Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Chapter 5 Vocabulary 1. Tissues- group of similar cells that performs a specialized function 2. Epithelial Tissues- covers all free body surfaces 3. Simple Squamous Epithelium- consists of a single layer of thin, flattened cells 4. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium- consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells 5. Simple Columnar Epithelium- elongated; composed of a single layer of cells whose nuclei are usually located at about the same level near the basement membrane 6. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium- appear layered; each cell has one nucleus the layered effect occurs because the nuclei are located at two or more levels within the cells of the tissue 7. Stratified Squamous Epithelium- makes the tissue thick; forms the outer layer of the skin 8. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium- lines the larger ducts of the mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas 9. Stratified Columnar Epithelium- in the male urethra and vas deferens and in parts of pancreas; layers of cells 10. Transitional Epithelium- specialized to change in response to increased tension 11. Glandular Epithelium- composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances 12. Exocrine Glands- gland that secretes its products into a duct or onto a body surface 13. Endocrine Glands- gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood or body fluids 14. Connective Tissues- one of the basic types of tissue that includes bone, cartilage, and loose and fibrous connective tissue 15. Fibroblasts- cell that produces fibers in connective tissues 16. Macrophages- large phagocytic cell 17. Mast Cells- cell to which antibodies, formed in response to allergens, attach, bursting the cell and releasing allergy mediators, which cause symptoms 18. Collagenous Fibers- thick threads make from molecules of the protein collagen 19. Tendons- cordlike or bandlike mass of white fibrous connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

20. Elastic Fibers- composed of a protein called elastin 21. Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue- forms delicate, thin membranes throughout the body 22. Adipose Tissue- fat-storing tissue 23. Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue- consists of many closely packed, thick, Collagenous fibers and a fine network of elastic fibers 24. Ligaments- cord or sheet of connective tissue binding two or more bones at a joint 25. Cartilage- type of connective tissue in which cells are within lacunae and separated by a semisolid matrix 26. Chondrocytes- cartilage cell 27. Hyaline Cartilage- has very fine Collagenous fibers in its matrix and looks somewhat like white plastic 28. Elastic Cartilage- contains a dense network of elastic fibers and thus is more flexible than hyaline cartilage 29. Fibrocartilage- tough tissue contains many Collagenous fibers 30. Bone- most rigid connective tissue 31. Osteocytes- mature bone cell 32. Osteon- cylinder-shaped unit containing bone cells that surround an osteonic canal; Haversian system 33. Blood- transports a variety of substances between interior body cells and those that exchange with the external environment 34. Muscle Tissue- contractile tissue consisting of filaments of actin and myosin, which slide past each other, shortening cells 35. Skeletal Muscle Tissue- type of muscle tissue in muscles attached to bones 36. Smooth Muscle Tissue- in walls of hollow viscera: visceral muscle 37. Cardiac Muscle Tissue- specialized muscle tissue found only in the heart 38. Nervous Tissues- neutrons and neuroglia 39. Neutrons- electrically neutral particle in atomic nucleus 40. Neuroglial Cells- specialized cell of the nervous system that produces myelin, communicates between cells and maintains the ionic environment