Chapter 2- Section 2

Chapter 2: The World Today Section 2: Shaping the Industrial World

Emergence of Europe  During

the Middle Ages Europe was divided into small kingdoms ruled by feudal lords, not countries.  Eventually, strong monarchies started to form and take over certain areas of land, forming unified countries. How?  These European countries began to expand their empires to every corner of the Earth.

Emergence of Europe  The

Renaissance helped Europeans “wakeup” by learning from past civilizations.

 Learning

from the past helped these people come up important new scientific discoveries and develop practical inventions.

Emergence of Europe  Changes

from a barter system of economy to an economy based on accumulating capital helped European countries expand.  How?



Some European rulers would amass enough capital to invest in overseas travel.  How

did this help with the expansion of European countries?

The 2 Agricultural Revolution nd

 There

were three main cause of the 2nd agricultural revolution:  New

plants from America  Improved farming methods  New farming machinery  Increased

food production lead to rapid population growth.

The Industrial Revolution  Between

1750 and 1914 an Industrial Revolution changed Europe and the United States.  Two

key features:

 Machines

replaced hand tools.  Steam and electricity replaced human and animal power.

 This

revolution started with Britain’s clothing making industry, where new machines helped speed up production. Entrepreneurs risked their money to set up these business hoping for a big profit.

The Industrial Revolution  Entrepreneurs

built factories in cities and brought these news machines in to make production easier. This idea quickly spread to other industries.  This lead to urbanization, or the growth of cities.  How?

Imperialism  These

new factories need materials from all over the world, so European countries began to expand their empire all over the world. This is known as Imperialism or the control by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country.

 1870-1914

Why?

is known as the Age of Imperialism. –

Imperialism  Imperialism

lead to a mass movement of westernization. –What?  Refers

to the idea that the western way of life (Western Europe and America) is better than all other ways of life therefore everyone should adapt their ways of life. In

what ways did this occur?

Nationalism  Wide

spread Imperialism lead to a strong sense of nationalism in most countries. Nationalism is the pride in or loyalty to one’s country.

 This

concept created rivalries between European countries. –When and How?

The Cold War  After

World War 2, the Cold War shaped the international scene. This was a political and economic struggle between the former Soviet Union and the United States.

 Where/when

was this struggle evident between the USA and the USSR?