Chemparathy Family Tree

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w an\n tPm¨ sN≈q∏dºn¬ {]oXn AKÃn≥ aTIpt∂¬

4. Btcm-Ky-c-£m-\n[n `c-W-k-anXn IpSpw-_-tbmKw A≤y-£≥ IpSpw-_-tbmKw Imcy-Z¿in tXmakv AK-Ãn≥ ]Xn-\m-dn¬ 5. IpSpw-_-t£-a-]-≤Xn `c-W-k-anXn IpSpw-_-tbmKw A≤y-£≥ IpSpw-_-tbmKw Imcy-Z¿in PnΩn sP. ]Xn-\m-dn¬ t__n-®≥ ]pXn-bn-S-Øp-Ip-t∂¬

\memw `mKw

hwimhen ktlmZc¿ GIa\€mbn Hcpan®v hkn°p∂Xv F{X hninjvShpw kt¥mj{]ZhpamWv. (k¶o. 131:1)

204

205

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

1

sNºcØnbnse ]gb H‰\ne hoSv

apJhpc

206

HºXmw \q‰m≠nse sXmSp]pgbnte°p≈ BKa\w apX¬ 18-mw \q‰m≠nse am¿ØmWvUh¿ΩbpsS B{IaWw hscbp≈ ImeL´Øn¬ Pohn®ncp∂ IpSpw_mwKßsf∏‰n IrXyamb sXfnthm hniZamb hnhcßtfm e`yambn´n√. XeapdIƒ ssIamdnb hmNnI]mcºcyamWv apJy Ahew_w. ]Xn\memw \q‰m≠n¬ ChnsS \n∂pw apf°pfØv FØn ]pfn°n¬ IpSpw_Øn\p Aÿnhmcan´ amØpImcWhsc∏‰n ]cma¿iw ImWp∂p≠v. ]Xn\mdmw \q‰m≠nse tUmwsat\knkv sa{Xms‚ bm{Xm°pdn∏pIfn¬ sXmSp]pgbv°SpØv apXet°mSØv (Marumbuli) Ipsd hnizmknIfpw Hcp ]≈nbpw Ds≠∂p ]dbp∂p. AtX \q‰m≠n¬ Xs∂bmWv sX≈nbn¬ IpSpw_hpw D≠mIp∂Xv. DZbwt]cq¿ kq\ltZmkn¬ Hcp sNºcØn amWn amWn IØ\mcpw \mev Aevambcpw apXet°mSØp \n∂pw ]s¶SpØncp∂Xmbn ImWp∂p≠v. sNºcØn°¬ ]Wn°sc∏‰nbpw sNºcØn amØp≈ F∂ h≥InS I¿jIs\∏‰nbpw tcJIƒ D≠v . A°meØv ]≈nbpw ]´°mcpw hnizmknIfpsS kz¥ambncp∂Xn\m¬ k`mtcJIfn¬ IqSpX¬ hnhc߃ ImWp∂n√. GXmbmepw am¿ØmWvUh¿ΩbpsS A{Iahpw ]I¿®tcmKßfpsS IpcpXnbpw aqew GXm≠v A\yw \n∂pt]mb IpSpw_Øn¬ Ahtijn® GI hy‡nbpsS a°fpsS Ncn{Xw am{XamWv Ipsdsb¶nepw hniZambn Ahtijn®n´p≈Xv. AXn¬Øs∂ XeapdIfpsS hnShv D≠v. ktlmZcoktlmZc∑mcpsS FÆtam AhcpsS hnhmlhnhcßtfm IrXyambn e`yambn´n√. sNdp∏Ønse acWaS™hcpw \mSphn´pt]mbhcpw thsdbpw hcpw. AXn\m¬ C∂v ChnsS ImWs∏Sp∂ imJIfpsS ]nXm°∑mcn¬ 207

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

FØnt®cp∂ XeapdIfpsS A]q¿Æamb ]´nIbmWv Xmsg tN¿°p∂Xv. XpS¿∂v Xmtgbv°v {Ia-{]-Im-c-ap≈ hwimhen Hmtcm imJtbmSpsam∏w tN¿Øn´p≈Xv {i≤n°pat√m. AXn¬ tdma≥ A°Øn¬ Xeapdbpw IqsS {Ia\ºcpw sImSpØncn°p∂p.

1. ]m∏-®≥, 2. Ip™m∏v, 3. Ip™-∏≥, 4. Nmt°m-®≥, 5. BKkvXn

I aØmbn (sNº-c-Øn)

V2 adnbw (-]-≈n-°p-t∂¬ BKkvXn)

II1 h¿°n

II2aØmbn

(sNº-c-Øn)

(sN≈q-∏-d-ºn¬)

II3 adnbw

V1 t{Xky (A-c-bIp-t∂¬ aØmbn)

6. eq°, 7. tPm¿÷v, 8. adn-bw, 9. t{Xky, 10. A∂

1. t{Xky Imcy-ma-Tw, 2. ]m∏≥, 3. aØ≥, 4. ^m.-F-Ωm-\p-th¬, 5. A∂-°p´n tXmb-en¬

(]m-td-Ωm-°¬)

aØm-bn-bpsS aqØ aI≥ Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-kn-®-t∏mƒ Cf-b-]p-{X\m-Is´ hS°pw-]m-SØ - ns‚ Ic-bnse sN≈q-hm≥ ]d-ºn-te°v Xmakw am‰n. CSn-In-´n-∏m-d-bpsS Xmgvhmcw ]pcm-X-\-Im-eØv sN√vhm≥ F∂ {Zmhn-U-h¿§-Øns‚ {Kma-am-bncp∂p. Ah-cpsS Bcm-[-\m-aq¿Øn-bmbn-cp∂ apØ-∏s\ {]Xn-jvTn-®n-cp∂ ]md ‘apØ≥]md’ F∂ t]cn¬ C∂pw A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. C-t∏mƒ ISphm A≈v F∂v hnfn-°p∂ ]mdbnse Kpl Ah-cpsS ih-w- adhv sNbvXncp∂ ÿew Bbn-cp-∂n-cn°mw. hS-t°-°sc ]pcm-X\ Kplbpw aqSn-°√pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Is≠gp-Øns\ XpS¿∂m-IWw sN√vh - m≥ ]dºv ‘sN≈q-∏d- ºv’ F∂-dn-bs - ∏´p XpS-ßn-bXv. ]membnse {]ikvXamb I´°bØn¬ IpSpw_Øn¬ \n∂mWv aØmbn hnhmlw Ign®ncp∂Xv. Xs‚ GI aIƒ adn-bsØ IS-\m´nse ]pcm-X-\-amb ]mtd-Ωm-°¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ At±lw hnhmlw sNbvXv Ab®p. `¿Ømhv h¿°n ]mtd-Ωm-°¬ tKmh¿Æ-tZm-cpsS ktlm-Z-c-s‚ sIm-®p-a-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

III2 aØmbn (sNºcØn) IV1 Gen

IV2 aØmbn

IV2 aØmbn (In-g-t°-Sw) V1 Gen (ap-≠-bv°¬)

V2 A∂ (sIm®p-]p-Ø≥]p-c-bn¬)

V3 -ss]en

V2 A∂ (aØmbn hmWn-b-In-g-t°¬) IV1 aØmbn sIm®p-]p-Ø≥]pc

IV2 ^m. FΩm-\p-th¬ sIm®p-]p-Ø≥]pc

V3 ss]en (In-g-t°-Sw) VI1 aØmbn

VI3 adnbw (Ip-∂-∏n-≈n)

VI2 sXmΩ≥

VI1 aØmbn sIm®p-]p-Ø≥]pc VII1 De-l-∂m≥ VII2 ss]en

VII3 \mev s]ß-∑m¿

III3 h¿°n (adp-I≥) II1 h¿°n (sNºcØn) III1 Hutk^v

III2 aØmbn

IV1 Ipcy≥ (tIm-{]-Øv)

IV2 h¿°n (sNº-cØn)

III3 h¿°n IV2 h¿°n (sNº-cØn)

III1 Hutk^v (tXt\m-en¬) IV aØmbn (]p-fn-ºm-d)

V1 h¿°n sNº-cØn Ggp-ap´w

V3 DXp∏v sNº-cØn (Iogn√w)

V1 t{Xky (A-cb-Ip-t∂¬ aØmbn) V2 adnbw (-]-≈n-°p-t∂¬ BKkvXn) 208

V2 amWn ssXIp-∂pw-]pdw

209

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w V1 h¿°n sNº-cØn VI1 Hutk^v (sNº-cØn)

II2 aØmbn (sN-≈q-∏d-ºn¬ Ggp-ap´w) III1 C´n-s®-dnb ]men-b-°p-t∂¬ Ggp-ap´w

III2 aØmbn Rd-f-°m´v Ip∂w

2

III 3 h¿°n sN≈q- ∏ d- º n¬ G- g p- a p- ´ w III 4 ss]en If- ∏ p- c - b n¬ s]cp- º n- ≈ n- ® nd III5 BKkvXn ]pXn-bn-S-Øp-Ip-t∂¬ AÆm-bn-°Æw III6 adnbw III7 amWn°Ø-\m¿

sNº-c-Øn- (Ggp-ap´w) III1 C´n-s®-dnb ]men-b-Ip-t∂¬ IV1 aØmbn saøm-‰n≥Ip-t∂¬

IV2 h¿°n ]men-b-°p-t∂¬

IV2 h¿°n ]menb°pt∂¬ V1 h¿°n ]menb°pt∂¬

V2 adnbw tN‰q¿

V1 h¿°n ]menb°pt∂¬ VI1 sIm®ph¿°n ]menb°pt∂¬

VI2 adnbw

III2 aØmbn Rd-f-°m´v IV1 aØmbn Rdf-°m´v

IV2 amWn Rd-f-°m´v

III3 h¿°n sN≈q-∏-d-ºn¬ IV1 De-l-∂m≥

IV2 A∂

IV3 tXykym

IV4 Gen

IV6 sXmΩ≥

IV3 hr»n IV4 t{Xky IV7 aØmbn

IV5 tdmk

IV8 ss]en

III6 BKkvXn ]pXn-bn-SØpIpt∂¬ IV1 amWn ]pXn-bn-S-ØvIp-t∂¬ IV3 ss]en Ipf-tº¬

IV2 sXmΩ≥ sXt°¬

IV4 BKkvXn aT-Ip-t∂¬

IV5 h¿§okv ]Xn-\m-dn¬

210

IV.1 h¿°n (V)

IV5 tdmk IV6 adnbw

III4 ss]en If-∏p-c-bn¬ IV1 adnbw IV2 A∂

am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ωbpw hS-°pw-Iqdpw XΩnep≠mb bp≤sØ ØpS¿∂v \in-∏n-°-s∏´ Xd-hmSv hb¬°-c-bn-te°v Cd°n-∏-Wn-Xpht√m. \memw Xe-ap-d-bn¬ AhnsS Xma-k-am-°nb h¿°n F∂ ]nXmhn\p h¿°n, amWn, DXp∏v F∂o aq∂p ]p{X-∑m-cmWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv. aqØ aI≥ h¿°n A∏-t\m-sSm∏w Xd-hm-´nepw c≠m-asØ a-I≥ amWn A[nIw AI- s e- b - √ msX \cn- a ‰w ]mS- Ø ns‚ Ic- b n- e p≈ ssXIp∂w]pdØv ]pc-bn-S-Ønepw Xma-k-ambn. aq∂m-asØ ]p{X-\mIs´ NnIn-’-°mbn \mSp-hn-´p Iogn-√-Øn\v t]mbn. h¿°n tImSn-°pfw ap≠-bv°m-a-‰-Øn¬ \n∂p-amWv hnhmlw sNbvXn-cp-∂Xv.

IV6 tP°_v IØ-\m¿

1 h¿°n

2 amWn

3 DXp∏v

V.2 h¿°n ssae-s°mºv ]≈n-Øm-g-Øp-\n-∂p-amWv h¿°n hnhmlw Ign®Xv. I\n-jvT-k-¥m-\-ambn Hutk^v P\n®v A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX h¿°n ac-W-a-S-™p. Hutk-^ns‚ hnhm-l-Øn\v apsº AΩbpw aIs\ hn´p-t]mbn. ktlm-Z-c-]p-{Xs‚ Imcy-ßfpw hkvXp hI-Ifpw ]nev°mew t\m°n-\S- Ø - n-bn-cp-∂Xv ]nXr-kt- lm-Zc - ≥ amWn-bm-bn-cp∂p. {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-b-t∏mƒ Hutk^v h≠-a‰w h´-°p-t∂¬ Nmt°m 211

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

tdmkΩ aIƒ t{Xkysb IeymWw Ign®v Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-k-ambn. ]nXm-hn-s\bpw amXm-hn-s\bpw sNdp-∏Ø - nse \jvSa - m-bX - p-aqew ÿew [mcmfw D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw taem-Zm-b-an-√msX hcp-Ibpw Iptd-tbsd ÿew A\ym-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. henb Xd-hmSp hoSv s]mfn®p sNdp-Xm°n ]p\¿ \n¿Ωn®p.

VII.4 ]m∏-®≥ (VIII) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 tacn tPm¿÷v tPmkv t{Kkn Nmt°m Nn∂Ω tamfn tXmakv

VI.3 Hutk^v

VIII.5 tacn

Hutk-^n\p \mev B¨a-°fpw Hcp s]Æp-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv. \mev]-Øn-sb-´-asØ hb-€n¬ Xs∂ DZ-c-tcmKw aqew At±lw AIme-N-caw {]m]n®p.

sNdp- ∏ pg ]m®m- ] - d - º n¬ ss]en-t{XkymΩ aI≥ Nmt°m (t__n) hnhmlw Ign®p. _nPp, ao\, t{Xky a°-fmWv.

VI.3 Hutk^v (VII)

IÆq¿ Pn√ Ip‰q¿ tN∂-a-‰-Øn¬ tXmakv ˛ t{Xky aIƒ tdmkΩ-bmWv `mcy. c≠v Ip´n-Iƒ PÃn-bpw, tPm¿Ppw.

1 h¿°n

2 t{XkymΩ

3 Nmt°m

4 am\p-h¬

5 tPmk^v

VII.4 h¿°n (]m∏-®≥)

VIII.6 tPm¿÷v

VIII.7 tPmkv sNdp-]pg IÆn-bØv sk_m-Ãy-s‚bpw Im∏n¬ A∂-Ωb - p-sSbpw aIƒ enknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ kpan, ao\p

aqØ ]p{X≥ Imfn-bm¿ tamfØv h¿°n-bp-sSbpw ]pd-∏pg IpgnI-≠-Øn¬ tdmk-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ A∂-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]m∏-®\p \mev B¨a-°fpw \mev s]¨a-°f - p-am-Wp-≈Xv. A`n-am-\nbpw kc-k-\p-amb ]m∏-®≥ Ct∏mƒ ae-_m-dn¬ sNdp-]pg Xmt_m-dn-emWv Cfb aI-t\m-sSm∏w Xmakw.

tPmkpw IpSpw-_hpw

VIII.8 t{Kkn H≥]-Xm-asØ hb-€n¬ \yqtam-Wnb _m[n®p ac-W-a-S™p.

VIII.9 Nmt°m (Ip™v) ]m∏-®\pw IpSpw-_hpw

Im∏n-ae If-∏p-c-bv°¬ tXma-kn-s‚bpw {_nPo-Øm-bp-tSbpw aIƒ sP€nsb IeymWw Ign®p. ]©m-_n¬ tPmen sNbvXn-cp∂p.

212

213

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

Ct∏mƒ Xmakw Xmt_m-dn¬. aqØ aIƒ lWnbpw, aI≥ tSmWnbpw, Cf-b-a-Iƒ tkmWnbpw kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.

VII.13 t{XkymΩ DSp-º-∂q¿ Gdmw-X-S-Øn¬ tPmk^v aI≥ tPmk^v tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. tIm´-°-h-e-bn¬ BWv Ct∏mƒ Xmakw. tPmkpw, sPbn°pw tSman-bp-amWv a°ƒ. I\ym-kv{Xo-bmb aqØ-a-Iƒ Nn∂Ω Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn-emWv.

VII.14 Ip™n (Nmt°m) sNtßmw -C-S-hI ]me-°m´v hdp-Kokv-Gen-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tacnsb IeymWw Ign®v, AhnsSØs∂ Xma-kn-°p∂p. a°ƒ \mev.

Nmt°mbpw sP€nbpw a°fpw

VIII.10 Nn∂Ω

Ip™nbpw IpSpw-_mw-Kßfpw

a™-∏nØw _m[n®v A©mw-h-b-€n¬ acn-®p-t]mbn.

VII.14 Ip™n (VIII)

VIII.11 tamfn Xøm\n CS-hI Xm∂n-°¬ Hutk-∏n-s‚bpw adn-b° - p-´n-bp-sSbpw aI≥ Hutk-∏-®-\mWv `¿Ømhv. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v c≠v s]¨Ip-™p߃. adn-b-°p-´nbpw A∂-°p-´nbpw.

1 t{Kkn

2 eoe

3 tPmbn

4 tPm¿÷v

VIII.12 tXmakv

VIII.15 t{Kkn (t{Xky)

]m∏-®s‚ Cfb k¥m-\-amb tXmakv, a™-°mSv C©n-tem´v tXmakv-eqkn aIƒ enPo-‰ns\ hnhmlw sNbvX,v U¬ln-bn¬ D≠mbn-cp∂ tPmen Dt]-£n®v Xmt_m-dn¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w Xd-hm´n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. GI aI≥ tPm¿÷p-Ip´n.

Np¶-°p∂v amWn-]-d-ºn¬ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p a°-fmWp-≈Xv. HcmWpw Hcp s]Æpw.

214

215

VIII.16 eoe (Gen) tIm´q¿ taev ] Xmw tXm´- Ø n¬ tPmk^v BWv `¿Ømhv .

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

tPmk^v {]Xn-tcm-[-tk-\-bn-emWv. eoe AwK≥hmSn A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv. Xmakw sNtßmw.

VIII.17 tPmbn (tPmk^v) Np¶-°p∂v ]oXp-cp-t∂¬ amXyp-t{Xky aIƒ ssdknsb BWv sI´n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. sNtßm-an¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. Ch¿°v PÃn\pw, Pkv\bpw a°-fmWv.

VIII.18 tPm¿Pv aWn-°-Shv tNcm-Sn-°¬ G{_m-l-Øn-s‚bpw ˛ ^ntem-an-\-bp-sSbpw aIƒ ssj\nsb IeymWw Ign®p. c≠p a°ƒ. tPmtajv, s^_n≥.

VIII.20 tamfn (t{Xky-mΩ) tImgn-®m¬ ]pfn-°¬ tPm¨-tdmkΩ aI≥ Ipcy≥ (_m_p) hnhmlw Ign-®n-cn-°p∂p. kvt\lbpw k\epw a°-fmWv.

VIII.21 tPmkv (tPmk^v) tImgn-®m¬ Cuiz-c≥Ip-Sn-bn¬ amXyp-tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ an\n-bmWv `mcy. an\n a[y-{]-tZ-in¬ A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv. Aeo\, A\q]v a°-fm-bp≠v.

VIII.22 A\n¬ (h¿°n) s]cp-º-Shv amcm-∏p-dØv sUman-\n°v-A∂Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ sP€nsb A\n¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. A\qj GI aIƒ ]ø-∂q-cn¬ Xmakw.

tPm¿÷pw IpSpw-_hpw

VII.19 Ip™p-]m-∏≥ (am\p-h¬) Hutk-^ns‚ aI≥ Ip™p-]m∏≥ t]cm-hq¿ hS-t°-SØv {_nPnØm-sb-bmWv hnhmlw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv. Akp-JsØ XpS¿∂v 2004¬ ac-W-a-S™p. A©p a°-fp≠v. ]ø-∂q-cnembn-cp∂p Xma-kw.

VII.19 Ip™p-]m-∏≥ (VIII) 1 tamfn

2 tPmk^v

3 h¿°n 216

4 sP€n

A\n¬, sP€n, aIƒ

VIII.23 sP€n (adnbw) Iøm\n Nmcw-sXm-´n-bn¬ G{_lmw-Ip´n-bΩ F∂n-h-cpsS aI≥ kptcjv BWv IeymWw Ign-®Xv. a°ƒ sPkv\, tPmWn.

VIII.24 s_∂n (am\p-h¬) 5 am\p-h¬

Ahn-hm-ln-X-\mWv. ]ø-∂q-cn¬ aZy-hym-]mc cwKØv tPmen sNøp∂p. 217

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.25 sIm®v (tPmk^v)

a ssX°p∂pw]pdØv

aWn-°-Shv he-cn-bn¬ sF∏n-s‚bpw A∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ t{Xyky-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠v a°-fp≠v. aWn-°-S-hn¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn-°p∂p.

V.28 amWn

sIm®pw IpSpw-_hpw

h¿°n F∂ ]nXm-hns‚ ZzXob k¥m-\-am-bn-cp∂ amWn-. Ggpap´w hS-°pw-]m-S-Øns‚ Ingt° A‰-Ømbn C∂sØ Btcm-Ky-`-h\p ]pd-In¬ ImWp∂ sam´-°p-∂m-bn-cp∂p ssXIp-∂n≥]pdw. ChnsS henb hr£-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw sXßn≥ssX-Iƒ Ipgn-®n´v Irjn-bv°mbn k÷-am-°n-bn-cp∂p. X\n°v N¿ΩtcmKw ]nSn-s]-´-Xp-aqew amWn ssXIp-∂pw-]p-dsØ h≥-B-™n-en-a-c-Øn¬ Hcp Gdp-amSw sI´n-bp-≠m°n AXn-em-bn-cp∂p Dd°w. ]I¬ Xmsg ]d-ºn¬ ]Wn-bp-Ibpw cm{Xn-bn¬ Im´p-ar-K-ßfpsS B{I-aW - Ø - n¬ \n∂pw c£-s]-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. Akm-am\y ss[cy-im-en-bm-bn-cp∂ At±-l-Øn\v `£Ww Xd-hm-´n¬ Xøm-dm°n Xmsg \n∂pw Ib-dn¬ Xq°n Gdp-am-S-Øn¬ FØn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbpw ]gb Bfp-Iƒ ]d™v tI´n-´p≠v. AkpJw amdn-bt- ∏mƒ B ÿeØp Xs∂ Hcp ]pc ]WnXp. s]cp-ºn-≈n-®nd Ic-bn¬ aT-Øn-°≠ - Ø - n¬ Hutk∏v ˛ A∂ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ Gen-°p-´nsb BWv amWn IeymWw Ign®n-cp-∂Xv. ]n¬°m-eØv hgn-b-cn-In¬ hoSpw ISbpw ]WnXv I®-hSw \S-Øp-I-bp-≠mbn.

VII.25 sIm®v (VIII)

V.28 amWn (VI)

1 tdmbn

2 PnΩn

VIII.26 tdmbn Ad-_n- C-S-hI Nnßq¿ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw amΩn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ ssj\nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tdmbn a[y-{]-tZ-in¬ kz¥-ambn Hcp kvIqƒ \S-Øp-∂p≠v. `mcy ssj\n M.A., AhnsS A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv.

VIII.27 PnΩn

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 tZhky Hutk∏®≥ amWn amΩn sIm®p-s]Æv Gen-°p´n t{Xky-°p´n Ip™p-]m-∏≥

VI.29

amΩn (adnbw)

Icn-a-Æq¿ ]q∆m-‰p-Nnd aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXv Nme-°p-Sn-bnem-bn-cp∂p Xmakw. a°ƒ amWn,h°-®≥, tPmWn, tPm¿Pv, tPmkv, s{Kbvkn, adnbw, tPmtam≥, tPmhm-®≥. 2000Øn¬ ac-W-a-S-™p.

VI.30 sIm®p-s]Æv (A∂-°p´n)

aWn-°Shv Imcn-ØSw h¿°n-adnbw Zº-Xn-If - psS aIƒ jΩnsb IeymWw Ign-®n-cn-°p∂p. t\h-tamƒ, \hy-tamƒ a°-fmWv.

DSp-º∂ - q¿ Ipgn-bm-\n-a‰- Ø - n¬ At¥mWn˛adn-b° - p´n aI≥ ]oent∏m-kmWv hnhmlw sNbvXXv. aq∂v BWpw c≠v s]Æpw a°ƒ. Ct∏mƒ AS-bv°m-tØmSv (I-Æq¿ Pn√) Xma-kw.

218

219

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.31 Gen-°p´n

VII.38 amWn (Ip™q™v)

s\bvticn ]me-bv°m-]d- º - n¬ ]m∏-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ F´v. aq∂mWpw A©v s]Æpw. Nme-°pSn Nmbv]m-¶p-gn-bn¬ Xma-kn°p-∂p.

tZh-ky-bpsS aI≥ amWn Ipdp-ºm-ea - ‰w sIm®p-Xm-gØv sXmΩ≥ Gen aIƒ t{Xky-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ am´-d-bn¬ Xmakn-°p∂p.

VI.32 t{Xky-°p´n tImSn-°pfw at©-cn-bn¬ Hutk^v˛Gen-bmΩ Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ BKkvXn (Ip™p-amWn) IeymWw Ign®p. a°ƒ c≠mWpw c≠v s]Æpw. hb-\m-´n¬ hmfmSv Bbn-cp∂p Xma-kw. 2004¬ ac-W-a-S-™p.

VI.33 tZhky (Ip™v) apX-e-t°mSw aT-Øn-°-≠-Øn¬ sF∏v˛t{Xky Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ adn-b-°p-´nsb hnhmlw Ign®p. Bdv a°ƒ BWv.

VI.33 tZhky

VII.38 amWn (VIII) 1 s{Kbvkn

2 enkn

3 X¶-®≥

4 sken≥

5 h’Ω

VII.39 tPmk^v (Ip™p-]m-∏≥) ae-_m¿ AS-bv°m-tØmSv apX-e-∏m-d-bn¬ Gen-°p-´n-sb-bmWv IeymWw Ign-®Xv. Ct∏mƒ Imem-¶n-bn¬ Xmakw. a°ƒ F´v.

(VII) 1 amWn

2 tPmk^v

3 4 5 6 Gen-°p´n t{Xky-°p´n tacn-°p´n A∂-°p´n

VII.34 Gen-°p´n sX\w-Ip∂v ]m´-∏-d-ºn¬ tZhky˛adnbw Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ ssa°nƒ (sIm®v) hnhmlw sNbvXp. HSn-b-]m-d-bn¬ Xmakw. a°ƒ _nPn, DÆn, _nµp, kpP. kpP acn-®p-t]m-bn.

VII.35 t{Xky-Ip´n hm´-∏n≈n hS-t°¬ aØ-®s‚ aI≥ h°-®-\mWv hnhmlw sNbvXXv. {]Imiv, emep, PnΩn, A\ojv, Aºnfn, tPmfn, tP°_v, Acp¨ BWv a°ƒ. IÆq¿ Pn√-bnse am´-d-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

tPmk^pw IpSpw-_hpw

VII.39 tPmk^v

VII.36 tacn-°p´n

(VIII)

IpSIv Ifn-Ø´v sIm®p-]p-Ø≥]pc amWn (t__n) hnhmlw Ign®p. tPmtam\pw, adn-bhpw, t{Xkybpw aq∂v a°ƒ. Xmakw IpSIn¬.

VII.37 A∂-°p´n

1 h’Ω

2 cmPp

3 4 5 kt¥mjv tPmtam≥ tPmjn

6 an\n

7 Atemjn

8 amb

VI.40 Hutk-∏-®≥

hm´-d∏ - ≈n hS-t°-Ip-gn-bn¬ tPmfn-°p-´n-bp-ambn hnhmlw. Ubm\bpw tkmP\pw k¥m-\-߃. am´-d-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

XpS-ß\ - mSv hen-bI - p-t∂¬ A∂-s°m-®ns\ hnhmlw Ign®p. A]I-S-kw-`-h-Øn¬ ac-W-a-S™p. GI- a-Isf IS-\mSv Ih-f-°m´v aØ®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp.

220

221

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.41 amWn (]m∏)

VII.44 kmen

hgn-Øe apt≠m-´p-Ip-Sn-bn¬ sIm®ns‚ aIƒ adn-bm-Ωb - m-bn-cp∂p BZy-`mcy. aIƒ Gen-°p´n. adn-b-Øns‚ ac-W-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v s\øt»cn ]c-bv°¬ Ipcy≥-˛A∂ aIƒ A∂-°p-´nsb ]p\¿hn-hmlw sNbvXp. BsI Ggp a°ƒ. CSp°n Pn√-bnse ªmØn-°-h-e-bn-em-bncp∂p Xma-kw. 2002 BK-Ãn¬ ac-W-a-S-™p.

sh¨aWn IqSsØm´n It√¬Ipfw tPmk^v ˛ Gen aI≥ tPmWn IeymWw sNbvXp. a°ƒ Fenk_Øv, A∂°p´n. Xmakw sXmΩ≥Ip-Øn¬. VII.45 PnPn (Beokv) sh¨aWn sIm√w]dºn¬ tPmk^v˛t{Xky aI≥ amXyp (jmPn) IeymWw Ign®p. t{Xkybpw A∂°p´nbpw adn-b-hp-amWv a°ƒ. CSp°n Pn√-bn¬ sh¨a-Wn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VII.46 t__n (am\ph¬) hmgtØm∏v Ip‰n®ndbn¬ tPmk^v˛A∂ aIƒ tamfn (tam\n° bmWv `mcy. a°ƒ c≠v sa¬hn≥, tSmWn. ªmØn-°-h-e-bn¬ Xmakw.

VII.47 tPmkv tNe®phSv ssaew]dºn¬ tPmk^v˛t{Xky aIƒ tagvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm¿÷v, A∂°p´n a°ƒ. ªmØn-°h - e - b - n¬ Xmakn-°p-∂p.

VII.48 tPmjn Ahn-hm-ln-X-\m-Wv. AΩ-tbm-sSm∏w ªmØn-°-h-e-bn¬ Xd-hm-´nem-Wv.

]m∏ `mcy A∂-°p-´nbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

VI.49 tPm¿÷v (Ip™p]m∏≥)

VI.41 amWn (VII) 1 2 3 Gen-°p´n t__n tPmkv

4 ssek

5 kmen

6 7 PnPn tPmjn

amWn- b psS Cf- b - a - I ≥ s\Snbime ssX°pt∂¬ aØmbn˛A∂Ω aIƒ tdmkΩsb IeymWw Ign®v Imfnbm‰n¬ Xmakn°p∂p. a°ƒ Ggp t]¿.

VI.49 tPm¿÷v

VII.42 Gen-°p´n

(VII)

]p¬∏n≈n sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ A∏-®\v Gen-°p-´nsb sI´n®p sImSpØp. a°ƒ kPn, tkmP≥, Pbvk¨. hb-\mSv Pn√ sN‰-∏meØv Xmakw.

1 t{Kkn

VII.43 ssekm

VII.50 t{Kkn

Imfn-bm¿ ]Sn-bv°-∏-d-ºn¬ tXmakv˛adnb°p´n aI≥ tPm¨ BWv `¿Ømhv. B¬hn≥ (tXmakv) AizXn (tacn) a°ƒ.

Imfnbm¿ ]mSnbn¬ sXmt°wt_¬ ss]tem≥˛adnb°p´n aI≥ cmPp (tPmk^v) hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ \ntPjv, \nPnX

222

223

2 enkn

3 tPmfn

4 tkmPn

5 6 7 tPmtPm kntPm \nj

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.51 enkn (A∂) IcnaÆq¿ tX°n¬Im´n¬ ]t{Xmkv˛A∂Ω aI≥ tPmWnbmWv IeymWw Ign®Xv. a°ƒ tPmkv\ (A∂) Pkv\ (tdmkΩ)

VII.52 tPmfn (^nteman\) tImSn°pfw s]mt´mfn¬ Nmt°m˛adnb°p´n aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ \o\p (adnbw), Pn_n≥ (h¿§okv)

VII.53 tkmPn (tdmk) Imfnbm¿ sXt° Ipgnbm\na‰Øn¬ ]t{Xmkv˛sdt_°m aI≥ X¶®≥ (tPmk^v ) IeymWw Ign®p. AΩphpw (doØ) F_n (hdpKokv) bpw BWv a°ƒ.

{]i-kvXa - mb Iogn√w kvIqfns‚ ]Sn-™m-dp amdn Dt±iw H∂c ssa¬ AIse ]mS-Øns‚ Ic-bn-em-bn-cp∂p sNº-cØn DXp∏v Xmak-am-°n-bXv. Ipdp-∏w-]-Sn-bn¬ \n∂p h∂v, hc-W-h-b¬ `mKØv Xmak-am-°nb C∂sØ ]c-Øp-hb - ¬°mcpw ap-Xp-Im-´p-Im-cp-am-bn-cp∂p a‰p apJy-Ip-Spw-_-߃. DXp-∏ns‚ GI k¥m-\-Øns‚ t]cpw DXp∏v F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. hm¿≤-Iy-Øn¬ ]nXm-hmb DXp∏v ac-Wa - S- ™ t- ∏mƒ Ip∂p-Ip-cpSn henb- ]-≈n-bn¬ AS°n.

V.57 DXp∏v (VI)

VII.54 \nj (doØ) Imfnbm¿ aTØn∏dºn¬ Nmt°m˛tacn aI≥ _nPp tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ _n\n¬ (tP°_v), hdpKokv.

1 DXp∏v

VII.55 tPmtPm (hdpKokv)

VI.58 DXp∏v

Imfnbm¿ Ingt°SØv amØ≥˛A∂Ω ZºXnIfpsS aIƒ kn\nsb (^nteman\) hnhmlw sNbvXp.

Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-k-amb h¿°nbpsS Cfb ]p{X-\m-bn-cp∂p DXp∏v F∂v hnfn-°s∏´n-cp∂ tPmk-^v. N¿Ω-tcmKw _m[n-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v A∂sØ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Bbp¿t∆Z NnIn-’-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Iogn√w ]cØp-h-b-en¬ hen-b-ssh-Zys\ ImWm≥ t]mbn. Zo¿L-Ime NnIn’ Bh-iy-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AhnsS Xs∂ Xma-kn-®p. tPyjvT≥ amWn-bm-Is´ Zqsc bm{X°v an\-s°-SmsX Ggp-ap-´-Øp-Xs∂ Xma-kn-®p-sIm≠v Ipdpºm-e-a-‰sØ {]-i-kvX- I-Wn-bm≥ sshZys‚ NnIn’ sNbvXv kpJw {]m]n-®p.

Iogn-√Øv hmg-°m-em-bn¬ ho´n¬ c≠p -s]¨a-°-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. aqØ aIƒ A∂-Ωsb Np≠m-´p-ho-´n¬ ss]enbpw c≠m-asØ aIƒ adn-bm-Ωsb sNº-cØn DXp∏pw hnhmlw sNbvXp. DXp-∏n\p a°-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. sNº-c-Øn-bn¬ \nt∂m, hmg-°m-em-bn¬ \nt∂m Hcp Ip´nsb Ch¿ ZsØ-Sp-Øv hf¿Øn, Ip™p-h¿°n F∂p hnfn-®p. Ip™p-h¿°n°v {]mb-am-b-t∏m-ƒ hnhmlw Ign-®p. Hcp aIƒ D≠mbn. Gsd Xma-kn-bmsX k¿∏-Zw-isØ XpS¿∂v h¿°n-bpsS `mcy acn®p-t]m-bn. Ipd-®p-Imew Ig-™t- ∏mƒ At±lw ho≠pw hnhmlw sNbvXv Xd-hm-´p-ho´n¬ \n∂p amdn Iogn√w Aº-e-Øn\p kao]w Xma-kn-®p. AhnsS Ab¬°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p {]ikvX a\-I-fm-bn-cp∂ ]pØn-√Øp a\bpw sh´n-°m´p a\bpw a‰pw. BZy-hn-hm-l-Ønse GI aI-fm-Is´ Xd-hm-´n¬ hey-∏-s\bpw h√y-Ω-sbbpw ip{iq-jn-®p-sIm≠v Xma-kn-®p. {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-b-t∏mƒ Cu aIsf s]cp-ºm-hq¿ hoWm-en¬ ho´n¬ Ipcymt°m hnhmlw sNøp-Ibpw ZØv \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Imem\-¥cw Ipcymt°m Cu ÿew hn‰v CSp°n Pn√-bnse cmPm-°mSv `mKtØ°v IpSn-tb-dn. Ch-cpsS Hcp aI≥ sshZn-I\ - mbn. Ct∏mƒ Xr°f-Øq¿ Xma-kn®p hcp-∂-Xmbn Adn-bp-∂p. DXp-∏n-s\bpw Ip∂p-Ip-cpSn bmt°m-_mb henb ]≈n-bn¬ Xs∂bmWv AS-°n-b-Xv.

224

225

VII.56 kntPm (amWn) Rdp°p‰n h´°pt∂¬ tPm¨˛A®mΩ aIƒ _nµp (B≥kn) hns\ IeymWw Ign®p. Hcp aIƒ.

b sNº-cØn (Iogn√w) V.57 DXp∏v

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.59 h¿°n (Ip-™p-h¿°n)

IX.63 hdp-Kokv (Ip-™p-tam≥)

Ip™v F∂v ]cs° Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ h¿°n BZy-`m-cy-bpsS ac-Wt- ijw adn-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw Ign®v Iogn√w t£{X-Øn\v A[nIw AI-se-b-√msX s]cp-ºm-hq¿ tdmUn\v kao-]w Xma-k-am-bn. tXm´p¶¬°m¿ Bbn-cp∂p sXm´-b¬°m¿. hgn-°-∏pdw £pc-I≥ \m-cm-bWs‚ IpSpw-_hpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. h¿°n ˛ adn-bmΩ Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v aq∂v B¨a-°fpw c≠v s]¨a-°f - p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. a-cW - m-\¥ - cw h¿°nsb Fw.kn tdmUn\v kao-]-ap≈ ]tdm-Øp-ap-Iƒ bmt°m-_mb ]≈n-bn¬ kwkvI-cn-®p.

Cu´n-bv°¬ amXyp-hn-s‚bpw, adn-bm-Ωb - p-sSbpw aIƒ tamf-Ωsb IeymWw Ign®v ao∂p-≈n-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. aI≥ tPmb¬ kvIqfn¬.

VII.59 h¿°n (VIII) 1 DXp∏v

2 adn-bmΩ

3 h¿°n

4 A∂Ω

5 Ipcym-t°mkv

It°m-fn-bn¬ hdp-Ko-kn-s‚bpw Ip™m-∏p-fb - p-sSbpw aIƒ A®mΩsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. ae-_m-dn\p IpSn-tb-dnb At±lw Ct∏mƒ IÆq¿ Pn√ sNdp-]p-gb - v°S- pØv tImgn-®m-en¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Bdv a°fp-≠v.

VIII.60 DXp∏v (IX) 2 h¿°n

3 hdp-Kokv

4 tamfn

ao∂p≈n H‰-πm-°¬ ssa°nƒ-˛-tdm-kΩ F∂n-h-cpsS aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. ao∂p≈n ]≈n-°q-S-Øn\p ASp-Ømbn Ct∏mƒ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Irjn-bm-Wv. a°ƒ an\n, ao\p, s_∂n, ItØmen°m hnizm-k-Øn-em-Wv.

IX.65 kmdmΩ

VIII.60 DXp∏v kn.-hn. (]m-∏-®≥)

1 tacn

IX.64 tamfn (-A-∂-Ω)

]b-k-°cn Rmd-°p-fØv Ipcym-®≥ ˛ Nn∂Ω aI≥ tPmkmWv hnhmlw Ign-®-Xv. Ch¿ ]ø-∂q¿ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. a°ƒ A©n-X, F_n≥.

IX.66 Ipcym-t°mkv ]d-s∏-´n-bn¬ F{_-lm-an-s‚bpw It√m-en-bn¬ G√ym-Ωb - p-sSbpw aIƒ joPsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. aI≥ B¬_n≥, aIƒ A®m-Ω.

VIII.67 h¿°n 5 kmdmΩ

6 Ipcym-t°mkv

Ipº-fØp IpSn-bn¬ Ipcym-t°m-kn-s‚bpw A®m-b-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ adn-bm-Ωsb I√ymWw Ign-®p. a°ƒ \mev.

VIII.67 h¿°n (IX)

IX.61 tacn sNdp-]pg Ipº-f-Øp-Ip-Sn-bn¬ Ipcym-t°mkv ˛ A®mΩ aI≥ Ip™p-tam≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ I¿Æm-SI kwÿm-\Øv awKem-]p-c-Øn\v kao]w IS-º-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Irjn-bmWv apJyw. a°ƒ enkn, _nPp, kPp, en≥kn.

IX.62 h¿°n (Ip-™v)

1

2

3

4

tacn

cmPΩ

A∂-°p´n

h¿°n

s]¨a-°-fn¬ tacnsb cmPp-hn\pw cmP-Ωsb hn¬k\pw A∂°p-´nsb kmPp-hn\pw hnhmlw Ign-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp.

DXp-∏ns‚ aqØ aI≥ Ip™v sIm®p-]p-c-bn¬ t__n-bp-sSbpw Geym-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ en-√nsb IeymWw Ign®v tImgn-®m-en¬ Xmakn-°p-∂p. aIƒ knPnsb ]p∂-bn¬ kmw hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ ao∂p≈n kvIqfn\v kao]w Xma-kn-°p-∂p. aI≥ _nPp _mw•q-cn¬ tPmen-bm-Wv.

Xr°-f-Øq¿ Acn-Ip-]p-dØv C´q-∏n-s‚bpw Ge-Ωb - p-sSbpw aIƒ kmdm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©p a°ƒ. ao∂p-≈n-bn¬ Xma-kn°p-∂p.

226

227

VIII.68 Ipcym-t°mkv kn.hn.

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.68 Ipcym-t°mkv (IX) 1 tacn

2 h-dp-Kokv

3 A∂

4 enkn

5 _m_p

IX.69 tacn N°m-e° - ¬ amØp tim-imΩ aI≥ kÆn hnhmlw Ign-®p. sNdp]pg ASpØv Nn‰m-cn-°-en¬ Xma-kw. a°ƒ amXyp, Ipcym-t°m, timimΩ (D-Æn)

3 sNº-cØn (tXt\m-en¬)

IX.70 hdp-Kokv hnhm--ln-X-\m-bn-´n-√.

IX.71 A∂ I¿Æm-SI kwÿm-\sØ Nocm-Sn-bn¬ Ip∂Øv Ip™v˛A∂Ω aI≥ cmtPjv hnhmlw Ign-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Irjn-bmWv sXmgn¬. a°-ƒ amXyp, A∂p.

IX.72 enkn Nocm-Sn-bn¬ koX-°p-t∂¬ tbml-∂m≥-˛t- acn aI≥ ss_Pp--hmWv `¿Øm-hv. tbml-∂m-\pw, Ipcym-t°mkpw a°ƒ. Im¿jnIhrØn kzoIcn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

IX.73 _m_p hnhmlw Ign-™n-´n-√. Iq\≥Ip-cn-ip- k-Xy-sØ- Xp-S¿∂v tIc-f-Ønse {InkvXym-\n-IfpsS CS-bn-ep-≠mb `n∂n∏v aqew Iogn-√Øpw ]cn-kc - Ø - p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ss{IkvX-h-cn¬ knwl-`m-Khpw bmt°m-_mb hn`m-K-Øn¬ h∂ptN¿∂p. ]pcm-X-\-amb Ip∂p-°p-cpSn hen-b -]-≈nbpw, ]tdm-Øp-ap-Iƒ ]≈nbpw A¶-amen `{Zm-k-\-Øn\p Iogn¬ bmt°m-_mb hn`m-K-Ønem-Wv. \ΩpsS Hcp ktlm-Z-cs‚ ]n≥ap-d-°m-cmb Ch¿ amXr-Ip-Spw-_Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I-Ø-\n-abpw kmaq-ly-t_m-[-hpw, Dd® ssZh-hnizm-khpw ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-cp-∂p. sNdp-]p-g-bv°v ASpØv tImgn-®m-en¬ \√ \ne-bn¬ Ign-bp∂ Ch-cpsS `h-\-߃°v ASpØv Xs∂ tZhm-eb-hp-ap-≠v.

hS-°pw-Iq¿ cmP-hw-i-Øns‚ Xntcm-[-m\-Øn\p tijw aq∂mw Xe-ap-d-bn¬ sNº-cØn Xd-hm-´nse h¿°n F∂ ]nXm-hns‚ aq∂p a°-fn¬ aqØ-h-\mbn ]nd-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Hutk∏v. hnhm-l-tijw Hutk∏v Xd-hm-´n¬ \n∂pw Hcp hnfn-∏m-SI - ew am{X-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ tXt\men¬ ]pc-bn-S-Øn-te°v amdn Xma-kn®p. Ing-°pw-]m-S-Øns‚ Ing-t°-Ic apX¬ C∂sØ Nmem-t»cn tdmUv hsc \o≠p-In-S-°p∂ hnim-e-amb {]tZ-i-am-bn-cp∂p tXt\men¬. C∂p ImWp∂ Xmt_m¿ {]m¿∞-\m-e-b-Øns‚ sXm´p-Im-Wp∂ Ip∂n≥sN- c p- h n¬ D≠m- b n- c p∂ Hmen (h‰msX sh≈w Dudp∂ Ddh)bn¬ \n∂pw Hen®p h∂n-cp∂ sh≈-Øn\v tX\ns‚ cpNn-bp-≠mbn-cp-s∂∂pw Aßs\ tXt\m-en¬ F∂v t]cp-≠mbn F∂p-amWv ÿe]p-cmWw. Hgp-°p-Nm¬ Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ \nc-Ønbpw hi-߃ CSn-®n-d°nbpw D≠m-°n-b-XmWv tXt\m-en¬ \new. tXt\m-en¬ sNº-cØn ]pc-bnSw F∂mWv {]am-W-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂Xv. tXt\m-en¬ amfn-Ib - n¬ Xma-ka - m-°nb Hutk-∏n\v Hcp k¥m\w am{X-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv ˛ aØmbn. aØm-bnbpw kz]n-Xm-hn-s\-t∏mse ITn-\m-≤zm-\n-bmb Hcp I¿j-I-\m-bn-cp∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ hnhmlw FhnsS \n∂m-bn-cp∂p F∂v Adn-bm≥ Ign-™n√. k¥m-\-ß-fmbn c≠p s]¨a-°ƒ am{Xambn-cp∂p. B¨ k¥m\w D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.

IV.1 aØmbn (V) 1 adnbw

228

2 t{Xky 229

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

Cfb aIƒ t{Xkysb Ipdp-ºm-e-a‰w Ac-b-Ip-t∂¬ \mep-ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cn¬ aØm-bn°v IeymWw Ign®p sImSpØp. Xd-hm´p ]pc-bn-S-Øns‚ Ingt° ]Ip-Xnbpw AXn¬ Hcp hoSpw h®p \¬In. t{Xkymbv°v ]Øp-a-°-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. GgmWpw aq∂p sNÆpw.

V.2. t{Xky ˛ aØmbn (VI) 1 2 3 4 5 ]m∏®≥ Ip™m∏v Ip™-∏≥ Nmt°m-®≥ BKkvXn 6 7 8 9 10 eq° tPm¿Pv Ip™pIp´n t{Xky-°p´n A∂-°p´n Imfn-bm-‰n¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ aqØ a°ƒ c≠p-t]cpw acn-®p. _m°n-bp-≈-h¿ Ipdp-ºm-e-a-‰Øv Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Ggp-ap-´Øv Ct∏mƒ Ip™m-∏ns‚ aI≥ t__nbpw tPmkpw Xma-k-ap-≠v. Cfb ktlmZcnsb tImSn-°pfw tXmb-en¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ hnhmlw sNbvX-b-®p. aØm-bn-bpsS aqØ aIƒ adn-bsØ ]mtd-Ωm-°-emb apX-et°mSw ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ BK-kvXn-sb-s°m≠v hnhmlw Ign-∏n®v Xdhm-´n¬ ZØp-\n¿Øp-Ibpw, tXt\m-en¬ ]pc-bn-S-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ Gsd ÿew \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xd-hm-Sn\p kao-]-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]md- b v ° - c p- I n¬ c≠p- ]p- f n- a - c - ß ƒ hf¿∂p- b ¿∂v \n∂n- c p- ∂ Xv Gh¿°pw IuXp-I-I-c-amb Hcp ImgvN-bm-bn-cp∂p. X∑qew B `mKw ]pfn-ºmd sNº-cØn F∂-dn-b-s∏´p. ]pfn-ºmd Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-k-amb adnbw BKkvXn Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v A©p k¥m-\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p.

V.3. adnbw ˛ BKkvXn (VI) 1 2 3 4 5 t{Xky tPmk^v aØ≥ amWn A∂-°p´n aqØ aIƒ t{Xkysb hmg-°pfw Imcym-aTw IpSpw-_-Øn¬ IeymWw Ign-®-b®p. aqØ-a-I≥ Xd-hm-´nepw c≠m-a≥ aØ≥ ]mtd¬ Ing-t°Sw Xd-hm-Sn\v kao]w Hcp hoSv h®pw Xma-k-ambn. 230

VII. 4 ^m. FΩm\pth¬ ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ V.C. Cfb aI- \ mb amWn hn≥sk≥jy≥ k\ymk k`-bn¬ tN¿∂v sshZn-I-\mbn. hnhn[ \ne-Ifn¬ {]mK¤yw sXfn-bn® At±lw HSp-hn¬ Imcn-Ømkv C‚¿\m-j-Wens‚ C≥Uy≥ Ub-d-IvS-dmbn \nban- ° - s ∏´p. Aßs\ U¬ln- b n¬ Xma- k n- ® p- h - c sh lrZ- b - k v X w- ` \w aqew \ncym-X\ - mbn. arX-ic - ocw P∑\m´n¬ sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw kwkvI-cn-°pIbpw sNbvXp. kz¥w {Kma-tØmSp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ kvt\l-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-ß-fmbn, amXm-hns‚ It∏fbpw Xmt_m¿ [ym\- t I- { µhpw, Btcm-Ky-`h - \pw Ggp-ap-´Øv ImWmw. skan\m-cn-bn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ "sNº-cØn A®≥' F∂mWv At±lw Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂Xv. X∑qew ]´w kzoI-cn-°p-tºmgpw B t]cpXs∂ kzoI-cn-°m-\m-bn-cp∂p Xmev]cyw. F∂m¬ acp-a-°Ømb k{ºZm-bØ - ns‚ Kncna Ipd™p t]mbXp aqew AtX∏‰n A`n-{]mb hyXymk-ap-≠m-b-n. XpS¿∂v FΩm-\p-th¬ ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ F∂ t]cp kzoIcn®v A®≥ Xs∂ {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.

VIII.5 ^m. tUm. AK-Ãn≥ ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-k-amb aqØ-a-I≥ tPmk-^ns‚ (]m∏≥) ]p{X-\mWv ^m. AKÃn≥ ]≈n-°p-t∂¬. Ggp-ap-´sØ {]kn≤-amb Xmt_m¿ [ym\-tI-{µ-Øn-s‚bpw A\m-Yme-bß - f - p-tSbpw Poh≥ A®-\mWv. hnIm-cn-Xz-Øn-s\m∏w hntZi k©m-chpw ]pkvXI cN-\bpw [ym\-{]-kw-Kß - fpw \SØp-hm≥ {]K-¤-\mb At±-lw kabw Is≠-Øp-∂p-≠v.

231

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.6 ^m. tPmbn ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ adnbw BKkvXn ZºXn-If - psS c≠masØ ]p{X-\mb aØ-®s‚ Hcp aI≥ tPmbn (tPm-k^ - v) Bkm-anse Un{_p-Km¿ cq]-X-bn¬ tN¿∂v sshZn-I-\m-bn. At\I-h¿j-߃ \o≠ XymK-\n¿`-ca - mb anj≥ {]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ°p tijw Ct∏mƒ At±lw Un{_p-Km¿ cq]-X-bpsS hnIm-cnP-\-d¬ F∂ D∂-X-]-Zhn Ae-¶-cn-°p-∂p.

4

Ing-t°SØn¬ Ggp-ap-´sØ CS-Øn¬ a{¥ns°m´m-c-Øns‚ sX°n≥]pdw sXt°-SØp \mb-cp-tS-Xm-bn-cp∂p. Ing-°n≥]pdw sNº-c-Øn-am-∏n-f-bpsSbpw. ]Sn-™m-sd-∏pdw ]d-°s - h´n ap…n-an-t‚-Xm-bn-cp-s∂∂pw Aßs\ aq∂p-]p-dhpw aq∂n\w ]S-\mb-I∑ - msc Xma-kn-∏n-®n-cp-∂X - mbpw ]d™p tI´n-´p≠v. Ing-°pw-]m-S-Øns‚ Ic apX¬ ]pcm-X\ ]m≠n tdmUn\∏pdw hsc hnkvXr-Xa - m-bn-cp∂p am∏n-fb - psS Ing-t° C - Sw. h¿°nbpsS ZznXob k¥m\ambncp∂ aØmbn AhnsS ]m¿Øp. aØmbn Xs‚ GI aIƒ Gensb Im°q¿ kztZinbmbncp∂ Hcmsfs°m≠v hnhmlw Ign∏n®p. GI aI≥ aØmbnbmIs´ hnhmlm\¥cw Ingt°SØn¬Xs∂ Xmakw XpS¿∂p. aØmbnbpsS aI≥ aØmbn°v aq∂p a°fp≠mbn.

IV. aØmbn

(V) 1 2 3 Gen A∂ ss]en henb `qhpS-a-I-fm-bn-cp∂ Imc-W-h-∑m¿ s]¨a-°sf Zqc-ÿ-eß-fn-te°v hnhmlw sNbvX-b-bv°m≥ A°m-eØv Xm¬]-cy-s∏-´n-cp∂n-√. C∂-sØ-t∏mse Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Ønt\m bm{Xbvt°m D≈ 232

233

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

kuIcyw A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√-t√m. aIsf hnhmlw sNbvXv \¬In-btijw kv{Xo[-\-ambn \nehpw ]pc-bn-Shpw \¬In ASp-Øp-Xs∂ Xmakn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. ]pcm-X-\-Ip-Spw-_w-K-ß-fp-ambn _‘w ]nSn®v Cßs\ Xma-kn-°p-∂Xv A-¥€ - mbn BWv ]cn-KW - n-°s - ∏-´n-cp-∂X - v. acp-a° - Ø - mbw A∂v henb kmaq-ly-kzm-[o-\-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ss{IkvXh `h-\ßfn¬t∏mepw AΩ-hoSpw AΩm-h∑ - mcpw s]ß-∑m-cpsS a°ƒ°v CjvSta-®n¬∏p-dhpw kz]n-Xm-hn-s\-°mƒ kz¥-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]nXr-`h - \ - p-ambn ssZ\w-Zn\ kº¿°w IΩn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ahn-sS-bp-≈-h-cp-ambn ASp∏w H´pw-Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-an-√. aØm-bnbpw hyXy-kvX-\mb Hcp ]nXm-hm-bn-cp-∂n-√.

IV.2 A∂

(V) 1 2 aØmbn ^m. FΩm-\p-h¬ Cu Zº-Xn-I-fpsS Cfb k¥m-\am-bn-cp∂p ^m. FΩm-\p-h¬ sIm®p-]p-Ø≥]p-c. sNº-cØn amWn IØ-\m¿°p-tijw 'ë sNº-cØn A®≥' F∂v Adn-b-s∏-´ {]ikvX {]kw-K-I-\m-bn-cp∂p At±lw. A∂bpsS aqØ aI-\m-bn-cp∂ aØm-bn°v c≠v B¨a-°fpw Ah¿°v \mep ktlm-Z-cn-am-cp-am-bn-cp∂p.

IV.1 Gen ap≠-bv°¬

V.3

aØmbn Xs‚ aqØ ]p{Xnsb Bc-°pg aWn-bm´p ap≠-bv°¬ hnhmlw Ign-∏n®v If-∏p-c-bn¬ ]pc-bn-SØn¬ sX°p`mKØv Xma-kn∏n®p. sXm´p-Xmsg D≠m-bn-cp∂ hbepw Ah¿°v \¬In. adn-b-Øns‚ Ime-tijw a°ƒ hkvXp-°fpw \nehpw h≠-a‰w hmWn-b-°n-g-t°¬ aØ≥]n-≈bv°v ssIam‰w sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ ssltd-©nepw a‰p-ambn \√-\n-e-bn¬ Ign™phcp∂p.

IV.2 A∂ sIm®p-]p-Ø≥]p-c-bn¬ Cfb aIƒ A∂sb h≠-a‰w hmWn-bI - n-gt- °¬ IpSpw-_Ø - nse Bdp ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cn¬ aØm-bnsbs°m≠mWv ]nXmhv IeymWw Ign∏n-®Xv. ZØm-bn-cp-∂p. tPyjvTktlm-Z-cn°v \¬Inb If-∏p-c-bn¬ ]dºns‚ hS-t°b‰w sXßn≥ ]pc-bn-Shpw, \S-bn-d-ßnbm¬ FØp∂ Ce-hn≥I-≠hpw \¬In. ZØp-\n∂ aØmbn°v `m-cym-]n-Xmhv Hcp ]pØ≥]p-cbpw ]WnXp \¬In. CXn-\Iw ]men-b-Ip-t∂¬ sIm®p-h¿°n Adbpw \nc-bp-ambn H‰ \ne-bn¬ Hcp hen-b-hoSv ]Wn-Xo¿Øv kz¥w Xd-hm-´n\pw C∂sØ sXmSp-]p-g ˛ DSp-º-∂q¿ tdmUn\pw sXm´v Xma-k-am-°n-bn-cp∂p. At±lØns‚ Cfb ]p{X≥ sIm®p-amXyp ]nev°m-eØv Xma-kn®n-cp∂ B hoSv "]pØ≥]p-cb - n¬' F∂mWv Ggp-ap-´Øv Adn-bs - ∏-´n-cp-∂Xv. X∑qew Ing-t°-S-Øn¬ aØmbn Xs‚ aIƒ°mbn A[nIw AI-se-b-√msX AtX tdmUns‚ ASpØp Xs∂ ]n∂oSv ]Wn Ign-∏n® hoSv ""sIm®p]p-Ø≥]p-cb - n¬'' F∂v Adn-bs - ∏´p. Imem-¥c - Ø - n¬ AXv ho´p-t]cmbn. 234

aØmbn (VI)

1 2 3 De-l-∂m≥ ss]en \mev s]¨a-°ƒ {ItaW Cu ÿew hn‰-tijw Ah-cpsS A\-¥-c-X-e-ap-d-Iƒ ae-_m-dnepw, ]md-tØm-´nepw, h≠-a-‰-Øp-ambn sIm®p-]p-Ø≥]pcbv°¬ F∂ ho´p-t]-cn¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn-®p-h-cp∂p.

IV.4 ss]en aØm-bn-bpsS GI-a-I≥ ss]en Fg-√q¿ Ic-bn¬ sIm∂-bv°¬ ho´n¬ tdmksb IeymWw Ign®v Ing-t°Sw sNº-cØn Xd-hm-´n¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn®p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v aq∂v a°-fm-bn-cp∂p.

IV.4 ss]en

(V) 1 aØmbn

2 sXmΩ≥

3 adnbw

V.5 adnbw ss]en-bpsS GI aIƒ adn-bsØ Icn-a-Æq¿ Ip∂-∏n-≈n¬ h¿°n hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v A∂-°p´n, tdmk, t]mƒ, adnbw, Gen, hrin F∂n-ßs\ Bdp a°-fm-bn-cp∂p. 235

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VII.8 aØ-®≥

V.6 aØmbn ss]en-bpsS ]p{X-\mb aØmbn Infn-b-d -Im-°-c-Ip-t∂¬ adnbsØ IeymWw Ign®p. Xd-hm-´n¬ Xs∂ Xmakw XpS¿∂p. aq∂v B¨a-°ƒ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p aØm-bn°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.

V.6 aØmbn 2 amWn

3 h¿°n

VI.7 ss]en (Hmen-∏md) Ipdp-ºm-e-a‰w F≈n¬ hmWn-b-In-g-t°¬ aØmbn˛adnbw aIƒ Gensb hnhmlw sNbvXv Ggp-ap-´Øp Xs∂ Xma-kn®p. Xd-hm´p ]pcnbn--Øns‚ hS°p Ings° `mK-Ømbn C∂sØ skmssk-‰n-bn¬ \n∂v kv I qfn- t - b v ° p≈ hgn- b - c n- I n¬ D≠m- b n- c p∂ ]mdbv°v kao]w hoSv h®v amdn-Xm-a-kn-®p. ]mdbv°-SpØv Hcp h‰mØ Dd-hbpw \oscm-gp°pw (Hmen) D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ ]mtd¬ AYhm Hmen∏mtd¬ Ing-t°Sw F∂v ss]en-bpsS `h\w Adnb-s∏-´p. Ch¿°v \mev B¨a-°f - m-bn-cp∂p. IqSp-X¬ Irjnÿe- ß ƒ Bh- i y- a mbn h∂- t ∏mƒ ss]enbpw a°ƒs°m∏w ae-_m-dn\p IpSn-tbdn ]m¿Øp. Ct∏mƒ t]cm-hq¿ sImf-°mSv Xma-kn°p∂p, 103 hb-€p-≠v.

VI.7 ss]en (VII) 1 aØ-®≥

2 sXmΩ-®≥

3 h°®≥

1 2 eoe A∏-®≥

3 amWn

4 5 t{Kkn X¶Ω

6 eqkn

7 tSman

8 9 tPmkv km_p

VIII .9 eoe (Gen)

(VI) 1 ss]en

(VIII)

sIm´n-bq¿ ]pØ≥]-dº - n¬ tPmk^v ˛ adnbw Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ tPmk^v, amXyp, Bi (tacn), B\µv (B‚Wn). F√m-hcpw hnhm-l-Po-hnXw \bn®v sIm´n-bqcpw ]cn-kcØpambn Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VIII .10 t{Kkn (t{Xky) ae-bw-]Sn ]qX-°p-gn-bn¬ h¿°n˛A∂ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tXma€v IeymWw sNbvXp. aIƒ _nµp (aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂p Sr. Linet), ss_Pp (h¿°n˛Zp-_mbv), _nPn (A∂), _n≥kn˛_mw•q¿.

VIII .11 X¶Ω ({_nPo‰v) Xp≠n-bn¬ CS-hI IZ-fn-bn¬ tPmk^v˛A∂ Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ hmh-®≥ (tXmakv) hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂p s]¨a-°ƒ Zo], Zo]vXn, Znhy. Ch¿ Ct∏mƒ I¿Æm-SI - Ø - n¬ _¬Øßm-Sn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p.

VIII .12 eqkn ta∏mSn ]≈n h≈n-°m´v Nmt°m˛adnbw Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ D√mkv (Nmt°m), ARvPp. eqkn

4 Ip™m∏v

VII.8 aØ-®≥

_m¶nepw tPm¿Pv t]meo-knepw tPmen sNøp-∂p.

VIII .13 A∏-®≥ (ss]en)

Np¶-°p∂v HmWn-tb-en¬ amWn˛Gen-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ adn- b sØ hnhmlw Ign®p. Xmakw t]cm- h q¿ ae- b m- º - S n- b n¬. Hº-Xp- a-°ƒ.

sImf-°mSv CS-hI tPmk^v ˛ A∂Ω Zº-Xn-If - psS aIƒ X¶Ω (tdmkΩ) sbbmWv A∏-®≥ hnhmlw Ign-®Xv. Ct∏mƒ {]apJ ]n.Uªyp.Un. tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿ BWv.

236

237

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

A∏-®\pw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

amWnbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

VIII .13 A∏-®≥

VIII.17 amWn

(IX)

(IX)

1 kt¥mjv

2 k‘y

3 kwKoX

IX .14 k‘y (tacn) B.Sc (Nursing) tImgn-t°mSv Hcp {]apJ ss{]h‰v Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬ tkh\w sNøp∂p.

IX .15 kwKoX (B·kv) t\gvknwKv ]T\-Øn\v tijw Xe-t»-cn-

1 jnØmc

2 anYn≥

VIII.18 t‰man (tXma€v) aØ-®s‚ aI≥ t‰man sIm´n-bq¿ CS-hI Ba-°mSv tXma€v ˛ Nn∂Ω aIƒ tdmk-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ aq∂v. s^_n≥ (am-Xyp), Pn_n≥ (tXm-a-kv), F_n≥ (tPm¿Pv).

bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

IX .16 kt¥mjv (amXyp) hnZym-`ym-km-\-¥cw Zp_m-bn¬ tPmen sNbvXp hcp∂p.

VIII.17 amWn aØ- ® s‚ c≠m- a sØ aI≥ amWn Xp≠n- b n¬ ]≈n If-∏p-c-bv°¬ tkhy¿˛Gen Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ sken (t{Xky) s\ hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]©m-bØv {]kn-U‚mbn Zo¿L-Imew {]ikvX ëít‰ma nbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn®p. a°ƒ aq∂v 238

3 {IntÃm

239

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.19 tPmkv

VII.21 sXmΩ-®≥

aØ-®s‚ aI≥ tPmkv KqU-√q¿ ]≈n sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ tPmk^v ˛ A∂Ω aIƒ en≥kn (eqkn) sb hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ c≠v kmw (amXyp), tkm\ (A∂Ω). tPmkv ae-bm-ºSn t]mÃv amÃdmbn tPmen sNøp-∂p.

Hmen-∏md ss]en-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI≥ sXmΩ-®≥ sImf-°mSv ap≠≥Nn-d-bn¬ aØmbn˛Gen Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ GeΩ (Gen) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. sXmΩ®≥ Hcp A]-I-S-Øn¬s∏´p acn®p. a°ƒ Bdv.

VII.21 sXmΩ-®≥

(VIII) 1 2 t__n tPmbn

3 _m_p

4 X¶-®≥

5 jmPn

6 en€n

VIII.22 en€n Ccn´n ASpØv Aßm-Sn-°-Shv s]mSn-]md tPmk^v ˛ A∂Ω Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ km_p (tPmk^v) hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ A£bv (tPmk^v), Ahn-\miv (tXma€v). c≠p t]cpw ]Tn-°p∂p. Ct∏mƒ _mw•q-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. tPmkpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

VIII.20 km_p (tPm¿÷v) aØ-®s‚ Cfb aI≥ km_p Np¶-°p-∂p-]≈n CS-hI ]c-Ø\m¬ tPmkv˛h’Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ kz]v\sb hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ: Ae≥ (amXyp), sFhn≥ (tPmk^v), Ahn\ (a-cn-b) IpSpw_-k-taXw Zp_m-bn¬.

VIII.23 t__n (ss]en) sIm´n-bq¿ ]≈n CS-hI Imfn-bm-\n-°¬ Ipcym-t°mkv˛kmdmΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ h’Ω (t{Xky) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ip´n-Iƒ aq∂v. hn]n≥ (tXm-a-kv), PnXn≥ (Ip-cym-t°m-kv), dnb (F-en-k-_-Øv). hn]n\v _mw•q-cn¬ tPmen-bm-Wv.

km_phpw kz]v\bpw t__nbpw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw 240

241

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.24 tPmbn (amXyp)

VIII.26 X¶-®≥

tPmbn sImf-°m´v ap´Øv tPm¿÷v˛Gen-bmΩ aIƒ tdmk-Ωsb IeymWw Ign®p. a°ƒ c≠v. tXmakv, Aeo\ (Fen-k-_Øv). c≠pt]cpw ]≈n-°q-S-Øn¬ t]mIp∂p. tPmbn sImf-°m´v SuWn¬ _nkn\€v \S-Øp∂p.

sXmΩ-®s‚ \mem-asØ aI≥ sImf-°mSv CS-hI sXt°-SØv tPm¨˛Gen-bmΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ an\n (Pko¥) sb IeymWw Ign®p. a°ƒ aq∂v. A\p-tamƒ (F-en-k-_-Øv), acnb eo\kv, A∏p. aq∂p-t]cpw ]Tn-°p∂p.

tPmbnbpw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw

X¶-®\pw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw

VIII.25 _m_p (tPm¿÷v)

VIII.27 jmPn

sIm´n-bq¿ ]≈n CS-hI aÆq¿ tPm¨˛tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ t{Kkn (t{XkymΩ) sb _m_p hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ c≠v. k®n≥ (tXm-a-kv), km{µ (F-en-k-_-Øv). c≠p t]cpw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ. _m_phn\v sImf-°m´v kz¥-ambn _nkn-\-€p-≠v.

jmPn sImf-°mSv Imcn-°p-t∂¬ tPmkv ˛ tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ Bim acnb (tdmk) sb hnhmlw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. GI aI≥ Bjnkv (tXma€v). jmPn Xmcm-∏q¿ A‰-anIv dnk¿®v sk‚dn¬ (B.A.R.C.) tPmen sNbvXp-h-cp-∂p.

_m_phpw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw

jmPnbpw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw

242

243

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.28 h°-®≥

VIII.32 tPmhm-®≥ (tPm¿÷v)

Hmen-∏md ss]en-bpsS aq∂m-asØ aI≥ h°-®≥ sImf-°mSv CS-hI Ip∂-Øp-t»-cn¬ h¿°n˛A∂Ω aIƒ Nn∂Ω (A∂Ω) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. h°-®≥ AIm-e-arXyp AS™p. a°ƒ Bdp -t]cp≠v

Aºm-bn-tØmSv N{µ≥-Ip-t∂¬ Ip™m∏v (tPmk^v)˛tacn ZºXn-I-fpsS aIƒ en√n (Gen-°p´n) sb hnhmlw Ign-®n-cn-°p∂p. a°ƒ c≠v. A\oj (A-∂-Ω), A\q]v (tPm¿Pv). c≠p-t]cpw ]Tn-°p∂p.

VII.28 h°-®≥

(VIII) 1 h’Ω

2 X¶-®≥

3 4 tPmhm-®≥ Ip´n-b-®≥

5 6 Cu∏-®≥ kn¬hn

VIII.29 h’Ω (Gen-°p´n) Np¶-°p∂v CS-hI sIm´m-cØ - n¬ aØmbn˛tdmkΩ Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ jnPn, joPm, jntPm. tPmh-m®\pw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw

VIII.30 kn¬hn (t{XkymΩ) VIII.31 X¶-®≥ (ss]en)

VIII.33 Ip´n-b-®≥ (amXyp)

X¶-®≥ ss]k-°-cn-]≈n hb-en¬ sk_m-Ãy≥˛GeΩ Zº-XnIfpsS aIƒ tagvkn (GeΩ) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ip´nIƒ aq∂v. F√m-hcpw ]Tn-°p∂p.

Xmg-Øp-ho-´n¬ Nmt°m˛tacn Zº-Xn-If - psS aIƒ eqkΩ (eqkn) bmWv `mcy. a°ƒ aq∂v t]¿. {]nb (A-∂Ω - ), {InÃo\ (a-cn-b), A]¿Æ (A¬t^m≥km) ]Tn-°p-∂p.

Ip´n-b-®\pw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw X¶-®\pw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw 244

245

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.34 Cu∏-®≥

VIII.36 s_∂n

h°-®s‚ Cfb aI≥ Cu∏-®≥.

Im´n-aq-e ]≈n CS-hI an‰-Øm-\n-°¬ tPmk^v˛adn-bmΩ ZºXn-If - psS aIƒ tkm^n-bmsb IeymWw sNbvXp. a°ƒ c≠v Asse≥, tPmk^v.

VIII.37 sP€n hb-\mSv ap≈≥sIm-√n-bn¬ Xncp-lr-Z-b-a-T-Øn¬ AwK-ambn tN¿∂n-cn-°p∂p.

VIII.38 en≥kn (Sr. Anila) Xncp-lr-Zb aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂v Ct∏mƒ B{‘-{]-tZ-in¬ anj-≥ cwKØv tkh\w sNøp∂p.

Cu∏-®≥ AΩ-tbm-sSm∏w

VIII.39 _nPp

VII.35 Ip™m∏v (tPmk^v) Hmen-∏md ss]en-bpsS Cfb aI≥ Ip™m∏v Aºm-bn-tØmSv Ce-™n-a-‰-Øn¬ tPmk^v˛adnbw aIƒ t{Xkym-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ A©v.

Fd-Wm-Ip-fØp tPmen sNøp∂p. Ahn-hm-ln-X-\mWv.

VIII.40 _nµp Xp≠n-bn¬ ]≈n CS-hI sIm≈n sImf-hn¬ tPmk^v˛adnbw Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ jmPp hnhmlw Ign®p.

VI.41 amWn Hmen-∏md Ing-t°-SØ - nse aØm-bn-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI≥ amWn Icn-aÆ - q¿ Ip∂-Øp-ho-´n¬ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v adnbw (tacn) Gen, A∂ F∂o aq∂p s]¨a-°ƒ am{X-amWv D≠m-bn-cp∂Xv. Ch-cn¬ Cfb ktlm-Zcn A∂ sNdp-∏-Ønse acn-®p-t]mbn. amWnbpw, Gsd Xma-kn-bmsX `mcybpw, a°ƒ {]mb-]q¿Ønbm-Ip∂-Xn\p aptº AIm-eN - c - aw {]m]n®p. tPyjvTk - t- lm-Zc - ≥ ss]enbpsS kwc-£-W-Ønemb aqØ aIƒ tacn I\yIm aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂p. Gensb hnhmlw Ign®b®p. Gen IWn-®m¬ `mKØv Xma-kn-°p-∂p. aq∂mWpw \mev s]Æpw. Gen-bpsS `¿Ømhv tPmk^v acn-®p-t]m-bn.

Ip™m∏pw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw

VII.35 Ip™m∏v

VI.42 h¿°n

(VIII) 1 s_∂n

2 sP€n

3 en≥kn 246

4 _nPp

5 _nµp

aØm- b n- b psS Cf- b - a- I ≥ h¿°n s\ø- t »- c n- b n¬ \n∂pw hnhmlw Ign®p. Gsd Xma-kn-bmsX acWw {]m]n®p. 247

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

V.43 sXmΩ≥

VI.47 t{Xkym-°p´n

Ing-t°-S-w Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-k-amb ss]en-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI≥ sXmΩ≥ apX-e-t°mSw Ic-bn¬ Iq\w-am-°¬ (hen-b-ho-´n¬) sXmΩ≥ ˛ adnbw Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tdmksb hnhmlw Ign®p. {]i-kvX-\mb henbho´n¬ sXmΩ≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-¿ k¿-°m-cn¬ ‘amk∏Sn’°mc-\mbn DtZymKw t\m°n-bn-cp-∂p. a°ƒ HºXv.

Nmem-t»cn IWn-∏n-≈n¬ De-l-∂ms‚ aI≥ Ip™q™v (Del-∂≥) hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ \mev. eqkn, s]ÆΩ, PntPm, tamfn

Ct∏mƒ Ing-t°-S-Øn¬ sXmΩ≥ a°fpw sIm®p-a-°-fp-samØv tImgn-t°mSv Pn√-bnse Xncp-hm-ºm-Sn°v kao]w I√p-cp-´n-bn¬ \√ \nebn¬ Ign-bp-∂p.

VI.49 ss]en

1

2

3

4

VI.48 Ip™p-s]Æv ({_nPo‰v) Ce™n sXma-c° - m-´n¬ aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw Sn Ic-bn¬ tXm´-Øn¬ adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aI≥ ]m∏≥ (aØmbn) hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ s_∂n, _mPn, km_p, jn_p, _nPp.

V.43 sXmΩ≥

sXmΩs‚ aqØ-a-I≥ ss]en Ggp-ap´w ap≠-bv°¬ De-l-∂t‚bpw \mK-∏pg Xmgp-tØ-SØv A∂-bp-tSbpw aIƒ A∂sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v aq∂p a°ƒ.

(VI)

VI.49 ss]en

5

6

7

8

(VII)

9

ss]entXma€v amWn adnbw h¿§okv A∂-°p´n Gen-°p´n t{Xkym-°p´n Ip™p-s]Æv

VI.44 adnbw

1 tXmakv

2 tPm¨

3 tacn

VII.50 tacn

adn-bsØ DSp-º-∂q¿ Ic-bn¬ AS-∏qcv aØmbn˛tdmk aI≥ Ip™w-h¿°n (h¿°n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ tdmk-°p´n, tXdp°p´n, tPmbn, X¶Ω, h’Ω, Ip´n-bΩ, t‰mWn (\ncym-X-\mbn), jnPp, tj¿en, jm‚n F∂n-h-cmWv.

tImS-t©cn ItÆmØv CS-hI aÆqcv aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw tIfIØv adn-b° - p-´n-bp-tSbpw aI≥ h¿°n IeymWw Ign®p. a°ƒ A©.v tdmbn (amXyp), Pm≥kn (tacn), kn¬hn (A∂), sU∂n (^ntem-an\), enj (Pko¥)

VI.45 A∂-°p´n

VII.51 tXma€v (]m∏-®≥)

Ggp-ap´w Xpd-bv°¬ Hutk^v˛A∂ aI≥ kvIdnb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ F´v. Nn∂Ω (A∂-°p´n) Ip™v (tXma€v), t{Kkn, eqkn, en√n, sUbn-kΩ, s_∂n (h¿Kokv). sdPn (tPmk^v) Ahn-hmln-X\ - m-bn-cns° acWw {]m]n®p. Ggp-ap-´Øv ss_]mkv tdmUn\p Ing°mbn Xma-kn-°p∂p.

s\ø-t»cn CS-hI Ip∂Øv BKkvXn˛Gen-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ Gen-°p-´n-sb-bmWv hnhmlw sNbvXXv. a°ƒ A©mWv.

VI.46 Gen-°p´n

VII.51 tXma€v (VIII) 1 ss]en

2 B\okv

3 Gen

4 tkmWn

5 kntdmjv

VIII.52 B\okv

Bthmen sXmgm-en¬ amWn-bp-tSbpw, apX-Ip-t∂¬ adn-bm-Ω-bptSbpw aI≥ Ipcy≥ (Ipcym-t°mkv) hnhmlw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. a°ƒ tPmWn, sPbnwkv, tacn, Ip™q™v Ch-cn-t∏mƒ hb-\m-´n¬ Xma-kn°p∂p.

\ne-ºq¿ CSshÆ CS-hI sh´n-°pgn ^nen∏v˛ Gen-°p´n Zº-XnI-fpsS aI≥ ssa°nƒ hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ aq∂v s^enIvkv (^nen∏v) Nmƒkv (tXmakv) hneywkv (ssa°nƒ).

248

249

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.53 Gen (jmen) IqS-e™n CS-hI ]pd-tØ´v tXmakv˛adnbw Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ ss]tem-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ aq∂v {io\ (adnbw), tkmWnbm (Gen), tUmW.

VIII.59 kndn¬ (tPm¨) M.Tech. -t_mws_ I.I.T bn¬ \n∂pw F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv Ign™v Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn°-bnse sadn-em‚n¬ tPmen-bmWv. sdmam\n Ubm\bmWv `mcy. Ah¿ {^oem≥kv {Sm≥k-te-‰¿ BWv.

VIII.54 ss]en (Ip™-®≥)

VI.60 tXma€v (Ip™v)

]\w-Iq´n CS-hI s]mcn-a‰- Ø - n¬ F{_mlw˛cma-]pcw CS-a\ - t- icn adnbw aIƒ t{Xkysb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ aq∂v. A\njvI (F¬kn), Aeo\ (ta-cn), AJn-\mjv (tXm-a-kv). F√m-hcpw ]Tn-°p∂p.

sXmΩs‚ c≠m-asØ aI≥ tXmakv (Ip™v) Ce™n Ic-bn¬ Xqa-c-°m-´n¬ aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw tXm´-Øn¬ adn-b-Øns‚bpw aIƒ t{Xkysb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ ]Xn-s\m∂v D≠v. Ct∏mƒ a°fpw sIm®p-a-°-fp-samØv tImgn-t°mSv Pn√-bnse I√p-cp-´n-bn¬ \√ \nebn¬ Ign-bp∂p.

VIII.55 tkmWn (BKkvXn) tkmWn tImX-s\-√q¿ CS-hI ]≈n-∏-d-ºn¬ h¿°n˛{_nPo‰v ZºXn-I-fpsS aIƒ tdmk-Ωsb hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ c≠v kvt\l (Fen-k-_-Øv), kmw (tXm-a-kv). Ct∏mƒ akvI‰nemWvv.

VIII.56 kntdmjv (tXmakv) tX°pw-Ip‰n CS-hI Ipf-Øn-\m¬ tPm¿Pv˛adnbw aIƒ Umenbsb hnhmlw Ign®p. aIƒ e\. Ipssh-‰n¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

VII.57 tPm¨ (Ip™q-™v) ss]en-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI\pw ]m∏-®s‚ ktlm-Z-c-\p-amb tPm¨ sNºp-I-Shv CS-hI ap≠-bv°¬ Ipcy≥˛tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ B\n (A∂-°p´n)sb hnhmlw Ign®p. tPm¨ dnk¿∆v _m¶v Hm^v C¥y-bn¬ amt\-P-cmbn C¥y-bpsS hnhn[ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ tPmen sNbvXp. kzbw hnc-an-°¬ (hn.B¿.Fkv.) ]≤-Xn-{]-Imcw tPmenbn¬ \n∂v ]ncn™v Ct∏mƒ I√p-cp´nbn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. a°ƒ c≠v.

VII.57 tPm¨

(VIII) 1 skdojv

2 kndn¬

VIII.58 skdojv (ss]en) B.Tech. F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv ]T\w Ign™v Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Nn°mtKm-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. `mcy, IhnX M.Tech., M.S. BWv. a°ƒ HcmWpw Hcp s]Æpw. 250

VI.60 tXmakv (VII) 1 tdmk

2 tXma€v

7 tPmkv

3 GeΩ 8 tPm¿÷v

4 aØ-®≥ 9 t{Kkn

5 6 ]utemkv ^ntem-an\ 10 11 sPbnwkv ]ufn

VII.61 tdmk Gg-√q¿ CS-hI sIm∂-bv°¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ A©v. h’, tUmfn. tSman, tUmfnPn, cmPp.

VII.62 GeΩ tImX-aw-Kew s\√n-a-‰Øp \n∂pw tImgn-t°mSv Nne-hq¿ Xma-kam-°nb Bepw-]-d-ºn¬ Hutk-∏n-s‚bpw hmteØv tdmk-Ω-bp-tSbpw aI≥ aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°-fn√. Ct∏mƒ Xncp-hm-ºm-Sn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p.

VII.63 t{Kkn Xncp-hm-ºmSn ]p∂-bv°¬ CS-hI IÆw-Nnd tZhky˛A∂Ω ZºXn-I-fpsS aI≥ t‰man-bmWv `¿Ømhv. a°ƒ a\p-cmPv, cmPv taml≥, iin-Ie, kvt\l-eX.

VII.64 ^ntem-an\ th\-∏md IWn-bm-a‰- Ø - n¬ BKkvXn˛{_nPo‰v Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ 251

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

dmt^¬ hnhmlw Ign®p. Ip´n-Iƒ C√. Ct∏mƒ IqS-c-™n-bn¬ BWv Xma-kw.

VII.65 ]ufn Ggp-ap´w Nmem-t»cn Ic-bn¬ ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ Nmt°m˛A∂ ZºXn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p-t]cpw Im\-U-bn¬ tPmen-bnencn-°p∂p. a°ƒ c≠v, t{Xky, A∂

VII.66 tXma€v (Ip™q™v) Xncp-hm-ºmSn Ic-bn¬ an‰-Øm-\n-°¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw s\Sp-¶t√¬ t{Xky-bp-tSbpw aIƒ I{Xo-\sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Xmakw tImgn-t°mSv Pn√-bnse B\n-bv°mw-s]m-bn¬ BWv Xmakw. 2003¬ ac-W-a-S-™p.

jmPphpw IpSpw-_hpw

VII.68 tPm¿÷v tXma-kns‚ aI≥ tPm¿÷v B\n-bv°mw-s]m-bn¬ ISn-Øm-\Øv tamfn (A∂Ω) sb hnhmlw Ign®p. a°-fn√. Xncp-hm-ºm-Sn-bn¬ Xmakn-®n-cp∂p. acn-®p-t]mbn.

VII.69 aØ-®≥ M.A. No\n-°p-gn- ]≈n CS-hI tNcn-bn¬ aØmbn˛adnbw Zº-Xn-If - psS aIƒ Gen-°p-´nsb hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ c≠v jmPp (tXmakv), joe (t{Xky). Ct∏mƒ Im\-U-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. aØ-®≥ kmº-Øn-Ii - m-kv{X-Øn¬ tKmƒUv saU-temsSbmWv tIcf k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂v 1967-˛68¬ ]co£ ]mkm-b-Xv.

Ip™q™pw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

VII.66 tXmakv

(VIII) 1 jmPp

2 cmPp

3 kPn

VIII.67 jmPp th\-∏md CS-hI tX°-\m´v tPmk^v ˛ adnbw Zº-Xn-If - psS aIƒ sUbvknsb hnhmlw Ign-®p. Xncp-hm-ºm-Sn-bn-emWv Xma-kn-°p-∂Xv. a°ƒ ko\, Znhy, \ho≥. 252

aØ-®\pw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw 253

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.70 ]utemkv

VI.75 amWn (Ip-™p-am-Wn)

Icn-a-Æq¿ ]≈n-bv°m-ap-dn-bn¬ ]Sn-™m-td¬ amWn-bp-tSbpw Sn Ic-bn¬ If-∏p-c-bn¬ tacn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ t{Xkym-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. B\n-bv°mw-s]m-bn¬ BWv Xma-kn°p∂Xv. a°ƒ A©v. 2006 am¿®n¬ Ncaw {]m]n-®p.

sXmΩs‚ XrXob k¥m-\-amb amWn Ggp-ap´w ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ BKkvXn ˛ adnbw Zº-Xn-If - psS aIƒ Gen-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v Bdv a°-fp≠v. amWn apX-e-t°m-S-Øn\p kao]w Ip∂Øp Xma-kn-®ph-csh 2002 am¿®v 17 \v hm¿≤-Iy-kl - P - a - mb AkpJ-sØ- Xp-S¿∂v \ncymWw {]m]n-®p.

VII.70 ]utemkv

(VIII) 1 tPmjn

2 am\p-h¬

3 Pbvk¨

4 tj¿en

5 knknen

VII.71 tPmkv Xncp-hm-ºmSn IqS-c™n Ic-bn¬ Ipgn-ºn¬ ]pXn-bn-S-Øp-Nm-en¬ amWn-bp-tSbpw, ]ngIv ISp-I-Ωm-°¬ No¶-t√¬ Gen-bp-tSbpw aIƒ Nn∂-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ \mev. Xmakw B\n-bv°mw-s]mbn¬.

VII.71 tPmkv

(VIII) 1 kn‘p

2 \Zo≥

3 Km©kv

Ip™p-am-Wnbpw Gen-bm-Ωbpw 4 bap\

VIII.72 kn‘p tImgn-t°mSv amhq¿ ]≈n CS-hI hcn-bv°-bn¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw Ign®p. c≠p-t]cpw A_p-Zm-_n-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. GI aI≥ tPmkv

VIII.73 \Zo≥ Np¶-°p∂v CS-hI hS-°b - n¬ amXyp˛A∂Ω Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ am¿´n≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. \Zo≥ Ct∏mƒ e≠-\n¬ tPmen-bnencn°p∂p. Hcp aI≥ dmƒ^v amXyp. VII.74 Pbnwkv Xncp-hm-ºmSn Iqºmd CS-hI am{]-bn¬ tPmk^v ˛ adn-bΩ ZºXn-I-fpsS aIƒ Pa-bmWv `mcy. PÃn\pw sPbn\pw a°ƒ. sPbn≥ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kn\p ]Tn-°p∂p. Pa Im\-U-bn¬ t\gvkmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. 254

VI.75 amWn

(VII) 1

2

3

4

5

6

tXmakv

AK-Ãn≥

tPmkv

tacn-Zmkv

sP€n

tkman

VII.76 tacn-Zmkv aqhm-‰p-]pg kuØv amdm-Sn-bn¬ hmtØm-en-bn¬ aØmbn˛Gen°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ Bi, At\mjv F∂n-h-cmWv.

VII.77 sP€n (tdmkv am\nwKv) I´-∏\ CS-hI s]cp-a\ tP°_v ˛ {_nPoØ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tSmWn (tXmakv) hnhmlw Ign®p. c≠p-t]cpw sslkv°q-fn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. a°ƒ lWnbpw lm≥kpw. Ct∏mƒ apX-e-t°m-SØp Xmakn-°p-∂p. 255

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.78 tkman

VII.82 AK-Ãn≥ sNº-cØn (]m∏p-Ip™v) B.Sc., B.Ed.

Ahn- h m- l n- X - b mWv . AΩ- b p- s amØv Cfb ktlm- Z - c ≥ tPmkns\m∏w apX-e-t°m-SØv Xma-kn-°p∂p.

Icn-a-Æq¿ Ip∂-∏n-≈n¬ ss]en˛A∂-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ ^ntem-an-\sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v a°ƒ aq∂.v Zo¿LImew P¿Ω-\n-bn-¬ tPmen sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Beq-hm-bn¬ Xma-khpw _nkn-\€pw.

VII.79 tXmakv (tXmwk¨ sNº-cØn) B.Com. ]mem IqS-°-®nd Acp-hn-bn¬ tPmk^v˛Gen-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ t{Xkym-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v a°ƒ c≠v. tXmakv F.A.C.T bn¬ U]yq´n ^n\m≥kv amt\-Pc - m-bn-cp∂p. t{XkymΩ Kh¨sa‚ v k¿∆o-kn¬ \n∂pw s]≥j≥ ]‰n. Ct∏mƒ Bep-hm-bn¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-amWv. a°ƒ c≠v.

]m∏p-Ip™pw Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ßfpw

VII.82 AK-Ãn≥ (VIII) tXmakpw Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ßfpw

VII.79 tXmakv

(VIII) 1 t_m_n≥

2 tPm_n≥

1 PnΩn

2 \Zn≥

3 at\mPv

VIII.83 PnΩn (Fen-k-_Øv) tUm. kvanX sNº-cØn M.D. Nß- \ m- t »cn InS- ß d Xpcp- Ø p- a m- e n- b n¬ DΩ≥tXmakv˛t{XkymΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tUm. sPbnwkv tXmakv M.D., D.M. hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. a°ƒ sXtck, tkdm, l∂.

VIII.80 t_m_n≥ B.Com.

VIII.84 \Zn≥ (A∂) B.Tech.

ho´n¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w Ign-bp∂p.

Fd-Wm-Ipfw If-a-t»cn ssX°q-´-Øn¬ Cu∏≥˛Fen-k-_Øv Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ At\mjv amXyp (F≥Pn-\o-b¿) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccp-hcpw sslZ-cm-_m-Zn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. amXyqkv, Sm\nb a°ƒ.

VIII.81 tPm_n≥ M.C.A. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Astoria Federal Bank ¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. tIm´bw Ipf-Øp-h-b¬ hmWn-b-∏p-c-bv°¬ tXmakv ˛ tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ sP∂nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. sP-∂nbpw Ata-cn-°-bn-em-Wv. 256

VIII.85 at\mPv (FΩm-\p-th¬) tUm. at\mPv sNº-cØn Idp- I p- ‰ n ss]\m- S Øv h¿§o- k v - ˛ - t acn aIƒ kpan(M.Sc.)sb 257

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.90 hdp-Kokv

hnhmlw sNbvXp. at\mPv Ct∏mƒ M.B.B.S. Ign™v Bep-hm-bn¬ tPmen sNbvXp hcp∂p.

VII.86 tPmkv sX∂-Øq¿ ]≈n CS-hI dmØ-∏n-≈n¬ tPmk^v˛Gen-°p´n ZºXn-I-fpsS aIƒ h’sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmkv h’ Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v a°ƒ aq∂v. _n]n≥, Pn]n≥, _nPn.

(VII) 1 2 tXmakv tP°_v

3 ss]en

4 amWn

5 tdmkΩ

6 tPmWn

7 tPm¿÷v

VII.91 tdmkΩ sX∂-Øq¿ dmØ-∏n-≈n¬ h¿°n-bp-sSbpw Ieq¿ AS-∏qcv Genbp-sSbpw aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw Ign®p. Ct∏mƒ sImX-Ip-Øn-bn¬ (imkvXmw-]md) Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPmkv tIcf t]meokv tk\-bn¬ tPmen t\m°n s]≥j-\mbn. a°ƒ tPm_n≥, tagvkn, Pq_n,

VII.92 tXma€v tPmkpw IpSpw-_hpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w

VII.86 tPmkv

(VIII) 1

2

3

_n_n≥

Pn_n≥

_nPn

Nmem-t»cn ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ tPmWn-t‚bpw Nnehv If-∏p-c-bn¬ A∂-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. C¥y≥ anen-‰-dn-bn¬ tkh\w sNøp-∂X - n-\n-Sb - n¬ eUm-°v, Im¿Kn¬, \o^m, PΩp & Imivao¿ XpS-ßnb kwL¿j taJ-e-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p. C¥y-˛-]m-°n-ÿm≥-˛_w-•m-tZiv bp≤-ap-∂-Wn-I-fnse {]ikvX tkh\w ]cn-K-Wn®v cmjv{S]-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw {]iwkm ]{Xhpw saU-ep-Ifpw t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v.

VIII.87 _n_n≥ Fw.-_n.-F. Iqh-∏-≈n¬ Imc-°m´v tXmakv ˛ sXømΩ aIƒ aRvPp-hns\ hnhmlw sNbv X p. _n.- F - k v . - k n. t\gv k m- W v . Ccp- h cpw Ct∏mƒ Ab¿e‚n¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. GIaI≥ dnbm≥.

VIII.88 Pn_n≥ Fw.-_n.-F.°v kvtImSve‚n¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.

VIII.89 _nPn sXmSp- ] pg sF.- F - ® v . - B ¿.- U n- b n¬ _n.- F - k v . - k n. Iºyq- ´ ¿ hnZym¿∞n-\n-bm-Wv.

VI.90 h¿§okv (Ip™p-]m-∏≥)

tXma€pw a°fpw t]c-°p-´nIfpw

Ing-t°Sw sXmΩs‚ Cfb aI≥ Ip™p-]m-∏≥ I√q¿°mSv amS∏n-≈n-°p-t∂¬ Nmt°m˛adnbw Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ A∂-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ Ggv.

B¿anbn¬ \n∂v hnc-an-®-tijw kn.-sF.-F-kv.-F^v¬ Fkv.-sF. Bbn tN¿∂v C¥y-bnse hnhn[ kot]m¿´v , Fb¿t]m¿´p-If - n¬ tkh\-a-\p-jvTn-®p. s\Sp-ºm-t»cn Fb¿t]m¿´n¬ \n∂pw s]≥j≥ ]‰n 42 h¿jsØ tkh-\-Øn-\p-tijw Ct∏mƒ sXmSp-]pg Imcn-t°m-Sp≈ {]nb-Z¿in\n tImf-\n-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. a°ƒ c≠v.

258

259

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VII.98 ss]en (ss]tem-®≥)

VII.92 tXma€v

Gg-√q¿ amWn-°p-t∂¬ Nmt°m˛tdmk aIƒ tdmk-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. t_mws_-bn¬ {_o®v Im≥Un tlmkv]n-‰-en¬ \gvkmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. aIƒ B·kv (P-\n-tamƒ).

(VIII) 1 Pbvtamƒ

2 kntdmjv

VIII.93 sPbvtamƒ BSc (N)

VII.99 amWn-®≥ (amWn)

tImg-t©cn ]qX-°p-gn-bn¬ tXmakv AΩnWn aI≥ jn_p hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Ccp-hcpw Ab¿e≥Un¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

IpS-e™ n-bn¬ ]qhm-dw-tXmSv Ic-bn¬ t]∏-Xn-bn¬ amXyp adnbw aIƒ eqknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ tImgn-t°mSv Pn√m Xncp-hmºmSn apØm≥]p-g- I-c-bn¬ Xma-kn-bv°p∂p. a°ƒ aq∂v. _n\n¬, Pnj, Po\. _n\n¬ Hm^v sk‰v {]n‚nwKv ]Tn®v Ct∏mƒ Ipssh-‰n¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. Pnj (dmWn) B.Com. ]mkmb-tijw I.A.T.A. tImgvkv Ign™v t_mws_-bn¬ tPmen. Po\ P\-d¬ t\gvknwKv Ign™v t_mws_-bn¬ tPmen-bm-Wv.

VIII.94 kntdmjv (h¿§okv) BSc., B.P.T. Ct∏mƒ bp.-sI.-bn¬ ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-∏n-Ãmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. IÆq¿ Pn√-bn¬ tIf-Iw-I-cbn¬ I™n-°p-gn-bn¬ Nmt°m aIƒ dntPmsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. dntPm e≠-\n¬ \gvkmbn tPmen-bn-en-cn°p∂p.

VII.95 tP°_v (Nmt°m-®≥) hmg-°p-fØp \n∂pw tImgn-t°mSv IqS-c-™n-bn¬ Xma-kn°pw ]pXn-bn-SØp ho´n¬ BK-kvXn-bp-tSbpw Imh-°mSv GS-Ø-t´¬ adn-b°p´n-bpsSbpw aIƒ eoemΩ (t{Xky°p´n) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A_p-Zm-_n-bn¬ t\gvknwKv Syq´¿ Bbn-cp∂p. Nmt°m-®≥ C¥y≥ t\hn-bnse tkh-\Ø - n-\p-tijw `mc-Xob kap-{Z-Xoc kwc-£W tk\bn¬ Hm^o-k¿ Bbncns° dn´-b¿ sNbvXp. a°ƒ \nΩn & knΩn tdmWn & tkmWn Cc-´-I-fmWv.

VII.100 tPmWn DSp-º-∂q¿ ]p√m-´p-Ip-Sn-bn¬ Hutk^v˛tdmk aIƒ eoesb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ aq∂v. Ggp-ap-´Øv Xma-kn-°p∂p. a°ƒ tkmWnb, knt\mƒ, sa¿en≥. tkmWnb P\-d¬ t\gvknwKv Ign™v Ct∏mƒ t_mws_-bn¬ tPmen-bm-Wv.

VII.95 tP°_v (VIII) 1 knΩn

2 \nΩn

3 tdmWn

4 tkmWn

VIII.96 knΩn B.E. (B≥kn) Nß-\mt»cn ss]°mSv h¿Kokv˛adn-bmΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ kntPmbv (F-©n-\o-b¿) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccp-hcpw C≥t^m-kn-kn¬ ]q\-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

VIII.97 \nΩn (tagvkn) B.E. Beph ]d-hq¿ tdm°n˛A®mΩ aI≥ tPm (Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ F≥Pn\o-b¿) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Zp_m-bnbn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. tkmWnbpw tdmWnbpw F©n-\o-b-dn-ßn\v ]Tn-°p∂p.

tPmWnbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

260

261

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.101 tPm¿÷v B.A., Dip. Mech. D’man. tPm¿÷v t_mws_-bn¬ B.A.R.C. ¬ kb‚n-^nIv Akn-kv‰‚mbn tPmen t\m°p∂p. Xriq¿ ISve∏q Ic-bn¬ Im´mw-tIm-´n¬ Nmt°m ˛ t{Xkym aIƒ en€nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. t_mws_-bn¬ t\gvkm-bncp∂p. enkn A]-I-S-Øn¬ acn®p. a°ƒ tPmPn≥, A¿en≥. c≠pt]cpw ]Tn-°p∂p tPm¿÷v ]n∂oSv tImgn-t°mSv Xncp-hm-ºmSn Xc-Wn-bn¬ ]utemkv ˛ tdmb¬ aIƒ knkn-ensb hnhmlw Ign®p. knkn-en IqS-e™n lb¿ sk-°‚dn kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. a°ƒ˛ Acp¨, sIhn≥. Acp¨ F©n-\n-b-dnw-Kn\v ]Tn-°p-∂p.

5 tIm{]Øv ˛ amπm-t»-cn¬ Ggp-ap´w sNº-cØn Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-k-amb h¿°n-bpsS (adpI≥) c≠v B¨a-°-fn¬ aqØ- aI\m-bn-cp∂ Ipcy-\mWv Cu imJbpsS ÿm]-I≥. \mK-∏pg Ing-t°-SØv Nmt°m BK-kvXn-bpsS aIƒ A∂sb Ipcy≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ah¿°v h¿°n GI k¥m-\-ambn-cp∂p. ]p{X-\p-≠mbn Gsd sshImsX Ipcy≥ \ncym-X\ - mbn. XpS¿∂v A∂ hoSv hn´v ]nXr`-h\ - a - mb \mK-∏pg Ing-t°-SØv ho´ntebv°v kz]p{X-s\m∏w amdn Xma-kn-®p.

IV-1 Ipcy≥ (V)

V-2˛ h¿°n

h¿°n

{]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xns\ XpS¿∂v h¿°n ta°p-t∂¬ aØm-bnbpsS aIƒ Gensb hnhmlw sNbvXv AΩ ho´n¬ \n∂pw In´nb ho´n¬ amdn Xma-k-ambn. B ho´p-t]-cmWv tIm{]Øv AYhm amπmt»-cn¬. h¿°n°v Abv]v F∂ H‰ ]p{X≥ am{X-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

V.2 h¿°n (VI) Abv∏v

VI.3 Abv∏v A≤zm-\n-bmb Abv]v BIs´ {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-b-t∏mƒ \mK-∏pg-bn¬ \n∂p AIse A√mØ Ing-°≥ Ieq-cn-tebv°v IpSn-tbdn hoSv h®v Xma-k-ambn. Ieq¿ amdm-´n¬ Ipcy≥ aIƒ tdmksb hnhmlhpw sNbvXp. B Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v Bdv k¥m-\-߃ D≠m-bn-cp∂p. 262

263

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VIII.11 _m_p

VI.3 Abv]v (VII) 1 Gen-°p´n

2 Ipcy≥

3 Abv]v

4 hdp-Kokv

5 amXyp

6 amWn

tXm´p- a p°w CS- h I Im´p- I - ≠ - Ø n¬ aØm- b n- b psS aIƒ enknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Xma-ct- »-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. c≠v s]¨a°ƒ.

VII.4 Gen-°p´n

VII.12 Abv]v

Acn°pg sX≈n-bm-¶¬ Abv]ns‚ aI≥ h¿°n Gen-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Gsd Xma-kn-bmsX B ktlm-Zcn acn-®p-t]mbn.

Abv]ns‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ Xgp-hw-Ip∂v CS-hI Adbv°¬ amWn-bp-sSbpw Gen-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Gen-°p-´n-sb-bmWv hnhmlw Ign®Xv. Ch¿°v ]Øv a°-fmWv. Abv]v 1998¬ \ncym-X-\m-bn.

VII.5 Ipcy≥ hS-hp-tImSv hS-t°-°p-Sn-bn¬ Ipcy-s‚bpw adn-bØ - n-s‚bpw aIƒ adn-bsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Ieq-cn¬ Xmakambn. Ch¿°v Bdv a°fp≠v. 2005¬ Ipcy≥ ac-W-a-S™p.

VII.5 Ipcy≥ (VIII) 1 tdmk-°p´n

2 tPmkv

3 t__n

4 Ubnkn

VII.12 Abv]v (VIII) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 F¬kn amWn Nm≠n tacn tdmknen kÆn en√n sj√n kPn-tam≥ _nPp

VIII.13 F¬kn 5 h’

6 _m_p-

VIII.6 tdmk-°p´n Ing-°≥ Ieq¿ amdm-´n¬ Ipcy≥ aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. _n]n≥, Ipcy≥, Poh, tPmhm≥ a°-fm-Wv. Xmakw t_mws_.

VIII.7 tPmkv aqØ aI≥ tPmkv sXt°-°p‰v aØm-bn-bpsS aIƒ Ip´n-bΩ - sb hnhmlw Ign®p IqS-c-™n-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. c≠m¨ a°ƒ.

VIII.8 t__n (t__n Ipcy≥ M.Sc.) Imh°m´v CS-h-I-bn¬ sh´n-bm-¶¬ tPmWns‚ aIƒ ankn-bΩsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Xd-hm-´n¬ Xmakw. aqhm-‰p-]pg \n¿Ωe tImtfPn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. ankn-bΩ A≤ym-]n-I-bm-Wv. Pohm, Po\m a°ƒ.

VIII.9 sUbnkn I≠-imw-I-Shv Ip‰p-°m-c≥ BK-kvXn-bpsS aI≥ hn≥sk‚mWv hnhmlw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv. Xriq-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. c≠v a°ƒ.

VIII.10 h’

t]mØm-\n-°mSv F\m-\n-°¬ A{_m-lØ - n-s‚bpw, Gen-°p-´n-bpsSbpw aI≥ hn≥sk‚ v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Nme-°p-Sn-°-SpØv c≠pssI-øn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. a°ƒ aq∂v.

VIII.14 amWn IS- h q¿ CS- h I hS- t °¬ Nmt°m- ® s‚ aIƒ tj¿ensb hnhmlw Ign®p. c≠v a°ƒ. CuÃv Ieq-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p.

VIII.15 Nm≠n am¶pfw I≠-Øn¬ tZh-ky-bp-sSbpw tam\n-°-bp-sSbpw aIƒ kqk-∂-sb-bmWv IeymWw Ign-®Xv. c≠p a°ƒ. Hcp BWpw Hcp s]Æpw. Xmakw CuÃv Ieq¿.

VIII.16 tacn hmg-°pfw CS-hI Xm∂n-°¬ Ipcym-t°m-bp-sSbpw {_nPo-Ømbp-sSbpw aI≥ tPmfn hnhmlw sNbvXp. hmg-°p-fØv Xmakw. tPmfn ss]\m-∏nƒ hym]m-cn-bmWv.

VIII.17 tdmknen

If-∏pdw Ic-bn¬ Np≠m´v sIm®m-∏p-hns‚ aI≥ hn’Wv hnhmlw sNbvX-b®p. h’ tImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. hn’≥ Iº\n-bn-emWv. Hcp aI≥ am{Xw. Xmakw t_mws_-bn¬.

_Xvetlw CS-hI sh´n-bm-¶¬ BK-kvXn-bp-sSbpw tdmk-bpsSbpw aI≥ t__n-bmWv tdmkn-ensb IeymWw Ign-®Xv. t__n Fw.Pn. bqWn- t h- g vkn- ‰ n- b n¬ tPmen- b mWv. tdmknen sl¬Øv Un∏m¿´vsa‚n¬ em_v A€n-Âmbn tPmen sNøp∂p.

264

265

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.18 kÆn

VIII.24 tdmkn-e‚v M.Sc., B.Ed.

Imh-°m´v CS-∏-g-Øn¬ tXma-kn-s‚bpw tacn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tj¿ensb hnhmlw Ign®p. kÆn _olm-dn¬ O.N.G.C bn¬ tPmen. tacn \gvkm-Wv. HcmWpw Hcp s]Æpw a°ƒ.

s\øt»cn tXm´-Øn-aym-en¬ h¿°n-bp-sSbpw Gen-°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw Ign®p. t_mws_-bn¬ Xma-kw. tPmkv Iº\n amt\-P-cm-Wv. tdmkn-e‚ v AhnsS A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv.

VIII.19 en√n

VIII.25 km_p (tUm.-km_p M.A., Ph.D.)

hmI-°m´v CS-hI shºn-≈n¬ A{_m-l-Øn-s‚bpw Gen-°p-´nbp-sSbpw aI≥ A∏-®≥ BWv hnhmlw sNbvXXv. aq∂n-e-hn¬ Xmakw. Hcp aI≥.

amen-∏md CS-hI am∏-e-I-bn¬ tPmkn-t‚bpw sXøm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ enPnsb IeymWw Ign®p. tPm¿÷p-Ip-´n-bpw, tdmkvtam-fp-amWv a°ƒ. km_p kwÿm\ πm\nwKv t_m¿Un-¬ tPmen-bm-Wv.. enPn M.Sc., B.Ed. A≤ym]n-I-bm-bn tPmen t\m°p-∂p.

VIII.20 sj√n ssae-s°mºv B°-∏-Sn-°¬ tPmkn-t‚bpw tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ hn¬k¨ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Irjn-bm-Wv. c≠v s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ.

VIII.21 kPn-tam≥ tIm´p-]n-≈n¬ h¿°n ˛ amIm-t®-cn¬ tacn aIƒ _nµp-hns\ hnhmlw Ign®v CuÃv Ieq-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VIII.22 _nPp ae-_m-dn¬ IqSp-X¬ ÿe-sa-SpØv I∂m-c-Ir-jn- sNøp-∂p.

VII.23 hdp-Kokv sF∏ns‚ \mem-asØ ]p{X≥ h¿Ko-kv cma]pcw ]mW-°m´p ho´n¬ A{_m-l-Øn-s‚bpw adn-bmΩ-bp-sSbpw aIƒ A®m-Ωsb hnhmlw Ign®p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v aq∂p a°-fp≠v. h¿Kokv Zo¿L-\mfsØ k¿∆o-kn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ slUvam-Ã-dmbn s]≥j\m-bn.

VII.23 hdp-Kokv (VIII) 1 tdmkn-e‚ v

2 km_p 266

VIII.26 kn_n≥ tXm{]mw-IpSn Im™n-c-Ømw-Ip-t∂¬ t__n-bp-sSbpw tacn-°p´n-bp-sSbpw aIƒ en‚sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch-cpsS GI aIfm-Wv Aƒ_o\. kn_n≥ d∫¿ Uoedpw ]©m-bØv `c-W-k-anXn AwK-hpamWv.

VII.27 amXyp (aØmbn) Abv]s‚ A©m-asØ aI≥ ssae-s°mºv ]≈n CS-hI hgpXm-e° - m´v aØm-bn-bpsS aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v aq∂v a°ƒ.

VII.27 aØmbn (VIII) 1 sF∏-®≥

2 tdmknen

3 amXyp

VIII.28 sF∏-®≥ sX∂-Øq¿ Ip∂-°m-´v Nmt°m-bp-sSbpw tacn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ B≥knsb hnhmlw Ign®p. Irjn, c≠v a°ƒ. Xmakw c≠pssI, Nme-°p-Sn.

VIII.29 tdmknen 3 kn_n≥

DSp-º-∂q¿ CS-hI Ipgn-∏n-≈n¬ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw A∂-Ω-bpsSbpw aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. sh≈n-bm-a-‰Øv Xma-kn-°p∂p. aq∂v s]¨Ip-´n-I-fm-Wv a°ƒ. 267

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.30 amXyp D≈-\m´v ta\m-t®-cn-bn¬ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw Gen-°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aIƒ ssj\n-sb-bmWv amXyp hnhmlw Ign-®Xv. hmg-°m-em-bn¬ Xmakw. a°ƒ c≠mWpw Hcp s]Æpw.

VII.31 amWn

6

Abv]ns‚ Cfb aI≥ amWn Gg-√q¿ CS-hI s\Spw-¶-t√¬ sXmΩ-t‚bpw tacn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Gen-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v \mep k¥m-\-ß-fmWv.

VII.31 amWn (VIII) 1 _nt\mbv

2 _n\n

3 _nPp

4 _nµp

VIII.32 _nt\mbv s\Sn-b-ImSv CS-hI amº-d-ºn¬ (Imhmew) tPmk-^n-t‚bpw tacn°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aIƒ do\sb BWv hnhmlw sNbvXXv. hmg-bn¬ Xmakw. c≠p Ip´n-Iƒ.

VIII.33 _n\n ss]tßm-´q¿ sXt°-°c Nmt°m-bp-sSbpw knkn-en-bp-sSbpw aI≥ jm‚n hnhmlw sNbvXp. NmØ-a-‰Øp Xma-kn-°p-∂p. a°-fmbn c≠mWpw Hcp s]Æpw.

]menb-°p-t∂¬ I´-°-b-Øp-\n∂pw I√ymWw Ign®v sN≈q-∏-d-ºn¬ Xma-k-amb amXyp F∂ ]nXm-hns‚ I\njvT ]p-{X-\mb C´n-s®-dnb BWp Cu imJ-bpsS ]nXmhv. Ggp-ap-´sØ hS°pw Ing°pw ]mS-ß-fpsS kwK-aÿ-e-Øn\v A`n-ap-J-ambn D≠m-bn-cp∂ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp sam´-°p∂m-bn-cp∂p ]men-b-°p-∂v. ]Sn-™m-dp-hiw Imf-h-≠n-Iƒ Imcn-t°mSn\v \nc-ßn-\o-ßn-bn-cp∂ hgn-®m-epw D≠mbncp-∂p. AhnsS Ing-t°m´v Z¿i-\-ambn amXyp Hcp amfnI ]Wn-Xv Xs‚ aqØ-]p-{Xs\ AhnsS ]m¿∏n-®p. A©v amfn-I-I-fn¬ G‰hpw hep-Xm-bn-cp∂p CXv. Chn-sSbmWv ]n¬°m-eØv hn. Koh¿Ko-kns‚ A¤p-X-cq]w kq£n-®n-cp-∂Xv. Bc-°pg CS-hI ]pcm-X-\-amb ]q-°m´v IpSpw-_-Ønse A∂sb hnhmlw sNbvX C´n-s®-dn-bbv°v c≠v B¨a-°ƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

VIII.34 _nPp

III.1 C´n-s®-dnb (IV)

d∫¿ hym]mc cwK-Øm-Wv.

VIII.35 _nµp B.Sc.

1

2

amXyp

h¿°n

IV. 2 amXyp kmº-ØnI Imcy-ß-fn¬ I¿°-i-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ aqØ-]p-{X≥ amXyp Im°q¿ Ddp-ºn¬ h´-a‰- Ø - p-\n∂p A∂-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. BZy hnhm-l-Øn¬ Ah¿°v A∂ F∂ ]p{Xntb D≠m-bn-cp-∂p≈q. 268

269

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

Ahsf Icn-a-Æq¿ ]mØn-°p-t∂¬ F{_-lm-an\p hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSpØp. Ah¿ ]n∂oSv ae-_m-dn-tebv°v IpSn-tb-dn. amXyp-hns‚ c≠mw hnhmlw hmg-°pfw \ºym-]d- º - n¬ ]pXp-t»-cn¬ \n∂m-bn-cp∂p. CXn¬ c≠mWpw c≠p-s]Æpw a°-fm-bn-cp∂p. aqØ aIƒ tdmk-Ωsb AÆm-bn-°Æw ]pc-hØp ate¬ ]tXm-sk∂ ]m∏-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. k¥m\ `mKy-an-√msX Ah¿ acn®p.c≠m-asØ aIƒ Nm®nsb tXm´-Øn¬ amØ-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ah¿°pw a°-fn-√m-bn-cp∂p.

IV. 2 amXyp (V) 1

2

3

A∂

tdmkΩ

Nm®n

Ip´nbpw `mcybpw 4 Hutk∏v

sNdn-bm≥

V.3 Hutk∏v (saøm-‰n≥Ip-t∂¬) amXyphns‚ aqØaI≥ Hutk∏v 32˛masØ hb€n¬ \ncymX\mbn.

V.3 A sNdn-bm≥ GI-aI - ≥ sNdn-bm≥ amWn-°p-t∂¬ A∂-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Xd-hm-´nepw ]n∂oSv saøm-‰n≥Ipt∂epw Xma-kn®p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v sImt®en, hdp-Kokv F∂v c≠p a°-fp-≠mbn. GI aIƒ sImt®en hnhmlPohnXw ths≠∂ph®v ktlm-Z-c-t\m-sSm∏w Ign™p.

V.3 sNdn-bm≥ (VI) 1 sImt®en

2 hdp-Kokv

VI.4 hdp-Kokv (Ip-´n) s\ø-t»cn Nqc-°p-t∂¬ tZh-ky-˛-G-en-bmΩ aIƒ adn-bsØ hnhmlw Ign®v saøm-‰n≥Ip-t∂¬ Xma-kn-®p. hdp-Kokpw adnbhpw Ncaw {]m]n-®p. hdp-Ko-kn\v c≠v B¨a-°fpw A©v s]¨a-°-fp-ambn-cp-∂p. Ip´n Hcp anI® I¿jI\mbncp∂p. 270

VI.4 hdp-Kokv (Ip-´n) (VII)

5 1 A∂

2 GeΩ

3 tPm¿÷v

4 5 ^ntem-an\ eqkn

6 sNdn-bm≥

7 {_nPoØ

VII. 5 A∂ (Nn∂Ω 1942) {^m≥kn-kv°≥ k\ym-k-k-`-bn¬ tN¿∂p. hnhn-[-an-j≥ tI{µß-fn¬ {]i-kvX-ambn tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn® tijw U¬ln-bn¬ Bbncns° 2001-¬ ac-W-a-S™p.

VII.6 GeΩ (1944) \gv k nwKv ]T- \ - Ø n\p tijw C‰enbn¬ tPmen- b n- e n- c ns° tKmƒU≥ enÃn-°sb 1970-¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. ssa°ƒ, tUhnkv F∂v c≠p a°ƒ. C‰-en-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VII. 7 tPm¿÷v (1946) IS-\mSv sNm°m´v B\n-bΩ - sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. cmP-ÿm-\nse DZ-b-∏q-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. sslkvIq-fn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mWv. _nPp aI\mWv. aIƒ tim`nX tUmIvS-dmWv.

VII.8 ^ntem-an\ (1949) Bc-°pg ]mtßm´v tPmk^v ˛ tXykymΩ aI≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ hnhmlw Ign®p. Hcp ]p{X-\p≠v. 271

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII. 9 eqkn (1952)

IV.12 sIm®ph¿°n

ap´w H‰-sX-ßp-¶¬ h¿°n aI≥ amXyp IeymWw Ign®p. aq∂mWpw Hcp s]Æpw a°-fmWv.

VII. 10 sNdn-bm≥ (tPmhm-®≥ 1955) Cf-b-a-I≥ tPmhm-®≥ hmg-°mem amdm-´n¬ ss]en ˛ t{Xky aIƒ t{Kknsb hnhmlw Ign®p. Ch¿°v tPmbnkv, Pnt\m, Pn¬kv F∂v aq∂v a°ƒ. F√m-hcpw ]Tn-°p-∂p. Xd-hm-´n¬ Xmakw

(V) 1 2 Hutk^v adnbw 8 9 {_nPnØm bmt°m_v

3 Hutk^v 10 I{Xn

4 5 6 7 amWn Geoizm A∂ t{Xkym 11 12 13 hdp-Kokv tdmk aØmbn

V. 13 adnbw (1880) aqØ aIsf ]¥-bv°¬ h¿°n hnhmlw sNbvXv h≠-a-‰Øv Xma-kn-®p. Ch¿°v hdp-Kokv, Nmt°m F∂v c≠v B¨a-°fpw \mev s]¨a-°fpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p.

V. 14 Hutk∏v (1883) Icn-aÆ - q¿ If-th-en¬ ^vtfΩsb (^n-tem-an-\) hnhmlw sNbvXp. _[n-c\pw aqI-\p-am-bncp∂p. Hcp ]p{X-\p-≠mbncp∂p. Ggp-a´w If-∏pc-∏-d-ºn¬ hoSp-h®v Xma-kn-®p. `mcy acn-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v Cfb ktlmZ-c≥ amXyp-hn-s\m∏w Xma-kn-®n-cns° 1959 ¬ acWa-S™p.

V. 14 Hutk∏v

tPmhm®\pw IpSpw_hpw

(VI)

VII. 11 {_nPoØm (1958) {_nPo-Øsb sXmSp-]pg I√n-°p-gn-bn¬ tPm¨ ˛ t{Xkym aI≥ ssa°n-fn\p hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSpØp. \nΩn, \n_p, \nPp BWv a°ƒ

IV 12 h¿°n (sIm®p-h¿°n) ]men-b-°p-t∂¬

hdp-Kokv

V. 15 hdp-Kokv GI ]p{X≥ hdp-Kokv I®n-da - ‰- Ø - n¬ Icn-∏m-°p-Sn-bn¬ BKkvXn A∂Ω aIƒ t{Xkym-Ωsb IeymWw Ign®p. Ah¿°v c≠mWpw c≠p s]Æpw a°-fp≠mbn. ssltd-©n-em-bn-cp∂p Xma-kw.

VI.15 hdp-Kokv

C´n-s®-dn-bb - psS sIm®pa-I≥ h¿°nbpsS aI\mb sIm®p-h¿°n BZyw imkvXmw-Ip-t∂¬ \n∂v hnhmlw Ign-®p. Hcp aI≥ D≠mbn A[n-I-Imew Ign-bp-∂-Xn\v aptº Ah¿ acn-®p t]mbn. Im°q¿ sX°pw]-d-ºn¬ adn-bsØ c≠maXv hnhmlw sNbvXv amfn-I-bn¬ \n∂p sXm´p ]Sn-™m-dpamdn Adbpw \nc-bp-ambn H‰-\n-eb - n¬ Hcp ]pØ≥]pc ]WnXv Xma-k-ambn. C∂sØ sXmSp-]p-g˛DSp-º-∂q¿ tdmUn\p A`n-apJambn- Ggp-ap-´Ø - mbncp∂p hoSv. ]nXmhpw h¿°n-tbm-sSm-∏a - m-bn-cp∂p Xmakw. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v ]{¥≠v a°ƒ D≠mbn.

ASn-am-en-bn¬ A{_m-l-Øn\p hnhmlw sNbvX-b®p. `¿Ømhv ac-Wa - S- ™ X - ns\ XpS¿∂v Ip´n-If - psS hnZym-`ym-km¿∞w hmg-°p-fØp h∂p Xma-k-am°n.

272

273

(VII) 1 Nn∂Ω

2 AK-Ãn≥

3 tPmkv

4 Beokv

VII. 16 Nn∂Ω

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII. 17 AK-Ãn≥

VI. 21 adnbw

Nß-\m-t»cn Xq{X∏-≈n¬ AΩn-Wnsb hnhmlw Ign®p. c≠p s]¨a-°fpw \mev B¨ a°fpw Ah¿°p-≠mbn. t__n, _nPp, cPn, tamfn, _nµp. ssltd-©n-emWv Irjnbpw I®-h-S-hp-ambn Xma-kn°p-∂-Xv.

aqØ-a-Iƒ adn-bsØ sXmSp-]pg I√m-\n-°¬ s]cp-a-‰-Øn¬ (l\p-am≥ XS-Øn¬) ss]en˛Gen aI≥ h¿°n hnhmlw Ign®p. Ch¿°v t]mƒ, t__n, tPmkv, GeΩ, A®mΩ tPm¿÷v F∂ Bdp a°fp≠v.

VII. 18 tPmkv

VI. 22 hdp-Kokv (Ip™q™v) sIm.-h. 1099

Ahn-hm-ln-X-\mWv ssltd-©n¬ \n∂v XSn sh´n-bn-d°n CXc ÿe-ß-fn¬ FØn-°p∂ tIm¨{SmIvSv sNøp-∂p.

\√ hmb-\m-io-ehpw Ncn-{Xt_m[hpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ggp-ap-´Øns‚ Ncn{Xw Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. ]pd-∏pg CS-∏-g-Øn¬ ^nen∏v˛Geniz Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ t{Xkysb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v A©p a°fmWv. amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m-sc ip{iq-jn-®p-sIm≠v X-d-hm-´n-em-bn-cp∂p Xmakw. {]mbm-[n-Iy-Øm¬ Ncaw {]m]n-®p.

VII.19 Beokv ]me-°mSv ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Hcp aIƒ D≠v.

V.20 amWn (sIm.-h. 1062) amWn-bpsS BZy-hn-hmlw IS-\mSv ]mtdΩm-°¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv aS-°Ø - m\w I√-db - v°¬ h¿°n aIƒ tdmksb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v Ggp a°ƒ. tXt\m-en¬ Adbpw \nc-bpambn hoSv h®v Xma-kn-®p.

Ip™q™pw IpSpw-_hpw

VI.22 hdp-Kokv (VII) 1 tdmk

amWnbpw IpSpw-_hpw

V.20 amWn (VI) 1 2 adnbw hdp-Kokv

3 tdmkΩ

4 Nmt°m 274

5 t{Xky

2 sUbvkn

3 tPmkv

4 eqkn

5 tacn

VII. 23 tdmk (1950) 6 tkhy¿

7 amXyp

aqØ-a-Iƒ tdmksb sX°pw-`mKw amS-h\ tPm¨˛Gen Zº-XnI-fpsS aI≥ AK-Ãn≥ IeymWw Ign®p. t‰man, jn_p, tPm¿÷v, tacn a°-fmWv. tPm¿Pv 2003 ¬ ac-W-a-S-™p. 275

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII. 24 sUbvkn (1952)

VI. 29 Nmt°m-®≥ (^m. sPbnwkv ]men-b°p-t∂¬ V.C.)

IÆq¿ Xe-ticn amtdmfn cmP≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. AhnsS _nkn\kv sNbvXv Xma-kn-°p∂p. c≠p a°-fp≠v, jmPp, \nPp. Zo¿L-Imew c≠p-t]cpw C‰-en-bn-¬ DtZym-K-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

sXmSp-]pg Kh: kvIqfn¬ \n∂v SSLC ]mkm-b-tijw hn≥sk≥jy≥ k`-bn¬ tN¿∂v 1960-˛¬ sshZn-I-\m-bn. At\Iw CShI- I - f nepw anj≥ tI{µ- ß - f nepw XymK]q¿Æ-amb tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®n-´p≠v. IpSpw-_-tbm-K-Øns‚ ÿncw Bflotbm]tZ-jvSmhmWv. sXmSp-]pg Un t]mƒ kv I qfpI- f psS amt\- P cpw B{i- a - t {ijvT\pambn-cp∂p. ]mem sNØn-acw skan\m- c n- b n¬ kpdn- b m\n s{]m^- k - d mbn Ct∏mƒ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂p.

VII. 25 tPmkv (1955) GI-a-I≥ tPmkv \oeq¿ Iqºp-°¬ sXmΩ≥˛A∂Ω aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw Ign®p aI≥ Fºn-e‰v. {Sn…‰v, A\n-se‰v s]¨a°ƒ. tPmkv Hcp apgp-h≥ kab t{]jnX {]h¿Ø-I-\m-Wv. aqØ aIƒ I\ym-kv{Xo-bm-Wv. Ggp-ap-´Øv tXt\m-en¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VI. 30 t{Xkym Icn-a-Æq¿ ]≈n-°m-apdn Ing-t°-S-Øn¬ Hutk^v˛adnbw aI≥ ]m∏-®≥ hnhmlw Ign®p. tagvkn, tkmP≥, ]ufn, Nmƒkv, Pbn≥, sIm®p-t{Xkym, Atem-jn- F∂nhcmWv a°ƒ. kn. {Sn…‰v tPmkpw IpSpw-_hpw

VII. 26 eqkn (1957)

VI. 31 tkhy¿ sI.Fkv.B¿.Sn.kn.bn¬ tPmen- kzoI-cn®p. FdWmIpfØv Xmakn®v hncan®p.

VI. 32 amXyp (^m. amXyp ]men-b-°p-t∂¬ V.C. M.A., B.Ed. 1939)

s\ø-t»cn Nn‰-Sn-bn¬ BKkvXn˛adnbw aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw Ign®p. F¬kn, tPmfn, hn≥sk‚ v, jmen, sd‰n, amXypkv a°-fmWv. tdmk-Ωbpw tPmk^pw Znhw-K-X-cm-bn.

Icn-aÆ - q¿ sk‚ v. tPmk^vkv kvIqfn¬ \n∂v {]i-kvXa - mbn SSLC ]mkm-b-tijw 1956- ¬ hn≥sk≥jy≥ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ tN¿∂p. 1966-¬ ]q\m t]∏¬ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v sshZnI ]´w kzoI-cn®v AhnsS Xs∂ ]T\w XpS¿∂p. 1967-¬ XXz-im-kv{X-Ønepw ssZh-im-kv{XØnepw amÿ _ncpZw t\Sn. I¿Æm-SI bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂v BwK-e-`m-jbn¬ Fw.F. bpw tIc-fm-bq-Wn-th-gvkn-‰nbn¬ \n∂v. _n.FUpw ]mkmbn. amXyp A®≥ A¶- a m- e n- b n¬ hn≥sk≥jy≥ kp∏o-cn-b¿ P\-d-ens‚

276

277

icoc kuJy-°p-d-hn-\m¬ Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmbn Xd-hm-´n¬ Ignbp∂p.

VII. 27 tacn (1963) Nmem-t»cn Rmd-°p-fØv ss]en˛adnbw Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ Ipcy≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ se≥kn¬, t\m_nƒ. Ggp-ap´w tXt\m-ense Xd-hm-´n¬ AΩsb ip{iq-jn-®p-sIm≠v Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VI. 28 tdmkΩ

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sk{I-´dn Bbn-cp∂p. ]n∂oSv sXmSp-]p-gbpw Ipd-hn-e-ßmSpw Uot]mƒ kvIqfp-If - n¬ A≤ym-]I - \ - mbn. kXv\m-an-j\ - nse hnhn[ kvIqfp-If - n¬ {][m-\m-≤ym-]-I-\mbn {]h¿Øn®p. Zo¿L-Imew ‘kXv\m kam-Nm¿' ]{X-Øns‚ ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp∂p. 1993 apX¬ ]mem-bnse sNØn-∏pg skan-\m-cn-bnepw _mw•q-cn-ep≈ hnhn[ skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw s{]m^-kdmbn tPmen t\m°n. Ieqcpw tImX-aw-K-eØpw B{i-am-[n-]-\m-bn-cp∂ tijw Xan-gv\m-´n¬ I\ym-Ip-amcn Pn√-bn¬ CS-hI `c-Ww. s\Sp¶p∂Øv hn≥sk≥jy≥ skΩn-\m-cn-bn¬ s{]m^-kd- mbn tPmen sNbvXp-hc - sh 08.03.2008 ¬ \ncym-X-\mbn. Pe-t{km-Xkv Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\v amXyp A®\p≈ ]mShw A\p-]-a-am-bncp∂p.

V-33 Geoiz (sIm.-h. 1063)

Nmt°mbpw IpSpw-_hpw

Ggp-ap´w Ipdp-ºm-e-a‰w tIm´-bn¬ ho´n¬ ssa°nƒ hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂v B¨ a°ƒ. F√m-hcpw Ct∏mƒ Aa-b{] Xma-kn-°p∂p.

V-34 A∂ (sIm.-h. 1890) aqhm- ‰ p- ] pg hmg- ° pfw Bthmen sNm≈m- a - T - Ø n¬ h¿°n hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v aq∂v B¨a-°fpw aq∂v s]¨a-°f - p-ap≠v.

V.37 bmt°m_v (VI) 1 adnbw

2 3 4 t{Xky FΩm-\p-th¬ knknen

5 amXyp

6 Nmt°m

VI-38 adnbw (a-dn-b-°p-´n)

sXmSp-]pg Nne-hp-Ic - b - n¬ hmcn-Im-´p- sXmΩ≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v Bdv B¨a-°fpw c≠v s]¨a-°-fp-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.

No\n-°pgn Ie-a-‰-Øn¬ aØmbn aI≥ h°-®\p hnhmlw Ign®-b®p. amXyp, tdmknen, (kn. hna¬tdmkv S.H.) tacn (kn.t]mƒkn S.H.), tPmkv, tZhky, h’, hdp-Kokv, tUman, kPn F∂n-h¿ a°fmWv.

V-36 {_nPoØ (sIm.-h. 1069)

VI-39 t{Xky

aqhm-‰p-]pg t]mØm-\n-°m-´p-Ic - b - n¬ Ip∂-∏n≈n ho´n¬ Hutk^v hnhmlw Ign®p. Ch¿°v ]m∏-®≥, h°-®≥ F∂v c≠v a°ƒ am{XamWp-≈-Xv.

s\ø-t»cn tXmb-en¬ De-l-∂m≥ aI≥ hdp-Kokv hnhmlw sNbvXp. t{Kkn, tPmWn, sPbnwkv, aØmbn, sken≥, sska¨, kn. ‰nk S.A.B.S. a°-fmWv.

V-37 bmt°m_v (Nmt°m) sIm.-h. 1072

VI. 40 Ip´-∏≥ (^m. FΩm-\p-th¬ ]men-b-°p-t∂¬ V.C.)

sIm®p-h¿°n-bpsS XrXob k¥m-\a - m-bn-cp∂p Nmt°m. Bc-°pg amtX-bv°¬ hdp-Kokv aIƒ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v Bdp k¥m-\-ß-fmWv. BZyw Xd-hm-´nepw ]n∂oSv Ggp-ap´w tXt\men¬ Hcp hoSv ]WnXpw Xma-kn-®p.

sXmSp-]p-g-bnse sslkv°qƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw 1959-¬ hn≥sk≥jy≥ k`-bn¬ tN¿∂v sshZn-I] - ´w kzoI-cn®p. tIc-fØ - n¬ hnhn[ lukp-I-fnepw CS-hI ]≈n-I-fnepw, anj≥ tI{µ-ß-fnepw hninjvS tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p≠v. kam-izmk {]m¿∞-\bv°pw ZpjvSmflm-°sf Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\pw a‰p-ap≈ hnti-j-i‡n A®-\v ssZhm-\p{K-l-ambn e`n-®n-´p-s≠∂v s]mXpth hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. Cu {]tZ-

V-35 t{Xky (sIm.-h. 1068)

278

279

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

isØ ]≈n-I-fnse Xncp-\mƒ Znh-k-ßfn¬ A®s\ sIm≠v Xe°v ]nSn-∏n°m\pw {]m¿∞n-∏n-°p-hm\pw Xnc-°m-Wv. \m\mPmXn aXÿcmb At\Iw BfpIƒ sNº-cØn A®s\ B{i-a-Øn¬ kµ¿in- ® v Bizmkw Is≠- Ø p∂p. Ct∏mƒ sXmSp- ] pg Ieq¿ hn≥sk≥jy≥ B{i-a-ØnemWv. t^m¨ : 04862 - 267232

VI. 45 tP°_v (Nm°pÆn˛1940) sh´n-a‰w ]g-bn-SØp h¿°n˛]q∏-°mSv adnbw aIƒ A∂-°p-´nbmWv `mcy. A©p a°ƒ. Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. 2006¬ ac-Wa-S-™p.

VI. 41 knknen hmg- ° pfw I∏ym- c p- a - e - b n¬ Nmt°m aI≥ aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp. h’, sPbnwkv, tacn, tPm¿÷v, sken≥, dmWn tPmtamƒ F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

VI. 42 amXyp (a-Ø-®≥ 1937) Icn-a-Æq¿ ]d-b-∂n-eØv De-l-∂m≥, {_nPoØm Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ AΩn-Wnsb hnhmlw Ign®p. j¿en, jn_p a°-fmWv. Xmakw am©p-hSv, sXmSp-]pg.

Nm°p-Ænbpw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw

VI. 45 tP°_v (VII)

VI.42 aØ-®≥

1 tagvkn

(VII)

VII. 46 tagvkn (1963)

1 sj¿en

2 jn_p

2 eqkn

3 jmPn

4 sIm®p-t{Xky

5 jnPp

sXmΩ≥IpØv Im°-\m´v aØmbn˛Gen aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. adn-bhpw en‚bpw a°-fmWv.

VII. 47 eqkn (1968)

VII-43 sj¿en (1967) Nme-°pSn s\Sp-¶-t√¬ tPm¿÷v˛knknen Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ X¶-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. koenb, kndn¬ c≠p a°ƒ.

VII-44 jn_p (1971)

\Sp-°c If-∏p-c-bv°¬ Hutk^v˛adnbw aI≥ amXyp-hmWv `¿Ømhv. c≠p a°ƒ Fenk_Øv (en≥U), B≥a-cnb. Xmakw \Sp-°c.

VII. 48 jmPn (1971)

]d-hq¿ amen-∏pdw Idp-tØSw ss\\mw ho´n¬ tPmk^v˛HmSw]p-≈n¬ eqkn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ {Sokm -bm-kvans\ hnhmlw Ign®p. GI aIƒ {Sokm tPmk-ss^≥. tamt´m¿ {Sm≥kvt]m¿´v cwK-Øv {]o Hm¨Uv Imdp-If - psS hym]m-chp-w, Kymkv I¨th¿j\pw, Im¿ sd‚epw \S-Øp∂p. ^vfo‰v HmW-dpw, ^n\m≥jy¬ I¨kƒ´‚pw BWv. a-ßm´p-I-h-e-bnemWv ÿm]-\w. ]nXm-hn-s\m∏w Xma-kn°p∂p.

sX°pw-`mKw t]¥m-\Øv F¬kn aIƒ APnsb IeymWw Ign®p. B≥kn‰, Bt‚m a°-fmWv. sXmSp-]pg kz¥w sI´n-S-Øn¬ Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn°v D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS tjmdqapw k¿∆okpw \S-Øp-∂p. Xd-hmSn\p kao]w ]pXnb ]pc ]WnXv Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

280

281

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII 49 sIm®p-t{Xky (ssj\n -1972)

VI. 53 tPm¿÷v (1924)

Xncp-lr-Zb - a - T - Ø - n¬ tN¿∂v 1996-¬ PnkvdmWn F∂ t]cn¬ k`mhkv{Xw kzoI-cn®p. hnhn[ ÿe-ßf - nse tkh-\Ø - n\v tijw Ct∏mƒ hgnØebn¬ ]Tn-∏n°p∂p.

s\ø-t»cn CS-hI ]pØ≥Ip-f-Øn¬ s{]m^. tPmk^v˛]d-b∂n-eØv {_nPo‰v aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p k¥m-\-߃ D≠v. tÉv Ce-{Œn-kn‰n t_m¿Un¬ F©n-\o-b-dm-bn-cp∂p. lrZ-bmLmXw aqew ac-W-a-S™p. tacn Ct∏mƒ GI]p{Xs\m∏w sXmSp-]p-gbn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VII. 50 tPmkv (jnPp -1974) Icn-¶p∂w Rmh-≈n¬ Iq¥m-\Øv h¿°n˛s]m∂-\mw-Ipgn tacn aIƒ kvanX-sb-bmWv hnhmlw sNbvXXv. sXmSp-]p-g-bn¬ Ce-Ivt{SmWnIvkv _nkn-\kv sNøp∂p. Ct∏mƒ apX-et- °m-SØv sNdp-tXm-´n≥Ic hoSp-]-WnXv Xma-kn-°p-∂p. a°ƒ c≠v.

VI.53 tPm¿÷v (VII) 1 tPmbn-®≥

V. 51 I{Xo (sIm.-h. 1074) s\ø-t»-cn- hn-√yd ]pfn-°n¬ hdp-Kokv hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ipcymt°mkv, hdp-Kokv, ss]en, adnbw, Gen, en√n F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

V.52 Koh-dp-Kokv (1901-1971) sIm®p-h¿°n aI≥ h¿Kokv tImX-aw-Kew tImbn°-Ip-Sn-bn¬ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ \mev

2 enkn

VII. 54 tPmbn-®≥ (1960) CØn-Øm\w Iøm-e-bv°Iw tP°_v˛Ip∂w-]p-dØv {_nPoØv aIƒ dq_nsb hnhmlw Ign®p. Aa¬, AJn-e- BWv Ip´n-Iƒ. Xmakw sXmSp-]p-g-bn-emWv. tZmlbn¬ Ipssh‰v Fb¿sse≥kn¬ tPmensNøp∂p.

VII.55 enkn I√q¿°mSv s\Sp-¶t- √¬ hdp-Kokv˛t{XykymΩ Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ tPmfn IeymWw Ign®p. tPm_n, Po\, Pap\ BWv a°ƒ.

VI.56 kqk∂ (knÿ {_nPo‰v) D]-hn-I-fpsS ktlm-Z-cn-Iƒ F∂ k\ym-kn\n kaq-l-Øn¬ tN¿∂v k`m-hkv{Xw kzoI-cn®p. tIc-f-Øn¬ hnhn[ tI{µ-ß-fnse tkh-\Ø - n-\p-tijw Ct∏mƒ Im™n-c∏ - ≈n kvt\l-`h - \ - n¬ aZ¿ kp∏ocn-b¿ BWv.

VI-57 Nn∂Ω (1936) ]ng-Iv- NhWn-bm-¶¬ Ipcym-t°mkv aI≥ tPm¿÷v (]m∏-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v kqk∂m, tacn, Iqcym-t°mkv cmPp, tPmfn, sPkn, tPmtam≥, t‰man a°-fmWv.

h-dp-Kokpw adn-bhpw

V. 52 Koh-dp-Kokv

VI. 58 tkhn (tPmkv Pn.sNº-cØn B.Sc, B.Ed., B.Th.)

(VI) 1 tPm¿÷v

2 kqk∂

3 Nn∂Ω 282

4 tPmkv

Icn-a-Æq¿ Adbv°tØm´-Øn¬ tPmk^v˛AØn-bv°¬ A∂ aIƒ slte-\sb hnhmlw Ign®p. sl¬tPm, tPmln≥. lnk¿´v BWv 283

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

a°ƒ. tPmln≥ 1994-¬ ac-Wa - S- ™p. sl¬tPm tKmZvsdPv Iº-\n-bn¬ FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv Bbn U¬ln-bn-em-Wv. lnk¿´v lmk-\n¬ ]Tn-°p∂p. tImX-aw-Kew tIm¿∏-td‰v kvIqfp-I-fn¬ Zo¿L-Imew A≤ym-]-I\mbpw, slUvam-Ã-dmbpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvSn-®n-cp∂p. Ggp-ap-´Øv Xma-kn°p-∂p.

aØm-bnbpw IpSpw-_hpw

V 60 aØmbn (VI) tkhnbpw IpSpw-_hpw

1 t{Kkn

2 tamfn

3 tPm¿÷v

4 t__n

5 tdmbn

6 jmen

7 tkmP≥

VI. 61 t{Kkn (tacn amXyp B.Sc., B.Ed.)

V. 59 tdmkv (1903) amtΩm-Zokm \¬In Gsd Xma-kn-bmsX acW-a-S-™p.

V. 60 aØmbn (AUz-. ]n.hn. amXyp 1905) sIm®p-h¿°n-bpsS Cfb ]p{X-\mb sIm®p-amXyp DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ amWn- b v ° \mw]d- º n¬ G{_lmw˛ssIX- t °m- ´ n¬ adnbw aIƒ A∂sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. BZyw sXmSp-]p-g-bnepw ]n∂oSv Ggp-ap´w Xd-hm-´nepw Xma-kn®p. hmg-°p-fØv A≤ym-]-I-\mbpw ]d-hq¿, sXmSp]pg, Fd-Wm-Ipfw tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ AUz-t°-‰mbpw {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂p. a°ƒ Ggv. sXmSp-]pg d∫¿ am¿°-‰nwKv skmssk-‰n-bpsS Ub-dI - vSdpw, A¿_≥ _m¶ns‚ {]kn-U‚pw Pbv lnµv _m¶ns‚ sNb¿am-\p-am-bncp-∂p. sXmSp-]p-g-bnse kmaq-ly- Po-hnXØns‚ kPo-h- `m-K-am-bn-cp∂ At±lw hm¿≤Iy kl-P-amb Akp-JsØ XpS¿∂v 90-˛-m-a-sØ- h-b€n¬ 1995epw `mcy A∂ 1987epw kz¿§-{]m-]vX-cm-bn. 284

tImX-aw-Kew Hmen-b-∏pdw t]mƒ aI≥ am\p-h¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Xriq¿ sk‚ v taco-kv, Be-∏pg sk‚ v tPmk^vkv tImtfPp-I-fnse hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p tijw Icn-a-Æq¿ sk‚ v tPmk^vkv sslkvIqfn¬ A≤ym-]-nI-bm-bn tN¿∂p. Kmbn-Ibpw Iem-Im-cn-bp-ambn-cp-∂p. GI aI≥ tUm.ent‰m MDSDw `mcy tUm. en\n BDSDw sXmSp]p-g-bn¬ s{Kbvkv U‚¬ ¢n\n°v \S-Øp-∂p. Xmakw sXmSp-]p-g.

VI. 62 tamfn (B\n- amXyp BA. B.Ed.) am™q¿ ]m-fn-bn¬ If-cn-∏-d-ºn¬ tPmk^v˛ssI∏n≈n aymen¬ Gen-bmΩ aI≥ tPm¨ hnhmlw sNbvXp. s{]m^. tPm¨ tImgnt°mSv tZh-Kncn tImtfPv kky-im-kv{X-hn-`mKw ta[m-hnbpw Imen°‰v k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bnse apJy-]-co-£-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂p. tamfn AhnsS sslkv°qƒ A≤ym-]n-I-bmbn {]h¿Øn®p. GI aI≥ tUm. kPn¬ Fw.Un.Fkv. Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv \ntbm sU‚¬ ¢n\n°v \S-Øp∂p. sXmSp]pg A¬˛Akvl¿ U‚¬ tImtf-Pn¬ s{]m-^k - d- p-am-Wv. Xriq¿ Nn‰n-e∏ - n≈n ko\ (B.Com.)sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv Xmakn-°p∂p. 285

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI. 63 tPm¿÷v (s{]m^. tPm¿÷v amXyp sNº-cØn M.A., Dip.T.E.) ]mem -]q-h-cWn tamtfm-∏-d-ºn¬ aØ-∏≥˛\n[n-bncn adp-Ic adnb-Ω- aIƒ enksb hnhmlw Ign®p. IqØp-]-dºv \n¿Ωe Kncn-tIm-fPnepw, Imbw-Ipfw Fw.Fkv.Fw. tImf-Pnepw A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂p. tIcf k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bpsS hnhn-[- `-cW˛]co-£m-k-an-Xn-I-fn¬ AwKam-bn-cp∂p. tImtfPv A≤ym-]I kwL-S\, kl-Ic - W - {- ]-ÿm\w, kmaqly-tk-h\ kwL-S\ - I - ƒ XpS-ßn-bh - b - psS kwÿm\-Xe - ß - f - nepw a{¥nbpsS sk{I-´d- n-bmbpw {]h¿Øn-®n-´p≠v. sI.-Fk - v.b - p-hns‚ ÿm]-ImwKhpw {]Ya Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√m {]kn-U‚p-am-bn-cp∂p. HcWm ka-cØnepw hntam-N\ k-a-c-Ønepw ]s¶-SpØv Pbn¬hmkw A\p-`-hn-®n´p-≠v. IpSpw-_-N-cn{X KthjWIΩn‰n sNb¿am-\m-Wv. aq∂v a°ƒ. Xmakw am©p-hSv, apX-e-t°mSw, sXmSp-]pg CuÃv.

sPw IpSpw-_tØmsSm∏w

VII.65 Pq (Pq tPm¿÷v sNº-cØn B.Tech.) bqWn-th-gvkn‰n F©n-\o-bd- nwKv tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v ]mkmb tijw kXyw Iºyq-´¿ k¿∆o-kkv Iº-\n-bn¬ tN¿∂p. _mw•q-cn¬ tPmensN-bvXp-h-cth {]tam-j-t\m-Sp-IqSn Ata-cn°°v Ab-®p.-Ct∏mƒ Iment^m¿Wn-b-bn¬ KqKnƒ Iº-\n-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p.

VII.66 tPm (tPm tPm¿÷v sNº-cØn B.Tech.) hmdw-K¬ F≥.-sF.-‰n-bn¬ \n∂v kvtImf¿jn-t∏m-Sp-IqSn ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. ]T-\a - n-Ih - n\pw Iem-a’ - c - ß - ƒ°pw At\Iw ]pc-kv°mc-߃ t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v. sslZ-c_ - m-Znse Qualcomm aƒ´n \mj-W¬ Iº\n-bn¬ Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv F©n-\n-b-dmbncp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ ]mcoknse sSIvt\mfPn°¬ bqWnthgvkn‰nbn¬ M.S.\v ]Tn°p∂p.

VI.67 t__n

tPm¿÷pw IpSpw-_hpw

VI 63 tPm¿÷v

aq∂p-h-b-€p-≈-t∏mƒ ]\n-h∂p ac-W-a-S™p.

VI.68 tdmbn (tP°_v amXyp M.Sc.)

(VII) 1 sPw

2 Pq

3 tPm

Nº-°pfw Ipcymf-ti-cn¬ Ip™m-t°m-®-s‚bpw, ap≠-bv°¬ dmWn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ ‰n\p (ARvPp sP. dmWn˛B.Sc.)-hns\ hnhmlw sNbvXp. sPw Ct∏mƒ sXmSp-]pg Icn-aÆ - q-cn¬ Chemparathy’s Aiswarya Dental Clinic \S-Øp-∂p. GI aIƒ A∂ A¬t^m≥km (Po-b-∂m). Xmakw am©p-hSv, sXmSp-]p-g.

s\Sp-¶p∂w ]oen-bm-\n-°¬ k°-dn-bmkv ˛ ap´m¿ {kmºn-°¬ A∂Ω aIƒ skeo-\msb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tImgn-t°mSv, tIm´bw almflmKm‘n k¿∆-I-em-im-e-I-fn¬ tPmen sNbvXp. tPmbn‚ v cPnkv{Sm¿, t{]m sshkv Nm≥kn-edpsS sk{I-´dn apX-emb D∂-X-]-Z-hnIƒ hln-®n-´p≠v. kwKo-XØ - n\v kvIqƒ-˛t- Im-tf-P˛v- k - w-ÿm-\X - e - ß - f - n¬ ]pc-kv°m-c-߃ e`n-®n-´p-≠v. anI® Kmb-I\pw D]-I-cW kwKo-X-⁄\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. skeo\m M.Sc. tImgn-t°mSv t{]mhn-U≥kv hna≥kv tImtf-Pn¬ KWn-X-imkv{X A≤ym-]n-Ibmbn tPmen t\m°n-bn-´p≠v. c≠v a°ƒ. Ct∏mƒ apX-e-t°mSw ]≈n°v kao]w SmtKm¿ luknwKv tImf-\n-bn-emWv Xma-kw.

286

287

VII.64 sPw (tUm. sPw tPm¿÷v sNº-cØn B.D.S.)

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VI.72 tXmakv (tkmP≥ amXyp B.Sc., L.L.B.) DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ amWn-bv°-\mw-]-d-ºn¬ Hutk-∏-®≥˛tdmk aIƒ Beo-kmWv `mcy. sXmSp-]pg \yqam≥ tImtf-Pnepw Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tem A°m-Uan tem tImtf-Pnepw bpWn-b≥ P\-d¬ sk{I-´-dn-bm-bncp-∂p. Icn-aÆ - q¿ kl-Ic - W - _ - m¶v `c-Wk - a - nXnbnepw hnhn[ kmwkvImcnI kwL-S\ - I - f - nepw {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. IpSpw-_t- bmKw ]p\xÿm]I sk{I-´-dn-bmbn-cp∂p. sXmSp-]pg _mdn¬ A`n-`m-j-I-\m-bn-cns° kwÿm\ \nIp-Xn-h-Ip-∏n¬ Akn. IΩo-j-W-dmbn \nb-an-X-\m-bn. \nIpXn hIp∏n¬ U]yq´n IΩojWdmbn (A∏-e‰v ss{S_yq-W¬) tImgn-t°mSv tPmen sNøsh 2008˛¬ hncan®p. Xmakw BkmZv tdmUv, Ieq¿, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw. tdmbnbpw IpSpw-_hpw

1 sdan

VI.68 tdmbn (VII)

2 knan

VII. 69 sdan (sdan tdmbv sNº-cØn B.Tech.) tImX-aw-Kew Ce-™n-°¬ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v Xcy-s‚bpw AgIØv t{Xkym-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ ssa°nƒ B.Tech. hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p-t]cpw _mw•q-cn¬ aƒ´n \mj-W¬ Iº-\n-I-fn¬ Iºyq-´¿ F©n\o-b¿am-cm-Wv. GI aI≥ tPm¿Pn.

VII. 70 knan (knan tdmbv sNº-cØn M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed.) Cfb aIƒ knan tImtfPn¬ KWnXimkv{X A≤ym]nIbmWv. sXmSp]pg ]qh-Øn-¶¬ ]n.hn. h¿§okv˛tacn aI≥ PntPm M.B.A. (am¿°‰nwKv amt\P¿, amIvkv \yqtbm¿°v C≥-jp-d≥kv) hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VI. 71 jmen (t{Xkym) DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ a\-bØv amWn-bv°-\mw-]-d-ºn¬ h¿°n˛A∂Ω aI≥ tXmakv hnhmlw sNbvXv Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv BkmZv tdmUn¬ Xmakn-°p∂p. amXm am[pcy Xntb-t‰-gvkv, amXm SqdnÃp tlmw, sk. sk_mÃy≥ _kv k¿∆okv XpS-ßnb ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS ]m¿´vWdpw hyh-kmbn-bp-amWv. aqØ aIƒ knw_nƒ tUmIvSdpw, Unw_nƒ F©n-\o-b-dpam-Wv. dnw_nƒ hmg°pfw hniztPymXn F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p. 288

tkmP\pw IpSpw-_hpw

VI.72 tkmP≥ (VII) 1 2 3 s]_n≥ ]ma sPdn aqØ- a - I ≥ s]_n≥ F©n- \ o- b - d mbn FdWmIpfØv US Technology˛bn¬ tPmen. aIƒ ]ma M.C.A. °pw, Cf-b-a-I≥ IpSp (sPdn) cmP-Kncn F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pnepw ]Tn-°p∂p.

289

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w bpsS `mcy BI-kvan-I-ambn ac-W-a-S™p. \njvI-f-¶\pw ZpxJn-X-\pamb amWnbpw A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX ac-W-s∏-´p. Ah¿°v a°-fn-√mbn-cp∂p. aqØ- ]p{X-\mb aØm-bn°v a°-fmbn c≠mWpw Hcp s]Æpw D≠mbn.

7

IV.2 aØmbn (V)

Rd-f-°m´v Ggp-ap´w sN≈q-∏-d-ºn¬ Xma-k-am-°nb amXyp-hns‚ ZznXo-b-]p{X-\m-bn-cp∂p aØmbn. C∂sØ Ip∂w˛Rdp-°p‰n tdmUn\pw Rd-f°m´v ]mS-ti-Jc - Ø - n\pw CS-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ IpSpw_ hkvXp-hn¬ A∂v Hcp If-∏pc D≠m-bn-cp∂p. AXn¬ Xma-kn-®p-sIm≠v C∂p-Im-Wp∂ Ip∂w˛ ]Sn.tImSn-°pfw hgn-b-cp-In¬ Rd-f-°m´v ]mS-Øn\p A`n-ap-Jambn Hcp amfnI \n¿Ωn®p.At\Iw Im´p ac-ßfpw Ah-bn¬ Np‰n-°b-dn-bn-cp∂ Rd-f-Ifpw kpe-`-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ B `mKw Rd-f-°mSv F∂m-Wv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂Xv. AXv {ItaW ho´p-t]-cmbn amdp-I-bpwsNbvXp. A°m-eØv Xangv hwi-P-\mb Hcp sN´n-a-{¥-hmZn B ]cn-kcØv Xma-kn-®n-cp∂p. Ip∂w Xs∂ Hcp ImeØv sN´n-If - psS Hcp Bhmk-tI-{µ-am-bn-cp-∂t√m. aØmbn FhnsS \n∂p hnhmlw sNbvXp F∂v Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-™n√. c≠v a°ƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂p.

III-1 aØmbn (IV) 1 2 aØmbn amWn aqØ-aI - ≥ aØmbn I¿Ω-Ip-ie - \ - mb Hcp I¿j-I\pw \m´p {]amWn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. amWn im¥\pw \njvI-f-¶-\p-amb Hcp A\pP\pw. c≠p t]cpw hnhm-ln-Xc - m-sb-¶nepw amfn-Ib - n¬ Xs∂ Hcp-at- bmsS Xmakn-®p-h∂p. amWn imkvXmw-Ip-t∂¬ \n∂pw Bbn-cp∂p hnhmlw sNbvXn-cp-∂X - v. Aß-s\-bn-cns° D≠mb A\njvS kw`-hØ - m¬ amWn290

1 ss]en

2 {_nPoØm

3 amWn

V.3 {_oPoØm Gg-√q¿ Ic-bn¬ h´-°p-t∂¬ sXmΩ≥˛adnbw Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tZhky (eq°m) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v a°ƒ C√m-bn-cp∂p.

V.4 ss]en (t]mƒ sNº-cØn M.L.C.) cma-]pcw ]≈n-hm-Xp-°¬ adn-b-sØ-bmWv ss]en hnhmlw Ign®Xv. Bdv a°-fmWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.

ss]enbpw adn-bhpw ]nXm-hn\pw arXn-bS- ™ ]nXr-kt- lm-Zc - \ - p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p apgp-h≥ kzØp-°fpw, ]pdta A≤zm\n-bm-bn-cp∂ ]nXmhv kºm-Zn® hkvXp-hI-If - pw Dƒs∏sS henb kºØns‚ DS-aI - f - m-bn-Øo¿∂p ss]en, amWn ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿. Ip∂w Ih-e-ap-X¬ Rdp-°p-‰n-h-sc-bp-ap≈ ]mS-ti-Jchpw CSn--°n-´n-∏m-d-°n-∏pdw C∂sØ It∏f hsc-bp≈ Ic-`q-anbpw kz`-h\ - Ø - n\p kao]w tImSn-°pfw hgn-bc - p-In¬ \nehpw Icbpw kz¥ambn D≠m-bn-cp∂p. I¶m-Wn-am-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ IpSn-In-S-∏p-Imcpw ]pe-b-cp-am-bn-cp∂p Irjn-∏-Wn-Iƒ \S-Øn-h-∂Xv. hntZ-i-\n¿Ωn-X-amb kz¥w ssk°n-fn¬ sh≈-°m-sc-t∏mse sXm∏nbpw tjm¿´vkpw [cn®m-bn-cp∂p ss]en-bpsS bm{X. dh\yp, t]meokv, \oXn-\ymb A[n-Im291

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

cn-I-fp-ambn Nßm-Øhpw No´p-I-fnbpw aqew ss]en°v henb kzm[o\-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Icw-Xn-cn-hns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {ioaqew Akw-ªnbn¬ P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Isf \n›-bn-®-t∏mƒ Ce-™n-°¬ Ip™n-sXmΩ\pw, sIm®p-Ip-Sn-bn¬ Abv]v hdp-Ko-kn-\p-sam∏w sNº-c-Øn-°¬ ss]enbpw \nb-a-k-`mw-K-ambn. Irjn-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ {i≤-°p-dhpw, s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw, [q¿Øpw aqew hcp-am\w Ipd-™p-h-∂-t∏mƒ hkvXp-°ƒ Iptdti hnev°m≥ XpSßn. Ah-km\w amfn-I-hoSpw, Np‰p-\n-ehpw ]pc-bn-S-hpapƒs∏sS ]tØ-°-tdmfw ÿew ]W-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠n-h-∂p. At\Iw ]d -\new kz¥-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ H∂m-bn-cp∂p imew tImSv a\-. Ir-jn-bm-hi - y-Øn\pw ]men-\p-ambn At\Iw I∂p-Im-en-Isf a\-bn¬ \n∂pw hf¿Øn-bn-cp∂p. ka¿∞\pw hniz-kvX-\p-am-bn-cp∂ ]coXv Bbn-cp∂p -Im-cy-ÿ≥. Hcn-°¬ Ccpƒa\-bnse \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS tPymXn-jn-bm-b Afn-b≥ aW-°m´p \n∂p kµ¿i-\Ø - n-s\Øn. ap‰Øv \n∂n-cp∂ ]coXns\ I≠v Ipi-em-t\z-jWw \S-Øn-b-tijw a\-bv°I-tØbv°p t]mb tPymXnjn ]coXn\v [\-`mKyw ImWp-∂p-s≠∂pw Abmsf tPmen-bn¬ \n∂pw ]ncn-®p-hn-Sm-Ø] - £w Xm¶-fpsS kº-Øn¬ ]Ip-Xnbpw Gsd-°mew Ign-bpw-aptº At±--l-Øn\v kz¥-am-Ip-sa∂pw [cn-∏n®p. `rXys‚ kt¥m-jØ - n-\mbn ]Xnhp iº-fØ - n\p ]pdta Xm≥ \¬Ip∂ Aº-Xp-sh≈n cq]m IqSn sImSp-°-W-sa∂pw ]d™p. ]coXv Ip∂Øv Xma-kn®v kz¥-ambn I®-hSw XpSßn. ae-©-c°p-Ifpw NW-®m-°p-Ifpw hmßn hnev]\ \S-Øn. AºXp cq]bv°v C∂sØ At\-Im-bncw cq]-bpsS hne-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ A°m-eØv, I®hSw Ime-{I-taW Imf-h-≠n-bn-em°n. C∂sØ temdn Bbn-cp∂p A∂sØ- Im-f-h-≠n. ÿe-ambpw Imimbpw Hcp \√ kºmZyw c≠p a°ƒ°pw \¬In-bmWv A≤zm\nbmbncp∂ At±lw ac-W-a-S-bp-∂Xv. At±lØns‚ ]pcmX\ `h\w Ct∏mƒ kn\nam jq´nwKn\v D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂p≠. hym]mcw XpS¿∂p hcsh aqØ ktlm-Z-cs\ Hcn-°¬ Imf-IpØp-I-bp-≠mbn. Cu kw`-h-Øn-\p-tijw At±-lw kº-∂-cpsS {]XoI-ambncp∂ B\sb hmßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv At±lw "Imf-IpØ≥ apX-emfn' F∂v Adn-b-s∏´p. AXy-≤zm\w sNbvXm¬ kº-∂\mImw F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ ""Imf IpØn-bm¬ B\ hmßmw'' Fs∂mcp sNm√p Xs∂ {]tbm-K-Øn¬ h∂p tN¿∂p. ]p{X\mb ]coXv Bbn cp∂p sXmSp]pg ]©mbØns‚ {]Ya {]knU‚.v*

Cfb ktlm-Zc - \ - m-Is´ kuay\pw hfsc kXy-k‘ - \ - p-am-bn-cp∂p. sNdp-InS I®-h-S-Øn\p ]pdta ]Ww ISw \¬In \ymb-amb ]eni hmßp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. kz¥-ambn Irjn-bn-√m-Øn-\m¬ sNº-cØn ss]en amπ-bn¬ \n∂pw s\√v hne°v hmßnbncp∂p. AXp-t]mse ]Ww ss]en -am-]vf ISw sIm≠pan-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ kz¥w amfn-I-bpsSbpw H∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ÿe-Øns‚bpw apgp-h≥ {]amWw \¬InbmWv ss]en ]Ww hmßn-bXv. C{Xbpw B[m-c-߃ Bh-iy-an-s√∂v Ip™pIm° ]d-s™-¶nepw ss]en kΩ-Xn-®n√. Iptd h¿j-߃°v tijw ]Ww sImSp-°m≥ km[y-a-√m-Xm-IpIbpw amfn-Ibpw apgp-h≥ hkvXp-°fpw P]vXn sNøs∏SpIbpw sNbvXp. Bao≥ P]vXn°v h∂ hnhcw Adn-bn® I¶m-Wn-tbmSv ""\o amfn-Ibn¬ sN∂v Ahtfw ]nt≈tcw Iq´n t]mcv'' F∂mWv No´p-I-fn-bn¬ apgp-In-bn-cp∂ ss]en \nkw-K-\mbn ]d-™Xv. Xmakw ]n∂oSv Hcp sNdnb ]oSnIho´n-tebv°v amdn. Ip™pIm°bpw IpSpw-_hpw sNºc-Øn-am-fn-Ib - n-tebv°v amdn Xma-kn®p. _m[y-Xs - bm-gn-sI-bp≈ hkvXp°ƒ Xncn-s®-gpXnØcm≥ Xøm-dm-sW∂v kXy-k‘ - \ - mb Ip™pIm° ]e XhW [cn-∏n-s®-¶nepw kzoI-cn-°m≥ A`n-am-\n-bmb ss]en an\s°-´n√. Aßs\ A[nIImew Ignbpw aptº an°hmdpw hkvXp-°fpw ss]en°v \jvS-am-bn.

292

293

*

Ahew_w : aebmf at\mca Zn\]{Xw

V.4 ss]en

(VI) 1 tacn-°p´n

2 aØ-®≥

3 Ip™Ω

4 tPmkv

5 tPm¿÷v

6 s]ÆΩ

VI.5 tacn-°p´n ]mem A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ sXmΩ≥ aI≥ Ipcy≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. s]ÆΩ, tXmakv, tacn, sIm®v X¶Ω, Ipcym-®≥, Nmt°m-®≥, tPmkv a°ƒ

VI.6 Ip™Ω (A∂Ω) hmg-°pfw sNm≈m-a-T-Øn¬ Nm°∏-≥ (tP°_v) IeymWw Ign®p. Ch¿ Ct∏mƒ CS-∏≈n ]≈n-°p-k-ao]w sNdp-Ic F∂ ho´pt]-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. a°ƒ aq∂p t]¿. t__n (]utemkv) tagvkn (Fen-k-_Øv) enk (tacn).

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.7 s]ÆΩ (I{Xo\)

VII.13 sXømΩ (kn. enky)

sXmSp-]pg ap´w ap¥n-cn-ßm´v tZhky, XnS-\mSv the-\m´v t{Xky aI≥ Ip™q™v (sk_m-Ãy≥) hnhmlw Ign®p. t__n, tPmbn, tagvkn, tPmkv, tdmbn, tPm¿÷v Bdv a°ƒ.

ssZh-hnfn kzoI-cn®v I¿ΩeoØm ktlm-Z-cn-I-fpsS aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂p k`m-h-kv{X-a-Wn™p. Ct∏mƒ sNss∂ aT-Øn-emWv.

VI.8 aØmbn (aØ-®≥) s\ø-t»cn CS-h\]d-ºn¬ Nmt°m-bp-sSbpw h≠-a‰w sagp-I\ - m¬ Gen-bp-sSbpw aIƒ adn-bsØ hnhmlw Ign®p. adnbw 1991˛ Unkw_-dnepw aØ-®≥ 2001 tabv amk-Ønepw I¿Øm-hn¬ \n{Z {]m]n®p. a°ƒ ]Øp-t]-cm-bn-cp∂p.

VI-8 aØmbn (VII) 1 tacn 6 Nn∂Ω

2 X¶-®≥ 7 ^ntem-an\

3 sPbnwkv 8 sXømΩ

4 tPmkv 9 kmen

5 eoemΩ 10 _nt\mbv

VII.9 tacn kn. Im‚nU F∂ t]¿ kzoI-cn®v I¿Ω-eoØm aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂p. Ct∏mƒ Gg-√q¿ aT-Øn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂p.

VII.10 eoemΩ sX°pw-`mKw hS-°pw-]-d-ºn¬ hdp-Kokv Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tXmakv hnhmlw Ign®p. tXmakv sI.Fkv.B¿.Sn.kn. bn¬ tÃj≥ amÃ-dmbn s]≥j≥ ]‰n. eoem-Ω A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv. Ch¿ Ct∏mƒ Icn-a-Æq¿ t]meokv tÃj\p kao]w Xma-kn-°∂p. en≥knbpw entPmbpw a°-fmWv.

VII.11 Nn∂Ω (kn. doh) aZ¿ sXtc-km-bpsS {]kn-≤-amb anj-\-dokv Hm^v Nmcn-‰n k\ymkn\n k`-bn¬ AwK-ambn hnim-J-]-´-WØv tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂p.

VII.12 ^ntem-an\ (kn. _nµp) tPyjvT ktlm-Z-cn-s°m∏w anj-\-dokv Hm^v Nmcn-‰n F∂ k\ymkn\n kaq-l-Øn¬ tN¿∂v B{^n-°-bn¬ {InkvXp-hn-\mbn the sNøp∂p. 294

VII.14 kmen A\m-tcmKyw aqew Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmbn Ign-bp∂p.

VII.15 X¶-®≥ (t]mƒ) hÆ-∏pdw I√w-πm-°n¬ h¿§okv˛tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ X¶-aWnsb (tacn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Hcp aIƒ am{Xw. ssj\n.

VIII.16 ssj\n Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd sIm‰n-bØv ]m∏-®≥ aI≥ t]gvk¨ hnhmlw sNbvXp. akv°‰- n¬ tPmen. a°ƒ {^n≥knem, {^n≥kn. Ct∏mƒ Xr∏qWn-Øp-d-bn¬ Xma-kw.

VII.17 Ip™-®≥ (sPbnwkv) ]mem tacn-em‚ v Iqh-Æn-bn¬ Ipcym-t°m-kn-t‚bpw Cucm-‰p-t]´ I≈n-h-b-en¬ t{Xky-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw Ign®p. GI aI≥ Pn≥kv (amXyp)

VII.18 tPmkv (tPmk^v) hmg-°pfw Xpcp-Øn-∏n≈n tZh-ky-bp-sSbpw B\n-°mSv Np≠-ßbn¬ Gen-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ c≠v en‰n, ent‚m

VII.19 _nt\mbv (h¿Kokv) Imfn-bm¿ {imºn-°¬ tXma-kn-t‚bpw ss]I sImßae-bn¬ A®m-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ ssj\nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tImX-aw-Kew tIm¿∏-td‰v kvIqƒ amt\-Pvsa‚ v Hm^o-kn¬ tPmen. a°ƒ s_≥, sÃ√m

VI.20 tPmkv (tPmk^v) ss]en-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI≥ tPmkv Nß-\m-t»cn t]mf-bv°¬ h¿Ko-kn-s‚bpw tN∂-¶cn tImt°mØv adn-b-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Genbm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Be-∏pg Ahn-ep-Ip-∂n¬ hmb-\im-ebv°v kao]w Xma-kn-°p∂p. Be-∏p-g-bn¬ _nkn-\-€mWv. a°ƒ A©v. 295

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI. 20 tPmkv (VII) 1 sPkΩ

2 tPman-®≥

3 tkmWn-®≥

4 tj¿en

5 eoa

VII.21 sPkΩ IÆq¿ s]cp-º-S-∏p-I-c-bn¬ amaq-´n¬ tXma-kn-t‚bpw, tdmk-Ωbp-tSbw aI≥ kn. ‰n. hdp-Kokv hnhmlw Ign®p. kuØn-¥y≥ _m¶n¬ tPmen-bmWv. a°ƒ Inc¨ (B‚Wn) Bi (tdmkv tacn) \nJn¬ (tXmakv)

tPm¿÷v Ip™pw tacn°p-´nbpw

VI.26 tPm¿÷v

VII.22 tj¿en

(VII)

Nß-\m-t»cn Imhmew If-Øn¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw FS-XzmsIm-gp-∏-°fw adn-b-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tSman tPmk^v tj¿ensb IeymWw Ign®p. Xmakw Ata-cn-°-bn¬. a°ƒ Pbvk¨, s\hn≥

1 tPmfn

2 emen

3 tkmP≥

4 en√n

5 enk

VII.23 eoa (s_‰vkn)

VII.27 emen (adnbw)

_mw•q¿ Cµncm \K¿ ]hn-{Xm-ebw ho´n¬ sk_m-Ãy-s‚bpw tamWn-°-bp-sSbpw aI≥ ]hn-{X≥ hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ cRvP\pw kØn\pw.

Icn-a-Æq¿ Imc-Ip-t∂¬ BK-kvXn-bp-sSbpw, IÆo-‰n¬ {_nPo-‰mbp- s Sbpw aI≥ G{_lmw hnhmlw sNbv X p. a°ƒ ARv P p ({_nPoØ), Acp¨ (AK-Ãn≥), Bi (tacn)

VII.24 tPman-®≥

VII.28 en√n (t{Xky)

Nme-°pSn amf-°c - b - n¬ Aºq-°≥ C´o-cm-bp-sSbpw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw Xøn¬ tdmk-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ ko\sb hnhmlw sNbvXv a[p-c-bn¬ Ib¿ hym]mcw sNøp∂p. a°ƒ aq∂p t]¿ Acp¨, ARvPp, AJn¬.

ASn-amen 14˛mw ssa¬ amdm-t®cn ]pØ-bØv bmt°m-_n-s‚bpw timim-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ t__n (ss]en) hnhmlw Ign®p. k®n≥ (tP°_v) {]XoI (timimΩ) scl≥ (tPm¿÷v) a°ƒ.

VII.25 tkmWn-®≥

VII.29 enk (Gen)

]p\-eq¿ en‰n¬ ^vfh¿ ho´n¬ sk_m-Ãy-s‚bpw {_oPn-‰n-s‚bpw aIƒ hnPn-bmWv `mcy. tkmWn-®≥ akv°‰- n-emWv. a°ƒ Aa¬, AanX.

aqhm-‰p-]pg Ipcn-ipw-aq-´n¬ ]mem-°m-c≥ aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw sXmSp]pg sX°pw-`mKw IZ-fn-°m-´n¬ Beo-kn-s‚bpw aI≥ kPn (tPmk^v) IeymWw Ign®p. a°ƒ c≠v . Ae≥ (amXypkv ) Bjo≥ (tPm¿÷vIp´n)

VI.26tPm¿÷v (tPm¿÷p-Ip™v) ss]en-bpsS Cf-b] - p-{X≥ tPm¿÷v Xe-tbm-e∏ - d- ºv Icn-aT - Ø - n¬ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw, ap≠-°bw I√-d-°¬ t{Xky-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tacn°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXv apX-e-t°m-SØp Xma-kn®p. a°ƒ A©p t]¿. tPm¿Pv 1998 \hw-_¿ 12\pw tacn-°p´n 2001 sk]v‰w-_¿ 11\pw I¿Øm-hn¬ \n{Z {]m]n-®p. 296

VII.30 tPmfn (t]mƒ) sXmSp-]pg sX°pw-`mKw A©m-\n-°¬ sk_m-Ãy≥˛t{XkyΩ aIƒ sPknsb (tacn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ c≠v AizXn (tacn°p´n) tdmj≥ (tPm¿÷p-Ip´n) 297

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w hn\v (A-db - v°¬ Xgp-hw-Ip-∂v) hn‰p-sIm≠v _kv hmßn. ]n∂oSv kz¥whoSpw Ah¿°v Xs∂ hn‰v Xmakw apX-e-t°m-S-Øn\p am‰n.

V.32 amWn (VI) 1 aØmbn

2 Ipcybv]v

3 Gen-°p´n

4 A∂-°p´n

5 {_nPoØ

VI.33 Gen-°p´n (X¶Ω)

tPmfnbpw IpSpw_hpw

tImX-aw-Kew \mSp-ImWn ate-°-≠-Øn¬ ]utemkv A∂-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm¿÷v Nn´n, ^n\m≥kv Iº\n \S-Øp∂p. a°ƒ Nn∂ (^ntem-an\), knknen, amΩ®≥, enkn (ImX-ssd≥)

VII.31 tkmP≥ (tPmk^v)

VI.34 A∂-°p´n

hmg-tØm∏v Ip-Ø\m-∏n-≈n¬ ss]en-bp-sSbpw, Xncp-am-dmSn If∏p-c-bv°¬ adn-b-Øn-s‚bpw aIƒ Pbsb (A∂) hnhmlw Ign®p. sXmSp-]p-g-bn¬ Xma-khpw _nkn-\kpw. c≠p a°ƒ Aa¬, t]mƒ ]Tn-°p∂p.

Bb-h\ Im°-\m´p ho´n¬ Im°p hnhmlw Ign®p. F¬knbpw aWnbpw a°ƒ.

VI.35 {_nPo‰ I√q¿°m´v sh´p-I-t√¬ aØmbn IeymWw Ign®p. a°ƒ Bdv. timimΩ, X¶-®≥, tPm¿÷v, tPmbn, A¬t^m≥km, hnIvtSmdnb.

VI.36 aØmbn amWn-bpsS aqØ ]p{X≥ aØmbn h≠-a‰w sh´p-I-t√¬ Hutk^n-s‚bpw, ]p¬∏-d-ºn¬ Gen-°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aIƒ A∂-°p-´nsb hnhmlw Ign®p. A©p a°ƒ

VI.36 aØmbn (VII) 1 tPm¿÷v tkmP\pw IpSpw_hpw

V.32 amWn aØm-bn-bpsS Cf-b-a-I\pw ss]en-bpsS ktlm-Z-c-\p-amb amWn Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv ]\-¶p-g-bv°¬ t{Xkysb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ip∂Øp Xma-kn®p. a°ƒ A©p-t]-cm-bn-cp∂p. hkvXp kz¥w ktlm-Zc - o-`¿Øm298

2 t{Kkn

3 eqkn

4 Pko¥m

5 {^m≥kokv

VII.37 t{Kkn InS-ßq¿ hb-em- tX-°pw-Im-´n¬ Ipcy≥˛A∂ Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ tPmkv IeymWw Ign®p. tUm¨, Pqen, Pbvk¨ a°ƒ

VII.38 eqkn 299

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

Bb-h\ Iq´p-¶¬ Ip™n]m∏p ˛ t{Xky aI≥ tPmkmWv eqknsb hnhmlw sNbvXXv. c≠p a°ƒ Pnjbpw KoXphpw.

VII.39 Pko¥m ssh°w h√Iw am[-h-t»-cn¬ tPmk^v˛tdmkΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI-\mb tPmkns‚ `mcy-bmWv Pko¥. tPmkv, Pqen, PÃn≥ a°fmWv.

VI.45 Ipcybv∏v amWn-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI≥ Ipcybv∏v tImX-aw-Kew \mSp-ImWn ate-°≠ - Ø - n¬ ]utem-kn-s‚bpw \od-ºpg ap≠-bØv sIm‰Øv A∂°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aIsf IeymWw sNbvXp. t]cv I{Xo\. Ch¿°v a°ƒ Ggp-t]¿.

VI.45 Ipcybv∏v

VII.40 tPm¿÷v hmg-°mem t]g-°m´v Nmt°m-bpsS aIƒ adn-b°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. AΩ- tImSn-°pfw Nmebv°¬. aq∂p a°ƒ.

VII.40 tPm¿÷v 2 _o\

1

2

3

h’Ω

amΩ-®≥

tamfn

4

5

tkmP≥ tPm¨k¨

6

7

tSman

Pbvk¨

VII.46 h’Ω (t{Xky)

(VIII) 1 s_‰n

(VII)

3 _nµp

VIII.41 s_‰n (A∂) ]pd-∏pg ap√-°-cn-bn¬ ]m∏-®-s‚bpw Nocw-Ip-gn-bn¬ tdmk-°p-´nbp-sSbpw aI≥ jmP≥ (kvIdnb) BWv `¿Ømhv. a°ƒ tjmW (tdmkv tacn) tjm¨ (tPm¿÷v)

VIII.42 _o\ (adnbw) Ce™n tkhy¿]pcw ]g-bw-tIm-´n¬ ]o‰-dns‚ aI≥ s_∂n (s_\-UnIvSv) IeymWw Ign®p. Ccp-hcpw Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

s\Sn-b-ime Xm°p-gn-bn¬ t__n (aØmbn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. A∏≥ h¿§okpw AΩ t]cn-b-tIm-´n¬ t{Xkym-Ω-bp-amWv. GI-a-Iƒ {Sokm-tacn.

VII.47 tamfn Bephm ]ø-∏n-≈n¬ ]t{Xmkv˛^ntem-an\m aI≥ Nmt°m-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Nn∂phpw, Nn°phpw a°ƒ.

VII.48 amΩ-®≥ (amWn)

tam\n-∏n≈n Ipf-ßc Ipcy-s‚bpw, Nq≠w-Ip-gn-bn¬ tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ jnt\mPv hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ c≠p-t]cpw tPmenbnemWv.

joe-bmWv `mcy. Bb-h\ Im°-\m´v Im°n-bp-sSbpw A∂-°p´n-bp-sSbpw aIƒ. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v c≠p a°-fm-Wp-≈Xv. sk¬Untamfpw Ipcy\pw. Xfn-∏-d-ºn¬ Xma-kn®v sNº-cØn tlm´epw _mdpw \S-Øp∂p.

VII.44 {^m≥kokv

VII.49 tkmP≥

aØm-bn-bpsS Cfb k¥m-\-amb {^m≥kokv Ipd-hn-e-ßm´v \n∂pw hnhmlw Ign®p. `mcy en√n-bpsS aXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ h≠-\mw-X-SØn¬ adnbw˛tPmk^v Zº-Xn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p. a°ƒ PÃn\pw sPdnbpw.

Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv ]qh-Øp-¶¬ tPm¿÷v˛eqkn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ knkΩ (t{Xky)sb hnhmlw Ign®p. aI≥ sPbn≥ (Ipcym-®≥) _nkn\-kmWv.

300

301

VIII.43 _nµp (eqkn)

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.50 tPm¨k¨ (tPmk^v) IÆq¿ ]øm-hq¿ Ge-hp-¶¬ amWn-bp-sSbpw tacn-°p-´n-bp-tSbpw aIƒ t{Kkn-bmWv `mcy. Ch-cpsS GI aI-\mWv sj¬k¨.

VII.51 tSman

8

sXmSp-]pg A©ncn ht≈-∏-≈n-bn¬ t]mƒ a¿Ø-°p´n aIƒ {]nPnsb (adnbw) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ipcym-®-\mWv aI≥. VII.52 Pbvk¨ tImX-aw-Kew s]cp-a-Æq¿ ]m≠n-a-‰-Øn¬ ˛ tacn aIƒ jnPnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ipcy-bv∏v BWv aI≥.

sN≈p-∏-d-ºn¬ amXyp F∂ ]nXm-hns‚ XrXob k¥m-\-amb h¿°n kz]n-Xm-hns\m∏w Xd-hm-Smb sN≈p-∏-d-ºn¬ Xma-kw XpS¿∂p. ]men-b-°p-t∂¬ Xma-kn® C´n-s®-dnb HgnsI F√m ktlm-Z-c-∑mcpw CXn-\Iw apX-et°m-S-Øn\v Xmakw am‰n-bn-cp∂p.h¿°n Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv \n[ocn-°¬ \n∂p hnhmlw Ign®p. Ch-cpsS k¥m-\-ß-fmWv Ct∏mƒ sN≈q-∏-dºn¬ imJ. h¿°n°v Hcp ]p{X\pw A©p ]p{Xn-amcpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p. h¿°n {]i-kvX-\mb Hcp sshZy-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

III-1h¿°n (IV) 1 Del∂≥

2 3 A∂ t{Xky

4 5 Gen tdmk

6 adnbw

IV - 2 A∂ A∂sb Bb-h\ Im°-\mSv IpSpw-_-Øn¬ hnhmlw sNbvX-b®p. IV - 3 t{Xky Cu ktlm-Z-cnsb ]p∂-a-‰Øp sXt°-°p-t∂¬ IpSpw-_-Ønte°v IeymWw Ign-®-b®p. `¿Øm-hns‚ ac-W-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v cma-]pcØv Dgn-™m-en¬ ho´n-te°v ]p\¿hn-hmlw sNbvX-b®p. IV - 4 Gen hmg-°pfw hma-‰Ø - n¬ IpSpw-_Ø - n-te-°mWv Cu ktlm-Zc - nsb Ab-®Xv. 302

303

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

IV - 5 tdmk

VI-11 tPmk^v (Ip™p-Xp∏v)

Bb-h\ sImtdm-°m´p ho´n¬ hnhmlw sNbvX-b®p. IV - 6 adnbw s\øticn hS-t»-cn- ho-´n¬ hnhm-ln-X-bmb adn-b-Øns‚ BZy`¿Ømhv ac-W-a-S-™-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v ]mem-bn¬ De-l-∂m\v hnhmlw Ign-®p-sIm-SpØp.

Ieq¿ CS-hI AS-∏q¿ ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ De-l-∂m-s‚bpw, hmg°pfw ac-ßm´v (πmtØm´w) adn-b-Øn-s‚bpw aIƒ A ∂ - ° p - ´ n s b hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v A©p-a-°ƒ D≠v. A∂-°p-´n 2007 Pqsse 26\v 102˛mw hb- € n¬ \ncym- X - b mbn. F√m- h cpw kv t \l- ] q¿∆w ‘AΩmbn’ F∂p hnfn-®ncp∂ A∂-°p´n Cfb ]p{X-s\m∏amWv Xmakn-®ncp-∂Xv. sNº-cØn IpSpw-_-Ønse G‰hpw {]mbw-sN∂ hy‡nbm-bn-cp∂p AΩm-bn.

IV-7 De-l-∂m≥ GI- a - I ≥ h≠- a ‰w Ic sh´p- I - t √¬ t{Xkysb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v c≠v B¨a-°ƒ am{X-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.

IV - 7 De-l∂ - m≥ (V) 1 sXmΩ≥

2 h¿°n

V-8 sXmΩ≥ s\ø-ticn ]mS-Øn¬ (CS-∏g- Ø - n¬) sF∏n-t‚bpw, hS-ticn Genbp-tSbpw aIƒ A∂-Ωsb hnhmlw Ign®p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v \mev k¥m-\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p.

V-8 sXmΩ≥ (VI) 1 t{Xky

2 tPmk^v

3 tPm¨

Ip™p-Xp∏pw -A-∂-°p-´nbpw

4 Geoizm

VI-11 tPmk^v (VII)

VI-9 t{Xky Bc-°pg tIm´q¿ (]d-b-∂new) BZyw hnhmlw Ign-®-b-s®¶nepw `¿Ømhv acn-®-Xn-s\-Xp-S¿∂v aÆ-bv°\m-´p-I-c-bn¬ s]´-°m´v tPmWn\v IeymWw Ign®p sImSpØp. Ch¿°v Nn∂Ω, t{XkyΩ (Sr. Dr. Pious), X¶Ω, Ip™v (tPmk^v), cmPΩ, t__n (tXmakv), sPbnwkv F∂n-ßs\ a°ƒ. Ch-cn¬ Sr. Pious, tPmk^v t__n F∂n-h¿ ac-W-a-S™p

1 tXmakv

2 tPm_v

3 sPbnwkv

4 X¶Ω

5 tPmkv

VII-12 X¶Ω B.Sc. B.Ed.

cma-]pcw Xncp-lr-Zb aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂p k`m-hkv{Xw kzoI-cn®p. \nXy-hr-X-Øn\v tijw Gsd-I-gnbpw aptº Znhw-K-X-bmbn.

A¶-amen Ff-hq¿ ]mØm-S≥ tZh-kn-bp-tSbpw \ote-izcw ap´wtXm-´n¬ Geo-iz-bp-tSbpw aI≥ tPmkv ]mØm-S≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. tUm. tPmkv _n.hn.F€n., Kh. k¿∆o-knepw hntZ-iØpw tPmen sNbvXn-cp∂p. K.S.E. Iº-\n-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ sSIv-\n-°¬ amt\-P-cmWv. Xmakw A¶-am-en-bn¬. X¶Ω A≤ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. tkm\m M.A., koh B.Pharm, sk_n B.Tech. a°-fmWv.

304

305

VI-10 Geoizm (Ipt™ew)

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w °p‰n ˛ Ggp-ap´w ss_]mkv. IpSpw-_-tbmKw {]kn-U‚m-bn-cp∂p. Ncn{X-I-Ω‰n AwK-hp-amWv. Ggp-ap-´Øv Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. \mep a°-fm-Wp-≈Xv.

VII-13 Ip™v (ko.sP. tXmakv M. Com.) Xpd- h q¿ awKen sNdn- b m- ® - s ‚bpw, tImX-aw-Kew s]cp-ºn-≈n-®nd I{Xn-°p-´n-bpsSbpw aIƒ ca-Wnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. C≥Uy≥ Hmbn¬ tIm¿∏-td-js‚ Bkmw dnss^-\-dn-bn¬ Gsd \mƒ tPmen sNbvXv ^n\m≥jy¬ amt\-Pc - mbn hnc-an®p. Ct∏mƒ _tdm-Ub - n¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Ggp-ap-´Øv Hcp F¬.]n. kv I qƒ Bcw- ` n- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ mbn 1956˛¬ {io. tXmakv AXy-≤zm\w sNbvXncp∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v c≠p a°-fm-Wp≈Xv.

VII-16 tPm_v (VIII) 1 doa

3 dn_p

4 Pntbm

VIII-17 doa (A∂-°p´n) B.Sc., B.Ed

Ip™pw IpSpw-_hpw

VII-13 tXmakv (VIII) 1 tPm

2 dntPm

2 ]n¶n

VIII-14 ]n¶n (ImX-ssd≥) B.A.

]mem Icq¿ Iq´n-bm-\n-bn¬ tXma-kn-s‚bpw, Nß-\m-t»cn Iƺpg {_nPo-‰n-s‚bpw aI≥ jmPn (Ct·-jykv) hnhmlw Ign®p. jmPn ]mem-bn¬ Cw•ojv acp-∂p-IS \S-Øp∂p. doa Cw•ojv aoUnbw kvIqƒ A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv. a°ƒ _nbm ({_nPo‰v), knbm (knknen)

VIII-18 dntPm (tPmk^v) B.A., M.C.A, M.C.S.E. Ct∏mƒ Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv Hcp {]ikvX Iº-\n-bn¬ s\‰v h¿°v F©n-\o-b-dmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. Xpd-hq¿, ]mem´n h¿§okv˛kmdmΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ sPbn≥ {Soksb hnhmlw sNbvXp. sPbn≥ {Sok Ab¿e‚n¬ B.Sc. t\gvkmbn tPmen sNøp-∂p.

Xriq¿ hmh-°c X®n¬ (X´n¬) t]mƒ en√n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ s_≥kn hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]q\-bn-em-bn-cp∂p tPmen. Ct∏mƒ tIm´bØv _nkn-\kv \S-Øp∂p. a°ƒ s_mWn‰m, t]mƒ

VIII-19 dn_p (tXmakv) B. Com, M.B.A, MCSE, M.Phil.

VIII-15 tPm (tPmk^v) B.E.

VIII-20 Pntbm (tPm¿Pp-Ip´n) B.A., B.Ph., B.Th.

Xriq¿ Nn‰n-e-∏n≈n t]tgm-en-∏-d-ºn¬ tPmk^v˛knknen aIƒ \nΩnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ F©n-\o-b-dmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. GI-a-Iƒ \nXy.

AP-]m-e\ - Ø - n-\m-bp≈ ssZh-hnfn kzoI-cn®v tImX-aw-Kew cq]Xm skan-\m-cn-bn¬ tN¿∂p. s]‰n-sk-an-\mcn ]T-\hpw, ^ntem-k^n tImgvkpw XpS¿∂v doP≥knbpw ]q¿Øn-bm°n. Ct∏mƒ awK-e-∏pg skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-T\w \S-Øp∂p.

VII-16 tPmhm-®≥ (kn.sP. tPm_v) B.A. Be-∏pg ssI\-Icn \ßn-®n-ho-´n¬ tPmk^v, ap≠-∏n≈n tdmkΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ Ip™-Ωsb (knknen) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Gsd°mew Ggp-ap´w k¿∆okv kl-I-cW _m¶ns‚ {]kn-U‚mbpw Icn-aÆq¿ ]©m-bØv saº-dmbpw tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®n-´p≠v. Ggp-ap´w t]mtÃm-^okpw, F¬.]n. kvIqfn-te-°p≈ hnim-e-amb tdmUpw {io tPm_ns‚ hnI-k-\ {]h¿Ø\-ß-fmWv. s]mXp-Im-cy-{]-k-‡-\mb At±lw FXn¿∏p-Isf \njv{]-`a - m°n t\Sn-sb-Sp-ØX - mWv ]pXnb Rdp306

Iºyq-´¿ t{]m{Km-anwKv FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv Bbn Hcp ]pcm-X\ enan‰Uv Iº-\n-bn¬ tPmen t\m°n-h-cp∂p.

VII-21 sPbnwkv (tUm. sPbnwkv sNº-cØn) Nme-°pSn Ip‰n-°mSv Icn-∏mbn sIm®p-h-do-Xns‚bpw Xqºm-t°mSv ap≠≥amWn Xm≠-bp-tSbpw aIƒ en√n ({So-k) sb hnhmlw Ign®p. Ipsd-°mew FtXym-]y-bn¬ Bbn-cp∂p tPmen. tIcf k¿°m¿ arK-kw-c£ - W hIp-∏n¬ U]yq´n Ub-dI - vSd- m-bn-cns° ac-W-a-S-™p. a°ƒ c-≠p-t]-cm-Wv. 307

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w 1 _nPp

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VII-21 sPbnwkv (VIII)

2 _n\p

hnhmlw sNbvXp. sXmSp-]p-g-bn¬ _nkn-\-€mWv. aq∂v B¨a-°ƒ BWp-≈Xv.

VIII-22 _n\p B.Sc., M.B.A. Xr»q¿ Ipcn-b-®nd ]m\n-Ipfw t__n˛t]fn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ B≥tPm hnhmlw Ign®p. _mw•q-cnse tPmen°v tijw Ct∏mƒ FdWm-Ip-f-Øm-Wv. B≥tPm _lp-cmjv{S Iº-\-bnse F©n-\o-b-dmbpw _n\p Sm‰m I¨kƒ´≥kn k¿∆o-kkn¬ dn{Iq-´nwKv Hm^o-k-dmbpw tPmen sNøp∂p. tcml\pw sS\n-bbpw a°ƒ.

VIII-23 _nPp B.V.Sc. & A.H. (tUm. _nPp. sP. sNº-cØn) ImeSn a‰q¿ IpSn-bn-cn-∏n¬ B‚Wn ˛ A\-kvXmknb Zº-Xn-IfpsS aIƒ jo\sb hnhmlw Ign®p. tIcf k¿°m¿ k¿∆o-kn¬ sh‰-dn-\dn k¿P-\mbn Ct∏mƒ sXmSp-]p-g-bn-ep≈ CSp°n Pn√m sh‰dn-\dn tI{µ-Øn-em-Wv. tZml-bn¬ \n∂pw {lkz-Ime ]cn-io-e\w t\Sn. sh‰-dn-\-dn, ssh.-Fw.-kn.-F., tPko-kv, tdm´dn XpS-ßnb kwL-S-\-Ifn¬ kPo-hw. jo\ M.Sc.B.Ed. sXmSp-]pg hna-e ]ªnIv kvIqfn¬ A≤ym]n-I-bmWv. a°ƒ c≠v. Pbnwkv (hmh-®≥) B‚-®≥ (AeIvkv)

tPmkpw IpSpw-_hpw AΩ-tbmsSm∏w

VII-24 tPmkv (VIII) 1 sP{^o

2 tPm¿Un

3 t‰mw

VIII-25 sP{^o (Hutk-∏-®≥) B.Tech. ImØenIv dneo^v k¿∆okkns‚ C¥ybnse sF.Sn. amt\Pcmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. Beph Iqc≥ ho-´n¬ tdmbn˛tdmknen aIƒ {ipXn (MA,B.Ed.)sb hnhmlw Ign-®p. Ct∏mƒ Ccp-hcpw sslZcm-_m-Zn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

VIII-26 tPm¿Un (tImc-®≥) B.Sc. (Electro) Hardware ]nXm-hns\m∏w _n-kn-\kv amt\Pv sNøp-Ib - pw, kz¥-ambn Iºyq´¿ hn¬]-\bpw, k¿hokpw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

VIII-27 t‰mw (tXma-kp-Ip´n) M.B.A. _nPphpw IpSpw-_hpw AΩ-tbm-sSm∏w

VII-24 tPmkv (tPmk^v)

tamt´mtdmf Iº\nbnse Gjym˛]k^nIv taJebpsS H.R. A\enÃv Bbn U¬lnbn¬ tPmen t\m°p∂p.

VI-28 tPm¨ (tUm. tPm¨ sNº-cØn L.M.P., L.O)

ap´pNnd \ocm-°¬ (apcn-bv°≥) tImc-bp-tSbpw tIm°-aw-Kew tNmt∂mØv t{Xkym- Ω - b p- t Sbpw aIƒ ^n√- Ω sb (^ntem- a n\)

tImgn-t°mSv kztZin tUm. sFUm s{Kbn-kns\ hnhmlw sNbvXp. sXmSp-]p-g-bnse BZysØ Atem-∏Xn tUmIvS-dmbn sNº-cØn tlmkv]n‰¬ \S-Øn. c≠p a°ƒ.

308

309

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VI-32 t{Xky (Sr. Itcm-en\)

VI-28 tPm¨ (VII) 1 h’

I¿Ω-enØm aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂v 1939˛¬ k`m-hkv{Xw kzoI-cn®p. sslkvIqƒ A≤ym-]n-I-bmbn Zo¿L-Imew tPmen t\m°n. 29.4.74¬ `mKy-a-cWw {]m]n®p.

2 tSmw

VII-29 h’ B.Sc.

VI-33 tacn (Sr. B©-eqkv)

sXmSp-]pg Im∏n¬ AUz. tZhky Im∏-s‚bpw Iq´n-bm-\n-°¬ tdmk-°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tPmbn (kndn-bIv) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Atacn-°-bn¬ h°o-embn tPmen sNbvXp hcsh shSn-tb‰v ac-W-a-S™p. a°ƒ tUm. tPmk^v Im∏n¬, tUm. {InÃ-^¿ Im∏n¬, tUm. B≥acnb F√m-hcpw Ata-cn-°-bn¬.

Bc-°pg I¿Ω-eoØm aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂p. {]K¤-bmb A≤ym-]n-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p. c≠p-{]m-hiyw I¿ΩeoØm k`-bpsS s{]mhn≥jym-fmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°s∏-´n-cp∂p. aZ¿ P\-d-ens‚ D]-tZ-i-I-k-anXn AwKam-bn-cp∂p. 2001˛P\p-hcn 1˛mw XobXn \nXy-Xb - n-te°v bm{X-bmbn.

VII-30 tSmw (tUm. tSmw tPm¨) awK-em-]p-cØ - p-\n∂pw tUm. A\nXm s^¿Wm-≠k - n-s\-bmWv tSmw hnhmlw sNbv X Xv . Ct∏mƒ c≠p- t ]cpw Ata- c n- ° - b n¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. c≠p s]¨a-°ƒ. s{Kbnkv, A\p

V-31 h¿°n De-l-∂ms‚ c≠m-asØ aI≥ h¿°n amdnI s]m∂m´v BK-kvXn-bpsS ktlm-Zcn A∂-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. `mcym-hn-c-lsØ-Øp-S¿∂v h¿°n Bc-°pg aWn-bm´v Ipcp- h n- f - b psS aIƒ A∂- Ω sb ]p\¿hnhmlw Ign®p. Ch¿°v Bdp a°-fmbn-cp∂p. h¿°n Hcp Bbp¿t∆Z NnIn-’-I\m-bn-cp-∂p.

2 t{Xky

3 hdp-Kokv

4 tacn 310

AK-Xn-I-fpsS ktlm-Z-cn-Iƒ F∂ k\ymk k`mw-K-am-Wv. ]g-ß-\mSv ka-cn-‰≥ tlmkv]n-‰-ens‚ XpS°w Ipdn-®Xv kn. kqk-∂-bm-bn-cp∂p. At\Iw ]pXnb aT-߃ XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\pw knÿ t\XrXzw \¬In. Ct∏mƒ NpW- ß w- t hen aT- Ø n¬ hn{iaPohnXw.

VI-35 Gen-°p´n (Sr. tdmkn‰m) B.Sc., B.Ed. `c-W-ßm\w ¢mc-a-T-Øn¬ tN¿∂v k\ym-kn-\nbmbn. Zo¿L-Imew `c-W-ßm\w sslkvIq-fn¬ ]Tn∏n® tijw s]≥j-\mbn. Ct∏mƒ XnS-\mSv aT-Øn¬ hn{i-a-Po-hnXw \bn-®p-h-cp∂p. h¿°n-bpsS `mcy A∂Ω

V-31 h¿°n (VI) 1 tPm¨

VI-34 A∂ (Sr. kqk∂)

5 A∂

6 Gen-°p´n

VI-36 tPm¨ (]m∏-®≥) I√q¿°mSv _Xvetlw sXt°-°c sF∏v \od-ºpg˛tacn Zº-XnI-fpsS aIƒ I{Xo-\sb hnhmlw sNbvXv saøm-dns‚ I-c-bn¬ Hcp amfnI ]WnXv Xma-k-ambn. Ggp-ap´w k¿∆okv _m¶ns‚ {]kn-U‚mbn-cp∂p. Icn-a-Æq¿ ]©m-bØv saº-dmbpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p≠v. Ct∏mƒ kl-I-cW _m¶v \n¬°p∂ ÿew {io. tPmWpw ktlmZ≥ hdp-Kokpw IqSn kw`m-h\ sNbvXX - mWv. a°ƒ c≠mWpw c≠v s]Æpw. 311

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VIII-40 ssl_n (ImX-ssd≥) a‰-Øn-∏md hen-bI - p-t∂¬ Ipcym-t°mkv Gen-bmΩ Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ sdPn (Ipcym-t°mkv) hnhmlw sNbvXp. GI-a-I≥ tSmWn kvIqfn¬.

VIII-41 tPmWn-®≥ (tPm¨ F^v. sNº-cØn) Im™n-c-∏≈n Ip∂w-`mKw ]≈n- ]¥n-cp-th-en¬ Ipcp-hnf˛tacnbΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ an\n (A¬t^m≥km) sb hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ {^m≥knkpw B≥a-cn-bbpw.

]m∏-®\pw I{Xo-\bpw

VI-36 tPm¨ (VII) 1 {^m≥knkv

2 eo\mΩ

3 tPm¿Pp-Ip´n

4 tacn

VII-37 eo\mΩ (tUm. A∂-°p´n) M.D. Imhmew hmS-∏-d-ºn¬ (apcn-bv°≥) h°-®≥ tdmk-°p´n Zº-XnI-fpsS aI≥ tPmk^v (A∏-®≥) M.Sc. hnhmlw sNbvXp. eo\mΩ ^vtfmdn-U-bn¬ Hcp Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬ ]oUn-bm-{Sn-jy≥ Bbpw A∏-®≥ Hcp Iº-\n-bn¬ sIan-Ãmbpw tPmen t\m°p∂p. a°ƒ amØ-®≥, tPmWn-®≥. Ccp-hcpw tUmIvS¿am-cmWv.

VII-38 tacn ]md-°-Shp ]≈n taa\ amWn ˛ I{Xo\m Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw Ign®p. Ct∏mƒ t]cm-hq¿ SuWn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. do\, a\p, an\n, ssee, F¬kn, tPmjn, tPmbn. Ggp a°ƒ.

tPmWn-®\pw Ip-Spw-_hpw AΩbpw

VII-42 tPm¿Pp-Ip´n aWn-ae Icn-°m-´q¿ ]pfn-b≥am-°¬ kvIdn-bb - p-tSbpw Gd-ºmSw t{Xky-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tacn-°p´n (Gen-bmΩ)sb hnhmlw Ign®p. tacn°p´n tImX-aw-Kew tIm¿∏-td‰v kvIqfp-I-fn¬ Zo¿L-\mƒ A≤ym-]n-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p. a°ƒ A©v.

VII-39 {^m≥knkv (Ip™v) t]mØm-\n-°mSv Iq‰-∏n-≈n¬ tPmk^v, Im°\mSv Gen-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ A∂-°p-´nsb hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ c≠v.

VII-39 {^m≥knkv (VIII) 1 tPm¨

2 ssl_n 312

tPm¿÷pIp´nbpw IpSpw-_hpw 313

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII-42 tPm¿÷pI-p´n (VIII) 1 A\ojv

2 A\ne

3 Acp¨

4 Bjven

5 Ae≥

VIII-43 A\ne. B.Com, M.B.A. sh≈- b mw- I pSn Ih- f - ° m´v tPmk^v sImgp- h - \ m¬ thg- º tØm´w˛tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ F©n-\n-b¿ tdmbn (F{_lmw) hnhmlw Ign®p. aIƒ Fwe≥ (acnb). A\ne Hcp ss{]h‰v Iº-\nbn¬ amt\-P-cmbpw tdmbn ‰n.hn.Fkv. Xriq¿ imJ-bn¬ h¿Ivkv amt\P-cmbpw tPmen sNøp∂p.

AcpWpw IpSpw-_hpw

VIII-44 A\ojv B.Pharm.

VIII-46 Bjven B.P.T.

]mem ]Xn-bn¬ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw, ]g-bnSw tdmk-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ B¬^nsb ({_nPo‰v) hnhmlw sNbvXp. A\ojv ^m¿a-knÃmbpw, B¬^n H°n-t∏-j-W¬ sXdm-∏n-Ãmbpw Ata-cn-°-bn¬ ^vtfmdn-U-bnse Smw]-bn¬ tPmen t\m°p∂p. c≠p a°ƒ A{Un-b≥ tPm¿Pv, ARvPen Fen-k-_-Øv.

sXmSp-]p-gb - nse {][m\ Bip-]{- Xn-If - n-sem-∂mb FIvk¬kn-b¿ tlmkv]n-‰-ense ^nkntbm sXdm-∏n-ÃmWv.

VIII-47 Ae≥ B.Tech. Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv B‚ v IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ F©n-\o-bd- nw-Kn¬ D]cn-]-T-\w- \-S-Øp-∂p.

VI-48 Ip™q™v (kn.hn. hdp-Kokv B.A., B.T.)

A\ojpw IpSpw-_hpw

VIII-45 Acp¨ B.P.T. Ipdn®n s]mSn-∏md Imhn-Ømsg Nmt°m DÆmw-Ip-t∂¬ td®¬ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ ªkn (adnbw)bmWv `mcy. Acp¨ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-∏n-ÃmWv. c≠v a°ƒ. Fbv©-e, AtUm-Wn-b. 314

Ip™q™pw IpSpw_hpw h¿°n-bpsS ZznXob ]p{X-\mb hdp-Kokv `c-W-ßm\w CS-hI 315

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

ss]I-S- AUz. am\p-h-en-s‚bpw ]mem Ipgn-th-en¬ (I´-°bw) A∂bpsSbpw aIƒ s]ÆΩ (tacn)sb hnhmlw Ign®p. hdp-Kokv Zo¿L-Imew tImX-aw-Kew tIm¿∏-td‰v amt\-Pvsa‚ v kvIqfp-I-fn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbpw slUvam-Ã-dmbpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p≠v. {]i-kvX\mb A≤ym-]-I\pw {]K-¤-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p At±lw. Ggpap´sØ Xd-hm-´p-`-h-\-Øn¬ hn{i-a-Po-hnXw \bn®ph-cth 2006 Pqsse 4 \v \ncym-X-\mbn. a°ƒ Ggp-t]-cmWv.

fn¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. IpSpw_ Ncn{X IΩn‰n-bnse AwK-amWv. hS°≥ ]d-hq-cn¬ Xmakw.

VI-48 hdp-Kokv (VII) 1 2 h°-®≥ amWn-®≥

3 ssee

4 5 tPmWn-®≥ Cu∏-®≥

6 kmen

7 tPmhm≥

VII-49 ssee B.Sc, B.Ed., LLB Rmd-bv°¬ ]ø-∏n-≈n tPmk-^n-s‚bpw, t__n-bp-sSbpw aI≥ sska¨ B.Sc. hnhmlw sNbvXp. t_mws_ thmƒ´mkv C≥Uy-bn¬ Zo¿L-Imew tPmen sNbvXv AhnsS Xma-kn®p. s]≥j≥ ]‰nb tijw Ct∏mƒ IpSpw-_-k-taXw Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. aqØ aI≥ ken¬ M.Tech. Ata-cn-°-bnepw aIƒ koa B.Sc. `¿Ømhv tSmtPm Im´p-°m-c-s\m∏w {_qsW-bn-ep-amWv.

VII-50 kmen (tacn) B.Sc., B.Ed. H√q¿ I≈n-bØv {^m≥kn-kn-s‚bpw, aqgn-°pfw XmSn-°m-c≥ {Sok-bp-sSbpw aI≥ t‰m_n (dmt^¬) B.Tech. hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ skdo\, sado\. apwss_°v kao]w Xms\-bn¬ Xma-kw.

VII-51 tPmhm≥ M.S.W., LLB Fd-Wm-Ipfw amºn-≈n tPmWn-s‚bpw Im™q¿ CS-t»-cn¬ F’n-bp-sSbpw aI≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ (dqs∏¿´v) MA, MSW, MBA, Ph.D BWv hnhmlw Ign-®Xv. aI≥ tbml≥ (tPm¨) Xmakw Im°-\m-Sv.

VII-52 h°-®≥ (s{]m^. tPm¿Pv hn. sNº-cØn M.Sc, M.Phil) ]pØ≥]-≈n Xfn-bØv AUz. tP°-_n-s‚bpw H√q¿ I√q-°mc≥ en√n-bp-tSbpw aIƒ t__n B.Sc. sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. h°-®≥ amey-¶c Fkv.F≥.Fw. tImtf-Pn¬ ck-X-{¥-hn-`mKw ta[m-hn-bm-bn-cp∂p. Fw.Pn. k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bnse ck-X-{¥-hn-`m-Kw t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUo-kn¬ AwK-w, ]co£m t_m¿Up-I-fn¬ sNb¿am≥ F∂o \ne-I316

h°-®\pw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw

VII-52 h°-®≥ (VIII) 1 tacn ]mhnb

2 B≥ Um-enb

VIII-53 tacn ]mhnb B.Tech. Im™n-c-∏≈n Ipcn-ipw-aq-´n¬ sPbnwkv-˛adnbw Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tUmWn (sUman-\nIv) B.Tech. IeymWw Ign®p. _lp-cmjv{S Iºyq-´¿ Iº-\n-I-fn¬ tPmen sNbvXv Ccp-hcpw _mw•q-cn¬ Xma-kn°p∂p. Ch¿°v Hcp -a-I≥. Bc¨. VIII-54 B≥ Um-enb B.Tech. sIm®n≥ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂pw _n-.sS-Iv. FSpØ tijw Ct∏mƒ sNss∂-bn¬ Sn.-kn.-F-kv. Iº-\n-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p.

VII-55 amWn-®≥ (tUm. am\p-h¬ hn. sNº-cØn M.D. FACC) ]p\-eq¿ Iq´-Ød sI.H. Ipcp-hn-fb - p-tSbpw Ipa-cIw X®md tUmfnbp-tSbpw aIƒ kqk≥ k_o-\sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ata-cn-°b - nse eqbn-kn-bm\ kwÿm-\-ØmWv Xmakw. Ahn-SpsØ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Im¿Un-tbm-f-Pn-ÃmWv. a°ƒ {InÃo-\bpw Ãoh\pw (tPm¿Pv) AhnsS Xs∂ ]Tn-°p∂p. 317

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VII-57 Cu∏-®≥ (tUm. tPmk^v hn. sNº-cØn M.S. FRCS) G‰p-am-\q¿ sh´n-ap-Iƒ ht≈mw-{]-bn¬ tZh-ky-bp-sSbpw CS-a‰w ap≠m´pNp≠-bn¬ sken-s‚bpw aIƒ tUm. joe (sXtck)sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p-t]cpw ]me acn-b≥ sk‚dnepw Ham-\n¬ Kh¨sa‚ v k¿∆o-knepw tPmen sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ kIp-Spw_w Im\-U-bn-emWv. a°ƒ \nIn-Xbpw AZnXnbpw AhnsS ]Tn-°p∂p.

amW-n®\pw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw

VII-56 tPmWn-®≥ (tPm¨ hn. sNº-c-Øn) B.Sc, H.M.C.T. DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ tIm´q¿ A{_-lm-an-s‚bpw ]pXp-°mSv IÆØv tacnbp-tSbpw aIƒ kmen B.Sc, B.Ed. BWv `mcy. tPmWn-®≥ hnZym`ymkm\¥cw t_mws_-bnse Oberoi Towers, Centaur Airport Hotel F∂nhn-S-ß-f-nepw Al Manzoor Melia-Iraq, St. George Hotel Dubai F∂n-hn-S-ßfnepw tPmen sNbvXp. tPmen-bn¬ \n∂pw kzbw hnc-an®v Ct∏mƒ Ggpap-´Øv Xd-hm-´p-`-h-\-Øn\p kao]w hoSp-]-WnXv Xma-kn-°p∂p. IpSpw_-tbmKw sk{I-´-dn-bmWv. aIƒ tkmWnb (tacn) tImX-aw-K-eØv F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kn\v ]Tn-°p∂p.

Cu∏-®\pw IpSpw-_hpw

tPmW-n®\pw IpSpw-_hpw 318

319

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w IV.3 A∂Ω A∂-Ωsb Gg-√q¿ h´-°p-t∂¬ sF∏v hnhmlw sNbvXp. sF∏v, Nmt°m, aØmbn F∂n-h¿ Cu Zº-Xn-I-fpsS a°ƒ BWv.

9

IV.4 {_n»n {_n»nsb s]cp-º-≈n-®nd ]me-°m´p DXp-∏ns‚ aI≥ Hutk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v DXp∏v, ss]tem≥, adn-bΩ, A∂Ω, F∂n-ßs\ \mep a°ƒ D≠v.

If-∏p-c-bn¬

IV.5 t{Xkym

amXyp-hns‚ \mem-asØ ]p{X-\mb ss]en-bmWv Cu imJ-bpsS ]nXmhv. s]cp-ºn-≈n-®nd `mKØv IpSpw_ hI-bmbn D≠m-°n-bn-cp∂ If-∏p-c-bn-tebv°v Xmakw am‰n-b-Xn-\m¬, ]n¬°m-eØv, If-∏p-c-bn¬ F∂-dn-bs - ∏´p. B `mKØp Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ {]i-kvXa - mb amWn-°p-t∂¬ Xd-hm-´nse c≠v Ah-Imin s]¨a-°-fn¬ aqØ-k-tlm-Zcn adn-bsØ ss]en hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v A©p s]¨a-°fpw aq∂v B¨a-°fpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p. 1925 Pq¨ 7 \v 103-˛masØ hb€n¬ ss]en ac-W-a-S-™p.

t{Xkymsb Ieq¿°mSv If- ∏ p- c - b v ° ¬ aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp. GI aI≥ tPmk^v (Ip™m∏v)

IV.6 tdmk A©m-asØ aIƒ tdmksb taa-Sßv N°m-eb - v°¬ De-l∂ - m≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Hcp aI\pw c≠p s]¨a-°fpw D≠v.

IV.7 sXmΩ≥ imJm ]nXmhv ss]en-bpsS aqØ aI≥ sXmΩ≥ Ipd-hn-eßmSv]≈n \n[o-cn°¬ ho´n¬ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu ZºXn-Iƒ°v aq∂p a°ƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂p.

III - 1 ss]en

IV - 7

(IV) 1 adnbw

2 A∂

3 {_n»n

4 t{Xkym

sXmΩ≥ (V)

5 tdmk

6 7 sXmΩ≥ aØmbn

8 ss]en

1 ss]en

2 adnbw

3 A∂

IV.2 adnbw

V.8 adnbw

aqØ aIƒ adn-bsØ AS-∏q¿ IpSpw_ ÿm]I ]nXm-hmb Del-∂ms‚ aI≥ Ipcy≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. adnbw˛Ipcy≥ Zº-Xn-IfmWv sh≈mcwIm´n¬ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ apØ-—\pw apØ-»nbpw. Ch¿°v De-l∂ - m≥, Nmt°m, sXmΩ≥, Hutk^v, adnbw, A∂Ω F∂nßs\ Ggv a°-fmWv. CXn¬ Cfb aI≥ Hutk-^ns‚ sIm®p-a-I≥ tkhy¿ (Ip™q™v) sshZo-I-\mbn tkh-\-a-\p-jvSn-°p∂p. Cu IpSpw_w Ct∏mƒ ]gp-°m-Ip-fØp Xma-kn-®p-h-cp∂p.

adn-bsØ s\ø-t»cn amfn-tb-°¬ eq°m hnhmlw sNbvXp. AXn¬ D≠mb GI aI\pw Xma-kn-bmsX eq°mbpw acn®p. AXn-\ptijw adn-bsØ Ce-™n-bn¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp-sb-¶nepw a°ƒ D≠mbn√.

320

321

V.9 A∂ A∂sb s\ø-t»cn hS-t»-cn-bn¬ Hutk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Hcp aI\pw aq∂p s]¨a-°fpw D≠v.

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

V.10 ss]en

VII.15 tacn-°p´n

ss]en ssae-s°mºv a©-∏n-≈n¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aIƒ {_n»nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v Bdp a°ƒ D≠mbncp∂p.

tacn-°p-´nsb \mK-∏pg tXm´p-]p-dØp ss]en aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v tXma€v, t]mƒ (sIm®p-Ip™v), tPmkv, {^m≥kokv, t__n, kn_n, tdmknen, CØmΩ (enkn) Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

V˛-10

ss]en

VII.16 Gen-°p´n

VI 1 sXmΩ≥

2 aØmbn

3 De-l-∂≥

4 A∂Ω

5 Gen-°p´n

6 {_nPoØ

VI.11 A∂Ω A∂-Ωsb apX-et- °mSw a©-∏n-≈n¬ aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v tPm¨, tPmk^v, tXmakv F∂v aq∂p a°ƒ D≠mbn. Cu aØm-bn-bpsS ktlm-Zc - n-sb-bmWv A∂-Ωb - psS ktlm-Zc - ≥ De-l∂ - ≥ hnhmlw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv

H‰-√q¿ Ic-bn¬ Agn-I-Æn-°¬ amXyp-hn-t‚bpw ]mem IpS-°®nd adn- b - Ø n- s ‚bpw aI≥ A{_mlw hnhmlw sNbv X p. GI aI-\mWv tSman-®≥.

VII.17 tPmk^v sXmΩs‚ aqØ-a-I≥ sX°pw-`mKw h≈-a-‰-Øn¬ sIm®p-]p-cbv°¬ Ipcym-t°m-bp-tSbpw ]pd-Øn-\Øv amΩn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ adn-b°p´n (amΩn)sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v A©p a°ƒ D≠v. hn≥k‚ v Un. t]mfns‚ BPo-\m-¥-{]-h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

VI.12 Gen-°p´n Gen-°p´n NpW-ßpw-then Fkv. Un. aTØn¬ tN¿∂v kn. Ãm≥kve F∂ t]cv kzoI-cn®v t\gvkmbn tkh\w sNbvXn-cp∂p.

VI.13 {_nPoØm {_nPoØm AtUm-td-j≥ aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂v kn. Xntbm-^n≥ F∂ t]cp kzoI-cn®v tkh\w sNbvXp-hcp∂p.

tPmk^pw `mcybpw

VII -17 tPmk^v

VI.14 sXmΩ≥ s]cn- ß g Cug- ® m- e n¬ tdmksb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v 6 a°ƒ

VI-14 sXmΩ≥ 2 ss]en

3 h¿°n

4 tXma€v 322

2 tdmkΩ

4 tacn

5 F¬kΩ

VIII.18 tdmkΩ (s]ÆΩ)

(VII) 1 tPmk^v

1 tXma€v

(VIII) 3 t{XkymΩ

5 tacn-°p´n

6 Gen-°p´n

tdmk-Ωsb Ieq¿°mSv CS-hI hS-t°-∏p-c-bv°¬ sF∏v, tdmk Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tXma€v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ubnkn, \n¿Ωe, X¶-®≥, tPman, tkmP≥, Pn≥kv, F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv. 323

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII - 22 tXmakv

VIII.19 t{XkymΩ (sken≥) t{Xkym- Ω sb aqhm- ‰ p- ] pg IÆm- Ø p- I pgn aØmbn, tdmk Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Zo], tPm_n≥ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.20 tacn (Ip´n-bΩ) aq°-∂q¿ Ic-bn¬ ]pXp-t»-cn¬ sNdn-bm≥, Gen, Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v PnΩn, \nt°m F∂ c≠p a°ƒ D≠v.

VIII.21 F¬kΩ \Sp-°c Im™n-cw-Ip-t∂¬ sF∏v - A∂ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPmfn hnhmlw sNbvXp. ‰m\n, ‰o\, ‰mPn Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

1 sadn≥

(IX) 2 tPmkv

3 sjdn≥

IX.23 sadn≥ s\ø-t»cn Ben-e-°p-gn-bn¬ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw A∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p-t]cpw Ct∏mƒ Cw•-≠n¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. aIƒ A\o\.

IX.24 sjdn≥ U¬ln kztZin tUm. Aa¿ hnhmlw sNbvXv c≠p t]cpw Cw•≠n¬ tPmen sNbvXp-h-cp∂p.

IX.25 tPmkv hnhmlw Ign-®n-´n√.

VIII.22 tXma€v (t__n)

VII.26 ss]en (Ip™∏n)

Ab¿°p∂w sIm®p-a-e-°p-t∂¬ A{_mlw-˛Gen-°p´n Zº-XnI-fpsS aIƒ eqknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. eqkn apX-e-t°mSw sk‚ v tPm¿÷vkv bp.]n. kvIqƒ A≤ym-]n-Ib - mbn tPmen sNbvXn-cp∂p. sadn≥ (adnbw) tPmkv, sjdn≥ (Gen) Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

sXmΩs‚ c≠m-asØ aI≥ Icn-a-Æq¿ ]≈n-bv°m-apdn ]d-bn-SØn¬ AK-Ãn≥ adnbw aIƒ A∂-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ggp a°-fmWv.

t__nbpw IpSpw-_hpw

Ip™-∏nbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

324

325

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VIII.31 tdmbn

VII - 26 ss]en 1 2 tXma€v kmen

3 tPmbn

(VIII) 4 5 tdmbn kmt‚m

6 s\¬k¨

7 \nj

]q™m¿ hc-Ip-Im-em-bn¬ Nmt°m˛t{Xkym Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tj¿en (tdmk)sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. B≥{Sokm GI aI-fmWv.

VIII.32 kmt‚m B.Com.

VIII.27 kmen \oeq¿ ss]IS amXyp, {_nPoØm Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. A\p-tamƒ, B≥k¨ F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.28 \nj Ieb¥m\n I√nSp°¬ ]p∂qkv˛Gen°p´n aI≥ t_m_n hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VIII.29 tXma€v (tUm. kn.]n. tXmakv sNº-cØn MBBS, DCH) ss]I Ip∂-∏≈n tPmk-^n-t‚bpw adn-b-°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aIƒ B\nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tXmakv tIcfm Kh¨sa‚ v saUn-°¬ k¿∆o-kn¬ ]oUn-bm-{SnIv hn`mKw kvs]jy-enÃv BWv. Ipsd-°mew hntZ-iØv tPmen sNbvXn-cp∂p. tdmWn (ss]en), tPmk^v F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv. Xmakw ]mem-bn¬.

kmt‚m-bpw IpSpw-_hpw ap≠-°bw C©n-bm\n Ic-bn¬ Bb-√q¿ aymen¬ tZhkym A∂ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tagvkn (adn-bΩ)sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. kmt‚m, CSp°n Pn√m kl-Ic - W _m¶n¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. tagvkn Kh¨sa‚ v kvIqƒ A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv. B¬^n≥ (t]mƒ), Aeo\ (B≥ta-cn), sk_m-Ãy≥ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.33 s\¬k¨ sNdp-hm-≠q¿ s\Sn-bm-\n-bn¬ h¿§okv˛eoemΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ cmPn (tacn) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. cmPn Ab¿e-≠n¬ t\gvkmWv. s•≥ aI-\mWv.

VII.34 h¿§okv (h¿°n°p™v)

tSmanbpw IpSpw-_hpw

sXmΩs‚ aq∂m-aØ aI≥ h¿§okv Icn-¶p∂w H‰-√q¿ sh≈-cnßm´v sF∏n-t‚bpw aq™-\m´v Gen-°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aIƒ t{Xkym-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v 5 a°-fp≠v.

VII-34 h¿§okv

VIII.30 tPmbn s\ø-t»cn Xpcp-Øn-∏n-≈n¬ tPmk^v-A∂ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tagvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. sÃ^n≥ (t]mƒ) sP^n≥ (tPmk^v) Ch¿ a°-fmWv. 326

(VIII) 1 tPmbn-®≥

2 tPm∏-®≥

4 h°-®≥ 327

4 eo\

5 amXyqkv

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.35 eo\ B.Com. ss]tßm-´q¿ h´-∏-≈n-bn¬ aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw adn-b-Øn-s‚bpw aI≥ tPmk^v (PntPm) hnhmlw sNbvXp. aIƒ adnbw.

sXmΩ-®s‚ Cfb aI≥ tXmakv ]ng-Iv -am-º-d-ºn¬ (Imhm-eØv) tPmk-^n-t‚bpw cma-]pcw Agn-I-Æn-bn¬ Gen-°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aIƒ adn-b-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©p a°ƒ D≠v.

VII-40 tXma€v

VIII.36 tPmbn-®≥ (tXma€v) ssI\-Icn aqe-°m-´n¬ \ß®nho´n¬ B‚Wn, Icn-a‰w knknen Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ A\p (A∂Ω) hns\ hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ tSmWn (tPm¿÷v) tSm_n (B‚Wn).

VIII.37 tPm∏-®≥ (tPmk^v) Beph ta°Sp ho´n¬ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw sImº-\m-tØm´w A∂°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Pm≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ h¿§o-kpIp´n, B¬_n≥.

VIII.38 h°-®≥ _n.F. (CT & HM) he-hq¿ DÆn-°p-t∂¬ tXma-kn-t‚bpw adn-b-Øn-s‚bpw aIƒ A∂ (A\p)sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. h°-®\pw IpSpw-_hpw Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn-emWv. GI aIƒ sIm®pt{Xkym

VIII.39 amXyqkv tImX-aw-Kew IØo-{U¬ ]≈n CS-hI Imc-s°m-ºn¬ Nmt°m tdmkΩ aIƒ A∂sb (km\n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Hcp aIƒ D≠v. amXyqkv Ct∏mƒ Zp_m-bn¬ tPmen-bmWv.

VII.40 tXma€v (sXmΩ-®≥)

1 s_∂n

2 _m_p

(VIII) 3 _ntPm

4 s_‰n

5 _o\

VIII.41 s_‰n B.Sc. Nmem-t»cn ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ tPmWn-t‚bpw A∂-bp-tSbpw aI≥ tdmbn hnhmlw sNbv X p. tPm¨k¨ tXmwk¨, A∂ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.42 _o\ B.Com. `c-W-ßm\w the-Ωm-cp-Ip-Sn-bn¬ Pbnwkv- t{XykymΩ Zº-Xn-IfpsS aI≥ tSmWn hnhmlw sNbvXp. tSmWn _nkn-\-€n¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn°p∂p. s\∑m-d-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ sPbnwkv aI≥

VIII.43 s_∂n (tXma€v) B.Sc (Agri) s_∂n Cfw-tZiw Xpcp-Øn-∏md h¿§o-kn-t‚bpw ssIX-∏-d-ºn¬ ImX-dn-s‚bpw aIƒ ssj\nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Kh¨sa‚ v k¿∆okn¬ A{Kn-°ƒ®¿ Hm^o-k-dmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. ssj\n apX-et°mSw tKƒkv sslkv°q-fn¬ A≤ym-]n-I-bmbn tPmen sNbvXp hcp∂p. tXma-kvIp´n, h¿§o-kp-Ip´n Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.44 _m_p B.A. _m_p aWn-ae If-Øq¿ A{_mlw amXyp-hn-s‚bpw, hS-t°°c kqk-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ kpP (tacn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. adn-bhpw A∂bpw a°-fmWv.

VIII.45 _ntPm B.Com. Ahn-hm-ln-X-\mWv.

VI.46 aØmbn

tXmakv IpSpw-_-tØm-sSm∏w 328

ss]en-bpsS c-≠m-asØ aI≥ aØmbn Ce™n tXm´-Øn¬ De-l-∂≥˛Gen Zº-Xn-I-fpsS GI aIƒ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v F´p a°ƒ D≠v. 329

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VII.52 ss]en (Ip™v) aØm-bn-bpsS aqØ-aI - ≥ ss]en Ieq¿°mSv s\Sp-¶t- √¬ Nmt°mbp-tSbpw dmØ-∏n-≈n¬ tdmk-bp-tSbpw aIƒ A∂-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v HºXv a°ƒ D≠v.

VII-52 ss]en (Ip™v) (VIII) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 amXyp Nmt°m-®≥ tPmk^v tacn tagvkn F¬kn B\okv tPmk-^o\ Ãm≥kn

VIII.53 tacn B.Sc, B.Ed. aØmbnbpw `mcy adnbhpw

VI-46 aØmbn (VII) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ss]en tPm¨ tXma€v tN®Ω Ip™p-tamƒ A®mΩ adn-b-°p´n A∂-°p´n

VII.47 tN®Ω ({_nPn‰v) aqØ aIƒ tN®-Ωsb h≠-a‰w Ic-bn¬ sXt°¬ aØm-bnbpsS aI≥ A{_mlw hnhmlw sNbvXp. sken≥, amXyp, tPm¿÷v, tacn, tPmfn, tdmbn, at\mPv F∂n-ßs\ Ggp a°ƒ D≠v.

VII.48 Ip™p-tamƒ (Gen-°p´n) Ip™p-tamsf XpS-ß\ - mSv Ic-bn¬ I√-db - v°¬ tXmakv hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ipcym-®≥, en√n, Nn∂Ω, timimΩ, tPmbn, h’Ω, amXyp F∂n-ßs\ Ggp a°ƒ.

VII.49 A®mΩ (tdmk) \oe-Kn-cn-bn¬ \ºym-]d- º - n¬ eq°m-bpsS aI≥ aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©p a°ƒ BWv.

VII.50 adn-b-°p´n tImSn-°pfw Ic-bn¬ ]pfn-°¬ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. F¬kn, s_∂n, eqkn, ]ufn Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

aqØ-a-Iƒ tacnsb Be-t°mSp Ic-bn¬ Icn-t¥m-fn¬ aØm-bnbp-tSbpw D∏q-Sp-¶¬ A∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p-t]cpw sslkv°qƒ A≤ym-]-I-cm-bn-cp∂p. jo_, kn‘p Ch¿ a°-fmWv. Ct∏mƒ \ne-ºq¿ Xmakn-°p-∂p.

VIII.54 tagvkn tagvkn 1986 am¿®v Ggmw XobXn AIm-e-N-c-aw {]m]n-®p.

VIII.55 F¬kn Nßw-¶cn tPmkv hn√-bn¬ tPmk-^v˛t- dm-kΩ aI≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. tdm_n≥ aI-\mWv. apX-e-t°m-SØv Xma-kw.

VIII.56 B\okv B\o-kns\ ss]tßm-´q¿ ]n´m-∏n≈n h¿§o-kns‚ aI≥ tXma€v hnhmlw sNbvXp. A\p, B≥tdmkv, B≥{Sqkv, Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.57 tPmk-^o\ sNehp Ic-bn¬ ]pfn-¥m-\Øp sk_m-Ãys‚ aI≥ AK-Ãn≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. t\m_¬, t\mb¬ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.58 Ãm≥kn taa-Sßp Ic-bn¬ N°m-e-°¬ h¿§o-kn-t‚bpw t{Xykym-°p-´nbp-sSbpw aI≥ tPmfn hnhmlw sNbvXp. sÃ_n≥, Ão^≥, PqUn‰v F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.59 amXyp (sI.]n. amXyp)

sh≈n-bm-a‰w Ic-bn¬ If-ºp-Im´v t__n hnhmlw sNbvXp. KoXΩ, _o\ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

ss]en-bpsS aqØ-a-I≥ amXyp \mK-∏pg ]md-°m-t´¬ sF∏nt‚bpw sXmSp-]pg Im∏v Ic-bn¬ Ad-bv°¬ A∂-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tXykym-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. amXyp anUn¬ kvIqƒ slUvam-Ãdmbn dn´-b¿ sNbvXp. ka¿∞-\mb A[ym-]-I\pw D÷ze cmjv{So-b{]h¿Ø-I-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Pbvlnµv hmb-\-im-e-bpsS ]p\-cp-≤m-c-I≥.

330

331

VII.51 A∂-°p´n

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

IpSpw-_-tbm-K-Ønse kPo-hmw-Kw. t{XkymΩ apX-e-t°mSw sk‚ v tPm¿÷vv bp.]n. kvIqƒ A≤ym-]n-I-bmbn tPmen sNbvXncp∂p. aq∂v a°-fp≠v. Xmakw apXet°mSw ]≈n°v kao]w.

VIII-59 sI.]n. amXyp (IX) 2 s\en≥

1 s\hn≥

3 t\m_n≥

IX.60 s\hn≥ (]utemkv) B.Tech., M.S. s\hn≥ Bephm ]mtd-°p-t∂¬ s{]m^. sk_m-Ãy≥˛ s{]m^. Ubnkn Zº-Xn-If - psS aIƒ tUmWn-bmsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. t_mws_ I.I.T. bn¬ F≥Pn-\o-bd- nwKv _ncpZsaSpØp Ata-cn-°b - n-¬ M.S. sNbvX tijw Ct∏mƒ Ahn-sS-Xs∂ tPmen sNøp∂p. `mcybpw Iºyq-´¿ F≥Pn-\o-b-dmbn Ahn-sS-bm-Wv. {Sokm, Pqenb F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

taa-S-ßp-I-c-bn¬ sXt°¬ h¿§okv, t{XkymΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ t{Kknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v aq∂v B¨ a°ƒ D≠v. Ch-cn¬ k®n≥ Fw.tImw Ign™v _n.FUn\v ]Tn-°p∂p. PÃn≥ Fw.kn.F. Ign™v tPmen sNøp∂p. am¿´n≥ F≥Pn- \ o- b - d nwKv hnZym¿∞n-bmWv.

VIII.64 tPmk^v I√q¿°mSv CS-hI h´-°p-Sn-bn¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw I®nd ]mtd°p-Sn-bn¬ t{Xkym-°p-´n-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tagvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. \oXp (B≥tacn) KoXp (sXtck) F∂n-ßs\ c≠p s]¨a-°-fp≠v. ]Tn-°p∂p.

IX.61 s\en≥ M.Tech. Xma-ct- »-cn-bn¬ IqS-Ømbn ]pØ≥]p-cb - n¬ aØn-bmkv˛t{Xkym Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tkmWn M.Tech. hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccp-hcpw _mw•q-cn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. sXtckm, aco\ a°-fmWv.

IX.62 t\m_n≥ B.Tech. Cfb aI≥ _n.sSIv Ign™v _mw•q-cn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

VIII.63 tP°_v (Nmt°m-®≥)

tPmk^pw tagvknbpw a°-tfm-sSm∏w

VII.65 De-l-∂≥ (tPm¨) aØm-bn-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI≥ De-l∂ - ≥ tImSn-°pfw Ic-bn¬ hen-b-ho-´n¬ ]d-ºn¬ sF∏n-t‚bpw, hS-Ic Ipgn-th-en-bn¬ A∂-bpsSbpw aIƒ {_nPo-Ømsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂p a°-fmWv.

Nmt°m--®\pw t{Kknbpw a°fpw 332

tPmWpw {_nPo-Øbpw 333

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII-65 De-l-∂m≥ 1 amXyp

(VIII) 2 tPm¿÷v

3 tacn

VIII.66 tacn tImSn-°pfw Ic-bn¬ ]Sn-™m-td-Ic eq°m, tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ t__n hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmtam≥, sP≥k¨ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.67 amXyp IpWn™n Ic-bn¬ sh≈m-°¬ kvIdn-bm-bp-tSbpw I´-°-bbØp A∂-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tdmk-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂p a°fmWv D≈Xv. aco-\, tPm¨k¨, Po\ F∂n-h¿.

tPm¿÷pw IpSpw-_hpw ]nXm-hn-s\m∏w

VII.69 tXma€v (sXmΩ-®≥) aØm-bn-bpsS Cfb aI-\mb tXma€v Ipdn™n Iº-I-Øp-¶¬ sXmΩ≥ h¿§o-kn-t‚bpw IZ-fn-a-‰-Øn¬ A∂-bp-tSbpw aIƒ Gen°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂p a°-fmWv.

amXyphpw tdmk-Ωbpw a°fpw aIƒ aco-\sb tImX-aw-Kew s\√n-a‰w ]md-¶-am-en¬ Nmt°m, t{Xkym-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ jmPn hnhmlw sNbvXp. sIm®pt{Xky aI-fm-Wv.

sXmΩ-®\pw Gen-°p-´nbpw a°fpw

VIII.68 tPm¿÷v A©ncn Ic-bn¬ ap≠-bv°¬ tPmk^n-t‚bpw hbe ss]ºn≈n-bn¬ t{Xkym-Ω-bp-tSbpw aIƒ t{Xkym-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. t{XkymΩ FUyp- t °- j - W ¬ Hm^o- k n¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. Pnkv ({_nPnØv) B.Tech, PntPm (tPm¨k¨) sPdn≥ (tPmk^v) aq∂pt]cpw ]Tn-°p∂p. 334

VII-69 tXma€v 1 Pbnkv

(VIII) 2 tPmjn 335

3 Pm\‰v

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.70 sPbnkv

VIII.72 Pm\‰v

s]m∂-¥m\w Rmh≈n Ip¥m-\Øv tXma-€n-t‚bpw Xpcp-Øn-∏md A∂- ° p- ´ n- b p- t Sbpw aIƒ jmensb hnhmlw sNbv X p. AJn¬ (tXma€v) Fen-k-_Øv Ch¿ a°ƒ.

aIƒ Pm\-‰ns\ H‰-√q¿ ae-∏p-dØp amXyp-hn-t‚bpw Ipd-hn-eß - m´v FÆ-{_m-bn¬ tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ {^m≥kokv (X¶-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. A\nX (tacn) B\µv (amXyp) Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.73 De-l-∂≥ ss]en-bpsS aI\pw sXmΩ≥, aØmbn F∂n-h-cpsS ktlm-Z-c\p-amb De-l-∂≥ apX-e-t°mSw a©-∏n≈n De-l-∂s‚ aI≥ Gensb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©p a°ƒ BWv.

VI.73 De-l-∂≥ 1 ss]en sPbnkpw IpSpw-_hpw

2 tPmk^v

(VII) 3 {_nPo‰

4 tdmk

5 A∂-°p´n

VII.74 {_nPo‰ {_nPo-‰sb t]mØm-\n-°m´v sXßpw-Ip-Sn-bn¬ ‰n.FIvkv. h¿°n hnhmlw sNbvXp. hn¬k¨, iymaf, tPm¨k¨, ssj\n, Hma\, ¢o‰kv, tdmbn, enkn Ch¿ a°-fmWv. iyma-fbpw, ssj\nbpw I\ymkv{Xo-I-fmWv.

VIII.71 tPmjn

VII.75 tdmkΩ tdmk-Ωsb tImX-aw-K-esØ IpØp-Ip-gn-bn¬ ]md-¶n-aymen tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmbn, im¥Ω, tPmWn, tPmk^v, P€n, enkn, tPm€n Ch¿ a°-fmWv. P€n aTmw-K-amWv.

VII.76 A∂-°p´n

tPmjnbpw IpSpw-_hpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w A©n-cn-°c - b - n¬ ]mW-¶m´v t]mfn-t‚bpw D≈-\m´p ]\-¥m-\Øp tdmk-Ω-bp-tSbpw aIƒ dn\nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A¶nX (Geniz) tPm¿÷p-Ip´n Ch¿ a°-fmWv. 336

A∂-°p-´nsb Nn‰q¿ I≠n-cn-°¬ sI.sP. Pbnwkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. ss\kn, tUmfn, enkn, sP€n, PnPn Ch¿ a°-fmWv. enkn knÃdmWv

VII.77 ss]en (]m∏-®≥) De-l-∂ms‚ aqØ-a-I≥ Gg-√q¿ Ip∂Øp tPmk-^n-t‚bpw ssae-s°mºv a‰-Øn¬ Gen-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tdmk-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Bdv a°-fp≠v. 337

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VIII.82 s_∂n VIII.83 tXma€v VII.84 tPmk^v (sIm®u-tk-∏-®≥) De-l-∂s‚ c≠m-asØ aI≥ tPmk^v Bbncw G°¿ aWnbm°w ]md-bn¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw A©m-\n-°¬ adn-bØ - n-t‚bpw aIƒ CØm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. CØmΩ c≠p XhW sXmSp-]pg ap\nkn-∏¬ Iu¨k-e-dmbpw, apX-e-t°mSw kl-I-cW _m¶v t_m¿Up saº-dmbpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p≠v. A©v a°-fmWv. ss]en, tdmk, c≠v a°ƒ

VII-77 ss]en (VIII) 1 s_∂n

2 tXma€v

3 jm‚n,

4 emen

5 s‰kn

6 ssj_n

VIII.78 jm‚n ]≈n-°m-apdn sIm√-∏-d-ºn¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw t{Xkym-°p-´n-bptSbpw aI≥ tPman hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm_n-®≥, tPmtamƒ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.79 emen

sIm®u-tk-∏-®\pw CØm-Ωbpw a°-tfm-sSm∏w

Ieq¿ t]cIw hmth-en-°p-t∂¬ Hutk^v˛A∂-°p´n Zº-Xn-IfpsS aI≥ Pbnwkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. aRvPp, a\p, X\p, A\p Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.80 s‰kn ]∂n-a‰w ]q¶p-Sn-bn¬ tXma€v˛A∂-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ jmP≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. aI≥ tXmakv.

VIII.81 ssj_n

VII-84 tPmk^v (VIII) 1 _nPp

2 B·¬

3 am¿´n≥

4 Ie

5 Zo]

VIII.85 Ie

temh¿ Ipf-amhv Xqap-≈n¬ tPm¿÷n-s‚bpw ^ntem-an-\b - p-sSbpw aI≥ kntPm hnhmlw sNbvXp. aIƒ tPmk-^n\

s\ø-t»cn CS-hI henb ]pØ≥]pc amXyp-hn-t‚bpw Nmen-πm°¬ tdmk-bp-sSbpw aI≥ Ãm≥en hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ãm≥en sdbn¬th-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. a°-fn√.

338

339

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.86 Zo]

V.91 A∂Ω

tImgn-t°mSv Cuß-∏pg ]p∂-bv°-]-S-hn¬ h¿§o-kn-t‚bpw sXm≈m-a-T-Øn¬ tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ PnPn (tPmkv) hnhmlw Ign®p. PnPn Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv C‚o-cn-b¿ sU°-td-j≥ Iº\n \S-Øp∂p. Zo] Xr°m-°c tamU¬ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. a°ƒ Pnkva-cnb, ‰nbm-c.

A∂-Ωsb Gg-√q¿ s]m´-\m-\n-°¬ aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp. Gen-°p´n, aØ-®≥, De-l-∂≥, s]ÆΩ Sr. sIm®p t{Xkym, Nn∂Ω Ch¿ a°-fmWv. V.92 adn-b-°p´n Xncp-am-dmSn Ic-bn¬ NmØ-\m´v sNdn-bm≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. sNdn-bm≥, tacn, Hutk-∏-®≥, aØ-®≥, tkhn, tPmbn, Sr. t{Kkn Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VIII.87 _nPp Imfn-bm¿ CS-tbm-Sn-bn¬ kvIdn-bm-bp-sSbpw hb-en¬ tacn-bpsSbpw aIƒ tj¿ensb (sken≥) hnhmlw Ign®p. aIƒ ‰nk.

VIII.88 B·¬ B·¬ t_°dn _nkn-\€v sNøp∂p. ASn-am-en-bn¬ Ioeqcv ho´n¬ ]o‰¿, tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tdmkn-ensb hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VIII.89 am¿´n≥ sF.‰n.sF. ]T-\Ø - n-\p-tijw am¿´n≥ jm¿Pbn¬ tPmen sNbvXph-cp∂p.

V.93 t{XkymΩ h≠-a‰w Ic-bn¬ tXm´p-]m´v ]m∏-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. t__n, De-l-∂≥, s_∂n, amØ≥, tdmk, t{Xkym Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

V.94 BKkvXn BKkvXn DSp-º-∂q¿ Ic-bn¬ sNm≈m-a-T-Øn¬ h¿°n-bp-tSbpw imkv X mw- I p- t ∂¬ A∂- b p- t Sbpw aIƒ Gen- ° p- ´ nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. amXyp, Sr. eo\ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

IV.90 amXyp

V-94 BKkvXn (VI) 1 amXyp

2 Nn∂Ω

VI.95 Sr. eo\ (Nn∂Ω) amXyphpw tdmkbpw imJ-m ]nXmhv ss]en-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI≥ amXyp ]pd-∏pg Ipcy-\m¬ If-∏p-c-bn¬ tdmksb hnhmlw sNbvXv Xd-hm-´n¬ Xmakn®p. Cu ]nXm-hn\v Ggv a°-fp≠mbn-cp-∂p.

IV-90 amXyp (V) 1 BKkvXn

2 amXyp

3 4 ss]en tPmk^v 340

5 A∂

6 adnbw

7 t{Xkym

BK-kvXn-bpsS aIƒ Nn∂Ω tImX-aw-Kew [¿ΩKncn aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂v eo\ F∂ \maw kzoI-cn®p. Bip]-{Xn-bn¬ BXp-c-tk-h\w sNøp∂p.

VI.96 amXyp (Ip™v) BK-kvXn-bpsS aI≥ amXyp sX°pw-`mKw hm°-≠Ø - n¬ ss]enbp-tSbpw Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv Iq\w-am-°¬ Gen-bp-tSbpw aIƒ t{XkymΩsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Bdv a°ƒ D≠v. 341

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w °pg sh≈n-aT - Ø - n¬ tdmk-Ωb - p-tSbpw aIƒ ]ufn (sIm-®p-t{X-ky)sb hnhmlw Ign-®p.

VII.101 t]mƒ amXyp-hns‚ c≠m-asØ aI≥ t]mƒ s]cp-ºm-hq¿ Bb-Øp-]Sn \otcm-en-°¬ tPmWn-t‚bpw Icn-¶p∂w aq™-\m´v t{Xkym-Ωb - p-sSbpw aIƒ emen (sIm®p t{Xky) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. sXmSp-]pg ap≥kn∏¬ Iu¨kn-edpw apX-e-t°mSw kl-I-cW _m¶v {]kn-U‚p-am-bn-cp∂p. apX- e - t °m- S Øv Ce- I v { Sn- ° ¬ tjm∏v \S- Ø p- ∂ p- ≠ v . a°ƒ tUm¨t]mƒ, tPm¨t]mƒ.

VII.102 tPmjn Ip™pw IpSpw-_hpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w

VI-96 amXyp (VII) 1 tPm¿÷v

2 t]mƒ

3 tPmjn

4 Pm≥kn

5 eqkn

6 sPkn

VII.97 Pm≥kn sX∂-Øq¿ sXt°-∏pc I√-d-bv°¬ tXmakn-t‚bpw Sn Ic sX≈n-bm-¶¬ t{Xkym-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ kÆn hnhmlw sNbvXp. {Kojva, {Ko\, tPmb¬. Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VII.98 eqkn

amXyp-hns‚ Cfb aI≥ tPmjn hb-\mSv A∏-∏md I√-d-bv°¬ ]n.kn. Nmt°m-bp-sSbpw B\n-°mSv sIm√m-bn¬ t{Kkn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ sdPn (am¿§doØm) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmjn Zp_m-bn¬ ]Xn\©p h¿j-ambn A¬Pam tk^v‰n & skIyq-cn‰n Iº-\n-bn¬ Hm^ok-dmWv. a°ƒ A£bv, km{µ. G√m-hcpw Zp_m-bn-emWv.

V.103 amXyp amXyp-hns‚ c≠m-asØ aI\pw BK-kvXn-bpsS A\p-P-\p-amb amXyp \od-ºpg Ic-bn¬ \od-ºpg ho´n¬ Hutk-∏n-t‚bpw, tImSn-°pfw Nnd-am-t´¬ adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aIƒ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXp. tdmk, amXyp, tPmk^v, tacn, amWn, tXmakv, eoemΩ, t]mfn, ^ntem-an\, tPm¿÷v, tPmkn Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

C©-sØm´n amtX-°¬ amXyp-hn-t‚bpw, amdnI ]pfnb∏p≈n-bn¬ tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. F_n≥, B¬_n≥ a°-fmWv.

VII.99 sP€n amXyp-hns‚ Cc´ a°-fn¬ c≠m-asØ aIƒ sP€nsb hÆ∏pdw ap≠≥Im-hn¬ tXma€v tPm¿÷n-t‚bpw h≠-a‰w tNe-∏p-dØv Gen-bm-Ωb - p-sSbpw aI≥ tXma€v hnhmlw sNbvXp. A⁄en, PnXn≥ Ch¿ a°ƒ.

VII.100 tPm¿÷v (kÆn) s]cn-bm{º ]pXp-∏-cn-bmcw am¶p-t∂¬ aØm-bn-bp-tS-bpw, Acn342

amXyphpw `mcy adnbhpw 343

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

V-103 amXyp (VI)

VII.111 s‰kn

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 amXyp tPmk^v amWn tXmakv t]mfn tPm¿÷v tdmk tacn eoemΩ ^ntem-an\ tPmkn

VI.104 tdmk Xe-t»cn Np¶-°p-t∂¬ sIm®p-sh-ºn≈n amXyp-hn-t‚bpw ]menbØv A∂-bp-sSbpw aI≥ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. h’, s_∂n, tPmkv, emen Ch¿ a°fmWv.

VI.105 tacn Gg-√q¿ I√q¿°p-t∂¬ h¿°n-bp-tSbpw hS-°pw-]-d-ºn¬ tdmkbp-tSbpw aI≥ Hutk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. tagvkn, hn≥sk‚ v , tPm¨k¨, tPmjn, sPbvk,v PnPn Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.106 eoemΩ eoemΩ 13-5-83-¬ AIme Nc-a-a-S™p.

VI.107 ^ntem-an\ Nß-\m-t»cn ]mtd-∏≈n CS-hI Aø-\m´v Hutk^v tacn Zº-XnI-fpsS aI≥ X¶-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ubm\ aI-fmWv.

VI.108 tPmkn Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv CS-hI ]oSn-tb-°¬ Ipcy≥ ¢mc Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. knan, kndnƒ, tPmkv Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.109 amXyp (aØ-®≥)

Be-∏pg XØw-]≈n sk‚ v ssa°nƒkv ]≈n ]qWn-bn¬ (Im∏n¬) tPmk^v A∂Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. A∂, tPmk^v F’ a°-fmWv.

VII.112 s_‰n tImX-\√ - q¿ hn. K¿∆m-kokv˛t{]mØm-kokv ]≈n CS-hI sXøpw]-Xn-°¬ amXyp Nn∂Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ kt¥mjv hnhmlw sNbvXp. amXyp, Fen-k-_Øv a°fm-Wv. VII.113 sken≥ M.Sc. Cfb aIƒ sken≥ M.Sc. Ign™v _mw•q-cn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

VII.114 X¶-®≥ GI aI≥ X¶-®≥ Im™n-c-∏≈n shfn-®n-bm\n ]¥-em-\n-°¬ ]n.Fw. amXyp-hn-t‚bpw ]qh-cWn HmS-bv°¬ adn-b° - p´n tXma-€n-s‚bpw aIƒ jm‚n (t{XkymΩ) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. F¬k, acnb a°fmWv.

VI.115 tPmk^v amXyp-hns‚ c≠m-asØ aI≥ tPmk^v ao¶p∂w amS-∏n-≈n-°pt∂¬ Ipcymt°m {_»n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tdmk-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmtamƒ (adnbw) sPbvtam≥ (amXyp) Ch¿ a°ƒ.

aqØ aI≥ amXyp apX- e - t °mSw ]pXn- b - S Øp Ipt∂- e mb sXt°¬ tXma-€ns‚ aIƒ Gen-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. sXt°¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. A©p a°ƒ

VI-109 amXyp 1 X¶-®≥

2 euen

(VII) 3 s‰kn

4 s_‰n

5 sken≥

VII.110 euen Nß-\m-t»cn sk‚ vta-cokv sat{Sm-t]m-fn-‰≥ ]≈n N°m-eb - v°¬ h¿§o-kn-t‚bpw Sn CS-hI ]mØn-bv°¬ tdmk kvIdn-bm-bp-sSbpw aI≥ Um¿en (sPbnwkv) hnhmlw sNbvXp. tdmkv, F¬k, h°-®≥, amXyp F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv. 344

tPmkv, tdmk-°p-´n, a°ƒ 345

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI-115 tPmk^v (VII) 1 tPmtamƒ

VI.124 tXma€v Ieq¿ ap≠-bv°¬ aØmbn adnbw Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tSmw (amXyp), acnb (adnbw) Ch¿ a°ƒ.

2 sPbvtam≥

VI.125 t]mfn (Fr. Paul Chemparathy S.J., MA, B.Ph., B.Th.)

VII.116 tPmtamƒ hb-\mSv hmg-h‰ apXn-c-°m-em-bn¬ tXma-€n-t‚bpw Sn CS-hI ]®n-°¬ Nn∂-Ω-bp-tSbpw aI≥ jmPnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A\p, A\n‰v Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VII.117 sPbvtam≥ _mw•q-cn¬ Iw]yq-´¿ F≥Pn-\o-b¿ Bbn tPmen sNøp∂p.

VI.118 amWn IÆq¿ tIfIw Ic-bn¬ sh≈m-c-¶-√n¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw adn-bØn-t‚bpw aIƒ tdmk-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. {InÃn (adnbw) _ntjm, tkmWn, dmWn (Twins) PntPm F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

VI-118 amWn (VII) 1 _ntjm

2 PntPm

3 {InÃn

4 dmWn

5 tkmWn

VII.119 {InÃn

sXmSp-]pg Kh: kvIqfn-sebpw ]mem sk‚ v tXmakv tImtf-Pn-sebpw hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw Cutim k`-bpsS ]m‰v\ t{]mho≥kn¬ tN¿∂p. dm_n sk‚ v tkthy¿kv tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂p Fw.F., ]q\m t]∏¬ AYo-\n-b-Øn¬ \n∂p B.Ph., U¬ln hnZym tPymXn-bn¬ \n\v B.Th _ncp-Zß - ƒ t\Sn. 1980¬ ]m‰v\ - b - n¬ ]´-ta‰p. ]n∂oSv t\∏m-fns‚ Xe-ÿm\-amb ImTvafip-hn¬ tImtfPv eIvN-d¿, {]n≥kn∏¬ XpS-ßn hnhn-[-cw-K-ß-fn¬ Ccp-]Xp h¿jw tPmen sNbvXp. 2002-¬ djy-bn¬ tamkvt°m Pkyq´v doPn-b\ - n-tebv°v {]h¿Ø\ cwKw am‰n. Ct∏mƒ a≤y Gjy-bnse Io¿Kokv cmPysØ hØn-°ms‚ {]Xn-\n-[nbmbn tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂p.

VI.126 tPm¿÷v (kÆn) Ntßm-e-I-c-bn¬ hen-b-]-d-ºn¬ tXma-kn-s‚-bpw, Gen-bm-Ω-bpsSbpw aIƒ tdmkΩ (tam-fn) sb hnhmlw Ign-®p. APnØv, ARvPp F∂v c≠p a°-fp-≠v.

VII.120 dmWn VII.121 tkmWn Ccn´n aWn-∏md Imc-W-Øp-]-d-ºn¬ tPmk^v tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ _m_p hnhmlw sNbvXp. acnb aI-fmWv.

VII.122 _ntjm sIm´n-bq¿ XS-Øn¬ ]pØ≥]p-cb - n¬ amXyp, \ºym-]d- º - n¬ tacn Zº- X n- I - f psS aIƒ an\nsb hnhmlw sNbv X p. AXp¬, Acp¨ a°-fmWv.

VII.123 PntPm U¬ln-bn¬ sk≥{S¬ dnk¿∆v t]meokv tk\-bn¬ C≥kvs]IvS-dmSn tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂p.

kÆnbpw tamfnbpw a°fpw

346

347

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

V.127 ss]en (]m-∏p) \memw Xe-ap-d-bnse amXyp-hns‚ aI≥ ss]en ]ngIv Ic-bn¬ No¶-t√¬ Hutk-^n-t‚bpw Itºm-Øp-¶¬ A∂-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tdmknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©v B¨a-°fpw A{Xbpw s]¨a-°fp-ap≠v.

V-127 ss]en (]m∏p) ( VI) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 amXyp tPmkv sXmΩ-®≥ ss]tem-®≥ Ip´n-b® - ≥ tdmk A∂ adnbw t{Xkym tPmk-^o\

VI.128 tdmk amXyp, t{Kkn, a°ƒ

tImSn-°pfw s\Sp-¶-t√¬ tXma-€n-t‚bpw ]me-°m´v adn-b-Ønt‚bpw aI≥ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. kt¥mjv, dq_n, jm\‰v, a©p Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.129 A∂ ss]tßm-´q¿ Ic-bn¬ ]men-bØv h¿§o-kn-t‚bpw adn-b-Ønt‚bpw aI≥ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. jn_n, A\ojv Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.130 adnbw Ieq¿°m´v am¶p-Sn-bn¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw sh≈n-bm-¶¬ adn-bØn-t‚bpw aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. kuay, A\ojv, BImjv Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.131 t{XkymΩ

VI-133 amXyp 1 at\mPv

(VII) 2 kPohv

3 jo_

VII.134 jo_ s\ø-t»cn ]Sn-™m-td-Iq‰v sk_m-Ãy-t‚bpw sImSp-th-en¬ Im´mw-tIm-´n¬ Nn∂-Ω-bp-tSbpw aI≥ tPmjn hnhmlw sNbvXp. aIƒ apØv.

VII.135 at\mPv

Ingt° tImSn-°pfw Ic-bn¬ ssIa-‰-Øn¬ tPmk^v A∂ ZºXn-I-fpsS aI≥ hn’¨ hnhmlw sNbvXp. cXojv, A\ojv Ch¿ a°fmWv.

Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv ]qh-Øn-¶¬ tPm¿Pn-t‚bpw eqkn-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tPmbvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. aIƒ AΩnWn at\mPv _mw•q-cn¬ _nkn-\kv \S-Øp∂p.

VI.132 tPmk-^o\

VII.136 kPohv

taep-Im-hn¬ {ame-bn¬ Ipcy≥, {_oPo‰m Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tXma€v hnhmlw sNbvXp. tdmWn, tdmkn, an\n-tamƒ, acnb Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

tImXaw- K ew Ioc- º md ]p¬∏- d - º n¬ tkhn- b psS aIƒ Pn≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. aI≥ amØp-Ip´n. kPohv _mw•q-cn¬ _nkn-\kv sNøp∂p.

VI.133 amXyp

VI.137 tPmkv

aqØ-a-I≥ amXyp Xot°mbn hm{]-bn¬ A{_m-l-Øn-t‚bpw aW¿ImSv A∂-bp-tSbpw aIƒ t{Kknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. amXyp ane-´dn k¿∆o-knepw XpS¿∂v aqhm-‰p-]pg \n¿Ω-em-tIm-tf-Pn¬ N.C.C. Hm^o-kdmbpw tPmen sNbvXn-cp∂p. jo_, at\mPv, kPohv Ch¿ a°fmWv.

ss]en-bpsS aI≥ tPmkv, ]ngIp CS-ap-f-bn¬ Ipcym-t°m-knt‚bpw Ddp-ºp-Imhp ]mem-°p-t∂¬ Gen-bp-tSbpw aIƒ A®m-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. sUbv-kΩ, PnPn-tamƒ, _m_p, jn_p, tjm_n≥ A©p a°-fmWv.

348

349

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VI.143 sXmΩ-®≥ ss]en-bpsS aI≥ sXmΩ-®≥ C¥y≥ kmbp[ tk\-bn¬ AwKam-bn-cp∂p. PΩp-hn¬ bp≤-ap-∂-Wn-bn¬ h®p acWaS-™p.

VI.144 ss]tem-®≥ ss]en-bpsS aI≥ ss]tem-®≥ cma-]pcw ]me-°p-gn-bn¬ tZhkym AK-Ãn-bp-tSbpw Im°q¿ ]pØ≥I-≠Ø - n¬ A∂-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Genbm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tXma€v, tdmk, BKkvXn, tacn Ch¿ a°fmWv.

VI-144 ss]tem-®≥ (VII) tPmkpw A®m-Ωbpw

1 tXma€v

VI-137 tPmkv 1 sUbvkΩ

2 PnPn-tamƒ

(VII) 3 _m_p

4 jn_p

5 tjm_n≥

Ad-°pfw Ic-bn¬ aqe-bn¬ {^m≥kokv hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ tUmW, tUmWn.

VII.139 PnPn-tamƒ Fd-Wm-Ipfw Km¿Un-b≥ I¨t{Smƒkn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. hmg°pfw Xmg-Øp-ho-´n¬ aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw ssae-s°mºv CS-hI sImS°-Øm-\Ø - n¬ Gen-bp-tSbpw aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. sFdn≥, Hm¿Un≥ a°-fmWv.

VII.140 _m_p a¶pgn Ipcn-°p-t∂¬ tPm¿÷n-t‚bpw Icn-a-Æq¿ A°-°m-´n¬ I{Xo-\b - p-sSbpw aIƒ tagvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tagvkn ]md-tØmSv kvIqfn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. aI≥ \n¿Ω¬

VII.141 jn_p tIm´bw Imcn-°p-gn-bn¬ Icn-th-en¬ Nmt°m-am-Ω-s‚bpw Inf∏-d-ºn¬ adn-bm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ an\nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. jn_p s]bn‚nwKv tIm¨{Sm-IvS-dmWv. acnb, acn‰, tPmk^v a°ƒ.

350

3 tdmk

4 tacn

VII.145 tdmk

VII.138 sUbvkΩ

VII.142 tjm_n≥

2 BKkvXn

Imfn-bm¿ Ipcn-ip-¶¬ ]m∏-®s‚ aI≥ tXma€v hnhmlw sNbvXp. anen-´dn k¿∆o-kn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. tdmk, kn.B¿.]n. bn¬ BWv. •mUvhn≥ aI-\m-Wv.

VII.146 tacn Xan-gv\m-´n¬ am¿Ømfiw CS-hI - b - n¬ C.R.P.bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂ tUhnUv hnhmlw sNbvXp. tacn°pw C.R.P. bn¬ tPmenbmWv. P\n-tamƒ, \nhy Ch¿ a°-fm-Wv.

VII.147 tXma€v (kmPp) Fd-Wm-Ipfw ]pXp-ssh-∏n≥ CS-hI Aep-h] - d- º - n¬ B‚-Wn-bpsS aIƒ enPnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. aIƒ Fh-en≥.

VII.148 Ip´n-b-®≥ (BKkvXn) Ad-°pfw Ic-bn¬ sNdp-h-≈mØv tXma-€n-t‚bpw Im™m¿ ho´n-bm-¶¬ tdmk-bp-tSbpw aIƒ t{Xkym-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. GI aI-fmWv ssj\n (tdmk).

VIII.149 ssj\n (tdmknen) Bthmen _Xvtelw ]p¬∏-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥ A∂ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ jmPn hnhmlw Ign®p. jmPn hmg-°pfw C≥s^‚ v Pokkv sslkv°q-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. PnØp, A®p a°-fm-Wv. 351

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

V.150 tPmk^v (Hutk-∏-®≥)

VI.153 amXyp

\memw Xe-ap-db - nse amXyp-hns‚ aI≥ tPmk^v Ing-t°-tIm-Sn-°pfw Be-°m-∏≈ - n¬ Cu∏≥ sNdn-bmbp-sSbpw s]m∂pw-]p-c-bn-S-Øn¬ A∂-°p-´n-bpsSbpw aIƒ A∂-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v Ggv a°-fmWv. IpSpw-_-tbmKw ap≥{]-kn-U‚p-am-Wv.

tPmk-^ns‚ aqØ aI≥ amXyp sXmSp-]pg A®≥I-h-e-bn¬ sIm´m-c-Øn¬ amWn-bp-tSbpw Ip™p-s]-Æn-t‚bpw aIƒ en√nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. ssU\ojv, A\ojv F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

V-150 tPmk^v (VI) 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

amXyp

tPmbn

tPm¿÷v

cmPp

tPmk^v

tkm^nb

tamfn

VI.151 tkm^nb apX-et- °mSw sNº-cØn ]pXn-bn-SØp Ipt∂-emb sXm´o-∏d- º - n¬ amWn-bp-tSbpw ]co-°¬ t{Xkym-bp-tSbpw c≠m-asØ aI≥ h°-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. \m≥kn, kn_n, t•mdnb, t__n, Un≥kn Ch¿ a°fmWv.

VI.152 tamfn Icn-hm-cp-Ip≠v \otcm-en-°¬ tPmk^v Ip™p-ad- nbw ZºXnIfpsS aI≥ Nmt°m-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. tamfn kvIqfnepw Nmt°m®≥ hm´¿ AtXm-dn-‰nbnepw tPmen sNøp∂p. am¿´n≥, tPmk^v a°-fmWv.

amXyp-˛-en√n IpSpw_w

VI.154 tPmbn Xma-c-t»cn IqØmbn Ic-bn¬ Ad-bv°¬ h¿§o-kn-t‚bpw t__n-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tPmbvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p-t]cpw kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-cmWv. sP\ojv, sP_n≥ Ch¿ a°ƒ.

If∏pcbn¬ Xdhm´n¬ D]tbmKn®ncp∂ ]gb ]q´pw Nßebpw

tPmbnbpw tPmbvknbpw a°fpw

352

353

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.155 tPm¿÷v

V.159 A∂Ω

Cfw-tZiw Ing-t°¬ BK-Ãn-bp-tSbpw cma-]pcw Iq´-°√ - n¬ A∂bp-tSbpw aIƒ knkn-ensb hnhmlw sNbvXp. entbm, {]n‰n Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

]md-∏pg s\Sp-¶t- √¬ sF∏v (Ip™m∏v) hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ C√mbncp∂p. `¿Øm-hns‚ ac-W-tijw A∂Ω ss]¶pfw Xncp-lrZb aT-Ønse At¥-hm-kn-bmbn Ign-bp-Ibpw hm¿≤Iy kl-P-amb AkpJw aqew ac-W-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

VI.156 cmPp (Fr. Raju Chemparathy)

V.160 amΩn

tPmk-^ns‚ aI≥ cmPp ]t≈m-´n-b≥ k\ymk k`-bn¬ tN¿∂v sshZn-I-\mbn. tImgn-t°m´p cq]-Xbn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

amΩn AU-td-j≥ aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂v Sr. Itcmf F∂ \maw kzoIcn®p. _mw•q-cn¬ I\ymkv{Xo Bbn Ign-bth hm¿≤Iy kl-P-amb AkpJw aqew 1972-- ˛¬ ac-W-a-S™p.

VI.157 tPmk^v (Cu∏-®≥)

V.161 GeΩ (Gen-bmΩ) IpS-b-Øq¿ Ic-bn¬ thcp-¶¬ Ipcp-hn-f-bp-tSbpw XnS-\mSv ]pen°p-t∂¬ tdmk-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tZhkym hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ipcp-hnf (Ipdp-h-®≥), tdmknen, CØΩ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

V.162 Ip™p-s]Æv Ip™p- s ]Æv sk‚ v Nmƒkv tIm¨sh‚ n¬ tN¿∂v Sr. AKkvXm F∂ t]cp kzoI-cn®p. Bflob tkh\w sNøp∂p.

V.163 tPmk^v (sIm®v) Ce-™n-°p-gn-bn¬ Cu∏-®\pw tacnbpw a°fpw Ccp-´p-Im\w aWn-ae tPmk-^n-t‚bpw ]ngIv CS-ap-≈n¬ tdmkbp-tSbpw aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. \ho≥, B\o‰, tdmkv, acnb Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

IV.158 ss]en imJm ]nXmhv ss]en-bpsS B¨ a°-fn¬ aq∂m-a≥ ss]en ssae-s°mºv CS-hI Aa-¥p-cp-Øn¬ {_nPo-‰msb hnhmlw sNbvXp. HcmWpw \mep s]Æpw a°-fmbncp-∂p.

IV-158 ss]en 2 A∂Ω

3 amΩn 354

4 GeΩ

V-163 tPmk^v (VI) 1 t]mƒ,

2 amØp-°p´n,

8 {_nPoØ,

9 sP€n,

3 tPm¿÷v, 10 tacn,

4 5 tZhkym, km_p, 11 tdmknen,

12 X¶Ω,

6 7 ]ufn, Umfn 13 h’,

14 CØmΩ

VI.164 acnb (]ufn)

(V) 1 tPmk^v

ss]en-bpsS GI aI≥ tPmk^v apX-e-t°mSw CS-hI Xpdbv°¬ Ing-t°-°c ss]en-bpsS aIƒ t{Xkymsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v 14 k¥m-\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p. Ce-™n-°p-gn-bn¬ Xncplr-Zb aT-Øn\v ]Sn-™m-dm-bn-cp∂p `h-\w.

5 Ip™p-s]Æv

IpSb-Øq¿ Nne-ºn-°p-t∂¬ Hutk-^n-t‚bpw N{µ≥-Ip-t∂¬ tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ BKkvXn hnhmlw sNbvXp. sNdp-]p-g-bn¬ Xmakw. {io\n, Um\n a°ƒ. 355

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.165 Umfn

VI.171 h’ (Fen-k-_Øv)

]md-bm-¶¬ Hutk-^n-t‚bpw adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aI≥ B‚Wn hnhmlw sNbvXp. Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv CS-∏-≈n-bn¬ Xm-a-kw. a°ƒ aRvPphpw, at\mPpw saUn-°¬ hnZym¿∞n-I-fmWv.

hmg-°pfw _Xvtelw ]≈n CS-hI Ggm-\-√q¿ Ic-bn¬ sh´nbm-¶¬ BK-kvXn-bp-tSbpw tdmk-bp-tSbpw aI≥ h°-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. sdPn (_n_n≥) aI-\mWv.

VI.166 {_nPoØ (Nn∂Ω)

VI.172 CØmΩ

Ie-b-¥m\n Idp-I-∏n≈n tImSn-a-‰-Øn¬ BK-kvXn-bp-sSbpw Ce™n- tN-e-bv°-am-°¬ A∂-Ω-bp-tSbpw aI≥ tPmk^v (HuX-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. sken≥ (tacn), t__n (BKkvXn), sle≥ (tj¿en), tPmk^v (s_∂n), sUman-\nIv (ss_Pp) Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

apX-et- °mSw sNº-cØn ]pXn-bS- Ø - p-Ip-t∂¬ ]Xn-\m-dn¬ h¿§okn-t‚bpw adn-bØ - n-t‚bpw aI≥ t__n (BKkvXn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. _n_nX, _n]n≥ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.167 sP€n (t{Xky) ]md-∏pg s\Sp-¶-t√¬ sXmΩ-t‚bpw adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. knkn, kn¬hn, tSmb¬, aWn Ch¿ a°fmWv.

VI.168 tacn apX-e-t°mSw sNº-cØn sXt°¬ ‰n. amXyp-hn-t‚bpw hnX-bØn¬ A∂-bp-tSbpw aI≥ AK-Ãn≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. AK-Ãn\pw (Ip™-®≥) IpSpw-_hpw Ct∏mƒ ]me-°m´v Pn√-bn¬ sImgn-™w-]md Xma-kn-°p∂p. B\n, sIm®p-dmWn, taml≥, sa¿en, ]pjv], teJ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.169 tdmknen (B\n) Xgp-h-wIp∂v (s]cp-am-¶≠w) tXmWn-°pgn If-∏p-c-bn¬ h¿°nbp-tSbpw tdmk-Ω-bp-tSbpw aI≥ amXyp (aØ-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. aØ-®≥ tIcfm t]meo-kv k¿∆o-kn¬ k∫v C≥kvs]-IvS-dm-bn-cp∂p. jo_, jo\, jn_p Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.170 X¶Ω (A∂)

VI.173 t]mƒ (Ip™-®≥) tPmk-^ns‚ aqØ-a-I≥ Aº-e-Ød ]pd-°m-´p-I-c-bn¬ Gg-c-∏d-bn¬ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw tdmk-bp-tSbpw aIƒ F¬knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ I¿Æm-SI kwÿm-\-ØmWv Xma-kn-°p-∂Xv.

VI.174 amØp-°p´n (amXyp) Im™-ßmSv Xmeq°v Im™n-c-IpSw (Imk¿tImSv Pn√) Ic-bn¬ G‰p-am-\q°m-c≥ kvIdn-bm-bp-tSbpw Im™n-c-a‰w Bº√q¿ Ic-bn¬ amWn-°\mw]d-ºn¬ adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aIƒ A∂-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ agp FSpØ aqe F∂ ÿeØp Xma-kn-°p∂p. a°ƒ A∂, tPmk^v (_n\p), aØmbn (_nPp), kvIdnb (kn_p). CXn¬ kvIdnb 1971-¬ -acW-aS™p.

VI.175 tPm¿÷v tamfn-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Xmakw a{Zm-kn¬. enkn, A\ntamƒ, PnPn-tamƒ XpSßn Bdp a°-fp≠v. tPm¿÷v \ncym-X-\mbn.

VI-175 tPm¿÷v 1 enkn

2 A\n

(VII) 3 PnPn

4 an\n

5 kn‘p

6 kn\n

VII.176 enkn-tamƒ (tUm. enkn)

apX-e-t°mSw Rmfq¿ De-l-∂-t‚bpw adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aI≥ F≥.bp. tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmk^v tImX-aw-Kew tIm¿∏td‰v kvIqfp-I-fn¬ Zo¿L-Imew A≤ym-]-I-\mbn tPmen t\m°n dn´b¿ sNbvXp. a°ƒ tPmb≥, PntPm. GI aIƒ \ncym-X-bmbn. Xmakw Ad-_n-bn-d°w apX-e-t°mSw.

aqØ-a-Iƒ enkn-tamƒ ]Ø-\w-Xn´ Ic-bn¬ hmg-bn¬ tPmk^v h¿§okv aI≥ tUm. tPmk^v (tPmbn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p t]cpw Ata- c n- ° - b n¬ \yqtbm¿°nse saUn- ° ¬ tImtf- P n¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

356

357

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.177 A\n-tamƒ c≠m-asØ aIƒ A\n-tamsf ap≠-°-bØp \S-bv°¬ tP°_ns‚ aI≥ tUm. tXma€v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cw•-≠n¬ saUn-°¬ k¿∆o-kn-emWv {]mIvSokv sNøp-∂Xv. A\n-tamƒ Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv F≥Pn-\o-b-dmbn Cw•-≠n¬ Xs∂ tPmen sNøp∂p.

10

VII.178 PnPn-tamƒ (tUm. PnPn) ]mem ]qh-c-Wn-bn¬ (ss]I) I√-d-bv°¬ h¿§o-kns‚ aI≥ tUm. Pbnwkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccphcpw Ata-cn-°-bnse Iment^m¿Wn-b-bn¬ BXpc ip{iq-jm-cw-KØv {]h¿Øn-°p∂p.

VII.179 an\n-tamƒ an\n-tamsf cma-]p-cØp Agn-I-Æn-°¬ Ipcys‚ aI≥ tPmk^v (tPmbn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. VII.180 kn‘p-tamƒ Fw.F. VII.181 kn\n-tamƒ VI.182 ]m∏p´n (tZhky) ImeSn Ic-bn¬ ]Øp-]d ho´n¬ adn-b-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A\n¬, kp\n¬, A\nX Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.183 km_p (tP°_v) Im™-ßmSv Xmeq°v HSbw-Nm¬ (]Sn- a - c pXv ) Ic- b n¬ ]√m´v ]S- Ø n¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw ]\-ØSn cmP-]pcw tNcpth-en-bn¬ A∂-Ω-bp-tSbpw aIƒ Genbm- Ω sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A\p (t{Xkym), an\p (A∂) a°ƒ. Xmakw HSbw-Nm¬. A\p hnhm-ln-X-bm-bn. an\p t\gvknw-Kn\v ]Tn-°p-∂p.

]pXn-bn-S-Øp-Ip-t∂¬ amXyp F∂ ]nXm-hns‚ A©m-asØ ]p{X-\mb BKkvXn Hcp amfnI ]WnXp AÆm-bn-°-ÆØv ]pXn-bn-S-Øp-Ip-t∂¬ Xma-k-ambn. ap≥Im-eØv Hcp \mb¿ -{]-`p-hns‚ taSbn-cp∂ Ip∂mbn-cp∂p AXv. amWn-°p-t∂¬ Xd-hm-´nse Cfb aIƒ Geo-iz-bm-bn-cp∂p `mcy. At±l-Øn\v Bdv k¥m-\-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. 1926 am¿®v 11\v 98˛m-asØ hb€n¬ BKkvXn arXn-b-S-™p. `mcy Geoiz 99˛m-asØ hb-€n¬ 1927 HIvtSm-_¿ 8\v acn-®p.

III.1 BKkvXn (IV) 1 amWn

2 3 4 ss]en sXmΩ≥ BKkvXn

5 amXyp

6 hdp-Kokv

7 ^m. tP°_v

10 A. ]pXn-bn-S-Øp-Ip-t∂¬

km_phpw IpSpw-_hpw AΩ-tbm-sSm∏w

aqØ-a-I-\mb amWn s\ø-t»cn, hS-t»-cn¬ t{Xkysb hnhmlw sNbvXv Xd-hm-´n¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn®p. At±-l-Øn\p \mev B¨a-°fpw \mep s]¨a-°-fp-am-bn-cp∂p.

IV.2 amWn (V) 1 2 BKkvXn Hutk^v

358

3 Gen

4 adnbw

5 6 7 tdmk Nmt°m A∂ 359

8 ^m. hdp-Kokv

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

V.3 BKkvXn sXm´n-∏-d-ºn¬

VIII.8 hnae (1963)

Xd-hm´p amfn-Ibv°v t\sc ap≥h-iØ - p-≠m-bn-cp∂ sXm´n-∏d- º - n¬ Xma-k-am-°nb BK-kvXn-bpsS BZy hnhmlw Im°-\m´v ho´n¬ Gensb Bbn-cp∂p. c≠mw hnhmlw h≠-a‰w sh´p-It- √¬ t{Xkysb. Ch¿°v \mev k¥m-\-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p.

s\Sn-b-ime sh≈q-]-d-ºn¬ amXyp˛Ipdp-°≥Ip-t∂¬ tdmk aI≥ tPmtPm (tPmk^v) hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmk^v ap\nkn-∏¬ k¿∆o-kn¬ Hmh¿kn-b-dmWv. B.Sc., B.Ed. Ign™ hnae tImX-aw-Kew tIm¿∏-td-‰n¬ A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv. Ch¿°v do\p (tdmk) sIm®p-t{Xky (doP) a°-fmWv.

V.3 BKkvXn (VI)

1 amWn

2 h¿°n

3 amXyp

4 tXmakv

VI.4 amWn (sIm®v) amWn apX-e-t°m-SØv ]co-°¬ t{Xkysb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ah¿°v c≠p a°-fm-bn-cp∂p.

VI.4 amWn (VII)

1 BKkvXn (Ip™v)

2 hdp-Kokv

VII.5 BKkvXn

VIII.9 tPmjn (1969) Ipdp-ºm-ea - ‰w hmWn-bI - n-gt- °¬ (F≈n¬) tPmk-^n-s‚bpw˛CSbm¬ A∂-bp-sSbpw aIƒ jnPnsb hnhmlw Ign®p. Ch¿°v k®n≥, {ipXn (adnb) a°ƒ. tPmjn apX-e-t°m-SØv hml-\-ß-fpsS Uoedpw, Hmt´m samss_¬ t_mUn _n¬UnwKv tjm∏v, tPmjv {Smh¬kv DS-abp-amWv. Xmakw apX-e-t°m-Sw.

VII.10 hdp-Kokv (h°-®≥)

\mK-∏pg Ad-bv°¬ Ipcym-t°mkv˛Bdp-Im-en¬ A∂Ω Zº-XnI-fpsS aIƒ t{Xkysb (Ip´n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v a°ƒ \mev. BKkvXn 1995 ¬ ac-W-a-S™p.

hdp-Kokv s]cp-ºn-≈n-®nd sNº-cØn If-∏p-c-bn¬ Hutk-∏-®≥ ˛Be-bv°m-∏n-≈n¬ A∂-°p´n aIƒ tkm^n-sb-bmWv hnhmlw sNbvXXv. A©p a°-fp≠v.

VII.5 BKkvXn

VII.10 hdp-Kokv (VIII)

(VIII) 1 Ce-_√

2 sUbvkn

3 hnae

4 tPmjn

VIII.6 Ck-s_√ (1955) {]hn-Øm\w N{µ≥Ipt∂¬ sk_m-Ãy-t‚bpw I√-d-bv°¬ adnbm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. amXyp ]mem sk‚ vtXmakv tImtf-Pnepw Ck-s_√m ]mem A≥t^m≥km tImtf-Pnepw s{]m^-k-¿amcmWv. Ch¿°v tim`, sIm®p-dmWn c≠p -a-°ƒ.

VIII.7 sUbvkn (1959) amdnI, aÆq¿ ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ aØmbn˛]md-bm-\n-°¬ Gen Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ t__n-°p´n tPm¨ hnhmlw Ign®p. sUbvkn M.A., B.Ed. tImX-aw-Kew tIm¿∏-td‰v amt\-Pvsa‚n¬ A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv. Ch¿°v AarX aI-fmWv. 360

1

2

3

4

5

\m≥kn

t__n

kn_n

t•mdnb

kn≥kn

VIII.11 \m≥kn (1961) aW¿ImSv CS-hI sat\-∏-d-ºn¬ Ipcym-t°m-kn-s‚bpw tacn-bpsSbpw aI≥ t_m_≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. \m≥kn MA., B.Ed. sk≥{S¬ kvIqfnepw t_m_≥ Iº-\n-bnepw tPmen t\m°n hcp∂p. Ch¿°v do\ aI-fmWv.

VIII.12 t__n Icn-º≥ ]ph-Øp-¶¬ t]mfns‚ aIƒ ^nPn (tacn) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v \nXy, AΩp a°-fmWv. 361

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII.13 kn_n B.Sc. (1965) Cc-´h - ≈ - n-tØmSv hmg-bn¬ tXma-kn-t‚bpw˛enkn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ jmPp hnhmlw sNbvXp. jmPp apwss_-bn¬ Hcp Iº-\n-bnepw kn_n Xmcm-]q¿ Bt‰m-an°v F\¿Pn tlmkv]n-‰-en¬ Ãm^v t\gvkpw Bbn tPmen t\m°p∂p. Ch¿°v tXmakv (F_n≥) aI-\mWv.

VIII.14 t•mdnb ss]tßm-´q¿, sIm®p-ap-´Øv B‚Wn˛ I]ym-cp-ae I{Xo\ aI≥ temd≥kv hnhmlw sNbvXp. B‚Wn aI-\mWv.

VIII.15 kn≥kn B.Sc Imc- I p- t ∂¬ (sXt°- b ‰w) kÆn aI≥ s_∂n hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v Ip´≥ aI-\mWv.

VII.21 t{Xky VII.22 B≥kn VI.23 amXyp sXm´n-∏-d-ºn¬ Bc-°pg B\n°pgn-bn¬ Iqcym-t°mkv˛]md-°m´n¬ t{Xky aIƒ adn-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°-fn√. adn-bmΩ 2000 epw amXyp 2001-epw acWa-S-™p.

VI.24 tXmakv (sXmΩ-®≥) sXm´n-∏-d-ºn¬ BK-kvXn-bpsS Cf-b-]p{X≥ tXmakv Gg-√q¿ Xøn¬ Nmt°m˛ap≠-bv°m-a-‰-Øn¬ t{Xkym aIƒ tacn (aman)sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v 7 a°-fmWv.

VI.16 h¿°n sXm´n-∏-d-ºn¬ BK-kvXn-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI≥ h¿°n Imcnt°mSv Nqc-t\m-en-°¬ s{^©p aIƒ Gensb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Bet°mSv Ic-bn¬ \n∂pw hn‰v KqU-√q¿ \oe-Kn-cn-bn¬ Xma-k-am°n. Ch¿°v Bdv a°-fmWv.

VI.16 h¿°n (VII) 1 2 3 4 t{Xky AK-Ãn≥ ]m∏-®≥ h°-®≥

5 tXmakv

6 B≥kn sXmΩ-®\pw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

VII.17 AK-Ãn≥

VI.24 tXmakv

hnhm-ln-X-\m-sb-¶nepw a°-fn-√msX acn®p.

VII.18 ]m∏-®≥ hnhm-ln-X-\mWv c≠v Ip´n-I-fp≠v. \oen-Kn-Kn-cn-bn¬ Xs∂ Xmakn-°p∂p.

VII.19 h°®≥ {]mb]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂-Xn\v apºp-Xs∂ ac-W-a-S-™p.

VII.20 tXmakv (ama-®≥) hnhm-ln-X\ - mWv. c≠v Ip´n-If - p≠v t{Xkym, B≥kn. Chsc \oeKn-cnbn¬ Xs∂ IeymWw Ign-®p-hn´p. 362

(VII) 1 BKkvXn

2 tPmk^v

3 tPm¿÷v

4 sk_m-Ãy≥

5 amXyp

6 tXmakv

7 jmen

VII.25 kÆn (BKkvXn) tImSn-°pfw Im°-\m´v ]utem-kn-s‚bpw aqe-bn¬ t{Xkym-Ωbp-sSbpw aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. kÆn Hdok Kh¨sa‚ v k¿∆o-kn¬ ^m¿a-kn-Ãmbpw tacn Hdo-k-bn¬ Xs∂ F.C.I. tlmkv]n-‰en¬ t\gvknwKv kq{]-≠mbpw tPmen t\m°n hc-an®v Ct∏mƒ apX-et°m-SØv Xd-hm-´n¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w Xma-kn-°p∂p. Ch¿°v do\, Zo]°v a°-fmWv. 363

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.25 kÆn

VII.28 tPmWn (tPm-k-^v)

(VIII) 1

2

do\

Zo]Iv

VIII.26 do\ M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed. Fd-Wm-Ipfw CS-∏≈n RmWb°¬ ho´n¬ F≥.hn. tPmknt‚bpw˛tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tPmk^v (Engineer) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v dnb aI-fmWv.

VIII.27 Zo]°v (B.Tech.) Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv C≥t^m ]m¿°n¬ TCS-¬ tkm^v‰vshbdn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

VII.28 tPmk^v (tPmWn) 1949 tPmWn \S-h° - mSv ]n´m-∏n-≈n¬ De-l∂ - m-t‚bpw h´-°pgn t{Xkybp-sSbpw aIƒ t{Xkm-°p-´nsb (tamfn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v {]nb, {]n≥kv a°-fmWv. tPmWn apX-e-t°mSw k¿∆okv kl-I-cW _m¶ns‚ sk{I´dnbmbncp∂p. IpSpw-_-tbm-K-Øns‚ ap≥ sk{I-´-dn. t{Xkym- ° p´n hmg- ∏ n≈n Kh¨sa‚ v kv I qƒ slUv a n- k v { Skv Bbncp∂p.

(VIII) 1

2

{]nb

{]n≥kv

VIII.29 {]nb (M.Sc., B.Ed. SET) 1977 aqe-a‰w hmg-Nm-cn-°¬ tXmakv sNdn-bm-t‚bpw ]mem Rmh≈n sXt°¬ A®mΩ tXma-kn-t‚bp aI≥ tSmw tXmakv hnhmlw sNbvXp. tSmw B.Tech. (tPmtam≥) sIan-°¬ F©n-\o-bd- mbn _mw•q-cn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. Ch¿°v en‰n¬ tSmw aI-\mWv. t\l aI-fpw.

VIII.30 {]n≥kv (tXmakv 1979) M.Sc. (Computer) aq°-∂q¿ sNßn-Wn-bm-S≥ h¿§o-kns‚ aIƒ _n_n-bmWv `mcy. Ct∏mƒ tkm^v‰vshb¿ F©n-\o-b-dmbn Fd-Wm-Ip-f-ØmWv tPmen t\m°p∂p.

VII.31 tPm¿÷v 1951 apf-∏pdw aT-Øn-°-≠-Øn¬ h¿°n˛tN∂-∏n-≈n¬ {_nPo‰ aIƒ sa‰n¬Umsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. sIhn≥, Intjm¿ a°-fmWv.

tPm¿÷pw IpSpw-_hpw

VIII.32 sIhn≥ (1981) tPmWnbpw IpSpw-_hpw

M.Sc Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn-Ivkv. Ct∏mƒ Zp_m-bn¬ tPmen. Intjm¿ (1982) BSc Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn-Ivkv, Fw.-_n.-Fbpw ]m€mbn.

364

365

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.33 t__n (sk_m-Ãy≥) B.Sc. sXmΩ≥IpØvv ]mtd-°m-´n¬ amXyp-tN∂∏n-≈n¬ t{Xky- aIƒ tkm^nsb B.Com hnhmlw sNbvXp. _mw•q-cn¬ glass and plywoods _nkn-\-kmWv. k®n≥ (tXmakv) aI-\mWv.

VII.34 amXyp (ama-®≥) MBA tImX-aw-Kew shfn-b® - m¬ s]cp-ºn-≈n¬ tXmakv˛Im°-\m´v Gen°p-´n- aIƒ P€nsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ama-®≥ sXmSp-]pg _nkn-\kv sNøp∂p. P€n kuZn-bn¬ t\gvkv Bbn-cp∂p. Ch¿°v s\hn≥, \nhnb a°-fmWv. Xmakw aW-°m-Sv, sXmSp-]pg.

amWnbpw `mcy {_nPoØbpw

VII.35 tPmbn (tXmakv) M.Sc., B.Ed. ssh°w, h√-Iw-N-°p-¶¬ Pbnw-kn-s‚ aIƒ eXsb BSc., M.C.A. hnhmlw sNbv X p. tPmbn _mw•q- c n¬ A≤ym- ] - I - \ mbn tPmen t\m°p∂p. t\mb¬ aI-\mWv.

VII.36 jmen (tacn) B.Sc., B.Ed. ASq¿ Xd-aw-K-eØv tPm¿÷v-Ip™Ω aI≥ tP°_v tPm¿÷v (cmPp) hnhmlw sNbvXp. cmPp Acp-Wm-N¬{]-tZiv apJy-a-{¥n-bpsS t]gvk-W¬ Ãm^nepw jmen Acp-Wm-N-en¬ Kh¨sa‚ v kvIqfn¬ slUvan-kv{Skv Bbpw tPmen t\m°p∂p. Ch¿°v ]n¶n, {]oXn, {]nb¶ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

V.37 Hutk^v ]qa‰Øn¬ (acWw 1932) Bc-°pg IÆ-Øp-Ipgn (amtX-°¬) t{Xkysb hnhmlw sNbvXp. t{Xkym 20-11-1953 ¬ acn®p. Ip™m∏pw Ip™pw a°-fmWv.

V.37 Hutk^v 1 amWn

(VI)

VI.38 amWn (Ip™m∏v) (VII) 1

2

3

t{Xkym

tPmkv

kvIdnb

4

5

tacn ^ntem-an\

6

7

8

9

amXyp tPm¿÷v FΩm-\p-h¬ BKkvXn

VII.39 t{Xkym (en√n) kn. tPmk^v (1943) sk‚ v B≥kv tIm¨sh‚ v Pmw\K¿, KpP-dm-Øv. Ct∏mƒ U¬ln-bn¬ t{]jnX {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-em-Wv.

VII.40 tPmkv (1946-1996) ao\n-®n¬ Xmeq-°n¬ hS-t°-apdn ho´n¬ tPmkn-t‚bpw aWns°m-tº¬ t{Xky-bp-sSbpw aIƒ F¬knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. _nt\mbv, _nPp, _nPn, hn≥kn Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

2 h¿°n

VI.38 Ip™m∏v (amWn) 1922˛1983 amWn G\m-\√ - q¿ Xpcp-tج (Im°-\m´v) kvIdn-bb - p-sSbpw Xqap≈n¬ adn-b-Øn-s‚bpw aIƒ {_nPo-Øsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]qa‰w Xd-hmSv hn‰v ae-_m-dn¬ sh≈n-cn-°p≠v F∂ ÿeØv Xma-k-am°n. HºXv a°-fmWv. sh≈n-cn-°p≠v amhp-≈n¬ ]≈n knan-tØ-cn-bn¬ amWnsb kwkvI-cn®p.

tPmkpw IpSpw_-hpw

366

367

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.40 tPmkv

VII.47 ^ntem-an\ (Hm-a-\) 1953

(VIII) 1 _nt\mbv

2 _nPp

3 _nPn

4 hn≥kn

VIII.41 _nt\mbv VIII.42 _nPp (1972) Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv Iqπ-°c Nm≠n-bp-sS aIƒ P€nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. sh≈n-cn-°p-≠n¬ Xmakw.

VIII.43 _nPn (1975)

s_fm≥ Ic-bn¬ sNΩc∏≈nbn¬ tXmakv-tX°pw-Im-´n¬ A∂Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPmk^v (t_-_n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. jn_p, jnPp Ch¿ Cc´ a°-fmWv. (1975)

VII.48 amXyp (a-Ø-®≥) M.A. 1955 sXmSp-]pg, tImSn-°pfw Im∏n¬ tPmk^v˛ XnS-\mSv ]pen-°p-t∂¬ eoemΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ acn-bsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. amWn-®≥, {_n-Po-Ø (enb) a°-fmWv.

a≠]w CS-hI Ipf-ºp-Im´v tPmk^v ˛ A∂Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tXmakv (X-¶-®≥) 1996-¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VIII.44 hn≥kn VII.45 kvIdnb (1949) ]memhb¬ IZfn-°m-´n¬ Ipcy-t‚bpw ˛ ]c-h-cm-IØv A∂-Ωbp-tSbpw aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. kmw, kP\n, kuay Ch¿ a°-fmWv. amXyphpw IpSpw_hpw VII.49 tPm¿÷v (1957-1982) I¿Øm-hn¬ \n{Z-{]m-]n®p.

VII.50 FΩm-\p-h¬ (tPm-fn) 1961 Nn‰m-cn-°¬ Ic-bn¬ s\Spw-X-I-Sn-tb¬ sPtdmw˛A∂Ω Zº-XnI-fpsS aIƒ h’-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a\p (1989), a\oj (1991), sPtdmw (1964) a°-fmWv. h’Ω 2002¬ \ncym-X-bmbn.

VII.51 AK-Ãn≥ (t__n) 1963 kvIdnbmbpw IpSpw_hpw

VII.46 tacn (kn. t\m_nƒ) 1951 tacn hnZym- ` ym- k - m \¥cw ¢mc aT- Ø n¬ tN¿∂p. Ct∏mƒ Xfn-∏-dºv ]pjv]-Kncnbnep≈ tIm¨sh‚n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. 368

s\ø-t»cn Xpem∏n≈n Ipcy-s‚bpw h´-°pgn t{Kkn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ adn-bsb (sj¿fn) 1970 ¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. sk_n≥, F_n≥, km{µ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.52 h¿°n (Ip™v) 1930-2003 ]qa-‰Ø - n¬ Hutk-∏ns‚ ZzXob ]p{X≥ Ip™v IpS-bØ - q¿ thcp¶¬ tPmk^v ˛ ao\n-®n¬ hnf-°p-amSw ]pXn-bn-SØv t{Xky Zº-Xn-IfpsS aIƒ A∂sb (A®mΩ) hnhmlw sNbvXp. A®mΩ 1970-¬ I¿Øm-hn¬ \n{Z-{]m-]n®p. 369

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.52 Ip™v

V.57 tdmk ate-∏-d-ºn¬

(VII) 1 sIm®pt{Xky

2 tPmk^v

VII.53 sIm®p-t{Xkym (eqkn) 1956 ]∂n-a‰w Ing-t°-°c ho´n¬ amWn, Ad-°pfw a™-°p-t∂¬ A∂Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ sI.Fw. tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. a\p (am\ph¬), Bt‚m (B‚Wn) a°-fmWv.

]pXn-bn-SØpIpt∂¬ amWn-bpsS A©m-asØ aIsf Icn-aÆ - q¿, ate- ∏ - d - º - e n¬ aØmbn hnhmlw sNbv X p. hdp- K okv (sIm®v ) Ip™mt°m, t{Xkym, adn-bmΩ, Ip™m∏v Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

V.58 Nmt°m ]me-°p-gn-bn¬ (1900) \mK-∏pg Ad-bv°¬ amWn-bpsS aIƒ t{Xkysb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Bdv a°-fmWv.

VII.54 tPmk^v (tPmbn) (1958) ao\-®n¬ ]Sn-™msd apdn-bn¬ amXyp tPm¿÷v ˛ am∂m\w ]pd°cn Fen-k-_Øv Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ kteman (kmen) sb 1985-¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Koh-dp-Kokv, A\p, (dn‰p), Ipcy≥ Ch¿ a°-fmWv. Koh-dp-Kokv _n.-sSIv Ign™v tkm^v‰v shb¿ F©n-\o-bdmbn tPmenbn-cn°p-∂p. Nmt°mbpw t{Xkymbpw

V.58 Nmt°m (VI) 1 amWn

2 t{Xky

3 amXyp

4 A∂-°p´n

5 Gen-°p´n

6 hdp-Kokv

VI.59 ]n.kn. amWn (Ip™v) apXnc-a-‰-Øn¬, acWw 1964) Ip™pw A®mΩbpw

tPmbnbpw IpSw_hpw

Xgp-hw-Ip∂v Ic-bn¬ dmØ-∏n-≈n¬ aØmbn˛A∂ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ adn-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Bdv a°-fm-Wv.

V.55 Gen Ad-bv°¬ ]pXn-bn-SØ - p-Ip-t∂¬ amWn-bpsS aqØ-aI - ƒ Gensb sXmSp-]pg Xgp-h≥Ip∂v Ad-bv°¬ amWn hnhmlw sNbvXp. amWn, A∂Ω, Ip™n-s]Æv, Gen-°p´n, tdmk-°p´n, Ip™p-ad- n-bmΩ, Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

V.56 adnbw Cc-W-°¬ amWn-bpsS c≠m-asØ aIsf ssh°w Xe-tbm-e-∏-dºv Ic-bn¬ \n∂pw apX-e-t°mSw Cc-W-bv°¬ ho´n¬ Ipcym-t°mkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. E.K. hdp-Kokv (Ip™v), Adv. E.K. tPmk^v (Ip™q™v) (Notary Public), Ip™n-s∏Æv, A∂-°p´n, Ip™p-s]Æv Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

Ip™pw adn-bm-Ωbpw

370

371

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VI.59 amWn (VII)

1 tacn

2 3 Nmt°m tPmbn

4 tamfn

5 ssee

6 am\p-h¬

VII.60 tacn M.A., B.Ed. amf ] - ≈ - n-∏pdw X´-IØv tPmkv (F©n-\o-b¿) hnhmlw sNbvXp. tacn A≤ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. kqkn, am\p-h¬ Ch¿ a°-fmWv. amf ]≈n-∏p-dØv Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VII.61 Pbnwkv (Nmt°m-®≥) tImX-aw-Kew Ad-bv°-Ip-Sn-bn¬ tXmakv˛tX°n-e-°m´v tdmk aIƒ do\sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. apX-e-t°m-SØv Xma-kw.

]me I´-°-bw tXma-kv-˛-a-dn-bmΩ aIƒ kmensb hnhmlw sNbvXp. AΩp, A\p, Acp¨ (Ip™p-amWn) Ch¿ a°-fmWv. Xmakw sXmSp-]p-g-bn¬. ^e-kw-kvI-c-Ww, AXnYn k¬°mcw XpS-ßnb cwKß-fn¬ {]h¿Ø-\w. aIƒ AΩp-hns\ Xriq¿ eq¿±v]pcw Nmgq¿ Nm≠n ho´n¬ Hutk-∏v-˛-tim-i∂w aI≥ tPm hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VII.63 tamfn B.A., B.Ed. amf ]≈n-∏pdw X´-IØv tkhy¿ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ip°p, aWn°p´n Ch¿ a°-fmWv. tamfn slUvan-kv{Skv Bbn sslkv°q-fn¬ tPmen t\m°p∂p. amf-bn¬ Xma-kw.

VII.64 ssee ]me ]Sn-™m-sd-°c t__n-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. AeIvkv, aoc Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VII.65 am\p-h¬ (t__n-®≥) B.Com. tImX- a w- K ew amfn- t b- ° ¬ h¿°n˛t{Xky aIƒ P€nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tdmkvtacn, {Sokm tacn, B≥tacn, Ip™p-amWn, h¿°n-®≥, Ch¿ a°-fmWv. t__n-®≥ L.I.C. bn¬ tPmen BWv.

Nmt°m-®\pw do\bpw

VII.62 tPmbn B.Com.

t__n®\pw IpSpw_hpw

VI.66 t{Xky (Ip™p-s]Æv)

tPmbnbpw IpSpw_hpw

Xgp-hw-Ip∂v dmØ-∏n-≈n¬ aØmbn, ]p¬∏-d-ºn¬ A∂Ω ZºXn-If - psS aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Beokv, amØp-°p´n, dq_n (FC tIm¨sh‚ v) t__n tamƒ, _m_p Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

372

373

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.67 amXyp (aØ-®≥) amfn-I-∏-d-ºn¬

VI.73 hdp-Kokv (]m∏p) ]me-°p-gn-bn¬

Nmt°m-bpsS aI≥ amXyp Ieq¿ amdm-´n¬ BKkvXn Ipcy≥ ˛ \mK-∏pg hen-b-]p-Ø≥]pc B·kv Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXp. s_‰n, _o\, _ntPm a°-fmWv.

tImX-aw-Kew tIm´-∏Sn ]pfn-°-Ip-t∂¬ ho´n¬ t{Kknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. \mep a°-fmWv.

VI.67 amXyp 1 s_‰n

(VII) 2 _o\

3 _ntPm

VII.68 s_‰n Nn‰q¿ ]pfn-I-≠-Øn¬ ss]en-bp-sSbpw, Ip∂pw-]pdw I{Xn-bpsSbpw aI≥ ss]en 1987 ¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. GI aIƒ en‰n ]Tn°p∂p. ss]en tKmh-bn¬ P.W.D. F≥Pn-\o-b¿ Bbn tPmen sNøp∂p

VII.69 _o\ h≠-a‰w ]¥-bv°¬ aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw Bb-h\ - I - n-g°pw `mKØv adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aI≥ X¶-®≥ (Health Inspector) 1995 ¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. dn®p (amXyp) aI-\mWv.

VII.70 _ntPm B.Sc., P.G.D.C.A. bpw Ign™v Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv Wrench Solutions ¬ sSIv\n-°¬ eoU-dmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. tPmkv Ddp-ºn¬ s\√n-ticn-bp-sSbpw hmg-°pfw Ac-™m-en¬ Nn∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ s{Kbvkv M.C.A. BWv `mcy. Hcp Ip´n amXyq-kv.

VI.71 A∂-°p´n tImX-aw-Ke - Øv tPm_v˛Fen-k_ - Øv Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ B‚Wn hnhmlw sNbvXp. _ntPm, _nµp Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

]m∏phpw IpSpw-_hpw

1 kn‘p

VI.73 hdp-Kokv (VII)

2 kn\n

3 kmPp

4 knPn

VII.74 kn‘p B.Com. aq∂n-ehv hSt° afi-]-Øn¬ Nmt°m˛sXømΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tdmWn hnhmlw sNbvXp. VII.75 kn\n (kn. B¬^n) BA., B.Ed. tImX-aw-Kew Bcm-[\m aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂p. k`mhkv{X kzoI-cWw 27- 01-1997

VII.76 kmPp M.Com.

VI.72 Gen-°p´n (kn. Beokv) kn. Beokv sImc-´n-bn¬ Bcm-[-\m-a-T-Øn¬ tN¿∂v 1961 ¬ k`m-hkv{Xw kzoI-cn®p. sXmSp-]pg s{]mhn≥jy¬ lukn-em-Wv. 374

CSp°n Pn√m sNdp-InS hyh-kmb kl-Ic - W kwL-Øn¬ sk{I´-dn-bm-Wv. `mcy kvanX M.Sc., B.Ed. Iqc-a‰w sk_m-Ãy-t‚bpw A©m\n-°¬ adn-bm-Ωb - p-sSbpw aIfmWv. Ct∏mƒ tIm˛Hm∏td‰ohv kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. 375

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.77 knPn M.A.

10 B.

V.78 A∂ imkvXmw-Ip-t∂¬

]pXn-bn-S-Øp-Ip-t∂¬ imJm-]n-Xm-hmb BK-kvXn-bpsS c≠masØ aI≥ ss]en Ip∂w ]´-bw-I-h-ebv°p kao]w Ipf-tº¬ \neØn\p ]Sn-™m-dp≈ ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ Adbpw \nc-bp-w \ne-h-d-bp-ambn Hcp hoSp-h®p Xma-k-am°n. Ct±lw IS-\mSv CS-hI πm°-Æn-°¬ BKkvXn aIƒ Gensb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v \mev B¨ a°fmWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv. Ipfºv F∂m¬ Xmgv∂ ÿe-sa-∂m-W¿∞w.

]pXn-bn-S-Øp-Ip-t∂¬ amWn-bpsS Cfb ]p{Xn A∂sb DSp-º∂q¿ imkvXmw-Ip-t∂¬ Nmt°m hnhmlw sNbvXp. imkvXmw-Ip-t∂¬ IpSpw_ ÿm]I ]nXm-hmb h¿°n-bpsS ZznXob k¥m-\-am-bn-cp∂p Nmt°m. amWn, h¿°n, Ipcym-®≥, t{Xkym-°p´n Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

Ipftº¬

V.79 ^m. tUm. hdp-Kokv (acWw 20.11.1982) 1929 ¬ Intermediate ]m€mbn. 1930 ¬ tkew anj-\n¬ tN¿∂p. 1932¬ bqtdm∏n\v t]mbn. _¬Pnbw, tdmw, {^m≥kv ChnS-ß-fn¬ sshZn-I-]-T\w. 1940 HmKÃv 18\v eq¿±n¬ h®v sshZo-I-\mbn. c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Im-eØv _¬Pn-b-Øn-embn-cp∂p. bp≤w-aqew 13 h¿jw Ign™v ^mZ¿ hdp-Kokv \m´n¬ Xncn®p h∂-t∏mƒ lrZ-bw-K-amb Hcp hc-thev]v \evIp-I-bp≠mbn. tke- Ø p- h ®v tZl- h n- t bmKw sNbvXp.

IV.80 amXyp ]pXnbnS-Øp-Ip-t∂¬ BK-kvXn-bpsS A©m-asØ ]p{X≥ amXyp ]T-\Ø - n¬ _lp-ka - ¿∞\m-bn-cp-∂p. D]-cn-]T - \ - Ø - n-\mbn hntZ-it- Ø°v t]mbn. AhnsS ]Tn®pw ]Tn-∏n-®p-an-cns° BI-kvan-I-ambn ac-W-a-S™p

IV. 1 ss]en (V) 1 BKkvXn

2 tPm¨

3 amXyp

4 A{_mlw

V. 2 ^m. BKkvXn sNº-cØn ss]en-bpsS aqØ-aI - ≥ BKkvXn 1891˛¬ P\n-®p. Fd-Wm-Ipfw cq]-Xb - v°p-th≠n 1927-¬ Kpcp-∏´w kzoI-cn®p. hmg-°pfw ]≈nbn¬ Akn- v hnIm-cn-bmbn BZy-\n-ba\w. Fd-Wm-Ipfw AXn-cq-]-X-bn¬ At\-IC-S-h-I-I-fn¬ hnIm-cn-bmbn tkh\w A\pjvTn-®n-´p≠v. Icn-¶p∂w ]pØ≥]-≈n-bpsS ]Wn Bcw-`n-®Xv BKkvXn A®-\m-bn-cp∂p. Ingt° tImSn-°pfw, Acn-°pg, Bº-√q¿, IS-a-°pSn, C©qcv, ]pt∂-°m´v, Xm∂n-∏pg, tImS-\mSv, tImeSn, sX∂-Øqcv apX-embh Ct±-l-Øns‚ tkh\w e`n® ]≈n-I-fn¬ Nne-Xp-am-{X-amWv. XnI™ `‡\pw, kmXzn-I\ - p-amb At±lsØ C∂pw kvt\lm-Zc - h - p-It- fm-sS-bmWv Ghcpw Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂Xv. Btcm-Ky-]c - a - mb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ kz¥w CS-h-I-bmb apX-e-t°m-SØv hn{ia PohnXw \bn-®p-h-cnth 22.10.1964-¬ \nXy-k-Ωm-\-Øn-\mbn hnfn-°-s∏´p. apX-et°mSw s^mtdm-\-]-≈n-bn¬ arX-tZlw kwkvI-cn®p. kvamc-Iin-ebpw ÿm]n-®n-´p≠v.

V. 3 tPm¨ (Ip©n-tem-®≥ 1901-˛1976 ) ss]en-bpsS aI≥ tPm¨ Ie-b¥m\n CS-hI tImSn-a-‰-Øn¬ Nmt°m-bp-tSbpw thfm-t®cn A∂-bp-sSbpw aIƒ t{Xkymsb hnhmlw 376

377

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNbvXv Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-k-am°n. Ch¿°v 5 BWpw 4 s]Æpw a°fmbn D≠m-bn-cp∂p. 23.9.1976¬ tPmWpw, `mcy t-{Xky 1988 Pqsse 29\pw kz¿§-{]m-]vXcmbn. Ch¿ apX-e-t°mSw s^m. ]≈n knan-tØ-cnbn¬ IpSpw-_-I-√-d-bn¬ kwkvI-cn-°-s∏´p.

VII. 5 Ah-cm-®≥ (A{_mlw) 1947 Imfn-Imhp If-∏p-cb - v°¬ hdp-Ko-kn-s‚bpw Du∂p-I¬ ]d-tº¬ adn-b-Øn-s‚bpw aIƒ Nn∂-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ ASbv°m-°p-≠n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. a°ƒ 3.

Ip©n-tem-®\pw t{Xkymbpw

V. 3 tPm¨ (VI) 1

2

3

4

5

6

tPmk^v tacn A∂-°p´n Pbnwkv AK-Ãn≥ amXyp

7 F’n

8

Ah-cm-®\pw IpSpw-_mwK-ßfpw

9

en√n tPm¿÷v

VII. 5 A{_mlw (VIII)

VI. 4 tPmk^v (Ip™v) hnZym-`ym-km-\-¥cw Icn-¶p∂w Imh-∏p-c-bv°¬ Hutk-∏n-s‚bpw Ih-fw-am-°n¬ Gen-bp-sSbpw aIƒ adn-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]´-bw-I-h-ebv°p kao]w hbem-]-d-ºn¬ Xma-k-am°n. AXp-hn‰v ae∏pdw Pn√-bn¬ Icp-hm-c°p-≠nepw Imfn-Im-hnepw, Ah-km\w ImcmSv sh≈mw{_w F∂ ÿeØpw amdn-amdn Xma-kn®p. \mev BWpw c≠p s]Æpw a°-fmWv.

VI. 4 tPmk^v (VII) 1 Ah-cm-®≥

2 X¶Ω

3 tPmbn

4 t__n 378

1 tamfn

2 ss_Pp

3 _ntPm

VIII. 6 tamfn Nß-\m-t»cn ]mtd-∏≈n s\Spw-]d- º - n¬ tPmk^ns‚bpw sNß∂q¿ Idp-hm-°pfw ho´n¬ tacn-°p-´n-bp-tSbpw aI≥ s_∂n (tPm-k^v) hnhm-lw- sN-bvXp.

VIII . 7 ss_Pp 5 dPn

6 ssj\n

]mem cma-]pcw tXh¿Ip-t∂¬ AK-Ãn-s‚bpw ]≈n-bm-Sn-bn¬ eoem-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ kvanXsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. GI aIƒ U∂ma-cnb. 379

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII. 8 _ntPm (^m. tPm¿÷v sNº-c-Øn) Xmact»cn cq]-X° - p-th≠n hS-hm-Xp¿ skan\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v sshZnI ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. 2007 Unkw- _ ¿ 28- ˛ mw XobXn _nj∏v am¿ Nn‰n- e ∏n≈nbn¬ \n∂pw sshZo-I-]´w kzoI-cn-®p.

VII. 9 X¶Ω: tNm°m´v Ic-bn¬ tIm´-∏p-dØv ho´n¬ Nmt°m-bp-sSbpw tX°pwIm-´n¬ adn-bm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ (Ip™-∏≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ tNm°m´v Xma-kn-°p∂p. Ch¿°v jn¬Pn, {]ho¨ a°-fm-bp≠v.

sdPnbpw IpSpw-_hpw

VII. 10 tPmbn (tPmk^v)

VII. 13 ssj\n

IqØm-´p-Ipfw hS-t°-\n-c-∏n¬ hdp-Ko-kn-s‚bpw CS-t»cn tXm´Øn¬ Gen-bp-sSbpw aIƒ h’Ω (Beokv) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ tXƒ∏md F∂ ÿeØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. Acp¨ (tPm¨), Intjm¿ (hdp-Kokv), tPm_n (tPmk^v), Pnj (tacn) Ch¿ a°-fm-Wv.

tNm°m-Sp-I-c-bn¬ aT-Øn¬ h¿°n ˛ t{Xky aI≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ (t__n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Xmakw ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse ]pWymIp¿»n F∂ ÿe-ØmWv. ktIjv (h¿°n), jnt‚m (tPmk^v), jn≥kn (t{XkymΩ) Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VII. 11 t__n (tPm¨) hf-sc-°m-ew- U¬ln-bn¬ Hcp {Sm≥kvt]m¿´v Iº-\n-bn¬ tPmen sNbvXp. \ne-ºq¿ Aºm´p eq°m-bp-tSbpw Nß-\m-t»cn Fc-™n-°¬ Gen-bm-Ωb - p-tSbpw aIƒ en√n (t{Xkymsb) hnhmlw sNbvXp. _mw•qcn-tebv°v ÿew-am‰w hmßn AhnsS IpSpw-_-ambn Xma-kn-®p-h-cth lrZ-bm-LmXw aqew ac-Wa - S- ™p. t__n-°p-]I - cw en√n°v Iº\nbn¬ tPmen-bp≠v. Ah¿ Pqln (tacn) tPmXnjv (tPmk^v) F∂o a°-fpambn _mw•q-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p.

VI. 14 adn-b-°p´n (tacn) sXmSp-]pg hmg-°pfw hS-t°-°c aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw, s\Sp-¶t- √¬ adn-b-Øn-s‚bpw aI≥ tXma€v hnhmlw sNbvXp. sUbnkn, sSkn, _m_q-kv, ]ufn, Beokv, tPmfn, kep, jmPn, sj√n a°-fmWv. a°ƒ an°-hcpw sÃbn-‰vkn-em-Wv.

VI. 15 A∂-°p´n h≠-a‰w AS-∏qcp ho´n¬ tPmWn-s‚bpw Icn-a-Æq¿ hcn-°-t»cn¬ t{Xkym-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tPmk^v (]m∏-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Ggp-ap-´Øv Xma-kn-°p∂p. GI- a-I≥ tPm¨k¨.

VII.12 dPn (hdp-Kokv)

VI. 16 Pbnwkv (Nmt°m-®≥ 1932)

\ne-ºq¿ hmg-∏n-≈n¬ hdp-Ko-kn-t‚bpw thßq¿ XÆn-t°m´v kmdm- Ω - b p- s Sbpw aIƒ tamfn (tacn) sb hnhmlw sNbv X p. sh≈mw{_w F∂ ÿeØv kz¥-ambn s{]mhn-j≥ tÃm¿ \S-Øp∂p. jnt\mPv (hdp-Kokv), anYp≥ (tPmk^v) a°-fmbn D≠v.

tPmWns‚ c≠m-asØ aI≥ Pbnwkv I√q¿°mSv s\Sp-¶-t√¬ (Ckvt°m-fb - v°¬) tPmWn-s‚bpw dmØ-∏n-≈n¬ A∂-bp-sSbpw aIƒ t{Xkym-°p-´nsb 1957¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ip∂w ]´-bw-I-hebv°p kao]w hb-em-]d- º - n¬ Xma-ka - m°n. ]me-°mSp Pn√-bn¬ hS-°≥tNcn Imfmw-Ip-fØv \n∂pw Ct∏mƒ apX-e-t°mSw s]cp-ºn-≈n-®n-d-bn¬ Xma-

380

381

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

kn-°p∂p. 1961 apX¬ sXmSp-]pg A¿_≥ kl-I-cW _m¶n¬ No^v A°u-≠‚ v B-bn-cp∂p. 1990-˛¬ hnc-an®p. Ct∏mƒ IpSpw-_-tbmKw {]kn-U‚pw Ncn{X IΩ‰n AwK-hp-am-Wv.

VII. 19 jmPp 1961 B.Com. Bc-°pg AS-∏q¿ tPm¿÷v tPmWn-t‚bpw DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ amWn°-\mw-]d- º - n¬ tamfn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ _o\sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. \mep a°-fp≠v. eb, [\y, tPmjzm (tPmk^v), \nΩn (tacn) F√m-hcpw ]Tn°p∂p.

jmPphpw IpSpw-_hpw Nmt°m-®\pw a°fpw acpa°fpw sIm®pa°fpw

VII. 20 jm‚n (U¬^o\m 1965) B.A., H.D.C.

VI.16 sPbnwkv (VII) 1 tdmWn

2 tj¿en

3 jmPp

4 jm‚n

5 jn¬Pn

6 sj¬\m

VII. 17 tdmWn (sa‰n¬Um 1958) B.Sc. aqhm-‰p-]pg s]cp-º-√q¿, s\√q¿ h¿°n aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw s]cnßg \otcm-en-°¬ Gen-°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tPm¿÷v B.A. hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v kmap-h¬ tPm¿Pv aI-\m-Wv.

VII. 18 tj¿en (am¿§-c‰v 1960) B.Com. sXmSp-]pg sX°pw-`mKw \mev]-Xmw-I-f-Øn¬ tXma-kn-t‚bpw tXm´p-]p-dØv tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ t__n hnhmlw sNbvXp. KoXp (t{Xkym), Kn‰p (Pbnwkv) a°-fmWv. 382

Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmbn t{]jnXam¿§-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂p. VII. 21 jn¬Pn (sIm®p-t{Xky 1968 ) B.Sc., P.G.D.C.A . XpS-ß-\mSv Ipº-fm-߬ Nm≠n-bp-sSbpw ap´w F{ºm-bn¬ Genbm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tPm¿÷v (Ip´mbn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. acnb, AeIvkv, Pbnwkv Ch¿ a°-fm-bp≠v.

VII. 22 sj¬\m (B\okv 1969) apX-e-t°mSw tlmfn-^m-anen tlmkv]n-‰-en¬ \n∂pw P\-d¬ t\gvknwKv ]m€mbn \yqU¬ln-bn¬ k¿°m¿ k¿∆o-kn-embncp∂p. ]ngIv ap≠-bv°¬ amXyp-hn-s‚bpw `c-W-ßm\w ]nW-°m´p Nn∂-Ωbp-sSbpw aI≥ kn_n- hnhmlw sNbvXp. kn_nbpw sj¬\bpw a°fpw- Ct∏mƒ ^vtfmdn-U-bn-em-Wv. DÆn-°p´n (A∂) bpw AΩp-°p´n (t{Xky) bpw BWv a°ƒ.

VI. 23 AK-Ãn≥ (Ip™-®≥ 1934-1990) Cfw-Ip-∂-∏pg C´n-°p-∂Øv ssa°n-fn-t‚bpw Ggn-°c I√-dbv°¬ tdmk-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Icn-¶p∂w 383

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

πmt‚-j-\n¬ Xma-kam°n. lrZ-bm-LmXw aqew AhnsS h®v acn®p. Bdv a°-fp≠v. apX-e-t°mSw ]≈n skan-tØ-cn-bnse IpSpw-_-I-√-dbn¬ kwkvI-cn®p.

VI.23 AK-Ãn≥ (VII)

1 jmen

2 sj√n

3 sslUn

4 •mUn

5 tkmfn

6 PntXjv

VII.24 jmen (sÃ√m) am\-Øq¿ hen-bI - p-t∂¬ aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw Nnd-bn¬ Gen-bpsSbpw aI≥ _m_p (tPm¨) hnhmlw sNbvXp. tXPkv (tPmk^v), Nn∏n (Fen-k-_Øv), AK-Ãn≥ a°-fmWv. _m_p Kƒ^n¬ . jmenbpw a°fpw sXmSp-]pg shß-√q-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p.

VII 25 sj√n (tPm¨ 1962) Ipd-®p-Imew F.A.C.T. bn¬ tPmen sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv Kƒ^n-¬ t]mbn. Imfn-bm¿ H‰-πm-°¬ sk_m-Ãy-t‚bpw am\-Øq¿ aWn-ae tacnbp-tSbpw aIƒ _o\sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. _o\ M.A. CSp°n Pn√m _m¶n-epw, Km‘n bqWn-th-gvkn-‰nbnepw tPmen sNbvXncp∂p. a°ƒ lmcn, an∂n. Ct∏mƒ Ip∂Øv Xma-kw.

VII. 28 tkmfn (t{Xkym) B.A. P\-d¬ t\gvknwKv ]m€mbn Ct∏mƒ Bkvt{S-en-bmbn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. {]hn-Øm-\Øv IS-a-‰-Øn¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aI≥ kn_n-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. kn_n-®\pw Bkvt{S-en-bmbnemWv tPmen. Hcp aI≥ D≠v.

VII. 29 PntXjv (tPm¿÷v 1977) \s√mcp kwKoX kwhn-[m-b-I-\m-Wv. hgn-Øe Ip´n-t»-cn¬ (tX°pw-Im-´n¬) tPmk-^n-t‚bpw Ipcy\mSv s\Sp-ºm-d-]p-dØv adn-b-°p-´n-bp-tSbpw aIƒ IpkpasØ(¢mc) 2001-˛¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. ^vfhd‰v aI-fmWv. F√m-hcpw Hmkvt{Sen-bm-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ ÿnc-Xm-a-kw.

VI. 30 amXyp (aØ-®≥) hmg-°pfw G\m-\√ - q¿ hS-°pw-]m-SØv h¿°n-bp-tSbpw s]cn-ßg hS-t°¬ tdmk-bp-sSbpw aIƒ A∂-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ipftº¬ Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VI. 30 aØ-®≥ (VII) 1 _nPn

2 _nµp

3 cmPn

4 jnPn

5 kn_n≥

VII. 31 _nPn (t{Xkym) M.A. B.Ed. XpS-ß-\mSv hn®m´v amXyp-hn-t‚bpw ]pXp-∏d-ºn¬ tdmk-ΩbpsSbpw aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. sXmSp-]pg Pb-dmWn kvIqfn¬ A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv. aW-°mSv, sXmSp-]pg Xma-kw.

VII. 32 _nµp (eqkn) B.Com., P.G.D.C.A. sj√nbpw IpSpw-_hpw

VII.26 sslUn (Kn¬Um- s\t‰m) M.A. cma-]pcw Nmen¬ amXyp-hn-t‚bpw Nn∂-Ω-bp-tSbpw aI≥ _m_p (Pbnwkv) 1992-˛¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. amXyp aI\pw jmtcm¨ (Fbn©¬ tacn) aIfpw BWv.

s\Sn-bi - me Nnd-bv°¬ tPmk^v˛cma-]pcw Imhm-en¬ Gen-°p´n aI≥ {]n≥kv IeymWw Ign-®p. GI-a-I≥ tPmkp-Ip´n. apX-e-t°mSw Fkv.-F-®v. tKƒkv sslkvIq-fn¬ Iºyq-´¿ A≤ym-]n-I-bm-Wv.

VII. 33 cmPn (tacn)

VII. 27 •mUn (tacn t{Kkv)

IpWn™n, ss]¶pfwIpt∂¬ (ap≠n-bm-\n-°¬) tPmk^v B‚Wn-bp-sSbpw ]pXn-bnSw Gen-bm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ Pntbm 2005 \hw_¿ 7\v hnhmlw Ign-®p. Ccp-hcpw Ipssh-‰n-em-Wv. aI≥ tPmkv.

I´-∏\ amfn-I-bn¬ amXyp-hn-s‚bpw tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ jmPn hnhmlw sNbvXp. h≠n-s∏-cn-bmdn¬ tPmen sNø∂p. Xd-hm-´n¬ Xmakw. B·kv acnb, sle≥ acnb Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

s]cp-ºm-hq¿ amd-º≈n Fw.-C.-Fk - v. tImtfPn¬ A≤ym-]n-Ib - mbn tPmen sNøp-∂p.

384

385

VII. 34 jnPn (Fen-k-_Øv) M.Sc.

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII. 35 kn_n≥ (tPm¨) B.Com.

V. 39 amXyp (1903-˛2000)

Smen ]m€mb tijw Ct∏mƒ tKmZvsc-Pns‚ _mw•q¿ imJ-bn¬ A°u-≠‚m-Wv.

ss]en-bpsS aI≥ amXyp h≠-a‰w sagp-I\ - m¬ Hutk-^n-t‚bpw Icn-a-Æq¿ h´-°m-hn¬ adn-b-Ønt‚bpw aIƒ A∂-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ipftº¬ (Itcm´v) Xma-k-ambn. Ch¿°v c≠v B¨a°fpw Bdv s]¨a-°-fp-ap≠v.

VI. 36 F’n (GeΩ) {^m≥kn¬ Ãm^v t\gvkmbn tPmen sNbvXn-cp∂p. Ip∂w-Ipfw a‰w I - c - b - n¬ Xe-t°m-´q¿ ho´n¬ Hutk-∏ns‚ aI≥ Cu\mip hnhmlw sNbvXp. t_mws_-bn¬ tImtf-P-≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Cu\mip ]mcokn¬ kvIqƒ amt\-P-cmbn Ct∏mƒ tPmen t\m°p∂p. GI aIƒ a√nI. AhnsS \nba hnZym¿∞n-\n-bmWv. 2002 am¿®v amkw 9-mw XobXn s]s´-∂p≠mb lrZ-bm-Lm-XsØ XpS¿∂v F’n ]mco-kn¬ Znhw-K-Xbmbn.

VI. 37 en√n (1944) hcm-∏pg ]pfn-°¬ Hutk-∏n-t‚bpw Ipº-f-ßn aT-Øn-∏-d-ºn¬ PqUn-t‚bpw aI≥ tPm¨ (X¶-®≥) 1970¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v IncWpw AcpWpw a°-fmWv. VI. 38 tPm¿÷v (1947) ]mZp-hm-]pcw NtIyØv ho´n¬ ]utem-kn-t‚bpw adn-b-°p-´n-bptSbpw aIƒ F’nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ ]me-°mSv Pn√-bn¬ ae-ºp-g-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. Intjmdpw {]hoWpw a°-fmWv. Intjm¿ tlm´¬ amt\-Pvsa‚p ]m€mbn. {]ho¨ B.Sc. Iw]yq-´¿ ]m€mbn Ct∏mƒ Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv HCL Iº-\n-bn¬ tPmenbmWv. tPm¿÷v Hcp XpWn s\bvØv Iº\n \S-Øn-bn-cp∂p. Intjm¿ t]mØm-\n-°mSv sXt°-∏d- º - n¬ amXyp ˛ tacn aIƒ en‚sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p.

V. 39 amXyp (VI)

1

2

GeΩ tacn-°p´n

3

4

tPm¿÷v A®mΩ

5

6

Nn∂Ω

tPmk^v

7

8

knknen kqkn

VI. 40 GeΩ Xgp-h≥Ip∂p If-∏p-cb - v°¬ sXmΩ-t‚bpw h≠-a‰w Nme-bv°¬ adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aI≥ Ip™u-tk^v (tPmk^v) hnhmlw sNbvXp. sXmΩ-®≥, Ip™p-am-Wn, tacn, tPm¿÷v, t{Kkn, A®mΩ, aØ-®≥, kqkn Ch¿ a°-fmWv. hm¿≤-Iy-k-l-P-amb Akp-JsØ XpS¿∂v Ip™u-tk∏v 2001¬ \ncym-X-\mbn.

VI. 41 tacn-°p´n (kn. tacn- kn¬hnb) 1945 sabv amkw ]pØ≥Nnd tlmfn-^m-anen tIm¨sh‚n¬ tN¿∂v 1947-¬ hrX-hm-KvZm-\hpw 1951¬ \nXy-]ds™m∏pw \S∂p. Ahn-SpsØ kvIqfn¬ 35 h¿jsØ tkh-\-Øn-\p-tijw 1985¬ tPmen-bn¬ \n∂p hnc-an®p. Xriq¿ Ac-Wm-´p-Ic C≥^‚ v Pokkv tIm¨sh‚n¬ hn{ia PohnXw \bn-®p-hc - th 2007¬ kz¿§-{]m-]vX-bm-bn.

VI. 42 ]m∏-®≥ (tUm. tPm¿÷v sNºcØn Ph.D, D.Lit. S.T.D (1928)

tPm¿÷pw IpSpw-_hpw 386

sXmSp-]pg Kh. kvIqfn¬ \n∂p sa{Sn-°p-te-j≥ ]co£ ]mkmbn, 1945-¬ Cutimk`-bn¬ tN¿∂p. awK-em-]p-csØ sk. Atem-jykv tImtf- P nse D∂- X - h n- Z ym- ` ym- k - Ø n\p tijw a{Zmkv etbmfm tImsfPn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn. 1958˛¬ Cutim-k-`-bn¬ \n∂pw hnc-an®p. Xma-kn-bmsX hntZ-it- Ø-°p-t]mb At±lw, Hmkv{Sn-bb - nse {]kn≤-amb hnb-∂m -bp-Wn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂v ^ntem-kn-bn¬ Ph.D. FSpØp. 1963-¬ bpSvsd‰v bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ s{]m^-kdpw Kth-j387

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

I- hn-Zym¿∞n-I-fpsS ssKUpw Bbn tN¿∂p. AhnsS A≤ym-]I - \ - m-bn-cns° Xs∂, hnb∂m bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnepw XpS¿∂v P¿Ω-\n-bnse aq¨Ã¿ k¿∆I-em-im-e-bnepw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-T\w XpS¿∂p. A°m- e Øv Ct∏m- g sØ am¿∏m∏ tPmk^v dm‰vknw- K ¿, ImƒdmW¿, hmƒ´¿ Imkv]¿ XpS-ßnb temI-{]-ikvX ssZh-imkv{X ]fin-X∑m-cp-sS injy-\m-bn-cn-°p-hm≥ `mKy-ap≠mbn. 1973-¬ Im\-U-bnse t{_m°v k¿∆-Ie - m-im-eb - n¬ hnkn-‰nwKv s{]m^k- d mbn. s‰msd- t ‚m- b nse dnPokv tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂pw Db¿∂ dmt¶msS M.Th. _ncpZw FSpØp. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ {]Ya C¥y≥ ItØm-en°m A¬am-b≥ Bbn-cp∂p Ct±lw. XpS¿∂v ImØ-en°v bqWn-th-gvkn-‰nbn¬ tN¿∂p. bq{Sn®v k¿∆-Ie - m-im-eb - nse Kth-jW - {- ]-h¿Ø-\ß - fpw, ]pkvXI-ß-fpsS {]Im-i-\hpw aqew At±-l-Øn\p D. Lit. \¬I-s∏´p. XpS¿∂v tlmf-≠nse cm⁄n Ct±-lsØ 375 h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ B bqWn-thgvkn-‰n-bpsS Xntbm-fPn hn`m-KØ - ns‚ Xe-h\ - mbn \nb-an®p. Cu ÿm\w hln-°p∂ BZysØ Gjy-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p Ct±-lw. Ata-cn°, Im\U, bqtdm∏v, Bkvt{X-enb, P∏m≥, Ct¥m-t\jy apX-emb cmPyß-fn¬ ]T-\-]-cy-S-\-߃ \S-Øn-bn-´p≠v. {^©v, P¿Ω≥ XpSßn Ggn¬∏cw hntZ-i-`m-j-Ifpw, \mev C¥y≥ `mj-Ifpw Adnbmw. 1993¬ Gan-dn-‰kv s{]m^-k-dm-bn-cnt° hnc-an®p. C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ XntbmfPn, AtXm-dn‰n Hm^v thZ, tKmUv & k^-dnwKv XpSßn At\Iw ]pkvXI-߃ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ {]`m-j-W-߃ \S-Ønbpw, ]pkvX-I-߃ hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXpw, teJ-\-߃ Fgp-Xnbpw, tlmf-≠n-ep≈ kz¥w ho´n¬ Ignbp∂p. F√m h¿jhpw apX-e-t°m-SsØ ho´n¬ At±lw hcm-dp≠v.

VI. 44 Nn∂Ω (kn. sFdn≥ 1934) sslkv°qƒ hnZym-`ym-kØ - n-\p-jt- ijw 1956-¬ _mw•q-cn-ep-≈ en‰n¬ kntÃgvkv Hm^v Zn ]qh¿ F∂ aT- Ø n¬ tN¿Øp. ]d- s ™m∏v 1961-epw \nXy- ] - d s™m∏v 1965-epw \S∂p. Ct∏mƒ sk°-¥-cm-_m-Zn¬ L.S.P. Home for the Aged -¬ tkh\w A\p-jvTn-°p∂p.

VI. 45 knknen (kn. {^m≥knkv tacn ˛ 1938) sslkv°qƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw en‰n¬ kntÃgvkv Hm^v Zn ]qh¿ F∂ aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂p. Sr.{^m≥knkv tacn 1964¬ ]d-s™m∏pw 1968-¬ \nXy]-ds - ™m∏pw \SØn. Ct∏mƒ B{‘m-{]-tZiv Kp≠q¿ F∂ ÿeØv tkh\w sNøp∂p.

VI. 46 kn. kqkn (1941) sslkv°qƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw 1968 ¬ {_nPn-‰-bn≥ tIm¨sh‚n¬ tN¿∂p. 2.2.70 ¬ ]ds™m∏pw 4.5.1975-¬ \nXy-]-d-s™m∏pw \SØn. If-at»cn {_nPn-‰-bn≥ tIm¨h‚n¬ Ct∏mƒ {]h¿Øn°p∂p.

VI. 47 tPmk^v (Hutk-∏-®≥) B.A.

VI. 43 A®mΩ (kn. _nbm-{Sokv 1931) ]pØ≥Nnd tlmfn-^m-anen sslkv°q-fn¬ kvIqƒ hnZym-`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm°n. 1953 Pq¨ 3˛-mw XobXn {_oPn-‰-bn≥ tIm¨h‚n¬ tN¿∂v 3.2.1955¬ ]d-s™m∏pw 3.2.1958- ¬ \nXy-]d- s - ™m∏pw \SØn. Ct∏mƒ tImgn-t°mSv tacn-°p-∂n¬ {_nPn-‰-bn≥ tIm¨sh‚n¬ Ign-bp-∂p. 388

~Hutk-∏-®\pw I pSpw-_hpw 389

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sslkv°qƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw Fd-Wm-Ipfw tXhc tImtf-Pnepw Xr»n-\m-∏n≈n sk‚ v. tPmk^vkv tImtf-Pnepw ]Tn®p. Xr»q¿ anj≥ Izm¿t´gvkv ]√≥ ho´n¬ Ipcy-t‚bpw ]pfn-°¬ tdmkn-bp-tSbpw aIƒ P€nsb 1966-¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠v B¨ a°-fp≠v.

VI. 47 tPmk^v (VII) 1 hn≥kn

2 hn\oXv

VII. 48 hn≥kn sP. sNºcØn B.Tech., M.B.A. Ata-cn-°b - n¬ MBA ]m€mbn, Ct∏mƒ Im°-\m´v kz¥-ambn IRIS F∂ Hcp tkm^v‰v-sh-b¿ Iº\n \S-Øp-∂p. ]mem- Im-™n-c-a‰w Bebv°¬ tPmkn-t‚bpw Nnd-°-Shv H‰-πm-°¬ X¶-Ω-bp-tSbpw aIƒ do\sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A\p-]a, Aaqey a°-fmWv. Xmakw FdWm-Ipfw.

VII.49 hn\oXv sP. sNºcØn B.E., M.B.A. Atacn°bnse sh¿Po\nbbn¬\n∂v emdn entbm¨ ˛ Pqenbm Fsse≥ ZºXnIfpsS aIƒ {InÃo\ PmIvksW (M.A., B.S.) hnhmlw sNbvXp. hn\oXv sFdokv Iw]yq-´¿ Iº-\nbpsS amt\PnwKv ]m¿SvWm dmbn Atacn°bnemWv.

V.50 A{_mlw (Br.G{_lmw) ss]en- b psS Cf- b - a - I ≥ A{_mlw hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw Fd-Wm-Ipfw cq]-Xbn¬ sshZoI hnZym¿∞n- b mbn. ]n∂oSv tImtf-Pn¬ tN¿∂v B.A ]m€mbn. ho≠pw sshZoI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\mbn awK-em-]pcw sk‚ v tPmk^vkv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ tN¿∂p. Xncp-∏´ kzoI-c-W-Øn\v Xøm-dmbn sIm≠n-cn°p-tºmƒ ssSt^m-bnUv ]nSn-s]´v, 1947 am¿®v amkw 8-mw XobXn \nXy-kΩ - m-\Ø - n-\mbn hnfn°-s∏´p. sk‚ v tPmk^v tlmkv]n-‰¬ Nm∏en¬ kwkvI-cn®p F∂mWv Adnbp∂Xv. kvamcIinebpap≠s{X. 390

10 C.

sXt°¬

]pXn- b n- S - Ø p- I p- t ∂¬ imJm]nXm- h mb BK- k v X n- b psS aq∂masØ ]p{X-≥ sXmΩ≥ Xd-hm-Sn\p sX°p-`m-K-Ømbn Hcp hoSv h®v Xma-k-ambn. X≥aqew sXt°¬ F∂v imJm\maw h∂p-tN¿∂p. sXmΩ≥ IqØm-´p-Ipfw Im°q¿ Xrt°-°p-t∂¬ A∂sb BWv hnhmlw sNbvXn-cp-∂Xv. c≠v B¨ a°ƒ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p k¥m\߃.

IV.1 sXmΩ≥ (V) 1 Hutk^v

2 amXyp

V. 2 Hutk^v aqØ-aI - ≥ sXmSp-]pg Acn-°pg Nqcm-∏pg ho´n¬ \n∂pw Gensb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v \mep a°-fm-bn-cp∂p. Hutk^v 1974 G{]n¬ amk-Ønepw Gen 1997 Pq¨ amk-Ønepw ac-W-a-S™p. apX-e-t°mSw t^mtdm-\m-∏≈n knan-tØ-cn-bnse IpSpw-_-I-√-d-bn¬ A¥y-hn-{iaw sIm≈p∂p.

V.2 Hutk^v (VI) 1 tXmakv

2 hdp-Kokv

3 BKkvXn

4 A∂-°p´n

VI. 3 tXmakv (sXmΩ-®≥) cma-]pcw I®n-da - ‰w IpSpw-_Ø - nse Ipcp-hn-fb - p-sSbpw, Icn-¶p∂w H‰-√q¿ ss]ºn-≈n¬ adn-b-Øn-s‚bpw aIƒ adn-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. 1948 ¬ \ncym-X-bmb adn-bm-Ωsb cma-]pcw Ihe D≈-am-°¬ ]≈n-bn¬ kwkvI-cn®p. tXmakv 86-masØ hb-€n¬ 2002-am≠v acW-a-S™p. apX-e-t°mSw ]≈n knan-tØ-cn-bn¬ AS°n. Ch¿°v c≠v s]¨a-°ƒ am{X-am-Wp-≈Xv. 391

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI. 6 h°-®≥ (VII) 1 sIm®p-t{Xky

2 tdmknen

3 ]ufn\m

4 tPmk^v

VII. 7 sIm®p-t{Xky (h’Ω) Ieq¿I-c-bn¬ ]pXn-tb-SØv tPmk-^n-t‚bpw, ]co-°Æn ]menbØv A∂-bp-sSbpw aI≥ sPbnwkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. sXmΩ®\pw a°fpw acp-a-°fpw

VI. 3 tXmakv (VII) 1 Gen-bmΩ

2 tacn

VII. 4 Gen-bmΩ apX-e-t°mSw sNº-cØn If-∏p-c-bn¬ amXyp \odw-]pg adn-b-w aI≥ amXyp (aØ-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. `mcym-]n-Xm-hmb sXt°¬ sXmΩ-®-t\m-sSm∏w aØ-®≥ Xma-k-am-°n. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v euen, X¶-®≥, s‰kn, s_‰n, sken≥ F∂n-ßs\ A©p a°-fmWv.

VII. 5 tacn Ce-™n-I-c-bn¬ ]p©m-°p-t∂¬ aØm-bn-bp-tSbpw A∂-bpsSbpw aI≥ B‚Wn (t__n-®≥) bmWv tacnsb hnhmlw Ign-®Xv. Ch¿°v Zo], Zo\, kp`mjv, tXmakv a°-fmWv.

VI. 6 hdp-Kokv (h°-®≥) Ieq¿ ]pXn-bm-Ip-t∂¬ ]utem-kn-t‚bpw sXt°¬ h´-°p-t∂¬ tdmk-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Gen-°p-´n-bmWv `mcy. apX-et°mSw sk‚ v tPm¿÷v kvIqfn¬ A≤ym-]I - \ - mbpw, apX-e-t°mSw k¿∆okv kl-I-cW _m¶ns‚ {]knU‚ v, HmW-ddn sk{I-´-dn F∂o \ne-I-fnepw Zo¿LImew {]h¿Øn®p. s]mXp-Imcy {]k-‡-\mbncp∂p. sNº-cØn IpSpw_ Ncn-{X-I-Ω-‰n-bnse kPo-hmw-Kambncp∂p. aq∂p s]¨a-°fpw GI-aI - \ - p-am-Wp-≈Xv. 2006 ¬ \ncym-X-\m-bn. 392

VII.8 tdmknen hmg-°pfw Imcym-a-T-Øn¬ amXyp-hn-s‚bpw Ggp-ap´w ]≈n-°pt∂¬ t{Xkym-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ CΩm-\p-th¬ amXyp hnhmlw Ign®p. tdmknen sslkv°q-fnepw CΩm-\p-th¬ s^U-d¬ _m¶nepw tPmenbmWv. tdm_n\pw, dnbbpw a°-ƒ.

VII.9 ]ufn hmg-°pfw \ºym-]-d-ºn¬ hdp-Ko-kn-s‚bpw Imfn-bm¿ Ip©-e°m´v tam\n-°-bp-sSbpw aI≥ amXyp (aØ-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Pntbm-Pn≥, Po\ a°ƒ

VII.10 tPmk^v (tPmkv) {]hn-Øm\w sk.AK-Ãn≥kv ]≈n CS-hI Nqc-t\m-en-°¬ tPm¨ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw, hmI-°m´v Np¶-∏pc Ipam-cn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ _nµp-hns\ hnhmlw Ign®v Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. GI aI-\mWv hdp-Kokv.

VI.11 BKkvXn (Ip™q™v) Hu-tk-∏ns‚ aq∂m-asØ aI≥ Ie-b¥ - m\n tImSn-a‰- Ø - n¬ BKkvXn-bp-sSbpw Ce™n tNe-bv°-am-°¬ A∂-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Gen°p-´nsb (Ip™n-s∏Æv) IeymWw Ign®p. a°ƒ F´p-t]-cmWv.

VI.11 BKkvXn

(VII) 1 2 X¶Ω A∂mΩ

3 tacn

4 tPmk^v

5 sPkn 393

6 tXmakv

7 amXyp

8 tdmkΩ

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.12 X¶Ω hS-hp-tImSv Ic-bn¬ aqgn-°p-t∂¬ (s\Sp-¶-t√¬) tPmk-^ns‚ aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm_n, tPmPn, PnXn≥ aq∂v B¨a°ƒ.

tNcm-\-√q¿ hnX-b-Øn¬ tem\-∏-s‚bpw, hmg-°pfw sIm®p-Ip-Snbn¬ (\ºym-]-d-ºn¬) adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aIƒ A∂-°p´n (Ip´Ω) bmbncp∂p `mcy. 12 a°-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p.

VII.13 A∂mΩ tImX-aw-Kew Ip∂p-Ipgn s\Sp-ºp-dØp tXma-kns‚ aI≥ Nmt°m®≥ hnhmlw Ign®p. _m_phpw AcpWpw a°-fmWv.

VII.14 tacn tImX-aw-Kew I¿Ω-eoØm aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂v kn.tacn. BK-Ãn≥ F∂ t]cv kzoI-cn®v k\ymk PohnXw \bn-°p∂p.

VII.15 tPmk^v (tdmbn-®≥) amXyphpw A∂-°p-´nbpw

ico-c-kp-J-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ ho´n¬ ]nXm-hn-s\m∏w Ign-bp∂p.

V.20 amXyp (VI)

VII.16 sP€n aqhm-‰p-]pg ao¶p∂w Ing-°≥ ]pXp∏≈n¬ Ipcy≥˛tacn Zº-XnI-fpsS aI≥ kmPp hnhmlw sNbvXp. tacnbpw Ipcy-\p-amWp a°ƒ.

VII.17 tXmakv sImSp-then CS-hI Xq¶pgn tPmkn-t‚bpw, sImgp-h-\m¬ aWnb-ßm´v B\n-b-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ _o\sb hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VII.18 amXyp (_nPp) VII.19 tdmkΩ (a©p)

1 tXmakv 7 t{Kkn

2 en√n 8 tPm¿÷v

3 tPm¨ 9 kvIdnb

4 AK-Ãn≥ 10 tagvkn

5 tPmkv 11 enkn

6 amXyp 12 am\p-h¬

VI.21 tXmakv amXyp (sXmΩ-®≥ 1922-1983 B.A., B.L)

ImeSn amWn-Iy-aw-Kew sk. tdm°okv ]≈n CS-hI tIme-t©cn¬ sNdnbm˛t{Xky aI≥ sdPn hnhmlw sNbvXp.

hmg-°pfw \ºym-]d- º - n-emb ]≈Øv amXyp-hn-t‚bpw, hmg-°pfw Imc-Ip-t∂¬ adn-b-Øn-s‚bpw aIƒ sP¿{Xq-Zns\ (F¬kn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂p a°ƒ

VI.21 tXmakv

V.20 amXyp (AUz. ‰n.amXyp sNº-cØn B.A., B.L.) sXt°¬ sXmΩs‚ c≠m-asØ aI≥ amXyp {]i-kvX-amb \nebn¬ h°o¬ ]co£ ]mkm-b-tijw -Ip-dp∏paTw h¿°n h°o-ens‚ Iogn¬ k∂Zv FSpØp. Cu {]tZ-isØ {]Ya B.A. B.L, Imc-\m-bn-cp∂p. 1942 apX¬ 1952 hsc sXmSp-]pg hnt√Pv bqWn-b≥ {]kn-U‚mbn. sXmSp]pg tIm Hm∏-td-‰ohv _m¶v (A¿_≥_m¶v), apX-e-t°mSw k¿∆okv _m¶v F∂n-hb - psS {]kn-U‚mbpw, Pb-lnµv _m¶ns‚ amt\-PnwKv Ubd-IvS-dmbpw {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂p. \qdm-asØ hb-€n¬ 2002-¬ At±lw \ncym-X-\mbn. 394

(VII) 1

2

3

tacn

acn-b-Zmkv

tPmk^v

VII.22 tacn tImSn-°pfw Ic-bn¬ I≈n-°m´p aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw Imin-th-en¬ Gen-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tXmakv hnhmlw sNbvXp. aI≥ \n¿Ω¬. 395

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VII.23 acn-b-Zmkv

VI.29 amXyp (amØ-®≥ M.S.)

a™{] ]p√m-S≥ ]utem-kn-t‚bpw Idp-Ip‰n Abn-cp-°m-c≥ tacnbp-sSbpw aIƒ cmPnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A≤ym-]-I-\mWv.

Icn-¶p∂w H‰-√q¿ Ic-bn¬ ssaem-Sq¿ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw, sXt°°≠w Gen-°p-´n-bp-tSbpw aIƒ A®m-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Im\-U-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. PbvkWpw, enkbpw a°-fm-Wv.

VII.24 tPmk^v s\Sn-b-ImSv Nn‰-Sn-®m-en¬ hdp-Ko-kn-s‚bpw Ip∂-tØmSv tacn-bpsSbpw aIƒ ssj\nsb 1994-¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmjv\ (B≥acnb) tXmakv a°-fmWv.

VI.25 en√n Ipa-cIw Bepw-]-d-ºn¬ (I´-°bw) G{_lmw A∂ aI≥ tUm. Pbnwkv (A∏®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]me-°m´v Nn‰q-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. Dj, tUm. {]n≥kv, jo_, tUm. PqtWm a°-fmWv.

VI.26 tPm¨ (tem\-®≥) Ahn-hm-ln-X-\m-bn-cns° 1970- ¬ ac-W-a-S™p. amØ-®\pw IpSpw-_hpw

VI.27 AK-Ãn≥ (Ip™-®≥) sNº- c - Ø n- ° ¬ If- ∏ p- c - b n¬ Ce- ™ n- ° p- g n- b n¬ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ ]me-°mSv Pn√ hS-I-c-∏Xn hnt√-Pn¬ Xmakn-°p∂p. a°-ƒ Bdv.

VI.27 AK-Ãn≥ (VII) 1 2 B\okv sIm®p-dmWn

3 sa¿en

4 taml≥

5 ]pjv]

6 teJ

VI.30 t{Kkn tImgn-t°mSv Pn√-bn¬ ]p∂-°¬ Ip∂-∏n-≈n¬ tZh-kym-bp-sSbpw Xpd-bv°¬ t{Xkym-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ sI.-Un.amXyp hnhmlw Ign®p. Ata-cn-°b - nse ^n\n-Ivkn¬ Bbn-cp∂p Xma-kw. tUm. sNÿ, Sm\nb, kPn Ch¿ a°ƒ. amXyp ac-W-a-S™p.

VI.31 s{]m^. kn.Fw. tPm¿÷v (tPm¿÷p-Ip´n) M.Sc.

VI.28 tPmkv (lhn¬Zm¿ kn.Fw. tPmk^v 1938-2000) ]me-°mSv Be-Øq¿ taem¿t°mSv Ip‰n-°m´v {^m≥kn-s‚bpw, ]Xn-bm≥ tdmk-bp-sSbpw aIƒ hnIvtSm-dn-bsb hnhmlw Ign®p. hnIvtSm-dnb A≤ym-]n- I-bm-bn-cp∂p. {]kmZv B.F.Sc, {]k∂ M.A., {]hoW M.A. BEd a°-fmWv.

VI.28 tPmkv (VII) 1 {]kmZv

2 {]k∂ 396

3 {]hoW

tPm¿÷pIp´nbpw IpSpw-_hpw 397

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

Xncp-hm-ºmSn CS-hI ]g-bh - o-´n¬ aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw, a™m-Sn-°¬ I{Xo-\-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Aº-e-h-b-en¬ Xmakn-®ncp∂p. Im¿jnI k¿∆-Ie - m-im-eb - n¬ s{]m^-kd- m-bn-cp∂p. A\ne tPm¿÷v M.Sc, ‰m\nb Ch¿ a°ƒ. 2006¬ tPm¿Pv acWw {]m]n®p.

VI.32 kn.-Fw. k°-dn-bmkv (kv°dn-bm-®≥) B.Sc., B.Ed.

VI.35 am\p-h¬ amXyp (aWn) B.Com. CΩ´n Hutk-^n-t‚bpw, Ip‰n-°m-S≥ sIm®p-t{X-ky-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tdmkn-ensb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tÉv _m¶v Hm^v C¥y˛I¬∏-‰-bn¬ tPmen sNbvXncp∂p.. hn\oXpw hnimepw a°-fmWv. Ct∏mƒ bp.Fkv.F.bn¬ BWv.

kvIdn-bm-®\pw IpSpw-_hpw kp¬Øm≥ s_tØcn Ip‰n-°m-S≥ tPm¿÷n-s‚bpw Be-∏mS≥ A∂-bp-sSbpw aIƒ ^ntem-an\ M.A. B.Ed. BWv `mcy. ^ntem-an\ A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv. kv°dn-bmkv slUvam-Ã-dmbn s]≥j≥ ]‰n. a°ƒ A∂ M.B.A. bpw aI≥ amXyp F©n-\o-b-dp-amWv.

VI.33 ^ntem-an\ (tagvkn) B.Sc., B.Ed. ]me-°mSv taem¿tImSv Ip‰n-°m-S≥ {^m≥ko-kn-t‚bpw, ]Xn-bm≥ tdmk-bp-sSbpw aI≥ temd≥kv hnhmlw Ign®p. {^m≥kv, {]Xo]v, {]Xm]v a°ƒ.

VI.34 Feok (enkn) M.S.W., DPSW. Imk¿tImSv hte-dn-b≥ Unkq-k-bp-tSbpw, knkn-enb ]nt‚mbp-sSbpw aI≥ tPm hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm (¢o‰kv tPm¨ Unkqk) I.A.S BWv Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Hmam-l-bn¬ s{]m^-k-dmbn tPmensN-øp∂p. B\nbpw amXyphpw a°ƒ. 398

399

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VII.5 A∂ (A®mΩ)

10 D. aTIpt∂¬ aT-Ip-t∂¬ Xma-k-amb \mem-asØ aI≥ BK-kvXn-bpsS BZyhn-hmlw Gg-√q¿ Xøn¬ tdmksb Bbn-cp∂p. Cu hnhm-l-Øn¬ BKkvXn, Nmt°m, hdp-Kokv F∂n-h¿ a°-fmbncp∂p. c≠mw h - n-hmlw Gg-√q¿ Nnd-ta¬ HuX aIƒ A∂-Ωsb. tPmk^v, K¿∆m-kokv, sXmΩ®≥, amWn F∂n-h¿ k¥m-\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p. hS-°pw-Iq-dns‚ {]Xm-]Im-eØv aT-Øn¬ \mb¿ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ ÿe-am-bn-cp-∂s{X aT-Ip-∂v.

IV.1 BKkvXn (V)

A©ncn Nnßw-tXm-´-Øn¬ amWn aI≥ tXmakv hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VII.6 eqkn No\n-°pgn h´-°p-t∂¬ tPmk^v tXmakv hnhmlw sNbvXp. sadn≥ tPmk^v aI-fmWv.

VII.7 amXyp amdnI I≠-Øn-∏-d-ºn¬ kÆn aIƒ sd\nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. s_©-an\pw amXyphpw a°-fmWv.

VII 8 tagvkn

1 2 3 4 5 6 BKkvXn Nmt°m Ip™phdp-Kokv tPmk^v K¿∆m-knkv sXmΩ-®≥

7 amWn

amdm-Sn-bn¬ h≠-\mw-Ic De-l-∂m≥ aI≥ tPm¨ IeymWw Ign®p. kpan aI-fmWv.

V.2 BKkvXn (acWw 1977)

VI. 9 tdmk

Bc-°pg taa-Sßv CS-Ø-t´¬ A∂-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©p a°-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p.

apX-e-t°mSw tIf-IØv De-l-∂m-s‚bw s\ø-t»cn ]Sn-™m-dbn¬ tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ sI.bp. Nmt°m hnhmlw sNbvXp. tacn, A∂ (Nn∂) tPm¨, sP€n, AK-Ãy≥ (t__n), s_‰n, _o\ Ch¿ a°fmWv.

V.2 BKkvXn (VI) 1 BKkvXn

2 tdmk

3 Ah-cm-®≥

4 tPm¿÷v

5 tacn

VI.3 BKkvXn (Ip™v) DSp-º-∂q¿ ]cn-bm-cØp Xmakw. h≠-a‰w aßm´v aØmbn˛Gen aIƒ adn-b-°p-´nsb I√ymWw Ign-®p. a°ƒ A©p t]cm-Wv.

VI.10 Ah-cm-®≥ A©mw Xe-ap-db - nse BK-kvXn-bpsS aI≥ apX-et- °m-SØp \n∂v t]mbn ae-∏pdw Pn√-bn¬ Icp-hm-c°p≠v ]pt∂-°m´v Xma-kn-°p-∂p. sXmSp-]p-g ]-Sn-bm-\n-°¬ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw ]pfn-b∑m-°¬ A∂-bpsSbpw aIƒ Nn∂sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. \mev a°-fmWv.

VI.3 BKkvXn (VII) 1 BKkvXn

2 A∂

4 eqkn

VI.10 Ah-cm-®≥ (VII) 4 amXyp

5 tagvkn

1 t{Kkn

2 tPmkv

3 amXyp

4 BKkvXn

VII.4 BKkvXn (t__n)

VII. 11 t{Kkn (A-Ωn-Wn)

Icn-a-Æq¿ ]≈n-bv°m-apdn Ad-bv°-aym-en¬ amWn-bpsS aIƒ ImX-ssds\ hnhmlw sNbvXp.

ae-∏pdw Pn√ tNm°mSv, sNdp-]d- º - n¬ amXyp-hn-s‚bpw sXmSp-]pg A©ncn B°-∏S- n-°¬ A∂-Ωb - p-sSbpw aI≥ tPmkv amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp.

400

401

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI . 12 tPm¿÷v sXmSp-]pg Ggp-ap´w ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ Ipcy-t‚bpw Ingp°m-c-°m´v t{Xky-bpsSbpw aIƒ Gen-izsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Icp-hm-c° - p-≠n\v kao]w Xcniv F∂ ÿeØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. BKkvXn (ssjP≥), \nj, B\n, kndn-b°v (cmtPjv) F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

hnhmlw sNbvXp. 1961 apX¬ 1983 hsc \mKm-em‚ v saUn-°¬ k¿∆okn¬ Bbn-cp∂p. Ct∏mƒ tPmen-bn¬ \n∂pw hnc-an®v apX-e-t°mSw sNdp-tXm-´pw-I-c-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p.

VI. 13 tacn V.14 Nmt°m (sFkn) BK-kvXn-bpsS aI≥ Nmt°m apX-e-t°mSw tIf-IØv (Itcm´v) De-l-∂m-s‚bpw s\ø-t»cn ]Sn-™m-td¬ adn-b-Øn-s‚bpw aIƒ tdmksb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Nmt°mbpw `mcybpw kzmX{¥y ka-ctk-\m-\n-I-fm-bn-cp∂p. Bdv a°-fmWv. Ip™p-Ip-´nbpw IpSpw-_hpw

VI.15 BKkvXn (VII) 1 Pbnwkv

2 ssa°nƒ

3 {]nb

VI.15A sPbnwkv (kptcjv) sFknbpw tdmkbpw

V.14 Nmt°m (VI) 1 BKkvXn

2 tPm¨

3 tXmakv

4 tdmknen

5 tP°_v

6 tPmk^v

VI.15 BKkvXn (Ip™p-Ip´n˛1928) {]hn-Øm\w D≈-\m´v (s]cp-a\) sF°-c-Ip-t∂¬ ]n.kn. ssa°nfn-t‚bw `c-W-ßm\w ]nW-°m´v A∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ A°-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. 2006 G{]n¬ amk-Øn¬ A°Ω ac-W-a-S-™p. Pbnwkv (kptcjv), ssa°nƒ (Pnt‚m) tacn ({]nb), do\ ({]oXn) Ch¿ a°-fmWv. {]nbbpw {]oXnbpw Cc-´I - p´nI-fmWv. Ip™p-Ip-´n-bpsS Cfb aIƒ {]oXnsb sh≈n-bm-a‰w Nne-ºn-°-t∂¬ tPm¿Pv (s_-∂n) 402

kptcjpw IpSpw-_hpw

403

4 {]oXn

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.15 B ssa°nƒ (PntPm)

VI.18 tdmknen B.Sc. aÆpØn tIcf A{Kn-Iƒ®d¬ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ Hm^o-kd- mbn tPmen t\m°n k¿∆o-kn¬ \n∂pw hnc-an®p. 2005-¬ ac-W-a-S™p.

VI 19 tP°_v 1984 P\p-h-cn -amkw ac-W-a-S-™p.

VI 20 tPmkv tImX-aw-Kew aqtØ-SØv Im®-∏≈ - n-bn¬ At¥mWn -adnbw ZºXn-I-fpsS aIƒ Pm≥knsb (I{Xo-\mΩ) hnhmlw sNbvXp. PmIvk¨ (Pbnwkv) tdmk, PmIz-en≥ a°ƒ. PntPmbpw IpSpw-_hpw

VI.16 tPm¨ (1936) aqhm-‰p-]pg ]pXp-∏mSn πm]-d-ºn¬ tZhkym aÆm-Øn-ap-f-bn¬ A∂ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ sIm®p-t{X-kymsb (en‰n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. Pm≥kn (tdmk), sk_m- Ã y≥ (kPn), tagv k n (Ip™Ω), tacn ({]n≥kn), t{XkymΩ (en≥kn), am¿´n≥ F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv. sIm®pt{Xkym So®-dmbn tPmen-t\m°n dn´-b¿ sNbvXp. aqØ-a-Iƒ Pm≥kn akv°-‰n¬ B.Sc. t\gvkmWv. tPm¨ tImgn-t°m´v saUn-°¬ tÃm¿ \SØn-bn-cp∂p. \ncymX\mbn.

V.21 Ip™p-h-dp-Kokv B\n-a-Æn¬ (1910-1956) \memw Xe-ap-d-bnse BK-kvXn-bpsS XrXob ]p{X≥ hdp-Kokv DZbwt]cq¿ Bbn-cw-tI-dn¬ A∂sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Xd-hm-Smb B\naÆn¬ Xma-kn®p. Hº-Xp-a-°-fm-bn-cp∂p. CXn¬ aqØ-a-I≥ BKkvXn, aIƒ tacn, tPm¿÷v Ch¿ acn-®p-t]mbn.

V.21 hdp-Kokv (VI) 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

VI.17 tXmakv

BKkvXn t{Xkym tdmkΩ amXyp Gen-°p´n ]utemkv tPm¿÷v tacn ^ntem-an\

sXmSp-]pg Hf-a‰w \ne-ºq¿ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw X´m¿Ip-t∂¬ A∂Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Gen-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Hf-a-‰Øv Xma-kn°p∂p. tPmjn (tPmk^v), Pqen (adnbw), PÃn≥ Ch¿ a°-fmWv. tPmjnbpw Pqenbpw hnhm-ln-X-cmWv.

VI.22 t{Xkym˛(1933) sXmSp-]pg sX\w-Ip∂v Be-bv°m-XS- Ø - n¬ (]Sn-∏p-cb - v°¬) anJmtb¬ Gen Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ anJm-tb¬ (an\n-bm-®≥) 1951 ¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ s\ø-t»-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. Gen, tPm¿÷v, tacn, anJm-tb¬ (t__n), sP€n Ch¿ a°-fmWv. Gen KpP-dm-Ønepw, tacn, sP€n Ch¿ Kƒ^nepw tPmen sNøp∂p.

VI.23 tdmkΩ (1935-2005)

tXmakpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw 404

DSp-º-∂q¿ Du∂-\m¬ De-l-∂m-s‚bpw Ipf-ß-c-ho-´n¬ adn-bmΩ-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tZhkym (Ip™p-Ip´n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. tZhkymbpw tdmk-Ωbpw A≤ym-]-I-cmbn tPmen t\m°n s]≥j≥ ]‰n. tPm¨k¨ (kPn), tPm¿÷v, B≥kn (tacn), A∂ (eo\), tPmkv 405

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv. tPm¨k¨ kuØv C¥y≥ _m¶nepw `mcy hnZym`ymk hIp-∏nepw tPmen sNøp∂p. tdmkΩ ac-W-a-S-™p.

Øsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ apX-e-t°mSw ]f-fn-°p-k-ao]w Cfb-a-Iƒ tUmfn-tbm-sSm∏w Xma-kn-°p∂p.

VI.24 amXyp (aØ-®≥˛1937) Ie-b¥ - m-\n-bn¬ Xma-kn®ncp∂p. tImX-aw-Kew Ipfn-bm´v tXmakv, BSp-Ipgn Genizm Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ B\nsb 1966 ¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. _nµp (A∂ 1970) hdp-Kokv (_nt\mbv˛1972), hn≥kn Ch¿ a°-fmWv. aØ-®≥ acWw {]m]n-®p.

VI.24 amXyp (VII) 1 _nµp

2 h¿Kokv

3 hn≥kn

VII. 25 _nµp (tacn) Nme-°pSn N´n-°pfw Ic-bn¬ s]cn-bm-´n¬ tZh-kym-bpsS aI≥ hn≥k≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VII. 26 hn≥kn VII. 27 _nt\mbv (hdp-Kokv) VI. 28 Gen-°p´n (1934)

V.30 tPmk^v (VI) 1 AK-Ãn≥

2 A∂Ω

3 tacn

4 eqkn

5 tUmfn

VI. 32 BKkvXn (A-K-Ãn≥) Xncp-h√, Ip∂-¥m\w ]md-t»-cn¬ Cu∏-s‚bpw Ing-t°-Xn¬ dmtl-en-s‚bpw aIƒ A∂sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. eo\ (tacn), _o\ (sdbv-®¬), jo\ (t{Xkym) Ch¿ a°-fmWv. sslkv°qƒ A≤ym-]-I\m-bn-cp∂p. AK-Ãn≥ tPmen-bn¬ \n∂pw hnc-an®v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv Xma-kn-°p∂p.

VI. 33 A∂Ω kte-jy≥ k`-bn¬ tN¿∂p Sr. B©e F∂ t]cp kzoI-cn®p.

VI. 34 tacn

CΩm-Iyp-te‰vkv k\ymk k`-bn¬ tN¿∂v 1963-¬ knÃ-dmbn tPmen sNøp∂p.

VI. 29 ]utemkv (1943) IÆq¿ Pn√-bn¬ sNdp-]pg F∂ ÿeØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. s\øt»cn sN∂-∏n-≈n¬ Nmt°m-bp-sSbpw tdmk-bp-sSbpw aIƒ A∂sb 1971- ¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Un‰n (B\‰v), ‰n‰n (tdmk) Ch¿ a°fmWv. ‰n‰n U¬ln-bn¬ t\gvkmbn tPmen sNøp∂p.

VI. 30 ^ntem-an\ (1953) hmg-°pfw s_t…lw saXn-∏md Nmt°m aI≥ Ipcym-t°mkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ubkv, tPm¿÷v, Umenb Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

V. 31 tPmk^v (Ip™u-tk∏v) BK-kvXn-bpsS \mem-asØ aI-\mb tPmk^v Bc-°pg Ic-bn¬ aqgn-°-®m-en¬ ss]en aptØm-e-]pcw Ac-™mWn A∂ aIƒ {_nPo406

Du∂p-I√v IpSn-bn-cn∏n¬ h¿°n˛tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p-t]cpw A≤ym-]-I-cm-bn-cp∂p. amb, a\ojv Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI. 35 eqkn Icn-a-Æq¿ ]md-Øm-gØv BK-kvXn-bp-sSbpw hmg-°pfw s\√n-°pt∂¬ A∂-bp-sSbpw aI≥ {^m≥knkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. eqkn A.E. Hm^o- k n¬ kq{]- ≠ ‚ v Bbn tPmen sNøp∂p. tacn (Zo]), A¬t^m≥k, P€n Ch¿ a°-fmWv. VI. 36 tUmfn \mK-∏pg sImº-\m-tXm-´-Øn¬ aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw I√q¿°mSv Ifºp-Im´v A∂-bp-sSbpw aI≥ Iptcym-t°mkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ipcymt°mkv s^U-d¬ _m¶nepw tUmfn sXmSp-]pg \yqam≥ tImtf-Pn¬ s{]m^-k-dmbpw tPmen-sN-øp∂p. ARvPp-tacn, APbv tPm¿÷v F∂nh¿ a°-fmWv. tUmf-n-bpsS hr≤-cmb amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw Ch-tcm-sSm∏w Xma-kn-°p∂p. 407

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

V.37 K¿∆m-knkv aT-Ip-t∂¬ BK-kvXn-bpsS a°-fn¬ A©m-a≥ h≠-a‰w sagpI-\m¬ sXmΩ-t‚bpw s\ø-t»cn Bb-Øp-]m-SØv Gen-bp-sSbpw aIƒ I{Xo-\sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tImgn-t°mSv Pn√-bn¬ sImS-°-√q¿ IcnI-≠q¿ (]md-am´ tdmUv) F∂ ÿeØv Xmakw.

V.37 K¿∆m-knkv (VI)

Pn≥kn, tPmkvan≥ Ch¿ a°-fmWv. DSp-º-∂q¿ No\n-°pgn F∂ ÿeØmWv Xmakw.

V. 44 sXmΩ-®≥ BK-kvXn-bpsS aI≥ sXmΩ-®≥ \mK-∏pg hen-b-]p-Ø≥]pc (Ggm-\n-°m´v) C´n-bh - c - m-bp-sSbpw hmg-°pfw ]≈n-°p-t∂¬ adn-bØ - ns‚bpw aIƒ I{Xo-\sb sIm√-h¿jw 1117 Xpemw 3-\p hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©p a°-fmWv.

1

2

3

4

5

6

V.44 sXmΩ-®≥

Nn∂Ω,

GeΩ,

t{Xkym,

tPmk^v,

tPm¿÷v,

tXmakv

(VI)

VI.38 Nn∂Ω Iqcm-®p≠v thß-Øm-\Øv A{_m-l-Øns‚ aI≥ A{_mlw hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VI. 39 GeΩ sNdp-]pg IÆn-h-b¬ tImep-h≠n Rmh-≈n-°p-t∂¬ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. VI. 40 t{Xkym (kn. ^vtfmd) Fkv.Fw.sF. F∂ k\ymk kaq-lØ - n¬ tN¿∂v ^vtfmd F∂ t]cp kzoI-cn®p I¬°´bn¬ tkh\w sNøp∂p.

VI. 41 tPmk^v tImgn-t°mSv ]pXp-∏mSn ]S-π\ - m-\n-°¬ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw I°bw I√m-\m´v Ic-bn¬ ]mßw-am-\m¬ Gen-bp-sSbpw aIƒ eoem-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. kPojv, A\ojv Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI. 42 tPm¿÷v

1 adn-b-°p´n

2 tPm¿÷v

4 AK-kv‰n≥

4 tPmk^v

5 amXyp

VI.45 adn-b-°p´n (s]ÆΩ 1944) c≠m-ddpw-I-c-bn¬ \otcm-en-°¬ ]utem-kn-s‚bpw t{Xkym-Ωbp-sSbpw aI≥ ]utemkv (sIm®v) 1971- ¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. kpan, at\jv, sXmΩ-®≥ (at\mPv) Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI. 46 tPm¿÷v (1946) G\m-\-√q¿ hS-°pw-]m-SØv ap∏-t‰¬ h¿°n-bp-sSbpw s]cn-ßg CS-hI hS-t°¬ t{Xkym-bp-sSbpw aIƒ {_nPo-Øsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm¿Pv tIcfm Kh; tem´dn Un∏m¿´p-sa‚nepw {_nPoØ apXe-t°mSw sk‚ v tPm¿÷v kvIqƒ So®-dmbpw tPmen t\m°n-bn-cp-∂p. kPn, A©p Ch¿ a°-fmWv. s]≥j≥ ]‰n Ct∏mƒ apX-e-t°mSw ]≈n°v kao]w Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VI.46 tPm¿÷v (VII)

Ipf-Øp-h-b¬ am´ tdmUv s\√p-th-en¬ kvIdnb˛A∂Ω ZºXn-I-fpsS aIƒ en√nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm_n, tPmPn Ch¿ a°fmWv.

VI. 43 tXmakv (sXmΩ-®≥) tImgn-t°m´v Pn√-bn¬ Ip≠p tdmUp ]p√m-´p-ho-´n¬ Nmt°m-bpsSbpw Ipf-Øp-¶¬ Gen-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Beo-kns\ hnhmlw sNbvXp. 408

1 kPn

2 ARvPp

VI.47 AK-Ãn≥ (t__n) B\n-°mSv Iq\m´v aØmbn aIƒ tdmkn-ensb hnhmlw sNbvXp. kn_n, aØmbn Ch¿ a°-fmWv. 409

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI. 48 kÆn (tPmk^v)

VI.51 AK-Ãn≥ (Ip™v)

Nß-\m-t»cn, Ipdp-º\ - m´v Hmth-en¬ Nmt°m-bp-sSbpw ]pfn¶p∂v ssIX-∏-d-ºn¬ Gen-bm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ en√n-°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. kÆn F©n-\o-b-dbn A_p-Zm-_n-bn¬ tPmen t\m°p∂p. en√n-°p´n s]meq-j≥ I¨t{Smƒ t_m¿Un¬ Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv Akn. F©n-\o-b-dmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. Fd-Wm-Ipfw ssh‰n-e-bn¬ Xmakw. \o\p GI aI-fmWv.

Bthmen, sXm´n-bn¬ amXyp sX°pw-`mKw I°m-´n¬ tacn aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. _n\n hnt\mZv, hn’≥ Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI. 52 tPm_v (1952) tImSn-°pfw Xd-bn¬ tPmk^v adnbw Zº-Xn-If - psS aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. amWn (s^_n≥ 1986) F_n≥ 1994)Ch¿ a°-fmWv

VI.53 {^m≥kokv \mK-∏pg De-t°-¶¬ Pbnwkv˛tacn Zº-Xn-If - psS aIƒ tagvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. sS‰n-tamƒ (A¬t^m≥km), tacn (sUbvkn) a°fmWv.

VI. 54 B\okv h≠-a‰w sXt°¬ A{_mlw˛If-∏p-cb - n¬ {_nPo‰v Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ tPm¿Pv hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p-t]cpw sslkv°qƒ A≤ym-]-IcmWv. k®n≥, AarXm Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.55 tj¿fn Bº-√q-cn\p kao]w sNºw-I≠ - Ø - n¬ hb-en≥ Ipf-ßc tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmkn\p kuZn Atd-_y-bn-emWp tPmen. tkmfa\pw tkmWn-bbpw BWv a°ƒ.

kÆnbpw IpSpw-_hpw

VI-49 amXyp amXyp (cmPp˛1968) No\n-°p-gn-bn¬ Xmakn°p-∂p. tIcfm k¿°mcns‚ ^b¿ B‚ v sdkvIyq hn`m-K-Øn¬ tPmen.

V.50 amWn (Ip™p-amWn) aT-Ip-t∂¬ BK-kvXn-bpsS Cfb k¥m-\a - mb amWn ]∂q¿ ]mdØm-gØv Nmt°m, ]d-b\ - n-eØv BKkvXn Zº-Xn-If - psS aIƒ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXp. aT-Ip-t∂¬ Xd-hmSv hn‰v Nme-°pSn Bº-√q¿ ASpØv ÿew hmßn Xmakw. A©p a°ƒ

V.49 amWn (VI) 1 AK-Ãn≥

2 tPm_v

3 {^m≥kokv 410

4 B\okv

5 tj¿fn 411

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w VII.4 kn.hn. AK-Ãy≥ (t__n)

10 E. ]Xn\mdn¬ Ip∂w It∏-fbn¬ \n∂pw ]md-Ø-e-bv°¬ ]md-bn¬\n∂pw hcp∂ hb¬Øe-Iƒ Iq´n-ap-´p∂ ÿe-amWv IÆm-Sn-h-b¬. AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp∂ ^e-`q-bnjvSamb ]Xn-\mdv ]d \nehpw ]pc-bn-Shpw \¬In aq∂m-asØ a-I≥ h¿§o-kns\ AhnsS Xma-kn-∏n-®p. Aßs\ ]pXnbn-SØ - p-Ip-t∂¬ h¿Kokv ]Xn-\m-dn¬ imJm-]n-Xm-hm-bn. cma-]pcw ]≈nhm-Xp-°¬ IpSpw-_Ø - nse aq∂v s]¨a-°f - n¬ aqØ Bsf-bm-bn-cp∂p hnhmlw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv.

IV.1 hdp-Kokv (V) 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

BKkvXn

tXmakv

Nmt°m

amXyp

h¿§okv

tPmk^v

Gen-bmΩ

V. 2 BKkvXn hdp-Ko-kns‚ aqØ-a-I-\mb BKkvXn, Bc-°pg s]cp-º-√q¿ Icbn¬ ate-°-≠-Øn¬ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXp. \mep a°-fm-bncp∂p

apX-et- °mSw sNº-cØ - nI - f - ∏ - p-cb - n¬ (Ce-™n-°p-gn-bn¬) tPmk^n-t‚bpw Xpd-bv°¬ {_nPo-‰n-t‚bpw aIƒ kqk-∂sb (CØmΩ) hnhmlw sNbvXp. t__n sXmSp-]p-gb - n¬ sNº-cØn Km¿sa‚ vkv F∂ hkv{X-hym-]mc ÿm]\w \S-Øp∂p. tacn (_n_nX), tPm¿÷v (_n_n≥) Ch¿ a°-fmWv. _n_nX Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \gvkmbpw, _n_n≥ hnZym-`ymk-Øn-\p-tijw ]nXm-hn-s\m∏w hym]mc cwK-Øp-amWv.

VII.5 kn.hn. tPmk^v (Hutk-∏-®≥) sX°pw-`mKw Np≈n-bm-en¬ A{_m-l-Øn-t‚bpw XpS-ß-\mSv I´°bw A∂-bp-tSbpw aIƒ A®m-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm¿÷v (s]∏n), A{_mlw (k®n≥) Ch¿ a°-fmWv. Hutk-∏-®≥ kn.‰n.kn.B¿.sF. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw Hm^o-kn¬ AUvan-\n-kvt{S-‰ohv Hm^o-k-dmbn tPmen sNbvXp-h-csh 2002¬ \ncymX-\mbn.

V.2 BKkvXn (VI) 1 h¿Kokv

2 tacn

3 tXmakv

4 BKkvXn

VI.3 hdp-Kokv (h-°-®≥) {]hn-Øm\w ]b-∏m¿, ssaem-Sq¿ ho´n¬ C´n sF∏n-t‚bpw, `cW-ßm\w ss]IS ho´n¬ A∂-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tdmksb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Bdv a°-fmWv.

VI.3 h°-®≥ (VII) 1 AK-Ãy≥

2 tPmk^v

3 tacn

4 amXyp 412

Hutk∏®\pw IpSpw-_hpw

VII.5 Hutk-∏-®≥ (VIII) 5 h’Ω

6 am\p-h¬

1 tPm¿÷v

2 A{_mlw 413

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VIII. 6 tPm¿÷v (s]∏n) t^m¿´v sIm®n sIm-®m-\m-]-d-ºn¬ h¿Ko-kn-s‚bpw sXm≠n-∏-dºn¬ tacn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ acnbm hn≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm¿÷v (tPm-tam≥), \ntbm tPm¿÷v a°fm-Wv. tPm¿÷v cmP-Kncn tImtfPv Hm^v tkmjy¬ kb≥kn¬ eIvN-d-dmbn tPmen t\m°p∂p. acnb ]mem-cn-h´w tUm¨ C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªnIv kvIqfn¬ So®dmbn tPmen sNøp∂p.

VIII. 7 A{_mlw (k-®n≥)

sNbvXp. Hcp aI\pw 4 s]¨a-°-fp-ap≠v. Ct∏mƒ Imk¿tImSv Pn√bn¬ amtemw F∂ ÿeØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. tacn 1989˛¬ acn®p.

VI.13 tXmakv (sXmΩ-®≥) BK-kvXn-bpsS aI≥ ]ngIv Ic-bn¬ am\-Øq¿ CS-hI No¶-t√¬ A{¥-tbmkns‚ aIƒ {_nPo-Ømsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tacn, BKÃn≥, tPmk^v, tamfn, h’Ω, amXyp, A∂, ‰qhn Ch¿ a°-fmWv. Xmakw am\-Øq¿.

A{Kn-°ƒ®¿ F©n-\o-bd- nw-Kn¬ _ncp-Zs - a-SpØ A{_mlw M.B.A. hnZym`ymk-Øn-\p-tijw shÆe kuØv C¥y≥ _m¶n¬ Akn. amt\Pcmbn `pht\izdn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. `mcy s]cpºmhq¿ Ifcn°¬ cmPphnt‚bpw Acn°pg Xm\Øp]dºn¬ sIm®pt{XkymbptSbpw aIƒ \oXp (M.Sc., B.Ed.)

VII. 8 tacn (eoemΩ) sh≈n-bm-a‰w Idp-I-∏n≈n Ic-bn¬ Itcm-´p-Ip-t∂¬ tZh-ky-bptSbpw Gen-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tZhky hnhmlw sNbvXp. entPm, PÃn≥ Ch¿ a°-fmWv. tZhky hnt√-Pm-^o-kdpw tacn A[ym-]n-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p.

sXmΩ®\pw IpSpw-_hpw

VII. 9 amXyp (amØp-°p´n) hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw sXmSp-]p-g-bn¬ ktlm-Z-c≥ t__n°v H∏w hkv{X-hym-]m-c-Øn¬ klm-bn-®p-h-csh 1981-¬ lrZ-b-kw-_-‘amb AkpJw aqew acn®p.

VI.13 sXmΩ-®≥ (VII) 1

tacn

VII.10 h’Ω hmg-°pfw aT-Øn¬ tZhky-bp-sSbpw Be-t°mSv Icn-t¥m-fn¬ A∂-bp-tSbpw aI≥ De-l∂≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]utemkv (F_n≥), sIm®p-t{Xky (dmWn) F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv. c≠p-t]cpw hn-Zym¿∞n-Ifm-Wv.

VII.11 am\p-h¬ (kmPp) aWn-b{¥w If-∏p-c-bv°¬ tPmWn-t‚bpw Ingt° Ac-™m-Wnbn¬ adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aIƒ sPbvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. h¿Kokv (tPm¿Un), tdmkΩ (dn-tkm) Ch¿ a°-fmWv. c≠p-t]cpw ]Tn-°p-∂p.

VI.12 tacn (Ip™p-s]Æv) BK-kvXn-bpsS aIƒ tacn A¥ymfw Ic-bn¬ ssaem-Sq¿ C´n sF∏n-t‚bpw ]me Im∏n¬ adn-b-Øn-s‚bw aI≥ h¿Kokv hnhmlw 414

2

3

AK-Ãn≥ tPmk^v

4

5

6

7

8

tamfn

h’Ω

amXyp

A∂

‰qhn

VII.14 tacn tam\n-∏n-f-fn- I-c-bn¬ sImSn-™n-bn¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw Ing-ßq¿ I´-tØm-Sn¬ Beo-kn-t‚bpw aI≥ ^nen∏v hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VII.15 AK-Ãn≥ (tPmbn) ]mem aptØm-en- I-c-bn¬ If-cn-t°m-´n¬ kvIdn-b-bp-tSbpw AXnc-ºpg D∏p-]p-g-°≥ t{Xkym-Ω-bp-tSbpw aIƒ ssekm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ: {_nPoØ (aWn-°p´n) tXmakv (aWn-°p-´≥) t{Xky (lWn), kJ-dnb (I-Æ≥). F√m-hcpw ]Tn-°p-∂p. tPmbn IpSpw-_-ktaXw Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

VII.16 tPmk^v (A∏-®≥) ac-ßm-´p-]n≈n Ipdn-®n-Øm\w Ih-\m-Sn-a-e-bn¬ Ipcy-s‚bpw IpS°-®nd ]pfn-°¬ Fen-k-_-Øn-t‚bpw aIƒ tj¿fnsb hnhmlw 415

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNbvXp. tPmjz, ssj\ F∂n-h¿ a°-fm-Wv. tPmk-^n\v Ata-cn-°bn¬ _nkn-\€pw tj¿en t\gvkp-am-Wv.

VII.17 tamfn 1968 am¿®v 6-mw XobXn 11 hb-€p-≈-t∏mƒ acn®p. am\-Øq¿ ]≈n knan-tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkv°-cn®p.

V.22 A tPm¿÷v AKÃy≥ (t_m_n) M.Sc., M.Tech, Ph.D. Im™q¿ \Sq∏dºn¬ tPmk^v Ce™n tXm´Øn¬ I{Xo\ aIƒ an\nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ: AKÃy≥, A\p{Klv.

VII.18 h’Ω tImX-aw-Kew \mSp-ImWn amfn-tb-°¬ h¿°n ˛ A∂Ω aI≥ tXmakv hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ t{Xky (t‰m-kvhn-\), tPm¿Pv (t‰mhn≥). tXmakv Ata-cn-°-bn¬ _nkn-\kv \S-Øp-∂p. h’Ω t\gvkpam-Wv.

VII.19 amXyp (amØp-°p´n) tN¿∏p-¶¬ Iß-g-°m´v Nmt°m ˛ Ipgn-th-en¬ t{XkymΩ aIƒ tim`sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tXmakv (sI-hn≥), tP°_v (sI¬hn≥), B≥{Uqkv (ss¢-hv) a°-fm-Wv. tim` \gvkmbpw amXyp _nkn-\kv sNbvXpw Ata-cn-°-bn-em-Wv.

VII.20 A∂ (kmen) Rogq¿ ]mbn-Øp-cp-tج F{_m-l-Øn-t‚bpw Gen-bm-Ω-bpsSbpw aI≥ tSman hnhmlw sNbvXp. F{_mlw (A≥hn≥), Gen-bmΩ (F-hn≥), tXmakv (A-cp¨) Ch¿ a°ƒ. t‰man Ata-cn-°-bn¬ _nkn-\kv \SØn hcp-∂p.

VII.21 ‰phn (PbΩ) ]ngIv s]cp-am-´n-°p-t∂¬ tZh-kym-bp-sSbpw No\n-°pgn N°m\n-°¬ (FS-°c) adn-b-°p-´n-bp-tSbpw aI≥ Ipcym-t°mkv (s_∂n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. sk_m-kvd-dy≥ (sP-_n≥), tXmakv (tPm-_n≥), tacn, {_nPn‰v (P-bn≥) Ch¿ a°-fm-Wv. Pb-Ωbpw s_∂nbpw Ata-cn°-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p.

VI.22 AK-Ãn≥ (sIm®v) BK-kvXn-bpsS Cf-b- a-I≥ IcnaÆq¿ Ic-bn¬ \mdm-WØv ]t{Xmkns‚ aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. GI aI\mWv t_m_n. t_m_n F©n\obdnwKn¬ D]-cn-]T - \w Ign™v Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°b - n¬ Db¿∂ tPmen-bn-emWv. `oembv Ão¬ ^mIvSd- n-bn¬ tPmen sNbvXn-cp∂ sIm®v `mcy tacn-s°m∏w Ct∏mƒ Ime-Sn-bv°S- pØv hn{ia PohnXw \bn-°p∂p. 416

sIm®pw tacnbpw

t_m_nbpw IpSpw_hpw

V.23 tXmΩm-®≥ (^m. tXmakv sNº-cØn) imJm ]nXm-hmb h¿§o-kns‚ c≠m-asØ aI-\mb tXmakv (P\\w 29˛1˛1899) kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-kØ - n-\p-tijw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ tN¿∂v sshZn- I - ] - T \w ]q¿Øn- b m- ° n. 21˛12˛1930\v sshZo-I-]´w kzoI-cn® ^m. tXmakv tImX-aw-Kew, Idp-Ip‰n, a™-{], IpWn™n, h√w, Ie-b¥m\n, Gg-√q¿, ]pd-∏p-g, tXm´-°-c, shfn-b-®m¬, ]md-∏p-g, ]≈n-°m-ap-dn, Imh-°m-Sv, c≠m¿ apX-emb ]≈n-Ifn¬ tkh- \ - a - \ p- j vSn- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v. 3˛3˛1974¬ 75˛m-asØ hb-€n¬ Ncaa-S™ kvacy]pcp-js\ knan-tØcn ]≈n-bn¬ kz¥w CjvS-{]-Imcw AS°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hfsc ckn-I-\mb Hcp sshZn- I - t {i- j v T - \ m- b n- c p∂p At±lw. 417

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

V.24 Nmt°m h¿Ko-kns‚ aq∂m-asØ aI≥ Nmt°m c≠p hnhmlw Ign-®ncp∂p. BZy hnhmlw s\ø-t»cn tat®-SØv \n∂m-bn-cp∂p. BZy `mcybpsS th¿]m-Sn-\p-tijw ]me ssaem-Sq¿ sXmΩ-t‚bpw `c-W-ßm\w CS-∏mSn sNm∆m-‰p-Ip-t∂¬ adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aIƒ ^ntem-an\ (aman) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tacn, A°mΩ tacn, sken≥, ^ntem-an\, tPmkv, acnb, tXmakv, ssa°nƒ Ch¿ a°-fmWv. Nmt°m 1979 Pqsse amkw ]Xn-s\m-∂n\pw amΩn 2006 s^{_p-hcn 26˛\pw \ncym-X-\mbn.

kn. anen≥Um, kn. tacn ssa°nƒ, kn. AUz. dmWn, ^m. tPm¨k¨, ^m. Ipcymt°mkv, ^m. tPmkv, ^m. tPm¿÷v, ^m. amXyp.

VI.26 A°mΩ (kn.tacn ssa°nƒ SMMI, B.A. (Hons) Di. B.M.) Nmt°mbpw `mcy amanbpw

V.24 Nmt°m (VI) 1 2 3 4 tacn A°mΩ tacn sken≥

5 6 ^ntem-an\ tPmkv

7 acnb

8 tXmakv

9 ssa°nƒ

VI.25 tacn (Ip™p-s]Æv) Icn-¶p∂w ap™-\m´v aØm-bn-bp-tSbpw Cug-°p-t∂¬ Gen-bpsSbpw aI≥ Ipcy≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ipcy≥ Bbp¿thZ tUmIvSdm-bn-cp∂p. Gen-bmΩ (AΩnWn), A¬t^m≥kv, tacn (Ip™p-tacn) tPmk^v, Pbnwkv, ^m. amXyp aq™-\m´v, knÿ AUz. dmWn Hm^v C≥^‚ v Pokkv (sIm®p-dmWn) ^ntem-an\(sj√n) {Sojy, am¿´n≥ F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv. tacnbpw IpSpw-_hpw Ct∏mƒ \ne-ºq-cmWv Xmakn-°p-∂Xv. Ipcy≥ 1979 Unkw-_¿ 28\pw Ip™p-s]Æv 2006 \hw-_¿ 3\pw \ncym-X-cm-bn. 418

1948˛¬ ktejy≥ k\ymkn\n kaqlØn¬ tN¿∂ A°mΩ 1977 ˛ ¬ k`mhkv{Xw kzoIcn®p. ]n∂oSp≈ 25 h¿jßtfmfw _mw•qcn¬ A≤ym]nI bmbn tkh\w sNbvXp. 1977 apX¬ s_√mcnbn¬ ktejy¬ skmssk‰n bpsS s{]mhn≥jy¬ {Sjddpw, sk{I´dnbpw Bbn tPmenbnencp∂p. 82 ˛ ¬ aZ¿ kp∏ocnbdmbn cqwIqdnte° t]mbn. 1984 apX¬ 1999 hsc doPnbW¬ kq∏ocnbdmbn dobqWnb≥ sFe≠n¬ tkh\w A\pjvTn®p. k`bpsS BtKmftI{µamb P\dte‰n¬ 1999 G{]n¬ apX¬ \hw_¿ 2007 hsc C°tWman¬ P\d¬ Bbncp∂p. kpZo¿Lamb Adp]Xv h¿jsØ ka¿∏nXPohnXw hgn k`°pw kaqlØn\pw \nkvXqe tkh\a\pjvTn®phcp∂ tacn ssa°nfn\p 2008 P\phcn apX¬ ^nens∏bv≥kv BWv I¿ΩcwKw. 419

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI. 27 tacn ]me sImgp-h-\m¬ ]qh-°p-fØp ho´n¬ kvIdn-bm-bp-sSbpw, ]mem Im™n-c-a‰w C©n-°m-em-bn¬ adn-b-Øn-t‚bw aI≥ FΩm-\pth¬ hnhmlw Ign®p. FΩm-\p-th¬ kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. FΩm-\p-th¬, ^m. tPm¿÷v ]qh-°pfw, sUbvkn, sPbnwkv, (Nmt°m®≥), ^m. Ipcym-t°mkv ]qh-°pfw (PnPn), ^m. tPm¨k¨ ]qh°pfw, Pn≥kn, tPmbvkn (DÆn), PnΩn (Ip´≥) Ch¿ a°-fmWv. ^m. tPm¿Pv cq]-Xm- ssh-Zn-I\pw ^m. Ipcym-t°mkv kn.-Fw.sF. k`-bnepw ^m. tPm¨k¨ Qm≥kn cq]-X-bn-ep-am-Wv. am\ph¬ 2007 Pq¨ 9\v \ncym-X-\m-bn.

VI.28 sken≥

A¥-co-£Ø - n¬ Acp-Wm-N¬{]-tZ-inse {]Ya CS-hI Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw AhnsS hnIm-cn-bm- bn XpS-cp-Ibpw D≠m-bn. Acp-Wm-Ne - n¬ Xma-ka - mb BZy sshZn-I-\m-bn-cp∂p tPmk-®≥. 2002-˛¬ C‰m\K-dn¬ tUm¨ t_mkv t Im tImtfPv Bcw- ` n- ® p. ]pXnb c≠v CS- h - I - I ƒIqSn XpSßpIbpw sNbvXp. 2004-˛¬ Ata-cn-°-bnse km≥{^m≥kn-kvtIm-bnep≈ VAT II C≥Ãn-‰yq-´n¬ tN¿∂p. AhnsS \n∂pw tdman¬ FØnb tPmk-®≥ c≠p h¿jw ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬ D]-cn-]-T\w \S-Øn. 2007¬ C¥y-bnte°v aSßn _mw•q-cnse kte-jy≥ B{i-a-Øn¬ tkh\w sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ aWn-∏q-cnse Cw^m-en¬ tUm¨ t_mkvtIm kvIqfn-s‚-bpw, \n¿Ωe amXm ]≈n-bp-sSbpw sdIvS-dmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

I√q¿°mSv Xgp-hw-Ip∂v CS-hI dmØ-∏n≈n tPmWn-t‚bpw, Xgphw-Ip∂v I]ym-cp-a-e-bn¬ t{Xkym-bp-tSbpw aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. B¬_¿´v, {InÃo\ (_o\), ^vtfmdn Ch¿ a°-fmWv. tPmk^pw, sken\pw dn´-tb¿Uv A[ym-]-I-cmWv.

VI.29 ^ntem-an\ (Ip´n-bΩ) B\-°bw Xe-b-\mSv CS-hI ]´m-¶p-fØv tPmk-^n-t‚bpw s\Snb-»me Ipgn-I-≠-Øn¬ A∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. \yqk¨, Ãm¿en, en≥k¨ Ch¿ a°-fmWv. tPmk^v sk.sk_m-Ãy≥kv sslkv°q-fn¬\n∂pw, Ip´n-bΩ Kh. kv°qƒ {]n≥kn-∏-embpw s]≥j≥ ]‰n. \yqk¨ Fw.sSIv. Ign™v \mt\m sSIvt\mfPnbn¬ KthjWw \SØp∂p. Ãm¿en knwK-∏q-cn¬ F©n\o-bd- mbn tPmen sNøp∂p. en≥k¨ _mw•q-¿ C≥t^m-kn-kn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. Xmakw Imcn-t°m-Sv.

VI.30 ^m. tPmkv sNº-cØn 1953-˛¬ P\n® tPmkv, -{]m-Y-anI hZym-`ym-k-Øn\p tijw ktejy≥ k`-bn¬ tN¿∂v jnt√mw-Knepw Um¿Pn-enw-Knepw sshZn-I-]-T\w \S-Øn. 1980-˛¬ kz¥w CS-h-I-bmb apX-e-t°mSw s^mtdm\ ]≈nbn¬h®v Xncp-∏´w kzoI-cn-®p. AXn-\p-tijw Bkm-an-epw, Acp-WmN¬{]- t Z- i n- e p- a mbn hnhn[ ]≈n- I - f nepw anjy≥ tI{µ- ß - f nepw kvXpXy¿l-amb tkh\w sNbvXp. kvIqfp-Ifpw tImtf-Pp-Ifpw XpSßp-Ibpw AhnsS ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXy¥w B]¬°-c-amb 420

^m. tPmkv aZ¿ sXtc-k-tbm-sSm∏w aZ¿ sXtc-km-tb-bpw, am¿]m-∏-tbbpw t\cn¬ ImWm\pw A\p{K-lm-in-€p-Iƒ hmßm\pw `mKyw kn≤n® tPmk®s\ IqSp-X¬ henb A\p-{K-l-߃ ImØn-cn-°p-∂p. 421

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.31 acnb ss]tßm-´q¿ IS-hq¿ CS-hI ]md-°m´v BK-kvXn-bp-tSbpw, ss]tßm-´q¿ If-Øn¬ adn-b-Øn-t‚bpw aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. B¬_n≥, ARvPp a°-fmWv. B¬_n≥ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtfPv hnZym¿∞nbpw, ARvPp tImb-º-Øq-cn¬ saUn-°¬ tImtf-Pv hnZym¿∞n-\nbpamWv.

VI.32 tXmakv (tSman) s]cp-ºm-hq¿ Bb-Øp-]Sn CS-hI \otcm-en-°¬ tPmWn-t‚bpw, Icn-¶p∂w ap™-\m´v t{Xkym-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tacnsb (euen) hnhmlw sNbvXp. ^ntem-an\ A¬t^m≥kv (A\p), {Sok (ARvPp) Ch¿ a°fmWv. sslkv°qƒ hnZym¿∞n-\n-I-fmWv. Xmakw apX-e-t°m-Sw.

PnΩn-bpw IpSpw-_hpw.

V.34 amXyp (AUz. ]n.hn. amXyp, B.A.B.L, M.L.A) imJm ÿm]-I-\mb h¿§o-kns‚ aI-\mb amXyp Icn-¶p∂w tXm´p-¶¬ tXmam-®s‚ aIƒ tacn (aman)sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm¿÷v, kn.tacn hn‰ (X¶Ω), knÿ tacn PpsUbv≥ (en√n-°p´n) F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv. amXyp 1944 ¬ \ncym-X-\mbn.

ëtSma nbpw IpSpw-_hpw

VI.33 ssa°nƒ (PnΩn) tImX-aw-Kew Ioc-ºmd CS-hI aøm-fØv ss]en-bp-tSbpw Bbh\ CS-Øn-°pSn tacn-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tacn (tPmbvkn) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm¿÷v sPbnwkv(tPmPn), A¬t^m≥kv acnb (tPmkvan) Ch¿ a°- f mWv . kv I qƒ hnZym¿∞n- I - f mWv . PnΩn sXmSp- ] pg F¬.sF.kn. imJ-bn¬ GP‚mbn tPmen sNøp∂p

422

amanbpw aI≥ tPm¿÷pw

kn. tacn hn‰

kn. PqsUbv≥

V.35 h¿Kokv (]m∏p) ]Xn-\m-dn¬ Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-k-am-°nb ]m∏p Icna-Æq¿ ]∂q¿ Ic-bn¬ Ipgn-°m-´p-aym-en¬ (IWn-bmwsXm´n) h¿Ko-kn-t‚bpw adn-b° - p-´n-bp-tSbpw aIƒ Gen°p-´nsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ ]Øv. ]m∏p 1967 Unkw-_¿ 28˛-mw XobXn \ncym-X-\mbn. ]m∏p-hns‚ a°ƒ Ct∏mƒ IÆq¿ Pn√-bn¬ sNdp-]pg, Xncp-ta\n F∂o ÿe-ß-fn-emWv Xmakw. 423

]m∏phns‚ `mcy Gen°p´n

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

V.35 h¿Kokv (VI) 1 tPm¿÷v 6 amXyp

2 3 tacn AK-Ãy≥ 7 8 sPbnwkv FΩm-\p-th¬

4 tPmkv 9 {^m≥knkv

Zneo\, Znb, tPm¿÷v Ch¿ a°-fmWv. {]n≥kv Un{Kn hnZym-`ymk-Øn\p tijw Im¿jn-I-hr-Øn-bn-te¿s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. 5 tXmakv 10 Ct·-jykv,

VI.36 kn.hn. tPm¿÷v tN¿Øe ]™n-°m-c≥ tP°-∫n-t‚bpw a∂m\w s]cp-am-en¬ A∂-Ωb - p-tSbpw aIƒ t{Xky (s]ÆΩ) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ aq∂v t]¿.

VII.38 Fen-k-_Øv (km‚n) Icp-h≥Nm¬ ]pØ≥]p-cb - n¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw abn-em-Sq¿ tdmkΩ-bp-tSbpw aI≥ Ipcy≥ (Ipcym-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. B¬hn≥, tPm¿÷v, {InÃn Ch¿ a°-fmWv. Ipcym-®≥ IpSn-bm-d≥ae tacn Izo≥ sslkv°q-fn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mbn tPmen sNøp∂p.

VII.39 A∂ (koa) Nn‰m-cn-°¬ Ing-t°-°p‰v tXma-kn-t‚bpw, FS-°c ssae-°¬ tacn-bp-tSbpw aI≥ tPmk^v (kn_n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. kn_n sa°m\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dmbn tZml-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p.

V.40 tacn sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Xs∂ \ncym-X-bmbn.

VI.41 kn.hn. AK-Ãy≥ tX¿Ø√n amfn-tb-°¬ h¿Ko-kn-t‚bpw, ]p∂m-a-T-Øn¬ A∂Ω-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tacn (eoemΩ) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm¿÷v (tPmPn), ko\, A∂ (kvanX) F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv. AK-Ãy≥ A≤ym-]I-hr-Øn-bn¬ \n∂v hnc-an®p.

kn.-hn. tPm¿÷pw IpSpw-_hpw

VI.36 tPm¿÷v (VII) 1 h¿§okv

2 Fen-k-_Øv

3 A∂

VII.37 h¿Kokv ({]n≥kv) s\√n-∏md aÆq¿ De-l-∂-s‚bpw (tPm¨) sh≈mSv Im°n-bm\n-bn¬ Nn∂-Ω-bp-tSbpw aIƒ B≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp.

AK-Ãy\pw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

424

425

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.41 AK-Ãy≥ (VII) 1 tPm¿÷v

2 ko\

VI.45 tPmkv (VII) 3 kvanX

1 Gen-°p´n

2 tdmknen

3 tPm¿÷v

4 tacn

5 tPmk^v

VII.42 tPm¿÷v (tPmPn)

VII.46 Gen-°p´n (PnPn)

DZ- b - K ncn ssae-]-d-ºn¬ K¿∆m-ko-kn-t‚bpw, hbm-´p-]-dºv aØ≥Ip-t∂¬ tacnbpsSbpw (Ip´n-bΩ) aIƒ tacnsb (sU\n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. {InÃo\ (tacn), F¬k F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv. tPmPn Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ _nkn-\€v cwKØv {]h¿Øn-°p∂p.

tX¿Ø√n ]pXn-bmØv tPmk-^n-t‚bpw dmbtdmw h´-°bw tdmkΩ-bp-tSbpw aI≥ tPmk^v (X¶-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmk^v (PntPm), tPm¿÷v (Pn≥kv), tdmknen (Po\) F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

VII.43 ko\

VII.47 tdmknen

IpSn-bm≥ae s]m´≥πmhv a‰-Øn¬ ssa°n-fn-t‚bpw, taep-Imhva‰w IÆ≥Ip-fØv Gen-°p-´n-bp-tSbpw aI≥ _m_p hnhmlw sNbvXp. {Intÿ (ssa°nƒ), AKtÃm (AK-Ãn≥) Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

ISp-ta\n sXt°-ap-dn-bn¬ tXma-kn-t‚bpw, tX¿Ø√n hS-t°-apdn-bn¬ {_nPo-Øm-bp-tSbpw aI≥ Nmt°m (kn_n) hnhmlw sNbvXp. {_nPoØ (Zo]vXn), tXmakv (PÃn≥), tacn (Zn¬\), tdmk (Pn-kv\) F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

VII.44 A∂ (kvanX) ]mem-h-b¬ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw, \oeq¿ I≠m-h-\Øn¬ tdmk-Ω-bp-tSbpw aI≥ t_m_≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VI.45 kn.hn. tPmkv t]cm{º s\√p-th-en¬ kvIdn-b-bp-sSbpw apcn-°m-t»cn CS-bm¬ A∂-Ω-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tdmksb (sXømΩ) hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©p a°-fmWv.

VII.48 tPm¿÷v (tdmPn) Nn‰m-cn-°¬ afi]w hen-b-Ip-f-Øn¬ tPmkn-t‚bpw ]mbm-´p-]dºv ssItØm-´p-¶¬ Fen-k-_-Øn-t‚bpw aIƒ A∂-Ωsb (dn≥kn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ, Fw.kn.F. _ncp-Z-[m-cn-Wn-I-fmb tdmPnbpw, _n≥knbpw, Ata-cn-°b - n¬ tkm^v‰vshb¿ F©n-\o-b¿am-cmbn tPmen t\m°p∂p.

VII.49 tacn (jn\n) sh≈-cn-°p≠v apcn-ßØ - p-]d- º - n¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw, Xr»q¿ Nn‰ne-∏n≈n tIm°m´v tacn-bp-tSbpw aI≥ tZhky (tUhnkv) hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VII.50 tPmk^v (Pnt\m) hnZym-`ym-kØ - n-\p-tijw Im¿jn-Ih - r-Øn-bn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.

VI.51 kn.hn. tXmakv

tPmkpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

]mem ]pfn-¥m-\Øv tPmk-^n-t‚bpw Cf-ßfw thtº-\n-bv°¬ Gen-°p-´n-bp-tSbpw aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Fen-k-_Øv (Zo]), tPm¿÷v (tdm_n≥), tPmk^v (Pn_n≥) F∂n-h¿ a°-fmWv.

426

427

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

amØp-°p-´nbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

VI.55 amØp-°p´n (VII)

tXmakpw IpSpw-_hpw 1 Gen-°p´n

VI.51 tXmakv

(VII) 1 Fen-k-_Øv

2 tPm¿÷v

3 tPmk^v

VII.52 Fen-k-_Øv (Zo]) aW-°-Shv Xøn¬ tPmk-^n-t‚bpw aq∂n-ehv X´mw-]-d-ºn¬ Genbm-Ω-bp-tSbpw aI≥ ss_Pp hnhmlw sNbvXp.

VII.53 tPm¿÷v (tdm_n≥) F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p tijw a{Zm-kn¬ F©n-\o-bdmbn tPmen t\m°p∂p.

VII.54 tPmk^v (Pn_n≥) VI.55 kn.hn. amXyp (amØp-°p´n)

2 ªkn,

3 tPm¿÷v

4 am¿´n≥

VII.56 Gen-°p´n (dn\n) Im™-ßmSv Icp-Wm-]pcw Ipgn-ap-≈n¬ Cu∏-®-t‚bpw, \oeq¿ ]pfn-bv°¬ t{Xky-°p-´n-bp-tSbpw aI≥ km_p hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p a°-fm-Wp-≈Xv.

VII.57 kn.ª€n S.A.B.S Xe-t»cn cq]bv°p th≠n S.A.B.S k\ym-kn-\o- k-`-bn¬ tN¿∂ kn. ªkn Ct∏mƒ A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv.

VII. 58 tPm¿÷v (tdm_n≥) I¿Wm-S-I-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ sabn¬ t\gvknw-Kn\p ]Tn-°p∂p.

VII.59 am¿´n≥ (tPm_n≥)

tX¿Ø√n \ºym-]-d-ºn¬ amXyp-hn-t‚bpw, Bc-°pg Xm\-Øp-]d-ºn¬ Gen-°p-´n-bp-tSbpw aIƒ t{XkymΩ (t{Kkn) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ \mep t]cmWv.

{]oUn{Kn hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw samss_¬ t^m¨ hnev]\ tkh\ cwKØv ba\n¬ tPmen-sN-øp∂p.

428

429

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.60 kn.hn.sPbnwkv

VI.62 kn.hn.{^m≥knkv

tImgn-®m¬ Xpcp-Øn-°m´v tXma-kn-s‚bpw tacn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm¿÷v (ssj≥) Fen-k-_Øv (A\p) aI-fmWv. ssj≥ Fw.tImw. ]mkmbn _mw•q-cn¬ A°u-≠‚ v Bbn tPmen-bn-emWv. A\p B{‘-bn¬ \gvknwKv ]Tn-°p∂p.

tXmam-]pcw ]≈n-°-∏-S-hn¬ tZh-ky-bp-sSbpw ]mem-aq-e-bn¬ Gen-°p-´n-bp-sSbpw aIƒ enknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. aI≥ tPm¿÷v (tjm_n≥), Un{Kn°pw, A¬t^m≥kbpw, acn-bbpw kvIqfnepw ]Tn°p∂p.

{^m≥knkpw IpSpw-_hpw sPbnwkpw IpSpw-_hpw

VI.61 kn.hn.CΩm-\p-h¬ aWn-°-Shv amºp-g-°¬ tPmk-^n-s‚bpw A∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Beo-kns\ I√ymWw Ign®p. A\ojv aI≥. {]n‚nwKv sSIvt\m-f-Pnbn¬ ]T\w Ign™v A¶-am-en-bn¬ tPmen.

VI.63 kn.hn.Ct·-jykv (hmh-®≥) M.B.A. Nß- \m-t»cn Ipdp-º-\mSv ap°-S-ho-´n¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aIƒ B≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPm¿÷v, F¬k a°ƒ. aqØ-bmƒ tImtf-Pnepw aIƒ kvIqfnepw ]Tn-°p∂p. H.D.F.C.bpsS Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw {_m©v amt\-P-cm-bn-cp∂ Ct·jykv Ct∏mƒ P\-d¬ amt\-P-cmbn Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv tPmen sNbvXv hcp∂p. c≠v Ip´nIƒ tPm¿÷v F©n\obdnwKn\p ]Tn°p∂p F¬k kvIqfnepw.

CΩm-\p-hepw IpSpw-_hpw

hmh-®\pw IpSpw_hpw

430

431

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

V.64 ]n.hn.tPmk^v (Ip™u-tk∏v) -]pXp-∏≈n Imt°m-fn-emb a‰-Øn¬ Ipcy-t‚bpw \√p-]m-SØv A∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ timim-Ωsb (AΩnWn) hnhmlw Ign®p. ]Xns\m∂p a°ƒ.

Imew hntZ-iØp tPmen sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ aS-°-Øm-\Øp Xma-kn°p∂p. tamfn dn´tb¿Uv A≤ym-]n-Ib - mWv. GI-aI - ≥ tPmk^v am¿´n≥ (tdm_n≥) MBBS Ign™v Xncph\¥]pcw tKmIpew saUn°¬ tImtfPn¬ Syq´dmWv.

Ip™utk∏pw `mcy AΩnWnbpw

V.64 tPmk^v (VI) 1 tacn

2 A∂Ω

7 tPmk^v

3 tPm¿÷v

8 Ipcy≥

tPm¿÷p-Ip-´nbpw IpSpw-_hpw

VI. 68 Gen-bmΩ (\n¿Ωe)

4 Gen-bmΩ

9 tXmakv

5 timimΩ

10 amXyp

6 sIm®v

11 AK-Ãn≥

VI.65 tacn (X¶Ω) a√-∏≈n ]md-∏pdw kvIdn-bm-bp-sSbpw ]pXp-∏≈n \√p-]m-SØp kmdm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ t__n (tPmk^v) hnhmlw Ign®p. tdmWn, A\nX, do\p, dq_n Ch¿ a°-fmWv.

VI.66 A∂Ω (h’Ω) hmg-°pfw a™-≈q¿ s]cp-ºn¬ aØm-bn-˛{_nPoØv aI≥ tPmWn hnhmlw Ign®p. a°ƒ tXma-kp-Ip-´nbpw dmWnbpw. tPmWnbpw h’-Ωbpw A[ym-]-I-cm-bn-cp∂p.

VI.67 tPm¿÷v (tPm¿÷v Ip´n) sXmSp-]pg Ip∂w-tIm´v tXma-kn-s‚bpw abn-e-sImºv Aaw-Xp-cpØn¬ t{Xkym-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tamfnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Zo¿L432

Imh\ \Spt°m´bn¬ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. \anX, __nX a°ƒ.

VI.69 timimΩ (Ip™p-tamƒ) sFs¶mºv Ipdp-¥m-\Øv aØm-bn-˛adnb°p´n aI≥ tPmbn (amXyp) I√ymWw Ign®p. tPmankv, tPmPn, Poh a°ƒ

VI.70 sIm®p t{Xky (Um¿en) ]∂n-a-‰Øv Ihn-bn¬ If-∏p-c-bn¬ CΩm\ph¬˛adnb°p´n aI≥ AK-Ãn≥ (_m_p) hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°ƒ A∏p°p-´\pw, AΩp-°p´nbpw.

VI.71 tPmk^v (_m_p) apX- e - t °mSw Xr°- W - t »cn¬ tPmk- ^ n- s ‚bpw, c≠m¿ ss]bv°m´v t{Xkym-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tdmkn-en-bmWv `mcy. tPmk^v (tPmkp-Ip´n), tPm¿÷v (sPbvk¨), kqk≥ Ch¿ a°-fmWv. _m_p saUn°¬ sd{]skt‚‰ohv BWv. tdmkn-en- sk‚ v tPm¿÷v sslkvIqfn¬ A≤ym-]n-I-. 433

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

VI.72 Ipcy≥ (Pbvtam≥)

10 F. IV ^m. tP°_v sNºcØn

apX-et- °mSw Ad-bv°¬ A{_m-lØ - n-s‚bpw tIm´-∏Sn ]pfn-bv°Ip-t∂¬ t{Xkym-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ sIm®p-t{X-kysb (_nPn) hnhmlw sNbvXp. kqk≥ (an∂p), G{_lmw (tPm¿÷v) a°ƒ.

]pXn-bn-S-Øp-Ip-t∂¬ AK-kvXn-bpsS aI-\mb Ct±lw CS-hI sshZn-I\ - m-bn-cp∂p. ]´w-In´n A[nIw Ign-bp-∂X - n-\p-aptº \ncym-X\ - mbn. kz`m-h-ssh-in-jvSy-Ønepw ssZh `‡n-bnepw hnf-ßnb At±-lsØ Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp hnip-≤-\m-bmWv KWn-®n-cp-∂Xv. A\-h[n BfpIƒ Ip´n-If - psS Akp-Jß - ƒ amdp-∂X - n-\mbn {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw A\oZ sNm√n-°p-Ibpw A\p{Klw {]m]n°pIbpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. ISpw-_° - m¿ kz¥w ‘sIm®p Nn‰-∏≥ A®-t\mSv’ Ct∏mgpw A\p-{K-l-߃°mbn {]m¿∞n-°m-dp≠v.

VI.73 tXmakv (tSmankv) Xe-tbm-e-∏-dºv sIm®m-\m-∏-d-ºn¬ Hutk-^n-s‚bpw, h√Iw CSbm-\n¬ t{Xkym-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ BK-ksb (sken≥) hnhmlw Ign®p. kqk\pw, tPmk^pw a°-fmWv.

VI.74 amXyp (tPmhn) Fcp-taen Im°-\m´v sUman\nIv˛^nteman\ aIƒ Ihn-Xsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠p-t]cpw kuØm-{^n-°-bn¬ tPmen-bn-emWv. a°ƒ tPmk^v, adnbw.

11

VI.75 AK-Ãn≥ (sIm®p-tam≥)

]menb°pt∂¬ h¿°nbpsS GI]p{Xn adnbsØ s]cnßg aTØpwNmen¬ \n∂pw Ip∂∏n≈n¬ Xmakamb h¿°nbpsS aI≥ Nmt°mbv°mWv hnhmlw sNbvXpsImSpØXv. tN‰q¿ imJm]nXmhpw s]cnßg ]≈n ÿm]n°p∂Xn\v t\XrXzw \¬IpIbpw sNbvX Nmt°mbpsS kvamcIine C∂pw ]≈nbv°IØv ImWmw. Cu ZºXnIƒ°v Ggpa°fmbncp∂p:˛ aØmbn, h¿°n, DXp∏v, sXmΩ≥, Nmt°m, {_nPoØm, Gen°p´n. aqØ]p{X≥ aØmbn sshZnI\mbn. ssZh`‡\pw km[pP\tkhI\pam bncp∂ At±lw AImeØn¬ Ncaw {]m]n®p. Cfb aI\mbncp∂ ^m. tP°_v tN‰q¿ Hcp sshZnI t{ijvT\mbncp∂p. ^m. tP°_v tN‰q¿ Bc°pg, hmg°pfw, tImXawKew, I√q¿°mSv XpSßnb ]≈nIƒs°m∏w Ipd®pImew apXet°mSØpw hnImcn bmbncp∂n´p≠v. AΩ hoSmb sNºcØnbpambn At±lØn\p ≠mbncp∂ Bfl_‘w A\p]ambncp∂p. 1956 Pq¨ 26 \v F¨]ØnbmdmasØ hb€n¬ At±lw kz¿§{]m]vX\mbn.

Gg√q¿ ]me-°m´v Ipcp-hn-f-bp-sSbpw h≠-a‰w h´-°p-t∂¬ adnb-Øn-s‚bpw aIƒ A∂ (joP)bmWv `mcy. aI≥ tPmk^v (tSmWn), tPm¿÷v (tSmw) a°fmWv. sIm®p-tam≥ kuØm-{^n-°-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.

V.76 Geoizm _[n-cbpw aqI-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. kzk-tlm-Zc - ≥ Nmt°mtbm-sSm∏w Xma-kn-®p-h-csh 80-m-asØ hb-€n¬ 1996-¬ ac-W-a-S™p.

434

III 6. adnbw tN‰q¿

435

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

ImPm`mbn Fw.F¬.kn.bmbncp∂ t]mƒ sNºcØn (Rdf°m´v)bpsS aqØ ]p{Xn tacn°p´nsS ]mem A[nImcØn¬ sXmΩ≥ aI≥ Ipcy≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ggp a°fmbncp∂p. aqØaI≥ tXmakv {]mYanI hnZym`ymkØn\ptijw t_mws_bn¬ FØnt®¿∂p. hnhn[ tPmenIfn¬ hym]rX\mbn \√ kmºØnI \nebn¬ FØnt®¿∂ At±lw AhnsS ImPm `mbn F∂dnbs∏´p. AΩbpsamØv t_mws_bn¬ Xmakn®ncp∂ At±lw CSbv ° nsS AΩho´n¬ kµ¿i\Øn\mbn hcpambncp∂p. t_mws_bn¬ FØnbncp∂ aebmfnIƒ°v Hcp ImeØv ImPm`mbn Xmßpw XWepw \¬Inbncp∂p. t_mws_bn¬ h®v acWaS™ AΩbpsS arXtZlw \m´n¬ sIm≠ph∂mWv AS°w sNbvXXv. Ct∏mƒ ]me°m´v Pn√bn¬ kz¥w FtÉn¬ hn{iaPohnXw \bn°p∂ At±lw CSbv°nsS t_mws_ kµ¿in°mdp≠v.

ImeØv sIm≈bpw ]nSn®p]dnbpw \SØnbncp∂p. Ip™ntembpsS t\XrXzØn¬ t]meokpw ]membn¬ \n∂p≈ Ipsd anSp°∑mcmb BfpIfpw FØn Ahsc Aa¿® sNbvXp. IqSmsX ]membn¬ \n∂pw Ipsd IpSpw_ßsf AhnsS ÿncambn Xmakn∏n®p. sIm√∏n≈n IpSpw_°m¿ B `mKØv Cßs\ XmakambXmWv. Im™nc∏≈n Icn∏m∏dºn¬ IpSpw_Øn¬ \n∂pw hnhmlw sNbv X ncp∂ At±lØn\v tPm¨ ItºmSn (]ngIv ) , Hutk∏v (cma]pcw), DΩ®≥ (]mem), F∂o aq∂v B¨a°fp≠mbncp∂p. ssh∏\, I°m´n¬, \nc∏n¬ XpSßnbh ktlmZc IpSpw_ßfmWv. AΩhoSmb sNºcØnbn¬ ]Xnhmbn h∂ncp∂ At±lsØ∏‰n tI´dnhpam{Xta Cu Xeapdbv°p≈q.

hS°≥ Ip™ntem sNºcØn (sN≈q∏dºn¬) h¿°nbpsS Cfb aIfmb adnbsØ ]mem hS°≥ Del∂m\mWv ]p\¿hnhmlw sNbvXXv. Del∂ms‚bpw c≠mw hnhmlambncp∂p. Ch¿°v Ip™ntem, Ip©mt°m, Ip™man, I{Xn, Ip™∂mΩ, {_nPoØ F∂nßs\ Bdp a°fmbncp∂p. aqØ]p{X\mb Ip™ntem 20 h¿jßtfmfw ao\®n¬ Xmeq°ns\ XncphnXmwIq¿ cmPkZ€n¬ ({ioaqew {]Pm k`) {]Xn\n[oIcn® P\t\Xmhmbncp∂p. ]mem Ipcnip]≈n°v apºnembn D≠mbncp∂ kz`h\Øn\p ap∂n¬ henb ]¥¬sI´n (]mem ]¥¬) AXnencp∂v A°mesØ At\Iw tIkpIƒ tI´v At±lw Xo¿∏m°nbncp∂p. IqØm´pIpfw, sXmSp]pg {]tZißfnse tIkpIfpw At±lw tI´ncp∂Xn\p ]pdsa t]meoknt\bpw kz¥w BfpIsfbpw Ab®v Xocpam\w \S∏m°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. XncphnXmwIq¿ k¿°mcn¬ hS°≥ Ip™ntembv°v henb kzm[o\ambncp∂p. DSpº∂q¿ {]tZiØv Hcp Iq´w BfpIƒ Hcp 436

437

sNº-cØn IpSpw_w

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.

Romila Thapper

:

A History of India Vol. 1

2.

Ward and Conner

:

Memory of the Survey of Travencore & Cochin. Vol. 1

3.

William Logan

:

Malabar Manual

4.

Nagam Ayya A

:

The Travencore State Manual

5.

Philip Palmer

:

Malabar Catholic Directory

6.

Balakrishnan V.

:

History of the Syrian Christians in Kerala.

7.

P.K.S. Raja

:

Medieval Kerala

8.

{io[ctat\m≥ F.

:

tIcf Ncn{Xw

9.

Kp≠¿´v

:

tIctfm¬]Ønbpw a‰pw

:

tNckm{amPyw HºXpw ]Øpw \q‰m≠pIfn¬.

10. Cfßpfw Ip™≥]n≈

11. ]Zva\m` tat\m≥ sI.hn. :

sIm®ncmPy Ncn{Xw.

12. {]Imiw ]ªnt°j≥kv

ss{IkvXh hn⁄m\ tImiw

:

13. ]mtdΩm°¬ tKmh¿ÆtZm¿ :

h¿Øam\ ]pkvXIw

14. tPm¿÷v hn.kn.

:

\n[nbncn°¬ amWn°Ø\m¿

15. hmeØv hn.hn.sI.

:

ÿe\maNcn{X߃

16. tPmkv F≥.sI.

:

hnhn[ Ncn{X ]pkvXI߃

17. CSadpIv tPmk^v

:

hnhn[ Ncn{X ]pkvXI߃

18. tPmk^v sI.Fw.

:

fmew ]≈nbpw ]mem ]´Whpw

19. a‰p≈h

hnhn[ IpSpw_Ncn{X߃, kvacWnIIƒ, XmfntbmeIƒ, Ubdn°pdn∏pIƒ, ]≈ntcJIƒ.

438