Chapter 5 - Digestive System- Language Of Medicine

Chapter 5 Digestive System The Language of Medicine

Perianal Pertaining to surrounding the anus Appendectomy Excision of the appendix Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix Buccal mucosa Mucous membrane lining the cheeks Cecal Pertaining to the cecum / first part of the colon Celiac Pertaining to abdomen Cheilosis Abnormal condition of the lips – swollen, cracked and bright-red Cholecystectomy Excision of the gallbladder Choledochotomy Incision of the common bile duct (for removal of a calculus) Colostomy New opening of the colon to the outside of the body

Colonic Pertaining to the colon Colonoscopy Visual examination of the colon Dentibuccal Pertaining to the teeth and cheeks Duodenal Pertaining to the duodenum Enterocolitis Inflammation of the small intestine and the colon Enterocolostomy new surgical connection between parts of the small intestines and the colon; anastomosis Mesentery A membrane that holds the intestines together; a fold of the peritoneum attaching the small intestines to the posterior wall of the abdomen Parenteral Pertaining to through some route other than through the gastrointestinal tract, as by intravenous injection Esophageal Pertaining to the esophagus Facial Pertaining to the face

Gastrostomy Opening of the stomach to the outside of the body Gingivitis Inflammation of the gums Hypoglossal Pertaining to under the tongue Hepatoma Tumor of the liver / hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatomegaly Enlargement of the liver Ileocecal sphincter A ring of muscles/valve between the ileum and the cecum (that closes to prevent the backflow of food from the colon to the ileum) Ileitis Inflammation of the ileum Ileostomy An artificial opening from the ileum to the outside of the body through the abdominal wall Choledochojejunostomy Surgical Anastomosis (artificial connection) between the common bile duct and the jejunum Gastrojejunostomy A surgical operation in which the jejunum is connected to an opening made in the stomach

Labial Pertaining to the lips Laparoscopy Visual examination of the abdomen Sublingual Pertaining to below the tongue Submandibular Pertaining to below the lower jaw/mandible Orthodontist A dentist specialized in straightening teeth Periodontist A specialist in treatment of gums Endodontist A dentist specializing in the inner parts of the tooth (performs root canal therapy) Oral Pertaining to the mouth Palatoplasty Surgical repair of the palate Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas Peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum

pharyngeal pertaining to the pharynx palatopharyngoplasty surgical resection of unnecessary palatal and oropharyngeal tissues in selected cases of snoring proctologist a specialist in treatment of the rectum and the anus pyloroplasty surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter rectocele hernia of the rectum into the vagina sialadenitis inflammation of a salivary gland sigmoidoscopy visual examination of the sigmoid colon stomatitis inflammation of the mouth uvulectomy excision of the uvula amylase an enzyme in the saliva for digestion of starch biliary pertaining to bile or bile ducts

hyperbilirubinemia excessive bilirubin in the blood; jaundice cholelithiasis the presence of gallstones achlorhydria absence of hydrochloric acid gluconeogenesis process of producing new sugar from proteins and fats (mainly in the liver) hyperglycemia higher than normal level of sugar in the blood glycogenolysis converting glycogen into glucose in the liver lipoma tumor of fat cells (benign) lithogenesis a condition of production of stones cholecystolithiasis presence of stones in the gall bladder protease a digestive enzyme that causes breakdown of protein sialolith a stone in a salivary gland or duct

steatorrhea passage of abnormally increased amount of fats in feces lipase an enzyme that breaks down fats into glycerol and fatty acids hematochezia passage of bloody stool choledocholithiasis abnormal condition of stones in the common bile duct postprandial after a meal