Ch 18 Classification

Chapter 18: Classification Why Classify? • Convenience • Innate (Behavior) desire to organize and group the world Aristotle (Greek) • First to classify • Plants: Green Color and Size (grass or trees) • Animals: 3 Types based on habitat (water, land, or air)(problematic) •

1758: Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist, began to develop classification o Started with plants then moved to animals o Developed Binomial Nomenclature, a two-name naming system o 1st name is genus name (first letter CAPS) o 2nd name is species name/identifier (no CAPS) o Both names in Latin, use structural similarities (anatomy) Examples: Felis (purr) domesticus Octopus vulgaris Panthera (cat that roars) leo Pinus ponderosa • Father of Taxonomy (science of classification) • Developed 6 Basic Kingdoms

Species: 1. Smallest unit of taxonomy 2. Population of organisms that: o Share similar characteristics o Can breed successfully with each other Six Kingdoms: 1. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Harsh environments (salty, hot water, anaerobic, autotrophic) 2. Kingdom Eubacteria • True bacteria • Prokaryotic • Unicellular • Ex: blue-green bacteria 3. Kingdom Protista • Unicellular • Eukaryotic

• Ex: amoeba, paramecium, euglena, etc. 4. Kingdom Fungi • Cell wall (no cellulose) • Heterotrophic (grows like plant) • Ex: mold, yeast, mildew, ringworm, athlete’s foot, etc. 5. Kingdom Plantae • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Cell Wall • Autotrophic 6. Kingdom Animalia • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Heterotrophic Classification Tree: • Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species Phylogenic Taxonomy: • Biological systematics organize all life on earth based on how the organism evolved Scientists Use: 1. Fossil Records 2. Morphology Similarities: o Greater number of homologous morphological features shared o Structure o How it works 3. Embryological Patterns of Development 4. Similar Chromosomes (macromolecules)