Chapter-2-review-of-related-literature-and-studies-revison-copy.docx

Introduction This chapter represents related literature and studies, local and foreign, after the through and in-depth search done by our team. This will also present the synthesis of works stated to fully understand the different perspectives upon looking inside a broken family and its members. 2.1 Local Literature Studies 2.1.1 Divorce According to krepublishers.com a Divorce (or the dissolution of marriage) is the final termination of a marital union, canceling the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and dissolving the bonds of matrimony between the parties (unlike annulment, which declares the marriage null and void). Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries it requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process. The legal process of divorce may also involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child support, distribution of property and division of debt. Between 1971 and 2011, several countries legalized divorce, the last one being Malta in 2011. The majority Catholic Philippines is the last officially secular country that does not have civil divorce for the whole population; Muslims, however, are granted divorce rights as per their religion. Vatican City, an ecclesiastical sovereign city-state, also has no procedure for divorce. The results show the relationship of work status with the married life, reason for divorce, attitude towards divorce, residence and source of income. It was found that among working women for 47.83% women marriage was successful in the beginning, for

21.74 % marriage from the very beginning was a failure

while as for 8.7%

marriage was a compromise. Amongst non-working women

41.18% had successful

marriage in

the beginning, it was total failure for

35.29%

and for

23.53%

whereas,

it

deteriorated

soon

after

marriage. The Effects Of Broken Family On Academic Performance Of Children As Perceived By Grade 11 Students Of STI College Santa Rosa

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2.1.2 Parental It is very usual for people to think that teenagers doing such nasty acts are rooted to family disorientation. Even countless studies show that child’s mislead life is blamed to separated parents. According to Eschica (2010), children with separated parents do not perform well in school which is a very terrifying incident because a school that is an institution for learning is failing to deliver education. Thus, it merely becomes unproductive. 2.1.3 Marriage Marriage is also known to be the joining of two people in a promise that putatively lasts until death. According to (Psychology Today, 2012) as time passes by, there will be some changes regarding their attitude as well as their physical appearance causing that promise to be the other way around leading couples to divorce. In the southern island of Mindanao, Philippines a girl named Numina who was 14 when she married Sid, a 23yr old man. The two were very much close with each other. Because of this, people started jumping into conclusions and gossip flew all over their area triggering their family to insist them into marriage to prevent putting their family’s name into a bad reputation. In the report of (Tubeza, 2010) these trials being encountered by married couples caused the number of marriage annulment cases in the Philippines to rise by 40 percent in the last decade.

The Effects Of Broken Family On Academic Performance Of Children As Perceived By Grade 11 Students Of STI College Santa Rosa

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2.2 Foreign Literature and Studies 2.2.1 Poverty Poverty According to Alfred J. Kahn, a member of the Institute's National Advisory Committee since 1967, is professor of social policy and planning at the Columbia University School of Social Work. His recent work has dealt with international comparisons in the handling of social problems. Poverty reached the agendas of several major Western industrial societies in the latter part of the nineteenth century as researchers, journalists, novelists, religious reformers, social workers, and others began to document and report on the causal role of social and economic conditions. They attacked the notion that failure of people and their personal inadequacies were always at the root of economic disadvantage. Gradually "poverty" was distinguished from the moral category, "pauperism," and was counted. Charles Booth reported on London1 and Seebohm Rowntree on York before Robert Hunter3 and others surveyed U.S. cities. But a tradition was born. The U.S. antipoverty effort required a research capacity to provide needed intelligence and assessment in order to continually justify the societal response. The Institute for Research on Poverty was established for this purpose. Although a number of small antipoverty research "think tanks" came and went in West Europe, none had the IRP's sanction, mission, and scale-because none of the other countries had focused its social welfare strategy quite as sharply upon the antipoverty objective. Countries such as West Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark did not consider poverty as a large problem or good issue around which to shape policy research. Britain, France, and others did far more along these lines. In general, the relevant European research focused more on income distribution, redistribution, and equality as basic issues-and as subjects which were important to labor market policy and to debates about the size of social benefits. Many investigators studied the comparative adequacy of benefits (child allowance

value,

pension

replacement

rates,

unemployment

insurance

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replacement). The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed an important and continuing series of comparative studies on the tax benefit position of the average worker. 2.2.2 Socio Economic Status Based on the article by McLanahan and Sandefur (1994), the effects of singleparent family life on children fall into two categories: those attributed to the lower socioeconomic status of single parents and the short-term consequences of divorce. Four factors are predictive of children's adjustment to the divorce of their parents: the passage of time, the quality of the children's relationship with their present parent, the level of conflict between parents, and the economic standing of the children's family. In the first few years after a divorce, the children have higher rates of antisocial behavior, aggression, anxiety, and school problems than children in two parent families. 2.2.3 Gongla (1982) gave a common explanation for the problems found among the children of single parents has been the absence of a male adult in the family. The relationship between children and non-custodial fathers can be difficult. Fathers often become disinterested and detached from their children. In one study by Wallerstein and Blakeslee (1989), more than 60 percent of fathers either did not visit their children or had no contact with them for over a year. The loss of a father in the family can have implications beyond childhood . However, the lack of a male presence may not be as critical as the lack of a male income to the family. The economic deprivation of single-parent family life, in combination with other sources of strain and stress, is a major source of the problems experienced by both parents and children. However, some of these problems may be attributed to a decrease in available resources and adult super-vision; many of the negative effects disappear when there is adequate supervision, income, and continuity in social networks.

The Effects Of Broken Family On Academic Performance Of Children As Perceived By Grade 11 Students Of STI College Santa Rosa

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