Chemistry Reviewer

Chemistry Reviewer The Periodic Table of Elements: Dmitri Mendelev – Russian Chemist who arranged the periodic table of elements in order of increasing atomic weights. Lothar Meyer- German chemist who devised the classification of elements. his table is consisted of 56 elements. John Newlands – English chemist who proposed a system of classification in which the elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic masses. - Law of Octaves Periods and Groups: Representative Elements- A block Transition Elemets- B block Inner Transition Elements- located at the last part of the periodic table of elements Classification of Groups: 1. Alkali Metals- 1A (Li, Na, K, Cs, Fr) ( these elements are soft, shiny and high ductility, low melting points and good conductors) 2. Alkaline Earth Metals- 2A (be, Mg, Ca, Sr, ba, Ra) (harder and less reactive than 1A , their compounds form similar composition) 3. Transition Metals 4. Metalloids- (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po) termed either metals or non- metals 5. Non- Metals – ( H, C, N, O, P, S, Se) poor conductors, dull and brittle, low densities, low densities and low boiling points. 6. Halogens- (F, Cl, Br, I, At) *hales- greek for saltxgenes meaning “salt producing” F- most reactive of all non-metals -greenish yellow gas w/ sharp imitating odor Cl- “chlores”- greenish yellow Br- “bromos” – stench, emit well I-“iodes”- violet 7. Noble Gases( He, ne, Ar, Xe, Kr, Rh) 8. Inner Transition Metals

Property group bottom) 1. atomic size(AS) 2. metallic property(MP) 3. ionization energy(IE) 4. electron affinity(EA) 5. electron negativity(EN)

Periodic Variations across the period (left to right) decreases decreases increases increases increases

Lewis Dot Diagram for Elements: - depends on in its family. ex. Lithium(atomic 3) therefore 3 dots for Lithium Chemical Bonding- bonding between atoms to form a compound

going down a (top to increases increases decreases decreases decreases

types:

1. Covalent- between 2 nonmetals >Non-polar- equal sharing >Polar- unequal sharing

2. Ionic- between metal+ non-metal -

complete transfer of electrons

3. Metallic- exist among metals such as Fe, Au, Ag, Mg, Zn or Cu - composed of a lattice of atoms of the same element where the electrons are loosely held and are freely moving. - strongest bond Naming Chemical Compounds: 1. binary cpds end in –ide a.) ionic= metal+nonmetal b.) covalent 2. Binary Acids 3. Tenary Acids 4. Metals that forms many oxidation states 5. Hydrates