Chapter 8a Outline
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Chapter 8a Outline as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,055
- Pages: 5
Abnormal Psychology 30
3/18/09 Chapter 8 - Eating and Sleep Disorders
Eating Disorders: An Overview
Central characteristic is an overwhelming, all-encompassing drive to be thin.
Marked by severe disruptions in eating behavior
Strong sociocultural origins - Westernized views
Two Major Types of DSM-IV-TR Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa
Other Subtypes of DSM-IV-TR Eating Disorders
Although rates are increasing in parts of Asia
Binge eating disorder
A Growing Epidemic
Obesity
Bulimia Nervosa: Defining Features
DSM-IV-TR Subtypes of Bulimia
Purging subtype – Most common subtype
Non-purging subtype – Rare; 6-8% of bulimics
No differences between subtypes in severity of psychopathology, frequency of binge episodes, or prevalence of
major depression and panic disorder.
Binge Eating is the Hallmark of Bulimia
Binge - Eating excess amounts of food
Eating is perceived as uncontrollable
Compensatory Behaviors
Purging - Self-induced vomiting, diuretics, laxatives
Some exercise excessively, whereas others fast
Is actually not a good way to lose weight
Bulimia Nervosa: Associated Features
Most are within 10% of target body weight
Associated Medical Problems
Erosion of dental enamel, electrolyte imbalance
Kidney failure, cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, intestinal problems, permanent colon damage
Bulimia Nervosa: Associated Features
Maduramente
-1-
Abnormal Psychology 30 Associated Psychological Features
Most are over concerned with body shape
Fear of gaining weight
3/18/09
Comorbid psychological disorders
Anxiety, mood disorders, and substance abuse.
Anorexia Nervosa: Defining Features
DSM-IV-TR Subtypes of Anorexia
Restricting subtype – Limit caloric intake via diet and fasting
Binge-eating-purging subtype – About 50% of anorexics
Unlike bulimics, binges involve small amounts of food and the purges occur more consistently
Few differences exist on severity of symptoms or personality
Successful Weight Loss is the Hallmark of Anorexia
Defined as 15% below expected weight, typically 25-30%
Intense fear of obesity and losing control over eating
Anorexics show a relentless pursuit of thinness
Often begins with dieting, especially adolescents who are actually overweight or otherwise perceive themselves
to be overweight Anorexia Nervosa: Associated Features
Associated Medical Features
Marked disturbances in body image
Rarely seek treatment on their own
Medical consequences
Amenorrhea, Lanugo
Dry skin, brittle hair or nails, sensitivity and intolerance for cold temperatures.
Comorbid psychological disorders
Anxiety and mood disorders, particularly obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Binge-Eating Disorder: Overview
Binge-Eating Disorder – Appendix of DSM-IV-TR
Experimental diagnostic category
Engage in food binges without compensatory behaviors
Binge-Eating Disorder: Associated Features
Many are obese
Concerns about shape and weight Maduramente
-2-
Abnormal Psychology 30 Often older than bulimics and anorexics
3/18/09
More psychopathology vs. non-binging obese people
Bulimia and Anorexia: Facts and Statistics
Both Bulimia and Anorexia Are Found in Westernized Cultures
Most cases of severe eating disorders are found in young, affluent, white females in competitive environments
Bulimia and Anorexia: Facts and Statistics
Bulimia
Onset around 16 to 19 years of age
Lifetime prevalence is about 1.1% for females, 0.1% for males
6-8% of college women suffer from bulimia
Chronic if left untreated
Anorexia
Majority are white in middle-to-upper middle class
Usually develops around age 13 or early adolescence
More chronic and resistant to treatment than bulimia
Causes of Bulimia and Anorexia: Toward an Integrative Model Media and Cultural Considerations
Being thin = Success, happiness....really?
Cultural imperative for thinness
Translates into dieting
Standards of ideal body size changes like fashion
Media standards of the ideal are difficult to achieve
Causes of Bulimia and Anorexia: Toward an Integrative Model
Familial Considerations
Successful, hard driving, concerned with external appearances, and eager to maintain harmony.
Often deny or ignore conflicts and have communication problems.
Biological Considerations
Low 5HT in hypothalamus
Inherited emotional instability and poor impulse control
Psychological and Behavioral Considerations
Maduramente
-3-
Abnormal Psychology 30
Low sense of personal control and self-confidence
Perfectionistic attitudes
Distorted body image
Preoccupation with food
Mood intolerance
3/18/09
Medical and Psychological Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa
Medical and Drug Treatments
Antidepressants
Can help reduce binging and purging behavior but not long-term
Psychosocial Treatments
Cognitive - behavior therapy (CBT)
Treatment of choice
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Long-term gains similar to CBT
Goals of Psychological Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
General Goals and Strategies
Weight restoration
First and easiest goal to achieve
Psychoeducation
Behavioral and cognitive interventions
Target food, weight, body image, thought and emotion
Treatment often involves the family
Anorexia has poorer prognosis than for bulimia
Medical and Psychological Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder
Medical Treatment
Sibutramine (Meridia)
Psychological Treatment
CBT
Similar to that used for bulimia
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Self-help techniques
Maduramente
-4-
Abnormal Psychology 30
3/18/09
Obesity: Overview
Not a formal DSM disorder
Statistics
In 2000, 20% of adults in the United States were obese
Mortality rates are close to those associated with smoking
Increasing more rapidly in teens and young children
Growing rapidly in developing nations
Obesity and Disordered Eating Patterns
Obesity and Night Eating Syndrome
Occurs in 7-15% of treatment seekers
Occurs in 27% of individuals seeking bariatric surgery
Patients are wide awake and do not binge eat
Causes
Obesity is related to technological advancement
Genetics account for about 30% of obesity cases
Biological and psychosocial factors
Treatment
Greater success with children and adolescents
Obesity Treatment Progression: From least to most intrusive options
1st step - Self-directed weight loss programs
2nd step - Commercial self-help programs
3rd step - Behavior modification programs
Last step - Bariatric surgery
Review of Eating Disorders
Two Major Types of DSM-IV-TR Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa
Other Subtypes of DSM-IV-TR Eating Disorders
Major difference is whether weight loss is successful
Binge eating disorder
All Eating Disorders Share
Gross deviations in eating behavior
Fear or concern about weight, body size, appearance
Heavily influenced by social, cultural, and psychological factors
Maduramente
-5-
3/18/09 Chapter 8 - Eating and Sleep Disorders
Eating Disorders: An Overview
Central characteristic is an overwhelming, all-encompassing drive to be thin.
Marked by severe disruptions in eating behavior
Strong sociocultural origins - Westernized views
Two Major Types of DSM-IV-TR Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa
Other Subtypes of DSM-IV-TR Eating Disorders
Although rates are increasing in parts of Asia
Binge eating disorder
A Growing Epidemic
Obesity
Bulimia Nervosa: Defining Features
DSM-IV-TR Subtypes of Bulimia
Purging subtype – Most common subtype
Non-purging subtype – Rare; 6-8% of bulimics
No differences between subtypes in severity of psychopathology, frequency of binge episodes, or prevalence of
major depression and panic disorder.
Binge Eating is the Hallmark of Bulimia
Binge - Eating excess amounts of food
Eating is perceived as uncontrollable
Compensatory Behaviors
Purging - Self-induced vomiting, diuretics, laxatives
Some exercise excessively, whereas others fast
Is actually not a good way to lose weight
Bulimia Nervosa: Associated Features
Most are within 10% of target body weight
Associated Medical Problems
Erosion of dental enamel, electrolyte imbalance
Kidney failure, cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, intestinal problems, permanent colon damage
Bulimia Nervosa: Associated Features
Maduramente
-1-
Abnormal Psychology 30 Associated Psychological Features
Most are over concerned with body shape
Fear of gaining weight
3/18/09
Comorbid psychological disorders
Anxiety, mood disorders, and substance abuse.
Anorexia Nervosa: Defining Features
DSM-IV-TR Subtypes of Anorexia
Restricting subtype – Limit caloric intake via diet and fasting
Binge-eating-purging subtype – About 50% of anorexics
Unlike bulimics, binges involve small amounts of food and the purges occur more consistently
Few differences exist on severity of symptoms or personality
Successful Weight Loss is the Hallmark of Anorexia
Defined as 15% below expected weight, typically 25-30%
Intense fear of obesity and losing control over eating
Anorexics show a relentless pursuit of thinness
Often begins with dieting, especially adolescents who are actually overweight or otherwise perceive themselves
to be overweight Anorexia Nervosa: Associated Features
Associated Medical Features
Marked disturbances in body image
Rarely seek treatment on their own
Medical consequences
Amenorrhea, Lanugo
Dry skin, brittle hair or nails, sensitivity and intolerance for cold temperatures.
Comorbid psychological disorders
Anxiety and mood disorders, particularly obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Binge-Eating Disorder: Overview
Binge-Eating Disorder – Appendix of DSM-IV-TR
Experimental diagnostic category
Engage in food binges without compensatory behaviors
Binge-Eating Disorder: Associated Features
Many are obese
Concerns about shape and weight Maduramente
-2-
Abnormal Psychology 30 Often older than bulimics and anorexics
3/18/09
More psychopathology vs. non-binging obese people
Bulimia and Anorexia: Facts and Statistics
Both Bulimia and Anorexia Are Found in Westernized Cultures
Most cases of severe eating disorders are found in young, affluent, white females in competitive environments
Bulimia and Anorexia: Facts and Statistics
Bulimia
Onset around 16 to 19 years of age
Lifetime prevalence is about 1.1% for females, 0.1% for males
6-8% of college women suffer from bulimia
Chronic if left untreated
Anorexia
Majority are white in middle-to-upper middle class
Usually develops around age 13 or early adolescence
More chronic and resistant to treatment than bulimia
Causes of Bulimia and Anorexia: Toward an Integrative Model Media and Cultural Considerations
Being thin = Success, happiness....really?
Cultural imperative for thinness
Translates into dieting
Standards of ideal body size changes like fashion
Media standards of the ideal are difficult to achieve
Causes of Bulimia and Anorexia: Toward an Integrative Model
Familial Considerations
Successful, hard driving, concerned with external appearances, and eager to maintain harmony.
Often deny or ignore conflicts and have communication problems.
Biological Considerations
Low 5HT in hypothalamus
Inherited emotional instability and poor impulse control
Psychological and Behavioral Considerations
Maduramente
-3-
Abnormal Psychology 30
Low sense of personal control and self-confidence
Perfectionistic attitudes
Distorted body image
Preoccupation with food
Mood intolerance
3/18/09
Medical and Psychological Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa
Medical and Drug Treatments
Antidepressants
Can help reduce binging and purging behavior but not long-term
Psychosocial Treatments
Cognitive - behavior therapy (CBT)
Treatment of choice
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Long-term gains similar to CBT
Goals of Psychological Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
General Goals and Strategies
Weight restoration
First and easiest goal to achieve
Psychoeducation
Behavioral and cognitive interventions
Target food, weight, body image, thought and emotion
Treatment often involves the family
Anorexia has poorer prognosis than for bulimia
Medical and Psychological Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder
Medical Treatment
Sibutramine (Meridia)
Psychological Treatment
CBT
Similar to that used for bulimia
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Self-help techniques
Maduramente
-4-
Abnormal Psychology 30
3/18/09
Obesity: Overview
Not a formal DSM disorder
Statistics
In 2000, 20% of adults in the United States were obese
Mortality rates are close to those associated with smoking
Increasing more rapidly in teens and young children
Growing rapidly in developing nations
Obesity and Disordered Eating Patterns
Obesity and Night Eating Syndrome
Occurs in 7-15% of treatment seekers
Occurs in 27% of individuals seeking bariatric surgery
Patients are wide awake and do not binge eat
Causes
Obesity is related to technological advancement
Genetics account for about 30% of obesity cases
Biological and psychosocial factors
Treatment
Greater success with children and adolescents
Obesity Treatment Progression: From least to most intrusive options
1st step - Self-directed weight loss programs
2nd step - Commercial self-help programs
3rd step - Behavior modification programs
Last step - Bariatric surgery
Review of Eating Disorders
Two Major Types of DSM-IV-TR Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa
Other Subtypes of DSM-IV-TR Eating Disorders
Major difference is whether weight loss is successful
Binge eating disorder
All Eating Disorders Share
Gross deviations in eating behavior
Fear or concern about weight, body size, appearance
Heavily influenced by social, cultural, and psychological factors
Maduramente
-5-
Related Documents
Chapter 8a Outline
June 2020 16
Chapter Outline
November 2019 29
8a
May 2020 27
Chapter 9 Outline
October 2019 31
Chapter 10 Outline
June 2020 17