Chap5

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﻮدة ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻂ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ و ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل‬ ‫‪Acceptance Sampling Plans‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻴﺸـﻮﻥﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻥﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤ -‬‬ ‫‪[email protected]‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫“ ﺕﻘﺘﻨﻲ اﻟﺸﺮآﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺨﺎم أو ﻣﻮاد ﻥﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻌﺔ )أو آﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر أﺧﺮى ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺕﺼﻨﻴﻌﻬﺎ أو ﺕﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺹﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫“ إن اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺝﻮدة هﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﻮرﻳﺪات )اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺎت( اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺕﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺿﺮوري ﻟﺠﻮدة ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫“ و ﻳﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺝﻮدة هﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﻮرﻳﺪات )أي‬ ‫ﺏﺈﺝﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺕﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﺠﻮدة(‪.‬‬ ‫“ آﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ آﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺮاﺡﻞ اﻻﻥﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻋﻦ ﺝﻮدة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺕﺴﻮﻳﻘﻪ إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺟﻮدة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﺎج‬

‫اﻟﻤﺪﺥﻼت‬

‫ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺹﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫‪ /‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬

‫ﻥﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬

‫ﻣﺎدة ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻥﺼﻒ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ‬

‫ﺥﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺥﻄﻂ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬

‫ﺥﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬

‫ﺥﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺥﻄﻂ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬

‫ﺟﻮدة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫ﺟﻮدة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺟﻮدة اﻟﻤﺪﺥﻼت‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺏﺎﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت )ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل(‬ ‫‪Acceptance Sampling‬‬

‫“ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل هﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ و اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻋﻦ ﺝﻮدة اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ )ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎم‪ ،‬ﻥﺼﻒ ﻣﺼﻨﻌﺔ او ﻣﺼﻨﻌﺔ( و آﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫“‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺨﺎم أو ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮردة‪.‬‬

‫“ ﻃﺮیﻘﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫“‬

‫“‬ ‫“‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﺕﺆﺧﺬ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ واﺡﺪة أو ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﺏﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮردة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻥﻘﻮم ﺏﻔﺤﺺ وﺡﺪات اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻥﺘﺨﺬ اﻟﻘﺮار ﺏﻘﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ أو رﻓﻀﻬﺎ آﻠﻬﺎ ﺏﻨﺎءا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻥﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺏﺎﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت )ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل(‬ ‫‪Acceptance Sampling‬‬

‫ﺡﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ‪n :‬‬ ‫اﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ و‬ ‫اﺡﺴﺐ ﻋﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫‪sampling‬‬

‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ‪c :‬‬ ‫‪Acceptance number‬‬

‫ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫رﻓﺾ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ هﻲ ﺧﻄﻂ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت ؟‬ ‫‪Sampling Plans‬‬

‫“ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺝﺮاءات ﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ أو اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫“ ﺕﺴﻤﺢ ﺧﻄﻂ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ﺏﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫“‬

‫ﻥﻮع اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫“‬

‫ﺡﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ )ﻋﺪد اﻟﻮﺡﺪات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ(‬

‫“‬

‫اﻟﺸﺮط ) )‪ (criteria (c‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺮﻓﺾ أو ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻥﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻪ ﺏﻌﺪد اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ) ‪. (Acceptance Number c‬‬

‫)‪(n‬‬

‫“ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن هﻨﺎك ﺕﻔﺎهﻢ ﺏﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺨﺎم و‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺧﻮاص ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬

‫‪Operating Characteristics Curve‬‬ ‫“ و هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﺡﺘﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﺪﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺏﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﺐ ﻣﺤﺪدة و ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺕﺤﺖ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫“ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ هﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻣﻘﺪرة ﺧﻄﻂ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺏﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮردة اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ و اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮﺿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫“‬

‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺏﻴﻦ اﺡﺘﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ و ﺝﻮدﺕﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺧﻮاص ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ‪%١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪Operating Characteristics Curve 100% Inspection‬‬

‫اﺡﺘﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ آﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫)‪P(Accept Whole Shipment‬‬

‫‪100%‬‬

‫ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ آﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫رﻓﺾ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ آﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫‪9 10‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺏﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ ‪Cut-Off‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0%‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺧﻮاص ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪%١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪O C Curve with less than 100% Inspection‬‬

‫اﺡﺘﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ آﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫اﺡﺘﻤﺎل = ‪% ١٠٠‬‬

‫)‪P(Accept Whole Shipment‬‬

‫وﺝﻮد ﻣﺠﺎزﻓﺔ ﺏﻘﺒﻮل ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺎت ﺳﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫أو رﻓﺾ ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺎت ﺝﻴﺪة اﻟﺠﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫‪100%‬‬

‫ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫آﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫رﻓﺾ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ آﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Cut-Off‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0%‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬

‫ﻥﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل )‪ (AQL‬و ﻥﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺏﻪ )‪(LTPD‬‬ ‫“ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل )‪: (Acceptable Quality Level AQL‬‬ ‫“ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﻮدة ﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ ﺝﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫“ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ )اﻟﻤﻮرد( ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ رﻓﺾ ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺎت ﺏﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﻴﻮب أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل ‪.AQL‬‬

‫“ ﻥﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺏﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ )‬ ‫)‪:( (LTPD‬‬

‫‪Lot tolerance percent defective‬‬

‫“ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺝﻮدة ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫“ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ )اﻟﺸﺎري( ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺎت ﺏﻌﻴﻮب أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻥﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬

‫‪LTPD‬‬

‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ‪ Producer’s Risk‬و‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ‪Consumer’s Risk‬‬ ‫“ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ )‪(α‬‬ ‫“ اﺡﺘﻤﺎل رﻓﺾ ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺔ ذات ﺝﻮدة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫“ اﺡﺘﻤﺎل رﻓﺾ ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻥﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ ﺕﺴﺎوي ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل ‪AQL‬‬

‫“ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ )‪(ß‬‬ ‫“ اﺡﺘﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻮل ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺔ ذات ﺝﻮدة ﺳﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫“ اﺡﺘﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻮل ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻥﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ ﺕﺴﺎوي ﻥﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺏﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ ‪LTPD‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺧﻮاص ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ )‪ (OC curve‬ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل ‪α = 0.05 AQL‬‬

‫‪75‬‬

‫‪50‬‬

‫اﺡﺘﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺱﻴﺌﺔ‬

‫‪١٢‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪LTPD‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Indifference zone‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪AQL‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪة‬

‫‪β= 0.10‬‬

‫‪ 0 0‬ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‬ ‫ل ‪LTPD‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺧﻮاص ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻻﺙﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺥﻄﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﺵﺮط اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ‪c = 1 :‬‬ ‫‪n = 100, c = 2‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7 8 9 10‬‬ ‫‪LTPD‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ ‪%‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪3 4‬‬ ‫‪AQL‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0%‬‬

‫اﺡﺘﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻮل آﻞ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ ‪P :‬‬

‫ﺡﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ‪n = 50 :‬‬

‫‪100%‬‬

‫‪OC curve for two possible acceptance sampling plans‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺧﻮاص ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻂ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪Operating Curve‬‬ ‫‪100%‬‬ ‫‪80%‬‬

‫‪c=0‬‬

‫‪70%‬‬

‫‪c=1‬‬

‫‪60%‬‬

‫‪c=2‬‬

‫‪50%‬‬

‫‪c=3‬‬

‫‪40%‬‬ ‫‪30%‬‬ ‫‪20%‬‬ ‫‪10%‬‬

‫‪0%‬‬ ‫‪0.00% 0.02% 0.04% 0.06% 0.08% 0.10% 0.12% 0.14%‬‬ ‫‪Expected proportion of defectives‬‬

‫‪١٤‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬

‫)‪Probability of acceptance: P(.‬‬

‫‪90%‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪Average Outgoing Quality AOQ‬‬

‫“ ﺏﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﻄﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺤﺪث رﻓﺾ ﺏﻌﺾ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺎت إذا زاد ﻋﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺡﺪات اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺏﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺏﺎﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﻮﺡﺪات اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺒﺔ ﺏﻮﺡﺪات ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬و هﻨﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ آﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮف اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ )اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ(‪.‬‬ ‫“ ﻣﺘﻮﺱﻂ اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ‪ :‬هﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻥﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺝﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺏﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻮل و آﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫رﻓﻀﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺙﻢ اﺳﺘﺒﺪﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻮﺡﺪات اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺒﺔ ﺏﻮﺡﺪات أﺧﺮى ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪Average Outgoing Quality AOQ‬‬

‫) ‪( Pd )( Pa )( N − n‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫= ‪AOQ‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ = ‪Pd‬‬ ‫اﺡﺘﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ = ‪Pa‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻮﺡﺪات اﻻﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ = ‪N‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻮﺡﺪات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺤﻮﺻﺔ = ‪n‬‬ ‫‪ : AOQ‬ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺱﻂ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺐ و ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻥﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬

‫أﻥﻮاع ﺧﻄﻂ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺏﺎﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬ ‫“‬

‫ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻷﺡﺎدﻳﺔ‬

‫‪Single sampling plan by attributes‬‬

‫‪Classification of acceptance sampling plans‬‬ ‫‪Acceptance sampling plans‬‬

‫“‬

‫ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫‪By variables‬‬

‫‪By attributes‬‬

‫‪Double sampling plan by attributes‬‬ ‫‪Item sampling‬‬

‫“ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫)اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ(‬ ‫‪Sequential sampling plan‬‬

‫‪Single‬‬ ‫‪Double, multiple‬‬ ‫‪Sequential‬‬ ‫‪Bulk sampling‬‬

‫‪١٧‬‬

‫ﺕﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺏﺎﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺠﻮدة‬ ‫“ ﻳﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﻔﺎهﻢ ﺏﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ و اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫“ ﻳﺤﺎول آﻞ ﻃﺮف اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ و اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ و هﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺡﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺤﻮﺹﺔ ‪ n‬و رﻗﻢ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ‪. c‬‬ ‫“ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ o‬اﻟﺠﺪاول اﻟﺤﺮﺏﻴﺔ ‪MIL-STD-105D‬‬ ‫‪ o‬ﺝﺪاول دودج روﻣﻨﺞ ‪Dodge Romig Tables‬‬ ‫‪ o‬اﻟﻘﻮاﻥﻴﻦ اﻹﺡﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪Statistical Formulas‬‬

‫‪١٨‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺹﻔﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺹﺔ ﺏﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬ ISO 2859

- 0:1995

Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Introduction to the ISO 2859 attribute sampling system

-- Part 0:

ISO 2859

- 1:1999

Sampling procedures for inspection by attri Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot - by - lot inspection

-- Part 1:

ISO 2859 ISO 2859

- 1:1999/Cor 1:2001 - 2:1985

Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Sampling plans indexed by limiting quality (LQ) for isolated lot i nspection

-- Part 2:

ISO 2859

- 3:1991

Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Skip - lot sampling procedures

-- Part 3:

ISO 2859

- 4:2002

Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Procedures for assessment of declared quality levels

-- Part 4:

butes

ISO 3951:1989

Sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables for percent nonconforming

ISO 8422:1991

Sequential sampling plans for inspection by attributes

ISO 8422:1991/Cor 1:1993 ISO 8423:1991

Sequential sampling plans for inspection by variables for percent nonconforming (known stan dard deviation)

ISO 8423:1991/Cor 1:1993 ISO/TR 8550:1994

Guide for the selection of an acceptance sampling system, scheme or plan for inspection of discrete items in lots

ISO 10725:2000

Acceptance sampling plans and procedures for the inspection of bulk materials

ISO 11648

- 1:2003

Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials 1: General principles

-- Part

ISO 11648

- 2:2001

Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials 2: Sampling of particulate materials

-- Part

‫ﺟﺰاآﻢ اﷲ ﺥﻴﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺡﺴﻦ اﻻﺱﺘﻤﺎع‬

‫هﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺱﺌﻠﺔ ؟‬

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