Ch 14 Targets Absolutism

World History Pre-AP – Duez NAME________________________________ PD: Chapter 14 “Absolutism” Crisis and Absolutism in Europe, 1550–1715 Time: 2 Weeks Big Ideas and Questions: 1. How does the Protestant Reformation lead to religious wars and “absolute” rulers? 2. What was so “Glorious” about the Glorious Revolution. 3. Explain how Locke and Hobbes have influenced political thought and governments (Democracy, Dictatorships, Socialism, and Communism). Student-Friendly Learning Target Statements Section 1 Europe in Crisis: The Wars of Religion

•

Out of the wars of the sixteenth century, absolutist rulers emerged in many parts of Europe, while England laid the groundwork for a constitutional monarchy. Art, literature, and political thought were heavily influenced by changes in the wake of the Reformation.

•

Wars between Catholics and Protestants plagued sixteenth-century Europe. Economic, social, and political forces all played a role. For nearly 40 years, the French Wars of Religion pitted Catholics against Protestant Huguenots.

•

Catholic Spain appeared to be at the height of its power. However, Philip II was bankrupting Spain with costly wars. Meanwhile, the United Provinces of the Netherlands, a heavily Protestant region of the Spanish Empire, emerged as a great power in its own right.

Absolutism Cavaliers Armada Huguenots Section 2 Social Crises, War, and Revolution

Militant Roundheads Edict of Nantes Car

•

The English monarch, Elizabeth, sought to placate both Protestants and Catholics at home while balancing the power of France and Spain. Hoping to restore Catholicism to power, Philip tried to invade England and met with disastrous results.

•

From 1560 to 1650, Europe was filled with economic and social crises. Witch-hunts were common. Religious disputes in Germany left over from the Peace of Augsburg led to the Thirty Years' War. The war evolved into a much larger European struggle.

Louis XIV Henry of Navarre William & Mary Jean-Baptiste Colbert William the Silent Cardinal Richelieu Peace of Westphalia Section 3 Response to Crisis: Absolutism

Inflation Puritans Divine Right of Kings Glorious Revolution

Elizabeth Tudor James II Peter the Great

•

Charles I of England was executed by Oliver Cromwell, a military genius who led a revolt against the crown. The English Revolution was the latest battle in a struggle pitting Parliament against the monarchy.

•

In 1688, King James II fled to France and the Dutch king, William of Orange, took power with almost no bloodshed. In exchange for the crown, William and his wife, Mary, accepted a Bill of Rights, laying the groundwork for a constitutional monarchy.

•

The French king, Louis XIV, is regarded as the best example of a seventeenth century absolutist ruler. Louis used all means at his disposal to keep power firmly in his own hands.

Witchcraft James I Thomas Hobbes

Commonwealth Charles I John Locke

Philip II Oliver Cromwell

•

Writing and drama reached new heights in England and Spain. Two writers from this period, England's Shakespeare and Spain's Lope de Vega, are considered among the greatest writers ever.

•

Political thought also evolved during this period. Thomas Hobbes argued in favor of absolutism. Hobbes's fellow Englishman, John Locke, countered that governments were formed by a contract to protect people's natural rights. Locke's ideas became important to both Americans and French in the eighteenth century.

•

We will do a philosophical chairs debate in class – Who was right Hobbes or Locke?

Questions are due on Friday, Feb. 11th 1. Reading Check p. 430 2. #6 page 432 3. #7 p. 432 4. #3 p. 433 5. Reading Check p. 436 6. #6 p. 439 7. Reading Check p. 445 8. #6 p. 447 9. #5 p. 451 10. Reading Check p. 451

Vocabulary Quiz on Wednesday & Thurs Feb 16 & 17 Test is Tuesday, Feb. 22nd