Chapter 14 Sec 1

Chapter 14: Crisis and Absolutism in Europe Part I

Chapter 14 Summary ‡ Wars of the 16th century pitted Protestants against Catholics. ‡ From 1560 to 1650, wars and economic and social crises plagued Europe.

‡ European monarchs sought economic and political stability through absolutism and the divine right of kings.

‡ The people become concerned with order and power

he French Wars of Religion

‡ Calvinism and Catholicism had become militant (combative) religions by 1560. ‡ Their struggle for converts and against each other was the main cause

‡ The Huguenots were French Protestants influenced by John Calvin. ‡ Huguenots = 7% of the pop. And 50% of nobility, including the house of Bourbon

hltra Catholics Vs. Huguenots (Calvinistic Protestants) August 1572, during the French Wars for religion, Catholic party members decided to kill Protestant leaders gathered in Paris. ^



   

        
            
 
    

  

   

he French Wars of Religion (cont.)

‡ Townspeople were willing to help nobles weaken the monarchy - became a base of opposition against the Catholic king.

‡ Civil war raged for 30 years until in 1589, Henry of Navarre, leader of the Huguenots, succeeded to the throne as Henry IV. ‡ He issued the Edict in 1598.

of Nantes

‡ It recognized Catholicism as France¶s official religion, but gave the Huguenots the right to worship

Coronation of Henry IV

Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IV French King ± converts to Catholicism

Assassination of Henry IV Although he was a man of kindness, compassion and good humor, and was much loved by his people, Henry was the subject of attempts on his life by Pierre Barrière in August 1593 and Jean Châtel in December 1594. King Henry IV was ultimately assassinated in Paris on 14 May 1610 by a Catholic fanatic, François Ravaillac, who stabbed the king to death while his coach's progress was stopped by traffic congestion for the Queen's coronation ceremony, as depicted in the engraving by Gaspar Bouttats.

Philip II and Militant Catholicism

‡ King Philip II of Spain was the greatest supporter of militant Catholicism. ‡ He ruled from 1556 to 1598, period of greatness in Spain.

‡ Strict adherence to Catholicism and support for the monarchy. ‡ Spain - the nation God chose to save Catholic Christianity from the Protestant heretics.

³Most Catholic King´

Philip tried to use marriage as a political tool. Married Mary (England) ± Liz¶s sister




 
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Phillip II and Militant Catholicism

‡ Spain was the world¶s most populous empire when Philip¶s reign ended in 1598.

‡ It seemed a great power, but in reality Philip had bankrupted the country by spending too much on war. ‡ Real power shifted to England.

Flag of Spanish Army under Philip II

Who is the Queen of England?

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Henry VIII King of England

Catherine of Aragon 1st queen of King Henry VIII Could not bear a male heir to the throne

All Children died at childbirth except for Mary

Anne Boleyn ‡ In Catherine of Aragon¶s court ‡ Caught the µeye¶ of Henry VIII

‡ Bore the daughter Elizabeth ‡ Could not produce male heir - Anne Executed

Video: A princess becomes a queen

he England of Elizabeth ‡ Elizabeth udor ascended to the throne of England in 1558 as Elizabeth I. ‡ During her reign, this small island became the leader of the Protestant nations and laid the foundation for becoming a world empire. ‡ She tried to keep France and Spain from becoming too powerful by supporting first one and then the other, balancing their power.

he England of Elizabeth ‡ Intelligent, careful and self-confident she set to resolve religious conflict. ‡ Repealed laws favoring Catholics. ‡ The Act of Supremacy made her the ³only supreme governor´ of both church and state. ‡ She balanced the supremacy with moderate Protestantism that kept most people satisfied.

Video: Elizabeth¶s Reign

Show Elizabeth Movie Trailer

Philip¶s Plan to Overtake England and Restore Catholicism ‡ Mary Queen of Scots was Catholic and favored by Philip to be the new queen. ‡ he Babington Plot: Plan to have Elizabeth assassinated ‡ Mary Queen of Scots was implicated and put to death. ‡ In 1588, ordered the invasion, he believed God would protect Catholic Spain and provide them a victory.

he Spanish Armada!

³The invisible Spanish Armada´

Show Video Clip: ³Elizabeth Golden Age: Battle of the Armada´

he England of Elizabeth ‡ In 1588, Spain sent an armada±a fleet of warships±to invade England. ‡ Yet the fleet that sailed had neither the manpower nor the ships to be victorious. ‡ The Spanish fleet was battered in numerous encounters and finally sailed home by a northward route around Scotland and Ireland, where storms sank many ships.

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he Defeat of the Spanish Armada

Impact of the Defeat of the Armada

‡ Guaranteed that England would remain Protestant under Elizabeth I. ‡ Signaled the beginning of the decline for Spain¶s power. ‡ Helps pave the way for the ³Golden Age´ of Elizabeth where culture and life in England leads the world

Show video clip of actress Helen Mirren¶s Elizabeth Performance of the Speech at Tillbury

Show Golden Age Extended railer Clip from the movie.

Painting commemorates the English victory over the Spanish in the Spanish Armada.

Elizabeth¶s hand rests on the globe, signifying world power status.

Page 433 ± Queen Elizabeth¶s Golden Speech Show video clip of Elizabeth¶s Golden Speech

What makes a King or Queen Strong? What makes them a respected and powerful ruler?