Chapter 1 : Introduction To Biology 1.1the Study Of Biology

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY 1.1THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY -Biology (Greek) – `Bios’ = Life + - `logos’ = Study =>Biology = Study of life Importance of Biology 1. Improved understanding on functions of organisms 2. Improved understanding on causes of disease 3. Finding treatment for diseases 4. Improved understanding on ecology 5. Better management on environmental problems 6. Improved quality and production of food Fields of biological Fields Anatomy Botany Biotechnology Biochemistry Ecology Genetics Medicine Microbiology Physiology Taxonomy Zoology

research Study of.... Internal parts of living things Plants Applied biology in industry Structure & function of chemical component in living organism Relationship between living things and the environment Heredity and variation The study and treatment of diseases Microorganisms Mechanical , physical and biochemical functions of living things Identifying , classifying and naming living things Animals

Approaches to study Biology By understanding... 1) The basic needs of a cell or an organism 2) Obstacles faced by a cell or an organism 3) The strategies of a cell or an organism to overcome the Obstacles 1.1THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION -Learning Biology requires the use of scientific skills Scientific skills ÷ – Science process skills = Critical ,Analytical & Creative thinking - Manipulative skills = Psychomotor skills -Scientific Method = A process of obtaining facts about a phenomenon using a method recognised by the scientific community

Steps involved in scientific investigation No Steps Explaination 1 Identifying a Problem -Observing a specific phenomenon and questioning 2 Forming a Hypothesis Hypothesis -General statement based on an observed event / preliminary explaination -Validity must be tested by conducting an Experiment -Link Manipulative & Responding variables 3 Planning the -Collecting relevant information on Experiment experiment -Determine apparatus & materials -Planning procedures of experiment 4 Identifying & a)Manipulated variable Controlling Variables -Independent , set at different values to test a hypothesis b)Responding variable -Dependent , outcome of an experiment due to changes in manipulated variable c)Constant variable -Factors that can affect the outcome of an experiment and must be kept constant throughout the experiment 5 Conducting the -can be repeated to get precise and Experiment reliable results 6 Collecting Data -Data obtained from observation and Measurement -Data can be presented in a form of... a)Table : with quantity measured & units b)Graph : at least 5 readings relating manipulated & responding variables c)Diagrams with labels & title 7 Analysing Data -may include calculations (if any) 8 Interpreting Data -Relationship between manipulated & responding variable is determined

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Drawing conclusion

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Writing a Report

-Short & Simple -State whether the result support or refute the Hypothesis -If experiment failed, give proper reasons (Refer to framework given: PEKA)