Chapter-2.docx

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction Knowing that second-hand smoking is worse than being the smoker itself, knowing and detecting if and when a person is smoking or vaping in places where other people might be affected unknowingly and unwillingly. This chapter contains the Required Technologies, which contains the necessary technologies to achieve the outcome; and Related Studies, where I draw inspiration for a more effective output.

Required Technologies Smoke Detector Gas/Smoke Detector (MQ2) The MQ2 is a Semiconductor type Gas Sensor that can also be called a Chemiresistor because the detection is based on the change of resistance of the sensing material when the Gas comes in contact with it. The MQ2 can detect LPG, Smoke, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane, and Carbon Monoxide ranging between 200 to 10000ppm (Source: https://lastminuteengineers.com/mq2-gas-senser-arduino-tutorial/)

Figure 1. MQ2 Gas/Smoke Detector

Humidity Detector DHT11 The DHT11 is cheap digital temperature and humidity sensor. The DHT11 uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the air and sends out digital signals to the Microcontroller, however it changes data once every two seconds. (Source: https://learn.adafruit.com/dht/overview)

Figure 2. DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor Microcontroller Arduino Nano The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328P (Arduino Nano 3.x). It has more or less the same functionality of the Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different package. It lacks only a DC power jack, and works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one. (Source: https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-nano)

Figure 3. Arduino Nano

Programming Language Arduino Software (IDE) The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino and Genuino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them. (Source: https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/windows)

RELATED STUDIES

Combination flashlight, smoke detector and emergency alarm This device is a combination of a flashlight and a smoke detector. The smoke detector is stored within the same container as the bulb of the flashlight. The alarm and the flashlight would turn on when the device detects smoke. However, there is also a switch for when the user would want to turn on the flashlight even if smoke is not present. (Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US5731759A/en?q=smoke+detector&oq=smoke+detector)

Temperature sensing wireless smoke detector This device compromises of a photoelectric smoke detector for particles in the air, and a thermistor that monitors the temperature. The device would monitor whether there are sudden changes in temperature of the environment with the range extremely cold to extremely hot. (Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US6084522A/en?q=smoke+detector&oq=smoke+detector&pa ge=1)

Flame and Smoke detector The Flame and Smoke detector uses Statistical analysis of nearby infrared radiation on it. The device continuously monitors the spectral radiation at two near-infrared wavelengths. The detector can indicate the presence of fire in an adjoining room from radiation. This is also another way of detecting flames while the smoke detector checks the particles in the air. (Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US6111511A/en?q=smoke+detector&oq=smoke+detector&pa ge=2) Humidity Detector The Humidity Detector consists of sensing elements made up of heating resistance wire coils and a humidity sensing portion made up of a metal Oxides sintered to the coil with the opposite ends of the coil exposed, and a heating circuit to increase the temperature of the humidity sensing part. (Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US4723439A/en?q=humidity&q=detector&oq=humidity+detec tor) Humidity Sensor Alarm Unit The Humidity sensor activates an alarm when the relative humidity rises above a certain level or when certain malfunctions arise like when one of its circuits are missing or cut. The first circuit is for establishing a reference signal, the second is connected to the humidity sensor and for creating the limits for humidity level. The third circuit compares the current level, and the limit and would alarm when the current level is more than the set limit.

(Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US4092635A/en?q=humidity&q=detector&oq=humidity+detec tor&page=1)

SYNTHESIS Table 1. Comparison of Smoke and Vape detector to known smoke detectors and humidity detectors STUDY

Features Detects

Detects

Includes an

Includes

Smoke

Humidity

Alarm

Temperature

Mountable

Sensor Combination flashlight, smoke detector and emergency alarm Temperature Sensing wireless smoke Detector Flame and Smoke Detector Humidity Detector Humidity Sensor Alarm Unit Smoke and Vape Detector

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