Chapter 1 The First Humans

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Prehistory The time before the written word.

How do we find our past?

How do we find our past?

Toumai_Skull.asf (3:28)

Methods of Dating

Simple Methods of Dating Stratigraphy, Tree Rings, Road Cuts

Radio-Carbon Dating determines an object’s age by measuring the amount of C-14

AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) • Another name for Radio-Carbon Dating • Used for samples that are far tinier than that needed for standard radiocarbon dating • In AMS dating, researchers use an acceleratorbased mass spectrometer to count all the C14 atoms, rather than just those atoms which are decaying.

Blood Molecules

May survive Millions of years and yield DNA information

Thermo luminescence dating

determines an object’s age by measuring the light given off by electrons trapped in the surrounding soil

What do your notes look like?

David Duez August – Date WH – Period ___ Topic: Chapter 1 “The First Humans”

Prehistory How do we find our past?



The time before the written word.

Simple Methods of Dating:

4. 5. 6.

Stratigraphy Tree Cuts Road Cuts

Early Hominids

Hominids: Having Human Characteristics

Archaeology The study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind them

Artifacts

tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings & household items left behind by early

Oldest Hominid Remains Found in

Olduvai Gorge East Africa

Mary Leakey

PAGE 18

Louis Leakey

Leakey Legacy

“Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light.” -Richard Leakey

Their son Richard Leakey discovers an Australopithicus skull

Newsweek July 22, 2002

Australopithecus

Australopithicus footprints

Laetoli_Footprints.asf (2:16)

Fossils

A remnant or impression of an organism from a past geologic age that has been preserved in the

Australopithecus Discovered by

Donald Johanson 3-4 million years old

What Lucy Looked Like…

Australopithecus

First upright hominid

“southern apes”

Australopithecus_Afarensis.asf

Homo erectus

“upright human being”, a species that emerged around 1.5 nd million years ago; 2 stage of early human development

Homo erectus, cont. Learned to use fire to keep warm in colder areas

Homo sapiens “wise human being”

a species that emerged around rd 250,000 years ago; 3 stage in human development

Homo sapiens sapiens “wise, wise human being”

a species that appeared in Africa between 150,000 & 200,000 years ago

Homo sapiens sapiens

they were the first anatomically modern humans WE BELONG TO THIS GROUP TODAY.

Paleolithic Age

from the Greek for “Old Stone”

the early period of human history, from approximately 2.5 million to 10,000 B.C., humans used simple stone tools

Lifestyle Hunter-gathering

Drawbacks to Hunting & Gathering

1. 2. 3. 4.

Food sources dry up No storage Isolation Short lifespan

Major advances •Mastery of fire •Language

Technology

Art

Lascaux Cave

ROCK ART PROJECT • Rough Draft Project due in class Tuesday

Section 2: Neolithic Revolution & Rise of Civilizations

New technology

New Technology Pottery Improved tools (metal working)

Use of Metals

Marked a new level of human control over their environment

THE END

Rise of Villages

6 characteristics of Civilizations •1. Cities •2. Government •3. Religion •4. Social structure •5. Art •6. Writing

Neolithic Age

•Development of Cities •Mastered the art of farming •More complex societies

High Point of Neolithic Age

•Catal Huyuk, located in modernday Turkey, high point from 6700 to 5700 B.C.

Earliest Writing Cuneiforms

Food surpluses made it possible for people to do things other than farming •Artisans – a skilled craftsperson who makes products such as weapons & jewelry

•scribes

End of the Neolithic Age •Copper, then Bronze tools led to the Bronze Age

End of the Neolithic Age •Between 4000 & 3000 B.C. •The use of metals marked a new level of human control over the environment & its

Bronze Sword

Essay Questions

1. Describe some of the dramatic changes that took place during the Neolithic Revolution and the consequences.

Essay Questions

2. Explain how the roles of men and women changed from the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Age.

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