Chapter 2- Biological Basis Of Human Behavior

Chapter 2: Biological Basis of Human Behavior John Hermes C. Untalan Instructor, General Psychology 1st Sem 08-09 De La Salle Araneta University Objectives • • • • • • •

Describe the nature of the basic structural unit of the nervous system in terms of its parts, types, functions, and other properties Explain how sensory and motor signals are conducted to and from the brain Discuss the divisions of the nervous system and the structures that form each division Point out the specialized functions of each cerebral hemispheres Enumerate the different neurotransmitter substances and their effects on behavior Enumerate the different endocrine glands and explain the role played by the endocrine system in controlling behavior Discuss the influences of hereditary units on behavior

THE NEURON

Neurogenesis development of the nervous system, during this time: • neurons are generated from undifferentiated stem cells; • the neurons migrate from the site where they were generated to their final positions; • the neurons aggregate into distinct brain regions; and • neurons begin to make connections among one another

Three Different Types of Neurons Sensory (Afferent) Neurons Carry messages from the body’s sense receptors to the CNS. Motor (Efferent) Neurons Carry signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands.

The Human Nervous System

Brain

Lumbar (5 pairs) Sacral (5 pairs) Coccygeal (1 pair)

Cerebrum (Telen.) Cerebellum (Meten.-Dorsal)

Peripheral Nervous System

Central Nervous System

Brain Stem

Medulla (Myelen.) Pons (Meten.-Ventral) Midbrain (Mesen.) Interbrain (Dien.) Spinal Cord

Cervical (8 pairs) Thoracic (12 pairs)

Somatic Nervous System Spinal Nerves (31 pairs) Cranial Nerves (12 pairs) Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic (excite) Parasympathetic (inhibit)

Interneurons Form all the neural wiring within the CNS which has two axons. One axon communicate with the spinal cord while the other with the skin or muscle.