Chapter 5.docx

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CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The summary of the findings, conclusions drawn and recommendations listed by the researchers from the results gathered on the antibacterial activity of Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) leaf extract were presented in this chapter.

Summary of Findings This study conducted an experimental type of research to determine the antibacterial activities of A. carambola (Starfruit) leaf extract. The antibacterial activity of Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) leaf extract was determined in three treatments. The treatments used were distilled water as the negative control (T1), Amoxicillin (antibiotic drug) as the positive control (T2), and leaf extract of Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) as experimental treatment (T3). E. coli as gram-negative and B. subtilis as gram-positive were used as test subjects in this study. The determination of the zone of inhibition was taken after 24 hours and 48 hours of incubation. Results of the experiment showed that there was a zone of inhibition in the E. coli and B. subtilis. The Amoxicillin as the positive control inhibited the growth of E. coli and B. subtilis significantly with a zone that ranges between 15mm to 30mm while the leaf extract of A. carambola (Starfruit) that serves as the third treatment, performed moderate antibacterial activity with a zone that

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ranges between 9mm to 17mm. The distilled water as the negative control did not exhibit any zone of inhibition in the growth of the bacteria. This results concludes that the leaf extract of Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) exhibit the ability to inhibit and control the growth of the gram-positive bacterium E. coli and gram-negative bacterium B. subtilis.

Conclusions As the result of the experiment, the researchers has concluded that: 1. That leaf extract of Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) inhibited the growth of E. coli; 2. That leaf extract of Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) inhibited the growth of B. subtilis; 3. The results of the ANOVA showed that there is a significant difference in the zone of inhibition of the two bacteria using the extract.

Recommendations On the basis of the conclusions drawn, the researchers recommends that this study could further be enhanced by other researchers who want to work on similar study. 1.

A study could be done using different concentrations so as to determine the lowest concentration of the extract for pharmaceutical purposes;

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2.

A study of specific properties of A. carambola leaves responsible for inhibiting the growth of the two (E. coli and B. subtilis) bacteria and;

3.

A similar study could be conducted using the similar extract for antibacterial activity but with other bacterial subjects of gram-positive, gram-negative and spore-forming bacteria.