had no constitutional power to deprive persons of their property rights when dealing with slaves in the territories. The verdict effectively declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, ruling that all territories were open to slavery and could exclude it only when they became states. While much of the South rejoiced, seeing the verdict as a clear victory for the slave system, antislavery northerners were furious. One of the most prominent abolitionists, Frederick Douglass, was cautiously optimistic, however, wisely predicting that —This very attempt to blot out forever the hopes of an enslaved people may be one necessary link in the chain of events preparatory to the complete overthrow of the whole slave system.” For related articles or additional information on black history, visit www.blackhistory.com or www.blackfacts.com.