Ch25 Inverts) Part 2
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Animals: The Invertebrates Part 2
Cone Snails
Cone Snail Radula
Videos: Cone Snails http://grimwade.biochem.unimelb.ed
u.au/cone/about.html
Body Plan of a Clam mouth
left mantle retractor muscle
retractor muscle
foot palps
left gill
shell Figure 25.21 Page 429
Cephalopods Only
the nautilus retains external
shell Other
cephalopods are streamlined, active swimmers
All
move by jet propulsion
– Water is forced out of mantle cavity through a funnel-shaped siphon Have
size
large brains relative to body
Cuttlefish Body Plan Closed circulatory system with heart and accessory heart esophagus digestive kidney stomach gland
Figure 25.22 Page 429 brain arm jaw
tentacle
mantle reproductive internal siphon ink sac heart accessory organ shell radula anus gill heart
Video: Unknown deep-sea squid recorded by Tiburon http://www.mbari.org/news/news_re
leases/2001/dec21_clague/Squid_clo seup.mov
Question 20 20.
Name three characteristics of mollusks.
Answer 20 20. Name three characteristics of mollusks. Bilateral, soft-bodied, coelomate Most have a shell or reduced version of one Mantle drapes over body and secretes shell Most have a fleshy foot Many have a radula for shredding food
Question 21 21.
Name three classes of mollusks.
Answer 21 21.
Name three classes of mollusks.
Gastropods Chitins Bivalves Cephalopods
Question 22 22.
What is torsion? To which class of mollusks does it pertain?
Answer 22 22.
What is torsion? To which class of mollusks does it pertain?
Torsion:
the rotation of the visceral mass so that the anus is in a “forward” position.
Gastropods
(snails)
Question 23 23.
do?
In bivalves, what does the “foot”
Answer 23 23.
In bivalves, what does the “foot”
do? It is used to “dig” into the substrate.
Question 24 24.
Which mollusks use” jet” propulsion as a means of locomotion?
Answer 24 24.
Which mollusks use” jet” propulsion as a means of locomotion? cephalopods
Annelids: Phylum Annelida Segmented, coelomate worms
Class Polychaeta
Class Oligochaeta
Class Hirudinea
Polychaetes “jaws” Most
are marine Bristles extend from paired, fleshy parapods on each segment Head end is specialized
toothlike structures pharynx (everted) antenna palp (food handling) tentacle eyes chemicalsensing pit
parapod Fig. 25.24c Page 430
Leeches - Class Hirudinea Predators Less
and parasites
obvious body
segmentation Most
have sharp jaws
Leech Body Plan
http://www.micrographia.com/specbiol/helmint/annelhom/hiru0100/ol654waw.htm
Hirudin: Anticoagulant
“Hirudin: An anticoagulant ("bloodthinner"). Hirudin is the active principle in the salivary secretion of leeches. The name hirudin is from Hirudo medicinalis, the name of the medicinal leech. In 1884 John Haycraft in Strasbourg found that leeches contained a substance with anticoagulant properties. This anticoagulant in leech saliva was isolated in the 1950s and found to be an antithrombin (an inhibitor of thrombin). The primary chemical structure of hirudin was determined in 1976. The anticoagulant drugs desirudin and lepirudin (brand name: Refludan) are genetically engineered recombinant forms of hirudin.”
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3762
Leech Toon
Earthworm - An Oligochaete No parapodia, few bristles per segment Dorsal blood vessel Circular muscle Coelom
Longitudinal muscle
Nephridium
Nerve cord
Figure 25.25a Page 431
Seta (retracted) Nerve cord
Earthworm Nephridium bladderlike storage region of nephridium
nephridium’s thin loop reabsorbs some solutes, relinquishes them to blood blood vessels
body wall
funnel (coelomic fluid with waste enters here)
external pore (fluid containing wastes discharged here)
Figure 25.25b Page 431
Earthworm Circulatory System
Hearts
Figure 25.25c Page 431
Earthworm Digestive System
Coelomic chambers
Esophagus
Crop
Gizzard
Pharynx
Mouth
Figure 25.25d Page 431
Earthworm Nervous System Brain
Nerve cord
Figure 25.25e Page 431
Non-Aging Worm, Aeolosoma tenebrarum
“Shows no increase in mortality rates with aging.” http://www.biotech.missouri.edu/Dauer-World/Aging/Oligochaete.html
Kinabalu National Park Kinabalu
National Park - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wilson’s Promontory National Park
Giant Gippsland Earthworm Megascolides australis 80
cm is common, but may be 5 m long!
Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus americanus)
Driloleirus americanus is a large, pinkish-white earthworm as much as 3 feet long, said to smell like lilies when handled. Threatened by habitat loss (Palouse bunchgrass prairie) and non-native worm species. During summer droughts, the worms dug burrows as deep as 15 feet.
Question 25 25.
To which phylum do earthworms belong?
Answer 25 25.
To which phylum do earthworms belong?
Annelida
Question 26 26.
What are three characteristics that distinguish earthworms from nematodes?
Answer 26 26.
What are three characteristics that distinguish earthworms from nematodes?
Closed
circulatory system, segmentation, coelomate, setae
Question 27 27.
What the three classes of annelida?
Answer 27 27.
What the three classes of annelida?
Class Polychaeta
Class Oligochaeta
Class Hirudinea
Arthropods: (Stop!!!!) Phylum Arthropoda The
phylum with the greatest number of species
Four
lineages:
– Trilobites (all extinct) – Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions) – Crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, barnacles) – Uniramians (insects, centipedes,
Adaptations for Success
Hardened exoskeleton
Jointed appendages
Fused and modified segments
Respiratory structures
Specialized sensory structures
Division of labor
Do not post on Internet
Figure 25.26 Page 432
Question 28 28. What is the name for the phylum that contains spiders, crabs and insects?
Answer 28 28. What is the name for the phylum that contains spiders, crabs and insects? What does the term literally mean? Arthropoda “jointed legs”
Question 29 29. Name two lineages of arthropoda.
Answer 29 29. Name two linages of arthropoda. – Trilobites (all extinct) – Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions) – Crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, barnacles) – Uniramians (insects, centipedes, millipedes)
Chelicerates Originated
in seas
A
few are still marine: horseshoe crabs, sea spiders
The
arachnids are all terrestrial
Spiders
Mites
Scorpions
Chiggers
“Daddy longlegs”
Ticks
Body Plan of a Spider eye
brain
heart digestive gland Malpighian tubule
poison gland
book lung ovary silk gland pedipalp
mouth
sperm receptacle
anus spinners
chelicera Figure 25.28 Page 433
Crustaceans
Most are marine, some freshwater, a few terrestrial
Copepods
Head has two pairs of antenna, three pairs of foodhandling appendages
Lobsters
Crayfish Barnacles Shrimps Crabs Isopods (pillbugs) Amphipods Ostracods
Lobster Body Plan
one of two eyes
antennae (two pairs)
fused segments of cephalothorax
segments of abdomen
food-handling appendages (three pairs)
swimmerets
tail fin
first leg five walking legs (five pairs total)
Figure 25.29a Page 434
Crab Life Cycle Larval and juvenile stages molt repeatedly and grow in size egg
Figure 25.30 Page 435
Important Pond Crustaceans Copepods (Phylum: Arthropoda) Most have a single medial eye The head and part of the thorax is covered by a cephalosome Most are free living and microscopic The class, Copepoda, contains 10 orders Copepods are primary consumers
Typical Copepod Body Plan
http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/crust/copbiol.html
Ostracods These crustaceans live in freshwater, brackish and marine environments Ostracods are primary consumers They have seven pairs of appendages attached to a head and thorax Their bodies are covered with a carapace, similar in shape to a clam shell
Ostracod Morphology
Ostracod Photos
Often called “Seed Shrimp”
Decapods These crustaceans have 5 pairs of walking legs Decapods include the freshwater crayfish and shrimp Refer to the “Lobster Diagram” for morphology
Video: Crayfish http://agnews.tamu.edu/dailynews/s
tories/WFSC/video/Oct0801a.rm
Question 30 30. Name two common pond crustaceans.
Answer 30 30. Name two common pond crustaceans. Crayfish (decapoda) Copepods Ostracods
Question 31 31.
Crustaceans have two/three pairs of antennae and two/three pair of food getting appendages.
Answer 31 Crustaceans have two/three pairs of antennae and two/three pairs of food getting appendages.
31.
Millipedes and Centipedes (Uniramians) Segmented
bodies with many legs
Millipedes
– Two pairs of legs per “segment” – Scavengers Centipedes
– Flattened, with one pair of legs per segment – Predators
Insect Body Plan Thorax
usually has three pairs of legs and one or two pairs of wings Abdomen contains most internal organs and specialized structure for reproduction Three-part gut Malpighian
tubules attach to midgut and serve in elimination of wastes
Insect Body Plan
Insect Headparts Butterfly
Mosquito
Grasshopper antenna
labrum
mandible
Fly
maxilla palps
labium Figure 25.32 Page 436
Insect Diversity The
only winged invertebrates
More
Most
than 800,000 known species
successful species are small in size and have a great reproductive capacity
Types of Insect Development
Growth and molting
egg
adult
young
Incomplete metamorphosis
Different stages exploit different resources at different times egg
adult
nymphs
Complete metamorphosis
egg
larvae
pupa
adult
Unwelcome Arthropods Poisonous
spiders Disease-carrying ticks Venomous scorpions Agricultural pests
Do not post on Internet
Corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera)
Figure 25.38 Page 439
Question 32 32.
Insects and the two/three pairs of legs and usually have two/three pairs of wings.
Answer 32 Insects and the two/three pairs of legs and usually have two/three pairs of wings.
32.
Echinoderms
Deuterostomes
Body wall has spines or plates
No brain
Adults are radial withSea urchin bilateral features
Do not post photos on Internet
Sea cucumber
Brittle star
Figure 25.39 Page 440
Echinoderm Diversity
Crinoids (sea lilies and feather stars)
Sea stars
Brittle stars
Sea urchins, heart urchins, sand dollars
Sea cucumbers
Body Plan of a Sea Star sieve plate
gonad
coelom
anus upper stomach lower stomach
digestive gland eyespot
Figure 25.40a Page 441
Water Vascular System sieve plate
ampulla
Figure 25.40b Page 441
Question 33 33.
To which phylum do starfish and sea urchins belong?
Answer 33 33.
To which phylum do starfish and sea urchins belong?
Echinodermata
Question 34 34.
What are three characteristics of the echinoderms?
Answer 34 34.
What are three characteristics of the echinoderms?
Deuterostomes
bilateral/radial symmetry no brain water vascular system “spiny skins”
Question 35 35.
What are three types of echinoderms?
Answer 35
35. What are three types of echinoderms?
Crinoids (sea lilies and feather stars)
Sea stars
Brittle stars
Sea urchins, heart urchins, sand dollars
Sea cucumbers
New Zealand Giant Squid Giant Lobster Invades Playground
Not Kidding! 22 pounds!
Cone Snails
Cone Snail Radula
Videos: Cone Snails http://grimwade.biochem.unimelb.ed
u.au/cone/about.html
Body Plan of a Clam mouth
left mantle retractor muscle
retractor muscle
foot palps
left gill
shell Figure 25.21 Page 429
Cephalopods Only
the nautilus retains external
shell Other
cephalopods are streamlined, active swimmers
All
move by jet propulsion
– Water is forced out of mantle cavity through a funnel-shaped siphon Have
size
large brains relative to body
Cuttlefish Body Plan Closed circulatory system with heart and accessory heart esophagus digestive kidney stomach gland
Figure 25.22 Page 429 brain arm jaw
tentacle
mantle reproductive internal siphon ink sac heart accessory organ shell radula anus gill heart
Video: Unknown deep-sea squid recorded by Tiburon http://www.mbari.org/news/news_re
leases/2001/dec21_clague/Squid_clo seup.mov
Question 20 20.
Name three characteristics of mollusks.
Answer 20 20. Name three characteristics of mollusks. Bilateral, soft-bodied, coelomate Most have a shell or reduced version of one Mantle drapes over body and secretes shell Most have a fleshy foot Many have a radula for shredding food
Question 21 21.
Name three classes of mollusks.
Answer 21 21.
Name three classes of mollusks.
Gastropods Chitins Bivalves Cephalopods
Question 22 22.
What is torsion? To which class of mollusks does it pertain?
Answer 22 22.
What is torsion? To which class of mollusks does it pertain?
Torsion:
the rotation of the visceral mass so that the anus is in a “forward” position.
Gastropods
(snails)
Question 23 23.
do?
In bivalves, what does the “foot”
Answer 23 23.
In bivalves, what does the “foot”
do? It is used to “dig” into the substrate.
Question 24 24.
Which mollusks use” jet” propulsion as a means of locomotion?
Answer 24 24.
Which mollusks use” jet” propulsion as a means of locomotion? cephalopods
Annelids: Phylum Annelida Segmented, coelomate worms
Class Polychaeta
Class Oligochaeta
Class Hirudinea
Polychaetes “jaws” Most
are marine Bristles extend from paired, fleshy parapods on each segment Head end is specialized
toothlike structures pharynx (everted) antenna palp (food handling) tentacle eyes chemicalsensing pit
parapod Fig. 25.24c Page 430
Leeches - Class Hirudinea Predators Less
and parasites
obvious body
segmentation Most
have sharp jaws
Leech Body Plan
http://www.micrographia.com/specbiol/helmint/annelhom/hiru0100/ol654waw.htm
Hirudin: Anticoagulant
“Hirudin: An anticoagulant ("bloodthinner"). Hirudin is the active principle in the salivary secretion of leeches. The name hirudin is from Hirudo medicinalis, the name of the medicinal leech. In 1884 John Haycraft in Strasbourg found that leeches contained a substance with anticoagulant properties. This anticoagulant in leech saliva was isolated in the 1950s and found to be an antithrombin (an inhibitor of thrombin). The primary chemical structure of hirudin was determined in 1976. The anticoagulant drugs desirudin and lepirudin (brand name: Refludan) are genetically engineered recombinant forms of hirudin.”
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3762
Leech Toon
Earthworm - An Oligochaete No parapodia, few bristles per segment Dorsal blood vessel Circular muscle Coelom
Longitudinal muscle
Nephridium
Nerve cord
Figure 25.25a Page 431
Seta (retracted) Nerve cord
Earthworm Nephridium bladderlike storage region of nephridium
nephridium’s thin loop reabsorbs some solutes, relinquishes them to blood blood vessels
body wall
funnel (coelomic fluid with waste enters here)
external pore (fluid containing wastes discharged here)
Figure 25.25b Page 431
Earthworm Circulatory System
Hearts
Figure 25.25c Page 431
Earthworm Digestive System
Coelomic chambers
Esophagus
Crop
Gizzard
Pharynx
Mouth
Figure 25.25d Page 431
Earthworm Nervous System Brain
Nerve cord
Figure 25.25e Page 431
Non-Aging Worm, Aeolosoma tenebrarum
“Shows no increase in mortality rates with aging.” http://www.biotech.missouri.edu/Dauer-World/Aging/Oligochaete.html
Kinabalu National Park Kinabalu
National Park - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wilson’s Promontory National Park
Giant Gippsland Earthworm Megascolides australis 80
cm is common, but may be 5 m long!
Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus americanus)
Driloleirus americanus is a large, pinkish-white earthworm as much as 3 feet long, said to smell like lilies when handled. Threatened by habitat loss (Palouse bunchgrass prairie) and non-native worm species. During summer droughts, the worms dug burrows as deep as 15 feet.
Question 25 25.
To which phylum do earthworms belong?
Answer 25 25.
To which phylum do earthworms belong?
Annelida
Question 26 26.
What are three characteristics that distinguish earthworms from nematodes?
Answer 26 26.
What are three characteristics that distinguish earthworms from nematodes?
Closed
circulatory system, segmentation, coelomate, setae
Question 27 27.
What the three classes of annelida?
Answer 27 27.
What the three classes of annelida?
Class Polychaeta
Class Oligochaeta
Class Hirudinea
Arthropods: (Stop!!!!) Phylum Arthropoda The
phylum with the greatest number of species
Four
lineages:
– Trilobites (all extinct) – Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions) – Crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, barnacles) – Uniramians (insects, centipedes,
Adaptations for Success
Hardened exoskeleton
Jointed appendages
Fused and modified segments
Respiratory structures
Specialized sensory structures
Division of labor
Do not post on Internet
Figure 25.26 Page 432
Question 28 28. What is the name for the phylum that contains spiders, crabs and insects?
Answer 28 28. What is the name for the phylum that contains spiders, crabs and insects? What does the term literally mean? Arthropoda “jointed legs”
Question 29 29. Name two lineages of arthropoda.
Answer 29 29. Name two linages of arthropoda. – Trilobites (all extinct) – Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions) – Crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, barnacles) – Uniramians (insects, centipedes, millipedes)
Chelicerates Originated
in seas
A
few are still marine: horseshoe crabs, sea spiders
The
arachnids are all terrestrial
Spiders
Mites
Scorpions
Chiggers
“Daddy longlegs”
Ticks
Body Plan of a Spider eye
brain
heart digestive gland Malpighian tubule
poison gland
book lung ovary silk gland pedipalp
mouth
sperm receptacle
anus spinners
chelicera Figure 25.28 Page 433
Crustaceans
Most are marine, some freshwater, a few terrestrial
Copepods
Head has two pairs of antenna, three pairs of foodhandling appendages
Lobsters
Crayfish Barnacles Shrimps Crabs Isopods (pillbugs) Amphipods Ostracods
Lobster Body Plan
one of two eyes
antennae (two pairs)
fused segments of cephalothorax
segments of abdomen
food-handling appendages (three pairs)
swimmerets
tail fin
first leg five walking legs (five pairs total)
Figure 25.29a Page 434
Crab Life Cycle Larval and juvenile stages molt repeatedly and grow in size egg
Figure 25.30 Page 435
Important Pond Crustaceans Copepods (Phylum: Arthropoda) Most have a single medial eye The head and part of the thorax is covered by a cephalosome Most are free living and microscopic The class, Copepoda, contains 10 orders Copepods are primary consumers
Typical Copepod Body Plan
http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/crust/copbiol.html
Ostracods These crustaceans live in freshwater, brackish and marine environments Ostracods are primary consumers They have seven pairs of appendages attached to a head and thorax Their bodies are covered with a carapace, similar in shape to a clam shell
Ostracod Morphology
Ostracod Photos
Often called “Seed Shrimp”
Decapods These crustaceans have 5 pairs of walking legs Decapods include the freshwater crayfish and shrimp Refer to the “Lobster Diagram” for morphology
Video: Crayfish http://agnews.tamu.edu/dailynews/s
tories/WFSC/video/Oct0801a.rm
Question 30 30. Name two common pond crustaceans.
Answer 30 30. Name two common pond crustaceans. Crayfish (decapoda) Copepods Ostracods
Question 31 31.
Crustaceans have two/three pairs of antennae and two/three pair of food getting appendages.
Answer 31 Crustaceans have two/three pairs of antennae and two/three pairs of food getting appendages.
31.
Millipedes and Centipedes (Uniramians) Segmented
bodies with many legs
Millipedes
– Two pairs of legs per “segment” – Scavengers Centipedes
– Flattened, with one pair of legs per segment – Predators
Insect Body Plan Thorax
usually has three pairs of legs and one or two pairs of wings Abdomen contains most internal organs and specialized structure for reproduction Three-part gut Malpighian
tubules attach to midgut and serve in elimination of wastes
Insect Body Plan
Insect Headparts Butterfly
Mosquito
Grasshopper antenna
labrum
mandible
Fly
maxilla palps
labium Figure 25.32 Page 436
Insect Diversity The
only winged invertebrates
More
Most
than 800,000 known species
successful species are small in size and have a great reproductive capacity
Types of Insect Development
Growth and molting
egg
adult
young
Incomplete metamorphosis
Different stages exploit different resources at different times egg
adult
nymphs
Complete metamorphosis
egg
larvae
pupa
adult
Unwelcome Arthropods Poisonous
spiders Disease-carrying ticks Venomous scorpions Agricultural pests
Do not post on Internet
Corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera)
Figure 25.38 Page 439
Question 32 32.
Insects and the two/three pairs of legs and usually have two/three pairs of wings.
Answer 32 Insects and the two/three pairs of legs and usually have two/three pairs of wings.
32.
Echinoderms
Deuterostomes
Body wall has spines or plates
No brain
Adults are radial withSea urchin bilateral features
Do not post photos on Internet
Sea cucumber
Brittle star
Figure 25.39 Page 440
Echinoderm Diversity
Crinoids (sea lilies and feather stars)
Sea stars
Brittle stars
Sea urchins, heart urchins, sand dollars
Sea cucumbers
Body Plan of a Sea Star sieve plate
gonad
coelom
anus upper stomach lower stomach
digestive gland eyespot
Figure 25.40a Page 441
Water Vascular System sieve plate
ampulla
Figure 25.40b Page 441
Question 33 33.
To which phylum do starfish and sea urchins belong?
Answer 33 33.
To which phylum do starfish and sea urchins belong?
Echinodermata
Question 34 34.
What are three characteristics of the echinoderms?
Answer 34 34.
What are three characteristics of the echinoderms?
Deuterostomes
bilateral/radial symmetry no brain water vascular system “spiny skins”
Question 35 35.
What are three types of echinoderms?
Answer 35
35. What are three types of echinoderms?
Crinoids (sea lilies and feather stars)
Sea stars
Brittle stars
Sea urchins, heart urchins, sand dollars
Sea cucumbers
New Zealand Giant Squid Giant Lobster Invades Playground
Not Kidding! 22 pounds!
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