Chart- Types Of Climate

Climatic zones/Characteristic Hot-dry zone/Desert type of climate 15° To 30° North-South of Equator

location western and central part of India eg. Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Solapur Bhuj,

landscape and vegetation Region is usually flat with sandy or rocky ground conditions and very little vegetation Soil - dusty and dry subsoil water is low

Costal parts of India eg. Mumbai, Chennai and Calcutta surat, costal areas of gujarat

Region is usually flat with abundant vegetaion due to high humidity Soil - damp and eroded Mosquitoes and termites causes nuisance

Desert Climate more close to the equator has a short warm-humid season of not more than one month. Away from the equator, there may be a cool winter with a slight increase in rainfall altitude not more than 500m above main sea level Warm himid zone 0° to 15° North-South of Equator (season change is negligible) altitude not more than 100m above main sea level

Moderate zone

eg. Pune and Banglore saputara, Dang region of gujarat

Composite zone

Central parts of India eg. New Delhi, Kanpur and Allahabad

Region is hilly or high plateau region with fairly abundant vegetation

Varies with landscape and season

Cold cloudy zone

N. part of india and place at high altitude High land region with abundant eg. Ooty, shmila, Shillong, Mahabaleshwar vegetation shrinagar altitude is 1200m above main sea lvl.

Cold sunny zone

eg. Leh and Mount Abu

Mountainous region with very little vegetation cold desert

solar radiation direct and intense solar radiation high as 800-950 W/sq,mt clear sky, long wave radiation at night diffuse rad. during dust/haze time Almost same throughout year except

air temperature summer - high - 43° to 49° C during day time and 24° to 30° C (15°-25°C) during night time winter 27° to 32° C during day time and 10° to 18° C during night time Average monthly temp. : 30° to 35°C Diurnal range exceeding 15°C for most of the year Average monthly temp. : 30° to 35°C Annual range in excess of 15°C

High diffuse radiation during cloudy period summer - high - 26° to 32° C during day time and 21° to 27°C during night time Strong direct radiation during clear sky (afternoon) winter 25° to 30° C during day time and 20° to 25° C during night time Average monthly temp. : 20°C to 30°C uisance Diurnal range less than 08°C for most of the year Annual range @ 14° C

Almost same throughout year except places located at height

summer - high - 30° to 35° C during day time and 17° to 24°C during night time winter 27° to 33° C during day time and 16° to 18° C during night time The altitude will cause a drop of atleast 4°C in average temp. in comparision with adjacent low lands. Diurnal range is high (greater than 10°C) , annual range is low

intense direct radiation during summer intense diffused radiation during monsoon

summer - high - 32° to 43° C during day time and 21° to 27° C during night time warm humid - 27°C to 32°C during daytime and 24°C to 27°C during night time winter 21° to 27° C during day time and 04° to 10° C during night time Average monthly temp greater than 30°C in summer Average monthly temp. less than 15°C in winter Diurnal range in summer is greater than 10°C

intense diffused radiation with low percent of direct radiation in winter

summer - pleasent - 20 to 30 C during day time and 17 to 27 C during night time winter -cool 04 to 08 C during day time and -03 to 04 C during night time

intense solar radiation and low percentage of diffused radiation

summer - high - 17 to 24 C during day time and 04 to 11 C during night time winter -07 to 08 C during day time and -14 to 0 C during night time

relative humidity precipitation wind very low - 25% to 40% Annual Precipitation < 500 mm Local Wind may raise dust and create dust haze Dry Climate Very low annual rainfall often whirl winds occur during dust storms increase in cooler/wet season (50 to 150 mm per annum. Flash storm Intensity increases from dawn to the afternoon 10% to 55% occurs in limited area resulting into 40 and mm to drop at sunset. wet bulb pressure 750-1500 N/sq.m rainfall while some region may not have High winds at low level due to lack of vegetation rainfall for several years.)

Absolute humidity is usually steady, thus relative humidity fluctuates with temp. very high - 55 to 100% Annual Precipitation > 1200 mm 85% to 100% during monsoon 1200-1800 mm/annum wet bulb pressure 1750-2500 N/sq.m200-250mm in the wettest month sometimes 250 mm rainfall in a single strom of few hours

Dry periods - 20% to 55% monsoon periods - 55% to 90% arision with

Annual Precipitation > 1000 mm Winter is dry period

Dry periods - 20% to 25% Annual Precipitation 500 -1300 mm monsoon periods - 55% to 95% g night time

high - 70% to 80%

Annual Precipitation @ 1000 mm evenly distributed throughout year

low - 10% to 50%

Annual Precipitation < 200 mm

ght time

t time

From one or two directions with speed from extremely low to very high trade wind - 6 to 7 m/sec. High velocity during cyclone

High during summer

winter - north-east- dry cold winds summer - hot dusty.

monsoon - south-east - strong winds Cold wind in winter season

Occasionally intense

sky condition design criteria Clear dark blue sky with high solar radiation during resist heat gain: daytime causing an uncomfortable glare decrease exposed surface area luminance of clear blue sky - 1700 to 2500 cd/sq.m increase thermal resistance luminance of dusty sky - @ 850 cd/sq.m (sand strom) increase thermal capacity (time lag) luminance of dusty white haze - 3500 to 10000 cd/sq.m increase buffer spaces & decrease air exchange rate scheduling ventilation due to dust suspended in the sky (ventilation during day time) Dust haze may create painfully bright sky increase shading increase surface reflectivity promote heat loss: ventilation appliances increase airofexchange rate (ventilation during night time) increase humidity levels in dry summer (evaporative cooling) overcast during monsoon Reduce heat gain: clear or broken clouds with high brightness except decrease during exposed surface area monsoon stroms increase thermal resistance sky luminance - 1700 to 2500 cd/sq.m increase buffer spaces increase shading increase surface reflectivity promote heat loss: ventilation appliances increase airofexchange rate (ventilation throughout the day) decrease humidity levels Clear sky except occasional presence resist heat gain: of low, dense cloud during summer. decrease exposed surface area increase thermal resistance increase shading increase surface reflectivity promote heat loss: ventilation of appliances increase airgain exchange rate (ventilation) resist heat in summer and resist heat loss in The sky is overcast and dull in the moonsoon winter: Clear winter and occausion blaze in summer decrease exposed surface area increase thermal resistance increase thermal capacity (time lag) increase buffer spaces decrease air exchange rate increase shading increase surface reflectivity promote heat loss in summer and monsoon: ventilation of appliances increase air exchange rate (ventilation) increase humidity levels in dry summer decrease humidity levels in monsoon overcast throughout year except summer resist heat loss: decrease exposed surface area increase thermal resistance increase thermal capacity (time lag) increase buffer spaces decrease air exchange rate increase surface absorptivity promote heat gain: reduce shading utilise heat from appliances trapping heat Clear throughout the year with cloud cover resist heat loss: of less than 50% decrease exposed surface area increase thermal resistance increase thermal capacity (time lag) increase buffer spaces decrease air exchange rate increase surface absorptivity promote heat gain: reduce shading utilise heat from appliances trapping heat

physical manifestation north-south orientation and compact building layout. Use of small windows and openings to minimise direct solar gains Use of insulation on external surface of building envelope use of thick external wall with high thermal mass to cool spaces used during day-time. air locks/lobbies/balconies/verandahs to admit little sun, and to cut glare weather stripping and scheduling air changes. Reduce ventilation during the day time external surfaces protected by overhangs,fins and trees light color, glazed china and mosaic tiles etc. provide windows/exhausts shaded internal courtyards/patios/wind tower/arrangement of openings. Provide Flat roofsas sleeping areas in summer trees (vegetation), water ponds for evaporating cooling orientation and shape of building roof insulation and wall insulation & reflective surface of roof balconies and verandahs walls, glass surfaces protected by overhangs, fins and trees pale color, glazed china mosaic tiles etc. provide windows/exhausts ventilated roof construction, courtyards, wind towers and arrangement of openings dehumidifiers / desiccant cooling orientation and shape of building roof insulation and ease and west wall insulation east and west walls, glass surfaces protected by overhangs, fins and trees pale color, glazed china mosaic tiles etc. provide windows/exhausts courtyards/wind tower/arrangement of openings orientation and shape of building. Use of trees and wind barriers roof insulation and wall insulation thicker walls air locks/lobbies/balconies/verandahs weather stripping walls, glass surfaces protected by overhangs, fins and trees pale color, glazed china mosaic tiles etc. provide windows/exhausts courtyards/wind tower/arrangement of openings trees, water ponds for evaporating cooling dehumidifiers / desiccant cooling orientation and shape of building. Use of trees and wind barriers roof insulation, wall insulation and double glazing thicker walls air locks/lobbies/balconies weather stripping darker colors expose more walls and glass surface sun spaces/green houses/trombe walls etc. orientation and shape of building. Use of trees and wind barriers roof insulation, wall insulation and double glazing thicker walls air locks/lobbies/balconies weather stripping darker colors expose more walls and glass surface sun spaces/green houses/trombe walls etc.