Chapter 37-insects
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Chapter 37-insects as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 3,190
- Pages: 67
How to Use This Presentation • To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show.” • To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or the space bar. • From the resources slide, click on any resource to see a presentation for that resource. • From the Chapter menu screen click on any lesson to go directly to that lesson’s presentation. • You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Resources
Chapter Presentation
Transparencies
Visual Concepts
Standardized Test Prep
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Insects
Table of Contents Section 1 The Insect World Section 2 Insect Behavior
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Objectives •
Relate the major characteristics of insects to insects’ biological success.
•
List both harmful and beneficial effects of insects on human society.
•
Describe the external structure and organ systems of a grasshopper.
•
Compare incomplete and complete metamorphosis in insects.
•
Describe defensive adaptations in insects.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Characteristics and Classification of Insects • The insect body is divided into three tagmata: – The head has mandibles and one pair of unbranched antennae. – The thorax has three pairs of jointed legs and, in many species, one or two pairs of wings. – The abdomen has 9 to 11 segments but neither wings nor legs in adults.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Exploration of an Insect
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Comparison of Crustaceans and Insects
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Characteristics of Insects Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Characteristics and Classification of Insects •
The study of insects and other terrestrial arthropods is called entomology, and the scientists who engage in it are known as entomologists.
•
Entomologists classify insects into more than 25 orders based on characteristics such as: – structure of mouthparts – number of wings – type of development
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Insect Diversity
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Common Insect Orders
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued The Success of Insects • Insects live in almost every terrestrial and freshwater environment. • Factors responsible for their success include: – ability to fly – exoskeleton – jointed appendages – small size – short life span Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued Insects and People • Insects negatively affect humans by: – competing for food – transmitting diseases – destroying buildings and other manufactured products • Insects benefit humans by: – serving as food for other animals – pollinating flowers – making valuable products such as honey – recycling nutrients in ecosystems Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
The Grasshopper External Structure • The body of a grasshopper has three tagmata: – The head bears the mouthparts, a pair of unbranched antennae, and pairs of simple and compound eyes. – The thorax is composed of the prothorax, the mesothorax, and the metathorax. – The abdomen has upper and lower plates. • The rigid exoskeleton and its waxy cuticle covering are adaptations for a terrestrial life. Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
External Anatomy of a Grasshopper
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Anatomy of a Grasshopper Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
The Grasshopper, continued Feeding and Digestion • Insect mouthparts are adapted for different functions in different species. • Grasshoppers feed on plants, and their mouthparts are modified for cutting and chewing leaves and blades of grass. • The labrum and labium are mouthparts that function like upper and lower lips, respectively.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Insect Mouthparts
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Feeding Habits of Grasshoppers Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
The Grasshopper, continued Circulation, Respiration, and Excretion • Insects have an open circulatory system that transports nutrients through the body. • Gas exchange occurs by means of air-filled tracheae that reach deep into the body. • Malpighian tubules remove cellular wastes from the hemolymph while conserving water. Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Grasshopper Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
The Grasshopper, continued Neural Control • The grasshopper’s central nervous system consists of a brain and a ventral nerve cord with ganglia located in each body segment. • Nerves extend from the brain to sensory structures. • Insect sensory structures include : – simple and compound eyes – sensory hairs on antennae and other body parts – in some species, a sound-sensing tympanum
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Internal Anatomy of a Grasshopper
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
The Grasshopper, continued Reproduction • Grasshoppers have separate sexes, as do all insects. • During mating, the male deposits sperm into the female’s seminal receptacle, where the eggs are fertilized internally. • The last segment of the female’s abdomen forms the ovipositor, which she uses to lay fertilized eggs.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Insect Development • Most insects go through metamorphosis. • In incomplete metamorphosis, a nymph hatches from an egg and resembles the adult but has undeveloped reproductive organs and no wings. The nymph molts several times to become an adult. • In complete metamorphosis, a wormlike larva called a caterpillar hatches from an egg and molts several times before becoming a pupa. The pupa molts to produce the adult, which resembles neither the larva nor the pupa. Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Incomplete Metamorphosis Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Types of Insects That Go Through Incomplete Metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Complete Metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Complete Metamorphosis Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Types of Insects That Go Through Complete Metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Incomplete Versus Complete Metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Insect Development, continued Importance of Metamorphosis • Complete metamorphosis allows larvae and adults of the same species to avoid competing for space and food. • Metamorphosis also allows insects to survive periods of harsh weather or scant resources.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Life Cycle of a Monarch Butterfly
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Insect Defense • Insects may defend themselves by: – stinging – using camouflage – releasing noxious chemicals • Insects that are dangerous or taste bad often have warning coloration that makes them recognizable to predators. • The warning coloration of a dangerous species may be mimicked by harmless species.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Digestive Tract of a Bee
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Tracheal System of a Beetle
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Parts of an Insect Mouth Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Objectives • Identify three ways that insects communicate, and give an example of each. • Describe the social organization of honeybees. • Explain how honeybees communicate information about the location of food.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Communication Insects communicate by behaviors such as: – releasing pheromones – producing sounds – producing flashes of light
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Behavior in Honey Bees • Social insects live in complex groups or colonies. • The division of labor among social insects creates interdependence and a need for communication. • The social behavior of these insects is genetically determined behavior, or innate behavior. • Honeybee colonies consist mostly of female worker bees. They perform all duties but they do not produce their own offspring. • Reproduction in each colony is the exclusive function of one queen bee and a few hundred male drones. Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Behavior in Honey Bees, continued • Worker bees perform many functions during their lifetime, which lasts about six weeks. • At one stage, worker bees are called nurse bees and secrete royal jelly, which they feed to the queen and youngest larvae. • The queen bee develops when selected larvae are fed a continuous diet of royal jelly. • As a new queen matures, she secretes queen factor, which prevents other female larvae from developing into queens.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Behavior in Honey Bees, continued The Dances of the Bees • Honeybees communicate the direction and distance to food sources by performing dances inside the hive. • Honeybees use two types of dances: – The round dance indicates that a food source is nearby. – The waggle dance indicates the direction of food and the food’s distance from the hive.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Behavior in Honey Bees, continued Altruistic Behavior • In defending the colony, worker bees show altruistic behavior toward their close relatives in the colony. • By working for the colony, the worker bees increase the propagation of their own genes.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Social Insects Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice 1. What are an insect’s legs and wings attached to? A. head B. thorax C. labrum D. abdomen
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 1. What are an insect’s legs and wings attached to? A. head B. thorax C. labrum D. abdomen
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 2. What are the mouthparts of a grasshopper specialized for? F. sucking fluids G. lapping up liquids H. cutting and tearing fibers J. filtering food out of muddy water
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 2. What are the mouthparts of a grasshopper specialized for? F. sucking fluids G. lapping up liquids H. cutting and tearing fibers J. filtering food out of muddy water
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 3. What is the term for the immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis? A. adult B. pupa C. infant D. nymph
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 3. What is the term for the immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis? A. adult B. pupa C. infant D. nymph
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued The illustration below shows the life cycle of a butterfly. Use the illustration to answer the questions that follow.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 4. What kind of life cycle is shown? F. direct development G. seasonal development H. complete metamorphosis J. incomplete metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 4. What kind of life cycle is shown? F. direct development G. seasonal development H. complete metamorphosis J. incomplete metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 5. What is the term for the developmental stage labeled C? A. pupa B. larva C. nymph D. caterpillar
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 5. What is the term for the developmental stage labeled C? A. pupa B. larva C. nymph D. caterpillar
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 6. queen factor : queen bee :: royal jelly F. drone G. worker H. queen bee J. pheromone
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 6. queen factor : queen bee :: royal jelly F. drone G. worker H. queen bee J. pheromone
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued The diagram below shows the external structure of a grasshopper. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 7. What is the term for the structure(s) labeled D? A. thorax B. labrum C. abdomen D. antennae
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 7. What is the term for the structure(s) labeled D? A. thorax B. labrum C. abdomen D. antennae
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 8. Which of the following structures is part of the structure labeled B? F. ovipositor G. mandibles H. tympanum J. malphigian tubules
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 8. Which of the following structures is part of the structure labeled B? F. ovipositor G. mandibles H. tympanum J. malphigian tubules
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response Defensive adaptations in insects increase the chances of insects’ survival. Distinguish between passive defenses and aggressive defenses, and give two examples of each.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued Defensive adaptations in insects increase the chances of insects’ survival. Distinguish between passive defenses and aggressive defenses, and give two examples of each. Answer: Passive defenses don’t involve behavior. Examples include camouflage, warning coloration, being poisonous, or tasting bad. Aggressive defenses involve aggressive behavior, such as stinging a potential predator or spraying it with a noxious chemical. Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response Base your answers to parts A & B on the information below. Farmers often try to limit the number of insects on crops by applying chemical insecticides to the crops. Sometimes, an insecticide that had previously been effective no longer affects certain types of insects. Part A Why do farmers try to control insects? Part B How can the effect of insecticides on certain insect populations change?
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response, continued Answer Part A Insects can cause extensive crop damage. Part B Insecticides may control pest populations at first. However, insects with genes that confer pesticide resistance may survive and reproduce in large numbers while non-resistant insects die off. The result is an insect population that has evolved resistance to the insecticide.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Resources
Chapter Presentation
Transparencies
Visual Concepts
Standardized Test Prep
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Insects
Table of Contents Section 1 The Insect World Section 2 Insect Behavior
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Objectives •
Relate the major characteristics of insects to insects’ biological success.
•
List both harmful and beneficial effects of insects on human society.
•
Describe the external structure and organ systems of a grasshopper.
•
Compare incomplete and complete metamorphosis in insects.
•
Describe defensive adaptations in insects.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Characteristics and Classification of Insects • The insect body is divided into three tagmata: – The head has mandibles and one pair of unbranched antennae. – The thorax has three pairs of jointed legs and, in many species, one or two pairs of wings. – The abdomen has 9 to 11 segments but neither wings nor legs in adults.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Exploration of an Insect
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Comparison of Crustaceans and Insects
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Characteristics of Insects Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Characteristics and Classification of Insects •
The study of insects and other terrestrial arthropods is called entomology, and the scientists who engage in it are known as entomologists.
•
Entomologists classify insects into more than 25 orders based on characteristics such as: – structure of mouthparts – number of wings – type of development
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Insect Diversity
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Common Insect Orders
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued The Success of Insects • Insects live in almost every terrestrial and freshwater environment. • Factors responsible for their success include: – ability to fly – exoskeleton – jointed appendages – small size – short life span Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued Insects and People • Insects negatively affect humans by: – competing for food – transmitting diseases – destroying buildings and other manufactured products • Insects benefit humans by: – serving as food for other animals – pollinating flowers – making valuable products such as honey – recycling nutrients in ecosystems Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
The Grasshopper External Structure • The body of a grasshopper has three tagmata: – The head bears the mouthparts, a pair of unbranched antennae, and pairs of simple and compound eyes. – The thorax is composed of the prothorax, the mesothorax, and the metathorax. – The abdomen has upper and lower plates. • The rigid exoskeleton and its waxy cuticle covering are adaptations for a terrestrial life. Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
External Anatomy of a Grasshopper
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Anatomy of a Grasshopper Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
The Grasshopper, continued Feeding and Digestion • Insect mouthparts are adapted for different functions in different species. • Grasshoppers feed on plants, and their mouthparts are modified for cutting and chewing leaves and blades of grass. • The labrum and labium are mouthparts that function like upper and lower lips, respectively.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Insect Mouthparts
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Feeding Habits of Grasshoppers Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
The Grasshopper, continued Circulation, Respiration, and Excretion • Insects have an open circulatory system that transports nutrients through the body. • Gas exchange occurs by means of air-filled tracheae that reach deep into the body. • Malpighian tubules remove cellular wastes from the hemolymph while conserving water. Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Grasshopper Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
The Grasshopper, continued Neural Control • The grasshopper’s central nervous system consists of a brain and a ventral nerve cord with ganglia located in each body segment. • Nerves extend from the brain to sensory structures. • Insect sensory structures include : – simple and compound eyes – sensory hairs on antennae and other body parts – in some species, a sound-sensing tympanum
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Internal Anatomy of a Grasshopper
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
The Grasshopper, continued Reproduction • Grasshoppers have separate sexes, as do all insects. • During mating, the male deposits sperm into the female’s seminal receptacle, where the eggs are fertilized internally. • The last segment of the female’s abdomen forms the ovipositor, which she uses to lay fertilized eggs.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Insect Development • Most insects go through metamorphosis. • In incomplete metamorphosis, a nymph hatches from an egg and resembles the adult but has undeveloped reproductive organs and no wings. The nymph molts several times to become an adult. • In complete metamorphosis, a wormlike larva called a caterpillar hatches from an egg and molts several times before becoming a pupa. The pupa molts to produce the adult, which resembles neither the larva nor the pupa. Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Incomplete Metamorphosis Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Types of Insects That Go Through Incomplete Metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Complete Metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Complete Metamorphosis Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Types of Insects That Go Through Complete Metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Incomplete Versus Complete Metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Insect Development, continued Importance of Metamorphosis • Complete metamorphosis allows larvae and adults of the same species to avoid competing for space and food. • Metamorphosis also allows insects to survive periods of harsh weather or scant resources.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Life Cycle of a Monarch Butterfly
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Insect Defense • Insects may defend themselves by: – stinging – using camouflage – releasing noxious chemicals • Insects that are dangerous or taste bad often have warning coloration that makes them recognizable to predators. • The warning coloration of a dangerous species may be mimicked by harmless species.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Digestive Tract of a Bee
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Tracheal System of a Beetle
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 1 The Insect World
Parts of an Insect Mouth Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Objectives • Identify three ways that insects communicate, and give an example of each. • Describe the social organization of honeybees. • Explain how honeybees communicate information about the location of food.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Communication Insects communicate by behaviors such as: – releasing pheromones – producing sounds – producing flashes of light
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Behavior in Honey Bees • Social insects live in complex groups or colonies. • The division of labor among social insects creates interdependence and a need for communication. • The social behavior of these insects is genetically determined behavior, or innate behavior. • Honeybee colonies consist mostly of female worker bees. They perform all duties but they do not produce their own offspring. • Reproduction in each colony is the exclusive function of one queen bee and a few hundred male drones. Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Behavior in Honey Bees, continued • Worker bees perform many functions during their lifetime, which lasts about six weeks. • At one stage, worker bees are called nurse bees and secrete royal jelly, which they feed to the queen and youngest larvae. • The queen bee develops when selected larvae are fed a continuous diet of royal jelly. • As a new queen matures, she secretes queen factor, which prevents other female larvae from developing into queens.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Behavior in Honey Bees, continued The Dances of the Bees • Honeybees communicate the direction and distance to food sources by performing dances inside the hive. • Honeybees use two types of dances: – The round dance indicates that a food source is nearby. – The waggle dance indicates the direction of food and the food’s distance from the hive.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Behavior in Honey Bees, continued Altruistic Behavior • In defending the colony, worker bees show altruistic behavior toward their close relatives in the colony. • By working for the colony, the worker bees increase the propagation of their own genes.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Section 2 Insect Behavior
Social Insects Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice 1. What are an insect’s legs and wings attached to? A. head B. thorax C. labrum D. abdomen
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 1. What are an insect’s legs and wings attached to? A. head B. thorax C. labrum D. abdomen
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 2. What are the mouthparts of a grasshopper specialized for? F. sucking fluids G. lapping up liquids H. cutting and tearing fibers J. filtering food out of muddy water
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 2. What are the mouthparts of a grasshopper specialized for? F. sucking fluids G. lapping up liquids H. cutting and tearing fibers J. filtering food out of muddy water
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 3. What is the term for the immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis? A. adult B. pupa C. infant D. nymph
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 3. What is the term for the immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis? A. adult B. pupa C. infant D. nymph
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued The illustration below shows the life cycle of a butterfly. Use the illustration to answer the questions that follow.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 4. What kind of life cycle is shown? F. direct development G. seasonal development H. complete metamorphosis J. incomplete metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 4. What kind of life cycle is shown? F. direct development G. seasonal development H. complete metamorphosis J. incomplete metamorphosis
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 5. What is the term for the developmental stage labeled C? A. pupa B. larva C. nymph D. caterpillar
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 5. What is the term for the developmental stage labeled C? A. pupa B. larva C. nymph D. caterpillar
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 6. queen factor : queen bee :: royal jelly F. drone G. worker H. queen bee J. pheromone
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 6. queen factor : queen bee :: royal jelly F. drone G. worker H. queen bee J. pheromone
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued The diagram below shows the external structure of a grasshopper. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 7. What is the term for the structure(s) labeled D? A. thorax B. labrum C. abdomen D. antennae
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 7. What is the term for the structure(s) labeled D? A. thorax B. labrum C. abdomen D. antennae
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 8. Which of the following structures is part of the structure labeled B? F. ovipositor G. mandibles H. tympanum J. malphigian tubules
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued 8. Which of the following structures is part of the structure labeled B? F. ovipositor G. mandibles H. tympanum J. malphigian tubules
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response Defensive adaptations in insects increase the chances of insects’ survival. Distinguish between passive defenses and aggressive defenses, and give two examples of each.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued Defensive adaptations in insects increase the chances of insects’ survival. Distinguish between passive defenses and aggressive defenses, and give two examples of each. Answer: Passive defenses don’t involve behavior. Examples include camouflage, warning coloration, being poisonous, or tasting bad. Aggressive defenses involve aggressive behavior, such as stinging a potential predator or spraying it with a noxious chemical. Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response Base your answers to parts A & B on the information below. Farmers often try to limit the number of insects on crops by applying chemical insecticides to the crops. Sometimes, an insecticide that had previously been effective no longer affects certain types of insects. Part A Why do farmers try to control insects? Part B How can the effect of insecticides on certain insect populations change?
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response, continued Answer Part A Insects can cause extensive crop damage. Part B Insecticides may control pest populations at first. However, insects with genes that confer pesticide resistance may survive and reproduce in large numbers while non-resistant insects die off. The result is an insect population that has evolved resistance to the insecticide.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Related Documents
Chapter
May 2020 60
Chapter
November 2019 76
Chapter
October 2019 79
Chapter Five Chapter Five
July 2020 48
Chapter 1 - Chapter 2
June 2020 62